A planting method with soil improvement and tobacco disease control

Abstract

This invention provides a planting method that improves soil and controls tobacco diseases. Before planting tobacco, a soil conditioner is applied to the soil, and after planting, organic bio-fertilizer is applied. The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) mixing *Eupatorium adenophorum*, kaolin, and lime, removing moisture, and then carbonizing; (2) mixing the carbonized material with dried *Bacillus subtilis* B115 cells. The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) mixing rapeseed straw, *Eupatorium adenophorum*, and earthworm castings; (2) inoculating with antibiotic *Streptomyces SIM001* and fermenting the mixture obtained in step (1). The tobacco planting method provided by this invention has excellent control effects on tobacco diseases, achieving a control effect of over 96% against bacterial wilt and over 83% against black shank. This invention realizes the efficient utilization of *Eupatorium adenophorum* and enhances the economic value of its treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tobacco planting technology, specifically relating to a planting method that improves soil and prevents tobacco diseases. Background Technology

[0002] Tobacco belongs to the Solanaceae family of dicotyledonous plants and has high economic value. Currently, methods for controlling tobacco bacterial wilt mainly include genetic engineering to improve tobacco plants, soil improvement, and the development of new fertilizers.

[0003] In soil improvement, the common practice in this field is to apply lime to increase soil acidity. While this method has some effect, it can easily lead to problems such as soil compaction and decreased soil fertility. In recent years, soil conditioners based on microbial technology have received increasing attention because they help maintain or improve the soil's microbial environment, thus helping to preserve soil fertility and enhance the prevention and control of related diseases.

[0004] However, antagonistic effects often occur between different microorganisms. For example, Li Yuanxin et al. found that among the seven strains they studied, only the combination of Bacillus belye, Bacillus pumilus, and Trichoderma viride showed no antagonistic effects among them, making it suitable as a compound microbial agent (Study on screening of strains for organic fertilizer production from livestock and poultry manure fermentation [J]. China Feed, 2025, (05): 58-62.). Therefore, when applying bio-fertilizer, it is necessary to consider whether there will be significant antagonism between the microorganisms in the bio-fertilizer and the microorganisms in the soil, which would make it difficult for the bio-fertilizer to exert its fertilizer effect.

[0005] In particular, in planting areas where disease outbreaks are severe, soil improvement often requires the application of microbial-rich soil conditioners. However, the microorganisms in these soil conditioners often struggle to coexist with the microorganisms in subsequently applied organic fertilizers, leading to poor soil improvement and reduced fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, developing soil conditioners and organic fertilizers that can achieve synergistic effects is urgently needed in this field.

[0006] In addition, the field faces the problem of high raw material costs when developing bio-based soil conditioners and organic bio-fertilizers. How to use inexpensive raw materials (such as weeds) to prepare efficient soil conditioners and organic bio-fertilizers is also urgently needed in this field.

[0007] Adenophora stricta is an invasive crop, a weed that has not yet been effectively integrated into agriculture, and is widely distributed in Yunnan Province. Adenophora stricta easily leads to a decline in soil fertility and crowds out the growing space for cash crops. To the inventor's knowledge, there are relatively few soil conditioners or organic bio-fertilizers prepared from Adenophora stricta, and the resulting products cannot achieve efficient control of tobacco-related diseases. Furthermore, there are no reports of soil conditioners and organic bio-fertilizers produced from it producing synergistic effects in the control of tobacco diseases. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a planting method that integrates soil improvement and tobacco disease control. This method overcomes the limitation imposed by existing technologies on the subsequent application of bio-fertilizers when using microbial technology for soil improvement, thus achieving a comprehensive effect of soil improvement and disease control.

[0009] This invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A planting method that improves soil and prevents tobacco diseases involves applying a soil conditioner to the soil before planting tobacco, and then applying organic bio-fertilizer after planting.

[0011] The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) mixing purple stem eupatorium, kaolin and lime in a weight ratio of 12-18:4:1, removing water and then carbonizing to obtain carbonized material; (2) mixing the carbonized material with Bacillus subtilis B115 dry cells in a weight ratio of 8-12:1 to obtain the final product.

