A combined efficient hole-reducing blasting method and system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of blasting data analysis, and discloses a combined efficient hole-reducing blasting method and system. The method comprises the following steps: extracting a surrounding rock strength parameter set through rock physical property testing, calculating a wedge-shaped cutting hole cutting angle and an extrapolation distance based on the parameter set, coupling and analyzing the cutting angle and a surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain a minimum net distance threshold parameter, optimizing high-energy hole space arrangement according to the extrapolation distance and the net distance threshold to obtain a coordinate matrix, and configuring a charging structure through a segmented charging algorithm to obtain a charging amount distribution sequence. The application solves the technical problems of poor blasting effect, large number of blast holes and low tunneling efficiency in traditional straight-hole cutting blasting in deep roadway tunneling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blasting data analysis technology, and in particular to a combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Deep tunneling blasting technology is one of the core technologies in underground engineering construction. Traditional straight-hole cut-and-swap blasting involves drilling vertical blast holes at the tunnel face, creating a free face using a central hollow hole or wedge-shaped cut, and then detonating surrounding auxiliary blast holes to achieve rock breaking and tunnel excavation. This technology is widely used in shallow and medium-depth tunnel excavation, with relatively mature technology, simple operation, and the ability to meet the excavation needs under general geological conditions.

[0003] However, with increasing mining depth, the geological environment faced by deep tunnel excavation becomes more complex, and the stress state and physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock change significantly. Traditional straight-hole cut-and-cover blasting methods reveal obvious technical shortcomings. First, the cross-section of deep tunnels is relatively small, while the confinement effect of the surrounding rock is significantly enhanced, resulting in limited propagation of blasting stress waves, a marked decrease in cut-and-cover effect, and difficulty in forming an effective free face. Second, to compensate for the insufficient cut-and-cover effect, a large number of additional blast holes are required, significantly increasing drilling workload, reducing construction efficiency, and resulting in excessively high explosive consumption and poor economic viability. Furthermore, due to the limited cut-and-cover depth, the excavation advance per blast is short, failing to meet the engineering requirements for rapid excavation of deep tunnels.

[0004] Based on existing straight-hole cut-out technology, how to enhance the cut-out effect by improving the geometry and arrangement of cut-out holes, how to reduce the number of drill holes by optimizing the configuration of blast hole space, how to improve blasting efficiency by improving the charge structure, and how to achieve efficient and rapid tunneling of deep roadways through systematic parameter optimization remain key technical challenges that urgently need to be solved in the current blasting technology field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method and system, which solves the technical problems of poor effect, large number of blast holes, and low tunneling efficiency of traditional straight-hole slotting blasting in deep tunnel excavation.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method, which includes: extracting geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters; calculating the geometric parameters of wedge-shaped cut holes based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance; performing coupled analysis on the cut angle and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain a minimum net distance threshold parameter; optimizing the spatial arrangement of high-energy holes based on the extrapolation distance and the minimum net distance threshold parameter to obtain a high-energy hole coordinate matrix; and configuring the high-energy hole coordinate matrix into a charge structure using a segmented charge algorithm to obtain a charge distribution sequence.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting system, the combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting system comprising:

[0008] The extraction module is used to extract geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing, and obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters;

[0009] The calculation module is used to calculate the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, and to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance.

[0010] The coupling module is used to perform coupled analysis and processing of the cutting angle and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter.

[0011] The optimization module is used to optimize the spatial arrangement of high-energy apertures based on extrapolation distance and minimum net distance threshold parameters, and obtain the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix.

[0012] The configuration module is used to configure the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix for charge structure using a segmented charge algorithm, thereby obtaining a charge distribution sequence.

[0013] Thirdly, a combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting device is provided, comprising: a memory and at least one processor, wherein the memory stores instructions; the at least one processor invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting device to execute the above-described combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method.

[0014] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein instructions are stored therein, which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method.

