3D printing-based water distribution head and fluidized bed reactor device comprising the same

Abstract

The application discloses a water distribution head based on 3D printing and a fluidized bed reaction device comprising the water distribution head, and belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment. The water distribution head is formed by 3D printing, and comprises a water distribution head main body and a movable flow guide. An installation connecting column body of the water distribution head main body is internally provided with a water inlet channel, and an upper structure body is internally provided with a mixing cavity in communication with the water inlet channel; the upper structure body is a curved surface conical structure, and a generatrix is an outward arc-shaped concave arc; the movable flow guide is a cover body structure, and a cavity top is provided with a protruding structure. The water distribution head adopts a pressure bin type, the curved surface conical structure makes the sprayed water flow uniformly distributed, and the water distribution speed is more controllable, stable and efficient fluidization of carrier particles is realized, the particle fluidization is periodic, the embedding of the movable flow guide avoids the problem that catalytic solid carrier particles return mixing into and block the internal pipeline of the water distribution head in the fluidized bed reaction process, and the long-term operation ability of the fluidized bed reactor is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically to a 3D-printed water distribution head and a fluidized bed reactor including the water distribution head. Background Technology

[0002] Crystallization fluidized beds, based on the mechanism of induced heterogeneous crystallization, utilize a fluidized bed reactor to induce heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of the components to be removed on the surface of seed crystals through the addition of external chemical agents, thus achieving efficient wastewater treatment. Crystallization granulation fluidized beds offer advantages such as continuous reaction processes, strong resistance to shock loads, simple operation, and no byproducts. Therefore, heterogeneous catalytic crystallization granulation fluidized beds show promising application prospects in heavy metal wastewater treatment, combined with Fenton reactions in organic wastewater treatment, and fluidized granulation.

[0003] Typically, granular solid packing material with a density greater than water is pre-filled at the bottom of a crystalline granulation fluidized bed as inducing crystals. The wastewater to be treated enters the fluidized bed at a certain flow rate through the water distribution head or distribution holes at the bottom of the reactor, causing the carrier material to expand to a certain height and form a fully fluidized state within the reactor. The water distribution head at the bottom of the fluidized bed serves two purposes: distributing water and supporting the seed packing material. To prevent leakage of the seed packing material, the pore size of the perforated plate and the gaps in the water cap are generally very small. This can easily cause blockage of the water distribution device when treating wastewater containing suspended solids or when chemical reactions lead to floc formation, resulting in a decrease in the fluidization rate of the packing material within the fluidized bed and phenomena such as short-circuiting, channeling, and dead zones in the reaction zone. Furthermore, due to unreasonable design and operating parameters of the fluidized bed reactor, a large number of carrier particles can fall into the pipes, leading to reduced water distribution uniformity and even shutdown. Unfluidized seed packing particles often remain around the pipe walls near the water distribution head, affecting the utilization efficiency of the seed packing. Therefore, the present invention provides a novel water distribution head that avoids clogging of the water distribution device and improves the utilization efficiency of fluidized bed support particles. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide a 3D-printed water distribution head and a fluidized bed reactor including the water distribution head.

[0005] The water distribution head disclosed in this invention, formed by 3D printing, includes: The main body of the water distribution head includes a mounting and connecting column and an upper structure connected sequentially from bottom to top. The mounting and connecting column has a water inlet channel, and the water inlet of the water inlet channel is located at the bottom or side wall of the mounting and connecting column. The upper structure has a mixing chamber inside, and the bottom of the mixing chamber is connected to the water inlet channel. Multiple water outlet channels connected to the mixing chamber are also evenly distributed on the inner side wall of the mixing chamber of the upper structure. The water outlet channels are inclined and the water outlet is located at the lower end of the water outlet channel. The upper structure is a curved conical structure with the diameter increasing from the top to the bottom, and the generatrix of the curved conical structure is an inward concave arc with the arc opening facing outward. The movable guide is a cover structure, and the top of the chamber of the cover structure has a protrusion structure that protrudes into the chamber. The movable guide is located in the mixing chamber and above the water inlet channel. When the water inlet channel is not filled with water, the movable guide covers the water inlet channel, and the side wall of the movable guide isolates the water inlet channel from each water outlet channel. When the water inlet channel is filled with water, the movable guide moves upward under the impact of the water flow, and the water inlet channel connects with the water outlet channel. The water entering the water inlet channel enters each water outlet pipe through the cavity formed by the inner wall of the movable guide and the inner wall of the mixing chamber.