[0012] The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) mixing rapeseed straw, purple stem eupatorium and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 2-5:10:1; (2) inoculating with antibiotic streptomyces SIM001 and fermenting the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain the product.

[0013] Preferably, when preparing the soil conditioner, the weight ratio of Aeonium adenophorum, kaolin, and lime is 15:4:1.

[0014] Preferably, when removing moisture, the treatment is carried out at 100°C for 2 hours; when carbonizing, the treatment time is 1 hour.

[0015] Preferably, in the preparation of the soil conditioner, the weight ratio of carbonized material to Bacillus subtilis B115 dry cells is 10:1.

[0016] Preferably, in the preparation of the bio-organic fertilizer, the weight ratio of rapeseed straw, purple-stemmed eupatorium, and earthworm castings is 3:10:1.

[0017] Preferably, the moisture content of the mixture of rapeseed straw, purple-stemmed eupatorium, and earthworm castings is 30% before inoculation and fermentation.

[0018] Preferably, the inoculum amount of antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 is 5% during inoculation fermentation.

[0019] Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 32°C and the fermentation time is 72 hours. Preferably, after applying the soil conditioner, the soil is covered with agricultural film for one week.

[0020] Preferably, the organic bio-fertilizer is applied 10 days after the tobacco is planted.

[0021] Over the past 20 years, through relevant research, people have begun to realize the value of Agastache rugosa as a raw material for fertilizer preparation. For example, Zhang Shiwei prepared fertilizer by composting Agastache rugosa with fine soil and composting agent, which can significantly reduce diseases such as sheath blight, rust, and powdery mildew in wheat, and rust and leaf spot in corn (Composting agent for rapid composting of Agastache rugosa into fertilizer [J]. Yunnan Agriculture, 1999, (09): 22.); Bai Ruxia et al. found through research that the application of Agastache rugosa organic fertilizer after on-site composting does not result in the migration of heavy metals between different regions and has a very low risk of soil pollution, making it worthy of promotion and application; Zhou Shuangshuang et al. found that although Agastache rugosa microbial fertilizer can improve soil fertility to a certain extent, its effect is not as obvious as that of biogas fertilizer (The effect of biogas fertilizer and Agastache rugosa microbial fertilizer on soil fertility [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2017, (09): 214-215.).

[0022] Before conducting research for this invention, the inventors considered using local weeds as raw materials for soil conditioners and bio-fertilizers used in conjunction with them. Since *Ageratum adenophorum* is a local weed, and encouraged by the aforementioned existing research, and given the lack of reports on its use in tobacco cultivation, the inventors explored preparing *Ageratum adenophorum* into microbial fertilizer for use in tobacco cultivation. For example, in one experimental example of this invention, the inventors compared *Ageratum adenophorum* microbial fertilizer prepared using *Bacillus subtilis* B115 as the fermentation bacteria with common inorganic compound fertilizers, finding that it had no significant effect on the prevention and control of tobacco black shank disease. Based on this, the inventors investigated the preparation of *Ageratum adenophorum* microbial fertilizer using different fermentation bacteria, similarly finding that the resulting microbial fertilizer had no significant effect on the prevention and control of tobacco black shank disease. This may be because while *Ageratum adenophorum* microbial fertilizer may have some fertilizer effect, its fermentation products do not have a significant inhibitory effect on related pathogens.

[0023] Based on this, the inventors investigated its use as a raw material for soil conditioners and attempted to prepare soil conditioners by mixing it with other common soil conditioner substances. As shown in Experimental Examples 1 and 2 of this invention, when a soil conditioner prepared by mixing carbonized material of *Ageratum adenophorum* as the main raw material with dried *Bacillus subtilis* B115 cells was applied in conjunction with a bio-organic fertilizer prepared using *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* as one of the fermentation substrates, the control effect on both bacterial wilt and black shank was poor. This may be because *Bacillus subtilis* B115 and the used *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* cannot produce a synergistic disease-preventing effect. This also reflects a technical challenge faced in the development of microbial soil conditioners: microbial soil conditioners often impose significant limitations on the selection of organic bio-fertilizers, thus hindering their application and promotion.