[0015] The technical solution provided in this application extracts geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters. This allows blasting design to accurately adapt to complex geological conditions in deep areas, avoiding the blindness and reliance on experience in parameter selection in traditional methods. Based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, the technical characteristics of the wedge-shaped cut hole are calculated to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance. This changes the geometry of traditional straight-hole cuts; the wedge structure can more effectively utilize the stress field distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock, forming a larger free surface and significantly improving the cut effect. The technical measure of coupling the cut angle with the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter ensures the scientific configuration of the blast hole spacing. This avoids excessive damage to the surrounding rock caused by mutual interference between blast holes while ensuring sufficient blasting strength, achieving the optimal balance between surrounding rock protection and rock breaking efficiency. An innovative design of the high-energy hole coordinate matrix was obtained by optimizing the spatial arrangement of high-energy holes based on extrapolation distance and minimum net distance threshold parameters. By placing high-energy holes at key locations in the gap between the cut holes, the "bulging" phenomenon commonly seen in traditional cut blasting was effectively eliminated, while the effective throwing of broken rock was achieved, reducing the need for secondary crushing. The high-energy hole coordinate matrix was configured with a segmented charging algorithm to obtain the technical characteristics of the charge distribution sequence, achieving refined control of the charge structure. Different explosives with different yields were used at different depths, optimizing the distribution and utilization of explosive energy and improving overall blasting efficiency.

[0016] In the specific application field of deep tunnel excavation, the key algorithmic features adopted in this application, such as the blasting stress wave propagation model, spatial optimization algorithm, and segmented charging algorithm, have made significant contributions to the technical solution. The blasting stress wave propagation model, by accurately calculating the propagation characteristics of stress waves in complex surrounding rock, provides a theoretical basis for the geometric parameter design of wedge-shaped cut holes, making the determination of the cut angle and extrapolation distance more scientific and reasonable, avoiding the arbitrariness of parameter selection in traditional methods. The spatial optimization algorithm, through multi-objective optimization iteration, achieves the optimal configuration of high-energy hole positions under the premise of meeting safety constraints, significantly reducing the number of required blast holes, reducing drilling workload, and improving construction efficiency. The segmented charging algorithm, through segmented optimization design of the charging structure, achieves precise matching of explosive type and charge quantity, ensuring both sufficient fracturing of deep rock and effective throwing of fractured rock, reducing explosive consumption per unit and lowering engineering costs. The synergistic effect of these algorithmic features enables this application to achieve efficient and rapid excavation of deep tunnels while ensuring the stability of the surrounding rock. It solves the technical problems faced by traditional straight-hole blasting technology under complex geological conditions and provides important technical support for the construction of deep underground engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method in this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting system in this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of the combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] This application provides a combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting method and system. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data used can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" or "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] For ease of understanding, the specific process of the embodiments of this application is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 One embodiment of the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method in this application includes:

[0023] Step S101: Extract geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters;

[0024] Step S102: Calculate the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance;

[0025] Step S103: Couple the cutting angle with the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter.

[0026] Step S104: Optimize the spatial arrangement of high-energy apertures based on extrapolation distance and minimum net distance threshold parameters to obtain the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix;

[0027] Step S105: Configure the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix for charge structure using the segmented charge algorithm to obtain the charge amount distribution sequence.

[0028] It is understood that the executing entity of this application can be a combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting system, or it can be a terminal or a server; no specific limitation is made here. This application's embodiment uses a server as the executing entity for illustration.

[0029] Specifically, the rock property testing first involves conducting uniaxial compressive strength tests on the surrounding rock of deep tunnels to obtain the rock compressive strength value as a basic parameter. Then, this value is input into an acoustic wave tester to determine the rock elastic modulus parameter. Based on the elastic modulus parameter, the density coefficient of the development status of joints and fissures in the surrounding rock is statistically analyzed. Finally, the rock compressive strength value and the fissure density coefficient are combined to evaluate the geostress distribution characteristics and form a set of surrounding rock strength parameters.

[0030] The set of surrounding rock strength parameters is input into the blasting stress wave propagation model to calculate the propagation path and energy distribution of the stress wave in the surrounding rock, obtaining the stress wave propagation coefficient. Based on this coefficient, energy dissipation analysis is performed on the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped cut hole to determine the optimal cut angle that can form the best free surface. The geometric projection of the radial extension range of the wedge-shaped cut hole is calculated according to the optimal cut angle, obtaining the radial projection parameters. Finally, the radial projection parameters are coupled with the set of surrounding rock strength parameters to determine the specific values ​​of the cut angle and the extrapolation distance.