[0006] Preferably, the curved conical structure is formed by rotating a concave arc segment of a parabola, circle, or ellipse around a central axis.

[0007] Preferably, the movable guide is provided with a plurality of limiting protrusions along the circumferential direction on the outside, and the mixing cavity is provided with a longitudinal guide groove adapted to the limiting protrusions, and the limiting protrusions are slidably connected in the longitudinal guide groove.

[0008] Preferably, the mixing chamber is provided with a receiving groove, and the inner wall of the movable guide is provided with a limiting protrusion ring. When the movable guide is closed on the water inlet channel, the limiting protrusion ring is located in the receiving groove.

[0009] Preferably, the material of the movable guide vane is determined based on the material of the main body of the water distribution head, and the density of the movable guide vane material is less than or equal to 2500 kg / m³. 3 The hardness of the active guide material is less than or equal to that of the main material of the water distribution head.

[0010] Preferably, the central axis of the hybrid cavity, the central axis of the movable guide tube and the central axis of the water inlet channel all coincide with the central axis of the upper structure and the mounting and connecting column.

[0011] Preferably, the connection between the mixing chamber and the water inlet channel outlet is a funnel-shaped transition zone, the size of which increases sequentially from the water inlet channel outlet towards the mixing chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the angle between the water outlet channel and the central axis of the water distribution head is greater than or equal to 15° and less than or equal to 60°.

[0013] Preferably, the upper structure sidewall is also evenly provided with mounting grooves, and two adjacent water distribution heads are connected by positioning plates, with the two ends of the positioning plates respectively locked in the mounting grooves on their respective upper structure sidewalls.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a fluidized bed reactor based on 3D printed water distribution heads, including a housing and a horizontal partition located inside the housing, wherein a plurality of water distribution head arrays are arranged on the horizontal partition.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention uses 3D printing technology to form the fluidized bed water distribution head. The main body of the water distribution head of the present invention has a mixing cavity, and the mixing cavity has a movable guide. When water is introduced, the movable guide moves upward under the impact of the water flow, so that the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are connected. When no water is introduced, it covers the water inlet channel, so that the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are isolated, preventing the carrier from entering the water distribution head, affecting the water distribution uniformity or blocking the water inlet channel. At the same time, the upper structure of the present invention is a curved conical structure with the diameter increasing from the top to the bottom, and the generatrix of the curved conical structure is an inward concave arc with the arc opening facing outward. Through specific geometric constraints, the flow field is optimized, avoiding the presence of seed filler particles that have not been fully fluidized around the pipe wall near the water distribution head, which affects the utilization efficiency of the carrier particles.