[0024] Through extensive experimentation, this invention has developed a method for producing soil conditioner and organic bio-fertilizer using *Eupatorium adenophorum* as the main raw material. It has also been found that simultaneous application of the resulting soil conditioner and organic bio-fertilizer can improve the soil and significantly enhance the prevention and control of tobacco-related diseases.

[0025] Therefore, it is not difficult to see that the contribution of the present invention to the field is: to provide an effective method for utilizing Agastache rugosa, specifically to provide a planting method that can be used to significantly improve the prevention and control of tobacco diseases by using Agastache rugosa as the main raw material.

[0026] Furthermore, it is noteworthy that, as shown in Comparative Example 3 of this invention, when the proportion of *Ageratum adenophorum* added is reduced, the effectiveness of the resulting organic bio-fertilizer in controlling tobacco blight decreases significantly. This further illustrates that this invention can achieve efficient utilization of *Ageratum adenophorum* and reduce its ecological damage.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] The tobacco planting method provided by this invention can improve the soil and has excellent effects in preventing and controlling tobacco diseases. It can achieve a control effect of over 96% against bacterial wilt and over 83% against black shank. This invention realizes the efficient utilization of Agastache rugosa and enhances the economic value of its treatment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Some non-essential improvements and adjustments made by those skilled in the art based on the above-described invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] 1. Raw materials:

[0032] Rapeseed straw: Local rapeseed straw (10% moisture content); Purple stem eupatorium: Local purple stem eupatorium whole plant with roots, dried to remove surface moisture; Earthworm castings: Pure earthworm castings, purchased from Baoding Wobang Organic Fertilizer Production Co., Ltd.

[0033] Bacillus subtilis B115: accession number CGMCC NO.1210, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0034] Antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001: Accession number CGMCC NO.1349, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0035] 2. Preparation of soil conditioner:

[0036] (1) Mix purple stem eupatorium, kaolin and lime in a weight ratio of 15:4:1, treat at 100℃ for 2 hours to remove moisture, and then carbonize at 600℃ for 1 hour.

[0037] (2) Mix the carbonized material from step (1) and the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells in a weight ratio of 10:1 to obtain the product; wherein, the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells are obtained by culturing Bacillus subtilis B115 in LB liquid medium to the plateau phase and then discarding the culture medium.

[0038] 3. Preparation of organic bio-fertilizer

[0039] (1) Take rapeseed straw, purple stem eupatorium and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 3:10:1, mix them, crush them and add sterile water until the water content of the mixture is 30% (w / w);

[0040] (2) Inoculate with 5% of the antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 and ferment at 32°C for 72 hours to obtain the product.

[0041] 4. The obtained soil conditioner and organic bio-fertilizer were used to plant tobacco. For specific methods, please refer to Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] 1. Raw materials:

[0044] Rapeseed straw: Local rapeseed straw (10% moisture content); Purple stem eupatorium: Local purple stem eupatorium whole plant with roots, dried to remove surface moisture; Earthworm castings: Pure earthworm castings, purchased from Baoding Wobang Organic Fertilizer Production Co., Ltd.

[0045] Bacillus subtilis B115: accession number CGMCC NO.1210, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0046] Antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001: Accession number CGMCC NO.1349, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0047] 2. Preparation of soil conditioner:

[0048] (1) Mix purple stem eupatorium, kaolin and lime in a weight ratio of 12:4:1, treat at 100℃ for 2 hours to remove moisture, and then carbonize at 600℃ for 1 hour.

[0049] (2) Mix the carbonized material from step (1) and the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells in a weight ratio of 8:1 to obtain the product; wherein, the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells are obtained by culturing Bacillus subtilis B115 in LB liquid medium to the plateau phase and then discarding the culture medium.