[0031] A three-dimensional spatial mapping of the surrounding rock stress distribution state is performed based on the cut angle to establish a stress distribution matrix. This matrix is ​​then multiplied with the surrounding rock containment coefficient to calculate the stress superposition effect coefficient between boreholes. Based on this coefficient, fracture mechanics analysis is performed on the surrounding rock damage accumulation mechanism to obtain damage threshold parameters. Finally, the safety boundary of the borehole spacing is calculated in conjunction with the cut angle to determine the minimum net distance threshold parameter.

[0032] Spatial geometric modeling of the boundary of the wedge-shaped slotted fractured area is performed based on extrapolation distance to obtain the contour parameters of the fractured area. A set of constraints is constructed using these parameters and a minimum net distance threshold parameter. The three-dimensional coordinates of the slotted hole gap positions are calculated based on this constraint set, resulting in a sequence of candidate position coordinates. A spatial optimization algorithm is used to iteratively calculate the candidate positions, and the optimal arrangement of the high-energy holes is determined by combining the extrapolation distance, forming a high-energy hole coordinate matrix.

[0033] Based on the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, the depth positions of each high-energy pore are segmented into intervals to obtain pore depth segment parameters. These parameters are input into the charge density calculation model, and the corresponding explosive type is matched according to the rock-breaking requirements of different depth segments to obtain the segmented explosive ratio coefficient. Based on this coefficient, the plugging length of the high-energy pore charge structure is optimized, the plugging structure parameters are calculated, and finally, the charge amount is allocated to each pore by combining the plugging structure parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix to form a charge amount distribution sequence.

[0034] In one specific embodiment, the process of performing step S101 may specifically include the following steps:

[0035] Uniaxial compressive strength test was performed on the surrounding rock of the deep tunnel to obtain the rock compressive strength value;

[0036] The rock compressive strength value is input into an acoustic wave tester to determine the rock elastic modulus, and the elastic modulus parameter is obtained.

[0037] Based on the elastic modulus parameter, the density of the surrounding rock joints and fractures is statistically processed to obtain the fracture density coefficient.

[0038] A comprehensive evaluation of the geostress distribution characteristics is conducted based on the rock compressive strength value and fracture density coefficient to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters.

[0039] Specifically, the data processing flow for extracting geological parameters of surrounding rock in deep tunnels begins with uniaxial compressive strength testing. This test applies gradually increasing axial loads to a standard rock sample using a press until failure, records the maximum load value at failure, and then divides it by the sample's cross-sectional area to obtain the rock's compressive strength value, which reflects the surrounding rock's ability to withstand compressive stress. An acoustic wave tester transmits ultrasonic pulses through the rock sample, measures the sound wave propagation time and distance, calculates the sound wave velocity, and then, combined with rock density and Poisson's ratio parameters, calculates the elastic modulus parameter using elastic wave theory formulas. This parameter characterizes the deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock. The elastic modulus parameter is used as input data for density statistical processing of the development of joints and fractures in the surrounding rock. First, surrounding rock samples are obtained through core drilling, and the distribution of fractures is observed under a microscope. The number and length of fractures per unit volume are counted, and the total fracture length is divided by the rock volume to obtain the fracture linear density. Then, combined with fracture width and connectivity parameters, a weighted average algorithm is used to calculate the fracture density coefficient, which quantifies the integrity of the surrounding rock structure.

[0040] The comprehensive assessment of geostress distribution characteristics uses the rock compressive strength and fracture density coefficient as input parameters. First, a stress-strength relationship model is established, comparing the compressive strength of the surrounding rock with the vertical stress generated by the burial depth, and calculating the stress concentration coefficient. Then, the influence of the fracture density coefficient on stress transmission is considered, and the theoretical calculation value is adjusted by the correction coefficient. Finally, the influence of tectonic stress and residual stress is combined, and a set of surrounding rock strength parameters is obtained through multiple regression analysis. This set includes key parameters such as the bearing capacity, deformation modulus, and internal friction angle of the surrounding rock.