[0016] This invention utilizes 3D printing technology to mold the water distribution head, enabling it to meet the high adaptability requirements of fluidized bed reactors under various conditions. The water distribution head designed in this invention, through backflushing and the self-locking action of the movable guide vanes, solves the problem of blockage of the water distribution head pipes by the fluidized bed support and fluidized bed reaction products, thus improving the durability of the water distribution head. This invention employs a pressure chamber water inlet method, mitigating water flow imbalances among the various water distribution heads and significantly improving the overall uniformity of water distribution. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is an embodiment of the present invention: a nut-fixed water distribution head.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of a nut-fixed water distribution head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of a nut-fixed water distribution head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of a nut-fixed water distribution head with the water inlet located at the bottom, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a nut-fixed water distribution head with the water inlet located on the side wall, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the positioning of two adjacent nuts fixed water distribution heads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the threaded connection water distribution head according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of a threaded water distribution head with the water inlet located at the bottom, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of a threaded water distribution head with the water inlet located on the side wall, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hybrid cavity in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the active guide tube in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the movable guide tube and the mixing cavity during water flow operation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the active guide tube and the mixing cavity when the water flow stops, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the outer contour curve of the upper structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a water distribution head with the water inlet located at the bottom or the water inlet located on the side, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of a water distribution head with the water inlet located at the bottom and the water inlet located on the side, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 17 This is a top view of the water distribution head arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 18 This is a bottom view of the water distribution head arrangement structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 Modeling and analysis diagrams for various fluid flow cavity designs.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Main body of water distribution head; 2. Mounting and connecting column; 3. Upper structure; 4. Water inlet channel; 5. Mixing chamber; 6. Water outlet channel; 7. Water outlet; 8. Movable guide; 9. Longitudinal guide groove; 10. Limiting protrusion; 11. Receiving groove; 12. Limiting protrusion ring; 14. Mounting groove; 15. Positioning plate; 16. Rubber ring embedding groove; 17. Nut; 18. Water inlet; 19. Pressure relief ring; 20. Top protrusion; 21. Shell; 22. Mounting plate; 23. First horizontal partition; 24. Second horizontal partition. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the elements or objects preceding “comprising” or “including” encompass the elements or objects listed following “comprising” or “including” and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described objects changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0037] like Figure 1-19As shown, the water distribution head disclosed in this embodiment is formed by 3D printing and includes a water distribution head body 1. The 3D printing material of the water distribution head body 1 is corrosion-resistant and oxidation-resistant, and can be, but is not limited to, PC polycarbonate, PP polypropylene, and PA nylon as 3D printing materials. The water distribution head body 1 is printed using a printing method with an infill density of 80%-100% during 3D printing. The water distribution head body 1 includes a mounting connecting column 2 and an upper structure 3 connected sequentially from bottom to top. The mounting connecting column 2 is provided with a water inlet channel 4, and the water inlet 18 of the water inlet channel 4 is located at the bottom or side wall of the mounting connecting column 2. The upper structure 3 has a mixing chamber 5 inside, which is used for mixing... The bottom of the mixing cavity 5 is connected to the water inlet channel 4. More preferably, the connection between the bottom of the mixing cavity 5 and the outlet of the water inlet channel 4 is a funnel-shaped transition zone, with the size of this funnel-shaped transition zone increasing sequentially from the outlet of the water inlet channel 4 towards the mixing cavity 5. The inner wall of the mixing cavity 5 of the upper structure 3 is also provided with multiple water outlet channels 6 connected to the mixing cavity 5. The water outlet channels 6 are inclined, and the water outlet 7 is located at the lower end of the water outlet channel 6. In this embodiment, the upper structure 3 is a curved conical structure with a diameter that increases sequentially from top to bottom, and the generatrix of the curved conical structure is an inwardly concave arc with the arc opening facing outwards. The centrifugal force field generated by the concave surface formed by the inwardly concave arc satisfies the pressure gradient equation: ∂p / ∂r = ρ(v_θ²) / r - ρ(dv_θ / dt). When the radius of curvature r decreases, the pressure gradient increases, forming centripetal pressure compensation. The flow vorticity generated by the concave surface is small, effectively suppressing secondary flow. This embodiment achieves flow field optimization through specific geometric constraints. For ease of installation, the mounting connecting column 2 is provided with external threads, and a nut 17 is provided on the external thread section. To improve sealing, a rubber ring embedding groove 16 can be designed at the bottom of the upper structure 3 during installation, and a rubber ring can be embedded in the rubber ring embedding groove 16. Alternatively, a water-stop gasket can be fitted on the mounting connecting column 2.