[0050] 3. Preparation of organic bio-fertilizer

[0051] (1) Take rapeseed straw, purple stem eupatorium and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 5:10:1, mix them, crush them and add sterile water until the water content of the mixture is 30% (w / w);

[0052] (2) Inoculate with 5% of the antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 and ferment at 32°C for 72 hours to obtain the product.

[0053] 4. The obtained soil conditioner and organic bio-fertilizer were used to plant tobacco. For specific methods, please refer to Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] 1. Raw materials:

[0056] Rapeseed straw: Local rapeseed straw (10% moisture content); Purple stem eupatorium: Local purple stem eupatorium whole plant with roots, dried to remove surface moisture; Earthworm castings: Pure earthworm castings, purchased from Baoding Wobang Organic Fertilizer Production Co., Ltd.

[0057] Bacillus subtilis B115: accession number CGMCC NO.1210, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0058] Antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001: Accession number CGMCC NO.1349, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center;

[0059] 2. Preparation of soil conditioner:

[0060] (1) Mix purple stem eupatorium, kaolin and lime in a weight ratio of 18:4:1, treat at 100℃ for 2 hours to remove moisture, and then carbonize at 600℃ for 1 hour.

[0061] (2) Mix the carbonized material from step (1) and the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells in a weight ratio of 12:1 to obtain the product; wherein, the dried Bacillus subtilis B115 cells are obtained by culturing Bacillus subtilis B115 in LB liquid medium to the plateau phase and then discarding the culture medium.

[0062] 3. Preparation of organic bio-fertilizer

[0063] (1) Take rapeseed straw, purple stem eupatorium and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 2:10:1, mix them, crush them and add sterile water until the water content of the mixture is 30% (w / w);

[0064] (2) Inoculate with 5% of the antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 and ferment at 32°C for 72 hours to obtain the product.

[0065] 4. The obtained soil conditioner and organic bio-fertilizer were used to plant tobacco. For specific methods, please refer to Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Except for the omission of Adenophora stricta and Bacillus subtilis B115 dried cells during the preparation of the soil conditioner, the rest is consistent with the example.

[0068] Comparative Example 2

[0069] Except for replacing the antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 with Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the preparation of organic bio-fertilizer, the process was identical to Example 1. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with accession number CGMCC 1.7418, was purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0070] Comparative Example 3

[0071] Except for the addition ratio of rapeseed straw, purple-stemmed eupatorium, and earthworm castings being 10:3:1 when preparing organic bio-fertilizer, everything else is the same as in Example 1.

[0072] Experimental Example 1

[0073] Soil from tobacco plants suffering from continuous cropping disease (100% bacterial wilt incidence) was used to fill pots, 10 kg per pot. Soil conditioners obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were added at a rate of 100 g per pot and mixed with the soil. The pots were then covered with agricultural film for one week, and after removing the film for two days, the tobacco plants were transplanted, one plant per pot. Ten days later, the bio-organic fertilizers from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were applied, at a rate of 100 g per pot. Control group 1 consisted of plants without soil conditioner or bio-organic fertilizer, but only receiving 100 g of inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 8:10:22, purchased from Shenzhen Nongfu Tianxia Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd.) after transplanting. Control group 2 consisted of plants without soil conditioner but receiving bio-organic fertilizer 10 days after transplanting. Control group 3 consisted of plants with soil conditioner only, but receiving 100 g of the same inorganic compound fertilizer as control group 1 10 days after transplanting. From the first diseased plant appearing 40 days after transplanting, the condition was recorded daily, and detailed investigations and records were conducted every 5 days until the tobacco matured.

[0074] The incidence, disease index, and control efficacy of tobacco bacterial wilt are calculated using the following formula:

[0075] Incidence rate = (Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100%.