[0041] In one specific embodiment, the process of performing step S102 may specifically include the following steps:

[0042] The set of surrounding rock strength parameters is input into the blasting stress wave propagation model to calculate the stress wave propagation path and obtain the stress wave propagation coefficient.

[0043] Energy dissipation analysis was performed on the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the stress wave propagation coefficient to obtain the optimal cut angle.

[0044] Geometric projection calculations are performed on the radial expansion range of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the optimal cut angle to obtain the radial projection parameters.

[0045] The radial projection parameters are coupled with the set of surrounding rock strength parameters to obtain the slotting angle and extrapolation distance.

[0046] Specifically, the data processing flow for calculating the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole begins with the blasting stress wave propagation model. This model uses parameters such as bearing capacity, deformation modulus, and internal friction angle from the set of surrounding rock strength parameters as input variables, and calculates the propagation characteristics of the blast shock wave in the surrounding rock through wave dynamics theory. The model first takes the square root of the ratio of the surrounding rock deformation modulus to density to obtain the longitudinal wave propagation velocity. Then, it multiplies this velocity by the surrounding rock impedance coefficient and divides it by the blast energy density to calculate the stress wave propagation coefficient. This coefficient characterizes the degree of attenuation and diffusion of the stress wave in the surrounding rock.

[0047] Energy dissipation analysis of wedge-shaped cut-out holes at different inclination angles is performed based on the stress wave propagation coefficient. This analysis combines the stress wave propagation coefficient with the geometric parameters of the cut-out hole and calculates the energy distribution at different inclination angles using the law of conservation of energy. The analysis first calculates the stress wave components in the vertical and horizontal directions, multiplying the stress wave propagation coefficient by the sine and cosine values ​​respectively to obtain the components in each direction. Then, the energy dissipation rate in each direction is calculated. By comparing the total energy dissipation at different angles, the angle with the largest energy dissipation is selected as the optimal cut-out angle, which forms the most effective free surface.

[0048] The radial expansion range of the wedge-shaped cut hole is calculated using geometric projection based on the optimal cut angle. This calculation process uses the optimal cut angle as the projection reference angle and calculates the expansion range of the cut hole in each direction through trigonometric relationships. The calculation process first determines the axial length of the cut hole, then multiplies this length by the tangent of the optimal cut angle to obtain the radial projection length. Next, the radial projection length is divided by the surrounding rock constraint influence coefficient to obtain the actual expansion radius. Finally, the expansion radius is multiplied by the circumferential angle of the cut hole to obtain the radial projection parameter, which describes the spatial distribution characteristics of the fractured area of ​​the wedge-shaped cut hole.

[0049] The coupled computation of radial projection parameters and surrounding rock strength parameters is achieved through multivariate regression analysis. This computation uses the radial projection parameters as geometric constraints and the surrounding rock strength parameters as physical constraints to establish a coupled equation set. The computation process first multiplies the radial projection parameters by the surrounding rock bearing capacity to obtain the bearing constraint coefficient. Then, it divides this coefficient by the deformation modulus to obtain the deformation constraint coefficient. Next, it performs a trigonometric function operation between the deformation constraint coefficient and the internal friction angle to obtain the stability constraint coefficient. Finally, by solving the coupled equation set, the precise value of the cutting angle and the specific length of the extrapolated distance are obtained.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the process of performing step S103 may specifically include the following steps:

[0051] The stress distribution matrix is ​​obtained by performing three-dimensional spatial mapping on the stress distribution state of the surrounding rock based on the slotting angle.

[0052] The stress distribution matrix and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient are multiplied by matrix to obtain the stress superposition effect coefficient between blast holes.

[0053] Based on the stress superposition effect coefficient between blast holes, the damage accumulation mechanism of the surrounding rock was analyzed by fracture mechanics to obtain the damage threshold parameter.

[0054] The minimum net distance threshold parameter is obtained by calculating the safety boundary of the borehole spacing based on the damage threshold parameter and the slotting angle.