[0038] The movable guide 8 is a cover structure with a protruding structure on the top of the chamber. The movable guide 8 is located inside the mixing chamber 5 and above the water inlet channel 4. When the water inlet channel 4 is not filled with water, the movable guide 8 covers the water inlet channel 4, and its sidewalls block the connection between the water inlet channel 4 and each water outlet channel 6, preventing the carrier particles (fluidized particles) from entering and clogging the water inlet channel 4. When water enters the water inlet channel 4, the movable guide 8 moves upward under the impact of the water flow, thereby... Water smoothly enters the mixing chamber 5 and then the outlet channel 6. In this embodiment, the movable guide 8 is stably fixed to the upper part of the mixing chamber 5 under water pressure. After fixing, the lower part of the movable guide 8 and the mixing chamber 5 form a stable guide channel. After entering the guide channel through the inlet channel 4, the water flows to each outlet channel 6. Under the action of continuous water flow, the movable guide 8 will be relatively fixed to the upper part of the mixing chamber 5. When the water flow hits the surface of the arc-shaped turbulence element, it will cause the water flow to flow evenly from an even number of outlet channels 6. This achieves the effect of homogenizing the water flow and avoids the interrupted eddies caused by the structure of the mixing chamber 5.

[0039] In this embodiment, the movable guide 8 includes a conical cover and a circular tube structure located under the conical cover. A limiting protrusion 10 is provided on the side wall of the circular tube structure. Both the upper and lower sides of the limiting protrusion 10 have pressure relief rings 19 to facilitate the retraction of the movable guide 8. The top of the movable guide 8 is also provided with a groove, which is recessed downward to form a top protrusion 20 on the top of the movable guide 8.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the curved conical structure of this embodiment is formed by rotating a concave arc segment of a parabola, circle, or ellipse around a central axis. For high-precision flow field control, a circular generatrix is ​​preferred.

[0041] For high-flow, anti-accumulation scenarios, elliptical busbars are recommended; for more versatile solutions, parabolic busbars can be used, adapting to most scenarios.

[0042] More specifically, when the generatrix of the curved conical structure is a parabola, the radius of rotation is set to R, limited by the x-axis and y-axis. The parabola with its opening facing upwards has a focal length of f, with its vertex at (-R, 0) or (R, 0) and its focus at (-R, f) or (R, f). The parabola is constructed by taking the intercepts in the first or second quadrant of the x-axis and y-axis as the generatrix and rotating it 360 degrees to form the concave surface of the upper structure. Preferably, the ratio of f to R is 0.1 to 0.2, and more preferably f:R = 0.1 or 0.2.

[0043] When the generatrix of the curved conical structure is an ellipse, set the radius of rotation to R, confined by the x-axis and y-axis. The ellipse is entirely within the second or first quadrant, with a major radius of r1 and a minor radius of r2, and R = r2. Construct an ellipse with two vertices at (-r2, 0) and (0, r1) or (r2, 0) and (0, r1). The outer concave surface of the upper structure is formed by rotating the generatrix 360 degrees around the y-axis using the intercepts within the first or second quadrant of the x-axis and y-axis. The ratio of r1:r2 is 1-2, preferably 1 or 2 (a circle is formed when r1:r2 is 1). Set the radius of rotation to R, confined by the x-axis and y-axis. The ellipse is entirely within the second or first quadrant, with a major radius of r1 and a minor radius of r2, and R = r1. Construct an ellipse with two vertices at (-r1, 0) and (0, r2) or (r1, 0) and (0, r2). The outer concave surface of the upper structure is formed by rotating the line segment within the first or second quadrant of the x-axis and y-axis around the y-axis by 360 degrees. The ratio of r1 to r2 is 1-2, preferably 1 or 2 (when r1:r2 is 1, it is a circle).