[0076] Disease index was determined according to the tobacco disease classification and survey methods in the Tobacco Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China:

[0077] Grade 0: The entire plant is disease-free;

[0078] Grade 1: Occasionally, there are chlorotic spots on the stem, or a few leaves wither on the side with stripes;

[0079] Grade 2: Black streaks appear on the stem, but have not yet reached the top, or more than half of the leaves on the affected side wither;

[0080] Grade 3: Black streaks on the stem reach the top of the plant, or more than 2 / 3 of the leaves on the diseased side wither; Grade 4: The diseased plant is basically dead.

[0081] Disease index = [∑(disease level × number of strains at this level) / (highest level × total number of strains)] × 100.

[0082] Prevention and control effect = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100%.

[0083] As shown in Table 1, Examples 1-3 of the present invention have excellent control effects on bacterial wilt.

[0084] Table 1

[0085]

[0086] Note: When calculating the prevention and control effect, control group 1 was used as the control, and other groups were treated as treatment groups; the disease index and prevention and control effect data were rounded to one decimal place.

[0087] Experimental Example 2

[0088] Based on the pot experiment in Experiment Example 1, this experiment investigated the effect of planting tobacco in the field using the planting method of this patent.

[0089] In the field experiment, Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were each used as a treatment group, while the control group was treated with only the inorganic compound fertilizer from Example 1 (250 kg / hm²). 2 There are 7 groups in total. Each group is planted in 4 rows with 5 plants per row; the plant spacing is 0.5 meters and the row spacing is 1 meter.

[0090] Before transplanting, apply 300 kg / hm² of fertilizer. 2 The soil conditioner was added and buried in the soil, then covered with agricultural film for one week. Two days after removing the film, tobacco seedlings were transplanted. Ten days after transplanting, 250 mg / hm² of bio-organic fertilizer was applied. 2 From the appearance of the first diseased plant 40 days after transplanting, the condition was recorded daily, and a detailed investigation and record were made every 5 days until the tobacco matured.

[0091] Incidence rate = (Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100%.

[0092] Severity grading standards for tobacco black shank disease:

[0093] Grade 0: The entire plant is disease-free;

[0094] Grade 1: Stem lesions do not exceed 1 / 3 of the stem circumference, or less than 1 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0095] Grade 3: Stem lesions surround 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the stem circumference, or 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the leaves are slightly wilted, or a few leaves at the bottom have lesions;

[0096] Grade 5: Stem lesions extend beyond 1 / 2 of the stem circumference, but do not completely encircle the stem circumference, or 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0097] Level 7: Stem lesions completely surround the stem circumference, or more than 2 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0098] Level 9: The diseased plants are basically dead.

[0099] Disease index = [∑(disease level × number of strains at this level) / (highest level × total number of strains)] × 100.

[0100] Prevention and control effect = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100%.

[0101] As shown in Table 2, in field experiments, Examples 1-3 of the present invention also showed excellent prevention and control effects against black shank disease.

[0102] Table 3

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] Note: All data is rounded to one decimal place.

[0106] Experimental Example 3

[0107] This experimental example is based on the existing report "The Effects of Biogas Fertilizer and Purple-stemmed Eupatorium Microbial Fertilizer on Soil Fertility". The inventor prepared purple-stemmed Eupatorium microbial fertilizer and investigated its effect on the control of tobacco black shank disease. Since the report did not record the specific strain used, the inventor used a strain developed by the team as the fermentation bacteria for the relevant investigation.

[0108] Preparation of purple-stemmed eupatorium microbial fertilizer: Purple-stemmed eupatorium was juiced and then inoculated with Bacillus subtilis B115 (preservation number CGMCC NO.1210, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) at an inoculation amount of 5%. Fermentation was carried out at 32℃ for 72 hours, and the fermentation residue was used as microbial fertilizer.

[0109] Soil from continuously cropped tobacco plants (100% incidence of black shank disease) was used to fill pots, 10 kg per pot. A control group and an experimental group were established. Ten days after transplanting (one plant per pot), the experimental group was treated with the aforementioned microbial fertilizer, while the control group was treated with inorganic compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O ratio of 8:10:22, purchased from Shenzhen Nongfu Tianxia Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd.), at a rate of 100 g per pot for both groups. From the appearance of the first diseased plant 40 days after transplanting, the disease status was recorded daily, and detailed records were maintained every 5 days until the tobacco reached maturity.