[0055] Specifically, the data processing flow for the minimum clearance optimization design between blast holes is based on the three-dimensional spatial mapping of the surrounding rock stress distribution state according to the cut angle. This mapping process uses the cut angle as the reference angle of the spatial coordinate system and quantifies the stress distribution state in the surrounding rock by establishing a three-dimensional mesh model. The mapping process first converts the cut angle into spatial direction cosines, calculates the stress components in each direction, and then fills the stress values ​​into a three-dimensional matrix according to the spatial coordinate position to form a stress distribution matrix. This matrix records the stress magnitude and direction information of each spatial point in the surrounding rock.

[0056] The stress distribution matrix and the surrounding rock constraint coefficient are subjected to matrix multiplication. This operation uses the surrounding rock constraint coefficient as a correction factor, multiplying it by each element of the stress distribution matrix. The surrounding rock constraint coefficient reflects the degree of constraint exerted by the surrounding rock on blasting stress in deep tunnels. The matrix multiplication operation follows linear algebra rules, multiplying each row of the stress distribution matrix element by the corresponding element of the surrounding rock constraint coefficient vector and summing the results to obtain new matrix element values. The result forms the stress superposition effect coefficient between blast holes, which characterizes the intensity of the mutual influence of stress fields during blasting of adjacent blast holes.

[0057] The stress superposition effect coefficient between boreholes is used for fracture mechanics analysis of the damage accumulation mechanism of surrounding rock. This analysis process is based on crack propagation theory to calculate the degree of damage to the surrounding rock under repeated stress. The analysis first compares the stress superposition effect coefficient with the tensile strength of the surrounding rock. When the coefficient exceeds the tensile strength, the damage increment is calculated. Then, the damage increment is superimposed according to the fatigue accumulation law to calculate the total damage degree. Finally, the damage threshold parameter is determined based on the critical relationship between the damage degree and the failure of the surrounding rock. This parameter represents the critical condition for the beginning of microcrack propagation in the surrounding rock.

[0058] Damage threshold parameters and cut angles are used to calculate the safety boundary between blast holes. This calculation process determines the minimum safe distance between blast holes through geometric relationships and mechanical equilibrium conditions. The calculation process first determines the main direction of stress propagation based on the cut angle. Then, the damage threshold parameter is used as a constraint to calculate the distance required for stress to decay to a safe level under this constraint. The influence of blast hole diameter and charge amount is then considered for correction, and finally, the minimum net distance threshold parameter is obtained. This parameter ensures that excessive damage to the surrounding rock will not occur when adjacent blast holes are blasted.

[0059] In one specific embodiment, the process of executing step S104 may specifically include the following steps:

[0060] Spatial geometric modeling of the boundary of the wedge-shaped slotted crushing area is performed based on extrapolation distance to obtain the contour parameters of the crushing area.

[0061] The constraint conditions are constructed by combining the contour parameters of the broken region with the minimum net distance threshold parameters to obtain the high-energy pore arrangement constraint set.

[0062] The three-dimensional coordinates of the slot hole gap positions are calculated based on the high-energy hole arrangement constraint set to obtain the candidate position coordinate sequence;

[0063] The high-energy aperture coordinate matrix is ​​obtained by iterative processing of the spatial optimization algorithm based on the candidate position coordinate sequence and extrapolation distance.

[0064] Specifically, the data processing flow for optimizing the spatial arrangement of high-energy borehole locations is based on extrapolation distance to perform spatial geometric modeling of the boundary of the wedge-shaped cut-out fractured area. This modeling process uses the extrapolation distance as a radius parameter to establish a three-dimensional spatial model centered on the cut-out location. The modeling process first calculates the fracture cone along the axis of the cut-out, multiplies the extrapolation distance by the tangent of the cut-out angle to obtain the radius of the cone's base, then determines the irregular boundary shape of the fractured area based on the surrounding rock fracture mechanism, and connects the key boundary points using a spline interpolation algorithm to form a smooth curve, finally obtaining the contour parameters of the fractured area. These parameters include the coordinates of the control points and curvature information of the boundary curve.

[0065] The constraints for the fractured region contour parameters and the minimum clearance threshold parameter are constructed by converting the two parameters into mathematical inequality constraints. First, the fractured region contour parameters are expressed as boundary functions of the spatial region; any coordinate must be outside this boundary to satisfy the first constraint. Then, the minimum clearance threshold parameter is expressed as a distance constraint function; the Euclidean distance between any two boreholes must be greater than this threshold to satisfy the second constraint. The two constraints are combined using a logical AND operation to form a high-energy borehole arrangement constraint set, which defines the feasible region of the high-energy borehole locations.