[0044] When the generatrix of the curved conical structure is a circle, the radius of rotation is set to R, limited by the x-axis and y-axis. The entire circle lies in the second or first quadrant, with a radius of r, and is drawn with the center at (-r, r) or (r, r). r: R is 0.5 to 1. Preferably, r: R is 0.5 or 1.

[0045] As another preferred embodiment, the movable guide 8 is provided with a plurality of limiting protrusions 10 along the circumferential direction on the outside, and the mixing cavity 5 is provided with a longitudinal guide groove 9 adapted to the limiting protrusions 10, and the limiting protrusions 10 are slidably connected in the longitudinal guide groove 9.

[0046] In another preferred embodiment, the mixing chamber 5 is provided with a receiving groove 11, and the inner wall of the movable guide 8 is provided with a limiting protrusion ring 12. When the movable guide 8 covers the water inlet channel 4, the limiting protrusion ring 12 is located in the receiving groove 11.

[0047] Preferably, the material of the movable guide 8 is determined based on the main material, and the density of the movable guide 8 material should be less than or equal to 2500 kg / m³. 3 The hardness and density of the hybrid guide material should be less than or equivalent to that of the main body material of the water distribution head. In this embodiment, the purpose of having the density and hardness of the movable guide 8 correspond to the main body material is to control the hardness of the water distribution head component to be greater than that of the movable guide 8, so that the main body 1 of the water distribution head is less likely to be damaged by the mechanical movement of the movable guide 8 during long-term operation. Furthermore, it avoids the problem that excessive density would prevent the direct water flow from easily lifting the movable guide 8 and fixing it relatively at the top of the hybrid cavity 5.

[0048] In another preferred embodiment, the central axis of the mixing chamber 5 and the central axis of the water inlet channel 4 are both aligned with the central axes of the upper structure 3 and the mounting and connecting column 2. In this embodiment, the mixing chamber 5 is positioned along the central axis so that, regardless of whether the water flow is from an inclined or straight pipe inlet, the continuous water flow impacting the movable guide 8, guided by the water inlet channel 4, can upright lift the movable guide 8 and fix it relatively in the upper part of the mixing chamber 5.

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, the number of water outlets 7 on the side wall of the upper structure 3 is even, set to 2-8, and arranged symmetrically in a circle. Compared with an odd number or asymmetrical distribution of water outlets 7, the symmetrical even number of water outlets 7 can make the water flow rate and velocity of each water outlet 7 more uniform under the action of the turbulence generator.

[0050] In another preferred embodiment, the angle between the water outlet channel 6 and the central axis of the water distribution head is greater than or equal to 15° and less than or equal to 60°.

[0051] As another preferred embodiment, the upper structure 3 is also provided with mounting grooves 14 evenly distributed on its side wall. Two adjacent water distribution heads are connected by positioning plates 15, and the two ends of the positioning plates 15 are respectively engaged in the mounting grooves 14 on their respective upper structure 3 side walls.

[0052] In another preferred embodiment, the bottom of the upper structure 3 is provided with a rubber ring embedding groove 16 for placing a water-stop rubber ring.

[0053] The present invention also discloses a fluidized bed reactor based on 3D printed water distribution heads, including a housing 21 and a horizontal partition located inside the housing 21, wherein a plurality of the water distribution head arrays are arranged on the horizontal partition. More specifically, in this embodiment, when the inlet 18 of the water distribution head is located at the bottom, it is a straight pipe water distribution head; when the inlet 18 of the water distribution head is located on the side wall, it is an inclined pipe water distribution head. When the fluidized bed reactor has a single inclined pipe water distribution head or a single straight pipe water distribution head, the fluidized bed reactor includes a housing 21 and a mounting plate 22 located inside the housing 21. The single inclined pipe water distribution head or the single straight pipe water distribution head array is arranged on the mounting plate 22. Specifically, it is achieved by positioning plates 15 being engaged in the mounting grooves 14 of two adjacent water distribution heads. As an example, six mounting grooves 14 are evenly distributed on the outer wall of the upper structure 3 of each water distribution head. Then, the outer periphery of the water distribution head is connected to the six water distribution heads through the positioning plates 15. Of course, the number of mounting grooves 14 can also be three, four, or eight, etc.