[0110] Incidence rate = (Number of diseased plants / Total number of plants surveyed) × 100%.

[0111] Severity grading standards for tobacco black shank disease:

[0112] Grade 0: The entire plant is disease-free;

[0113] Grade 1: Stem lesions do not exceed 1 / 3 of the stem circumference, or less than 1 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0114] Grade 3: Stem lesions surround 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the stem circumference, or 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the leaves are slightly wilted, or a few leaves at the bottom have lesions;

[0115] Grade 5: Stem lesions extend beyond 1 / 2 of the stem circumference, but do not completely encircle the stem circumference, or 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0116] Level 7: Stem lesions completely surround the stem circumference, or more than 2 / 3 of the leaves wither;

[0117] Level 9: The diseased plants are basically dead.

[0118] Disease index = [∑(disease level × number of strains at this level) / (highest level × total number of strains)] × 100.

[0119] Prevention and control effect = (control disease index - treatment disease index) / control disease index × 100%.

[0120] As shown in Table 3, the aforementioned microbial fertilizers had no significant effect on the prevention and control of tobacco black shank disease.

[0121] Table 3

[0122]

[0123] Note: All data is rounded to one decimal place.

[0124] Based on this, the inventors replaced the fermentation bacterium B115 with antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 (CGMCC NO.1349, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CGMCC 1.7418, purchased from the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center), respectively, using the same fermentation process to produce microbial fertilizers, designated as experimental group 2 and experimental group 3, and conducted the same experiments (the control group experiment was not conducted, and the experimental data of the aforementioned control group were directly used). As shown in Table 4, the microbial fertilizers prepared by replacing the fermentation bacterium also failed to improve the control effect on tobacco black shank disease.

[0125] Table 4

[0126]

[0127] Note: All data is rounded to one decimal place.

[0128] Experiment Example 4

[0129] During the tobacco disease prevention experiments, the inventors also investigated the effects of the soil conditioner obtained in Example 1 (Experimental Group 1) and the microbial fertilizer obtained in Example 3 using Bacillus subtilis B115 as the fermentation bacteria (Experimental Group 2) on soil humus. Using the test soil from Example 1 as the experimental subject, the humus content was determined according to the principle of "Influence of biogas fertilizer and Agastache rugosa microbial fertilizer on soil fertility." The experiment was repeated three times, and the average value was taken. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0130] Table 5

[0131]

Claims

1. A planting method that improves soil and controls tobacco diseases, characterized in that, Before planting tobacco, apply a soil conditioner to the soil, and 10 days after planting the tobacco, apply organic bio-fertilizer. The preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: (1) mixing purple stem eupatorium, kaolin and lime in a weight ratio of 15:4:1, removing water, and then carbonizing at 600℃ for 1 hour to obtain carbonized material; (2) mixing carbonized material with Bacillus subtilis B115 dry cells in a weight ratio of 10:1 to obtain the final product. The preparation method of the organic bio-fertilizer includes the following steps: (1) mixing rapeseed straw, purple stem eupatorium and earthworm castings in a weight ratio of 3:10:1; (2) inoculating with antibiotic streptomyces SIM001 and fermenting the mixture obtained in step (1) to obtain the product. During inoculation and fermentation, the inoculum size of antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 was 5%. The Bacillus subtilis B115 has the accession number CGMCC NO.1210, and the antibiotic Streptomyces SIM001 has the accession number CGMCC NO.1349.

2. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When removing moisture, the treatment is carried out at 100°C for 2 hours.

3. The planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Before inoculation and fermentation, the mixture of rapeseed straw, purple-stemmed eupatorium, and earthworm castings had a moisture content of 30%.

4. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 32℃ and the fermentation time is 72 hours.

5. The planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After applying the soil conditioner, cover it with agricultural film for one week.

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