[0066] The high-energy hole arrangement constraint set is used for the three-dimensional coordinate calculation of the gap location of the cut holes. This calculation process determines the coordinates of the gap region between the cut holes through spatial geometric analysis. The calculation process first identifies the intermediate region between adjacent cut holes, calculates the coordinates of the geometric center point of this region, and then checks whether the center point satisfies all the constraints in the constraint set. If it does, the point is added to the coordinate sequence as a candidate position. If it does not satisfy the constraints, the point is moved away from the fractured area until the constraints are satisfied. This process is repeated to traverse all gap regions of the cut holes, and finally a candidate position coordinate sequence is obtained. This sequence contains all potential high-energy hole arrangement positions that satisfy the constraints.

[0067] The candidate location coordinate sequence and extrapolated distance are used for iterative processing in a spatial optimization algorithm, which employs a genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization calculations. The iterative process first encodes each location in the candidate location coordinate sequence as a chromosome, establishing an initial population. Then, a fitness function is defined, using the distance between high-energy pores and slotted pores, the uniformity of distribution among high-energy pores, and the satisfaction of extrapolated distance constraints as evaluation indicators. The fitness value of each chromosome is calculated through weighted summation. Next, selection, crossover, and mutation operations are performed to generate a new generation of population. This iterative process is repeated until the fitness value converges or the maximum number of iterations is reached. Finally, the chromosome with the highest fitness is selected to decode the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, which records the precise spatial location of each high-energy pore.

[0068] In one specific embodiment, the process of executing step S105 may specifically include the following steps:

[0069] Based on the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, the depth position of each high-energy pore is divided into segments to obtain the pore depth segmentation parameters.

[0070] The hole depth segmentation parameters are input into the charge density calculation model for explosive type matching processing to obtain the segmented explosive ratio coefficient;

[0071] Based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient, the plugging length of the high-energy-hole charge structure is optimized by calculation, and the plugging structure parameters are obtained.

[0072] Based on the blockage structure parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, the charge amount is distributed per pore to obtain the charge amount distribution sequence.

[0073] Specifically, the data processing flow for the high-energy borehole charging structure configuration is based on the high-energy borehole coordinate matrix, which divides the depth position of each high-energy borehole into segments. This segmentation process divides the depth of each high-energy borehole into different segments according to the blasting function requirements. The segmentation first extracts the depth coordinate information from the high-energy borehole coordinate matrix, determines the total length of the borehole depth according to the tunnel excavation footage requirements, and then divides the total length into three segments according to the functional division of the bottom rock breaking segment, the middle transition segment, and the borehole opening throwing segment. The bottom segment accounts for 40% of the total length and is used for deep surrounding rock breaking, the middle segment accounts for 30% and is used for energy transfer, and the opening segment accounts for 30% and is used for rock throwing. The start and end positions of each segment form the borehole depth segmentation parameters, which define the functional positioning and length range of different depth segments.

[0074] The parameters for each depth segment are input into the explosive density calculation model for explosive type matching. This model matches the appropriate explosive type and density based on the rock-breaking requirements of different depth segments. The explosive type matching process first analyzes the rock-breaking characteristics of each segment. The bottom segment requires high-power explosives for deep fracturing, and is matched with emulsion explosives with a density of 1.25 g / cm³ and a detonation velocity of 6200 m / s. The middle segment requires standard-power explosives for energy transfer, and is matched with PETN explosives with a density of 1.10 g / cm³ and a detonation velocity of 7300 m / s. The borehole opening segment requires low-density explosives for rock throwing, and is matched with expanded ammonium nitrate explosives with a density of 0.85 g / cm³ and a detonation velocity of 4800 m / s. The ratio of the explosive density of each segment to the standard density is calculated to obtain the segment explosive ratio coefficient, which reflects the relative strength of the explosive charge in each segment.