[0054] When the fluidized bed reactor is equipped with a dual-combination water distribution head consisting of inclined tube water distribution head and straight tube water distribution head, the fluidized bed reactor includes a shell 21 and a first horizontal partition 23 and a second horizontal partition 24 disposed within the shell 21. The first horizontal partition 23 is located above the second horizontal partition 24. The first horizontal partition 23 and the top of the shell 21 form a fluidization zone, and an upper pressure water inlet chamber is formed between the first horizontal partition 23 and the second horizontal partition 24. The second horizontal partition 24 and the bottom of the shell 21 form a lower pressure water inlet chamber. Both the first horizontal partition 23 and the second horizontal partition 24 are provided with mounting holes for installing the water distribution head. The upper structure 3 of the water distribution head body 1 is located above the first horizontal partition 23, and the lower end of the mounting connecting column 2 extends through to the lower part of the second horizontal partition 24. When the water inlet 18 is located on the side wall of the mounting connecting column 2, the water inlet 18 is located between the first horizontal partition 23 and the second horizontal partition 24, forming an upper pressure water inlet chamber.

[0055] In this embodiment, the inclined tube water distribution head is connected to the upper pressure water inlet chamber, and the straight tube water distribution head is connected to the lower pressure water inlet chamber. The water entering the lower pressure water inlet chamber connected to the straight tube water distribution head is generally pretreated raw sewage, while the water entering the upper pressure water inlet chamber connected to the inclined tube water distribution head is generally the upper effluent return water that has been treated once by the fluidized bed.

[0056] Based on fluid dynamics simulation analysis, this embodiment also conducts multi-condition comparative optimization of the structural design of the mixing cavity 5 and the movable guide vane 8 of the upper structure 3 of the water distribution head. In this embodiment, during water inflow, the inner cavity of the movable guide vane 8, the mixing cavity 5, the outlet channel 6, and the inlet channel 4 together constitute the fluid flow cavity. This embodiment uses Ansys-Fluent software to model the fluid flow cavity with seven top shapes (hemispherical, semi-concave spherical, semi-ellipsoidal, semi-concave ellipsoidal, frustum, concave frustum, and circular plane), controlling the fluid volume to be 31808.6 mm³, using the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and standard wall functions, and setting unified boundary conditions (inlet velocity 1). Simulations (using parameters such as m / s, turbulence intensity 5%, and outlet backflow intensity 5%) yielded the following conclusions: Various shaped cavities create a central dead zone upon impact with the top, leading to uneven velocity distribution and significant fluctuations at outlet 7; the concave structures of semi-concave spheres and semi-concave ellipsoids reduce the dispersion efficiency of the water flow along the wall, resulting in the coexistence of local high-velocity regions and dead zones; the hemispherical and semi-ellipsoidal water flow exhibits a meandering path after impact, prolonging the distance from the impact wall to the outlet channel; the flat top of a frustum-shaped structure causes excessively rapid jet energy dissipation and poor outlet velocity stability; the concave design of a concave frustum-shaped structure increases reverse eddies in the water flow, leading to excessive local turbulence intensity; the completely planar structure of a circular plane causes direct jet reflection, resulting in a significant central dead zone and an extremely uneven velocity field. To address these issues, Figure 19i achieves performance breakthroughs through the following innovative designs: 1. Top protrusion point design: A micro protrusion point is added to the top of the 8-chamber active guide tube to effectively disperse the impact energy of the flow and eliminate the dead zone in the top center; 2. Flow path optimization: The distance from the impact wall to the outlet channel is shortened, reducing energy loss and improving the continuity of the flow channel; 3. Composite curved surface structure: Integrating the characteristics of an ellipsoid and a frustum, balancing water diffusion and guiding efficiency, and improving the uniformity of turbulent kinetic energy distribution. Simulation results show that... Figure 19 The flow field uniformity of design i is significantly better than that of the comparative design, the dead zone area is reduced to less than 5% (the original blue area is reduced by 90%), and the standard deviation of the outlet flow velocity is reduced from 0.32 m / s in the initial design to 0.08 m / s, thus improving stability. In addition, its pressure loss is reduced, verifying the comprehensive advantages of structural optimization. Figure 19 Through structural innovation and flow channel optimization, i systematically solves the shortcomings of traditional designs, and performs optimally in dead zone control, flow velocity uniformity and energy efficiency, providing a reliable basis for high-performance design of water distribution heads.

[0057] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A water distribution head based on 3D printing, characterized in that, Formed by 3D printing, including: The main body of the water distribution head includes a mounting connecting column and an upper structure connected sequentially from bottom to top. The mounting connecting column has a water inlet channel, with the inlet located at the bottom or side wall of the mounting connecting column. The upper structure has an internal mixing chamber, the bottom of which communicates with the water inlet channel. Multiple water outlet channels communicating with the mixing chamber are evenly distributed on the inner side wall of the mixing chamber, with the outlet channels inclined and their outlets located at the lower end. The upper structure is self-contained. A curved cone structure with diameters increasing from top to bottom, wherein the generatrix of the curved cone structure is an inwardly concave arc with the opening facing outward. The curved cone structure is formed by rotating a concave arc segment of a parabola, circle, or ellipse around a central axis. When the generatrix is ​​a concave arc segment of a parabola, the ratio of its focal length f to the radius of rotation R of the curved cone structure is 0.1~0.2; when the generatrix is ​​a concave arc segment of an ellipse, the ratio of its major and minor axis radii is 1~2; when the generatrix is ​​a concave arc segment of a circle, the ratio of its arc radius r to the radius of rotation R is 0.5~1. The movable guide is a cover structure, and the top of the chamber of the cover structure has a protrusion structure that protrudes into the chamber. The movable guide is located in the mixing chamber and above the water inlet channel. When the water inlet channel is not filled with water, the movable guide covers the water inlet channel, and the side wall of the movable guide isolates the water inlet channel from each water outlet channel. When the water inlet channel is filled with water, the movable guide moves upward under the impact of the water flow, and the water inlet channel connects with the water outlet channel.

2. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The active guide is provided with multiple limiting protrusions along the circumferential direction on the outside, and the mixing cavity is provided with a longitudinal guide groove that matches the limiting protrusions. The limiting protrusions are slidably connected to the longitudinal guide groove.

3. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mixing chamber is provided with a receiving groove, and the inner wall of the movable guide is provided with a limiting protrusion. When the movable guide is closed on the water inlet channel, the limiting protrusion is located in the receiving groove.

4. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The active guide vane material is determined based on the main material of the water distribution head, and the density of the active guide vane material is less than or equal to 2500 kg / m³. 3 The hardness of the active guide material is less than or equal to that of the main material of the water distribution head.

5. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central axis of the hybrid cavity, the central axis of the movable guide vane and the central axis of the water inlet channel all coincide with the central axis of the upper structure and the mounting and connecting column.

6. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The connection between the mixing chamber and the water inlet channel outlet is a funnel-shaped transition zone, the size of which increases sequentially from the water inlet channel outlet toward the mixing chamber.

7. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the water outlet channel and the central axis of the water distribution head is greater than or equal to 15° and less than or equal to 60°.

8. The 3D-printed water distribution head as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The upper structure is also evenly provided with mounting grooves on its side wall. Two adjacent water distribution heads are connected by positioning plates, and the two ends of the positioning plates are respectively locked in the mounting grooves on their respective upper structure side walls.

9. A fluidized bed reactor comprising the 3D-printed water distribution head according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It includes a housing and a horizontal partition located within the housing, with several of the water distribution head arrays arranged on the horizontal partition.

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