[0075] The segmented explosive ratio coefficient is used for the optimization calculation of the plugging length in high-energy-hole charge structures. This calculation process determines the corresponding plugging material configuration based on the explosive ratio of different segments. The plugging length optimization calculation first analyzes the gas pressure generated by the explosion of each segment of explosive. The ratio coefficient is multiplied by the standard explosion pressure to obtain the actual explosion pressure. Then, the density requirement of the plugging material is determined according to the pressure magnitude. High-pressure segments are plugged with high-density clay, medium-pressure segments with medium-density sand, and low-pressure segments with low-density wood chips. The density of the plugging material in each segment is directly proportional to the explosive ratio coefficient. The plugging length of each segment is determined through balance calculations to match the plugging resistance with the explosion pressure. Finally, the plugging structure parameters are obtained, which include the type, density distribution, and length configuration of the plugging material in each segment.

[0076] The plugging structure parameters and high-energy hole coordinate matrix are used for hole-by-hole charge allocation. This process calculates the specific charge amount based on the spatial location and plugging configuration of each high-energy hole. Hole-by-hole charge allocation first extracts the spatial coordinates of each hole from the high-energy hole coordinate matrix, calculates the distance relationship between the hole and the cut hole, and determines that holes closer to the cut hole require a larger charge to enhance rock-breaking effect, while holes farther away require a smaller charge to avoid over-blasting. Then, the effective charge space is calculated based on the length of each segment in the plugging structure parameters. The effective charge space is multiplied by the explosive density of the corresponding segment to obtain the charge weight of each segment. The charge weights of each segment are summed to obtain the total charge amount for a single hole. This process is repeated to calculate the charge amount for all high-energy holes, ultimately forming a charge distribution sequence. This sequence records the charge amount value for each high-energy hole.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, the process of performing the optimization calculation of the plugging length of the high-energy-hole charge structure based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient can specifically include the following steps:

[0078] Based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient, the expansion pressure of the explosion products is calculated using fluid dynamics to obtain the expansion pressure gradient parameters.

[0079] The pressure gradient parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix are subjected to pore size constraint analysis to obtain the pressure conduction impedance coefficient.

[0080] Based on the pressure conduction impedance coefficient, the density distribution of the plugging material is gradually optimized to obtain a hierarchical plugging density sequence.

[0081] The blocking length is calculated iteratively based on the hierarchical blocking density sequence and the segmented explosive ratio coefficient to obtain the blocking structure parameters.

[0082] Specifically, the data processing flow for optimizing the high-energy orifice plugging length is based on fluid dynamics calculations of the expansion pressure of the explosion products using the segmented explosive ratio coefficient. This calculation process treats the explosive explosion as an expansion process of a high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The fluid dynamics calculation first multiplies the segmented explosive ratio coefficient by the explosive energy per unit volume to obtain the actual released energy. Then, it calculates the initial pressure and temperature of the explosion products according to the ideal gas law. Next, it considers the adiabatic expansion process of the explosion products within the orifice, calculating the pressure change rate during the expansion process using the continuity equation and the law of conservation of momentum. The distribution curve of the pressure change rate along the orifice axis is numerically integrated to obtain the expansion pressure gradient parameter, which characterizes the pressure decrease law of the explosion products from the bottom to the orifice opening.

[0083] Aperture constraint analysis was performed using the expansion pressure gradient parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, taking into account the constraint effect of the pore size on pressure transmission. The aperture constraint analysis first extracts the geometric parameters of each pore from the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, including the pore size and pore axis direction. Then, the flow resistance of the explosion products under different pore sizes is calculated. The expansion pressure gradient parameters are divided by the pore cross-sectional area to obtain the pressure load per unit area, which is then multiplied by the pore wall friction coefficient to obtain the pressure loss. The initial pressure is subtracted from the pressure loss to obtain the effective transmitted pressure. Finally, the effective transmitted pressure is normalized with the pore geometric parameters to obtain the pressure transmission impedance coefficient, which reflects the degree of influence of pore size constraint on pressure propagation.

[0084] The pressure conduction impedance coefficient is used for the gradual optimization calculation of the density distribution of the plugging material. This calculation process designs the density gradient of the plugging material based on the characteristics of the pressure distribution. The gradual optimization calculation first analyzes the variation trend of the pressure conduction impedance coefficient along the depth direction of the borehole. In high-pressure areas, high-density plugging material is required to withstand greater pressure, while low-density plugging material is used in low-pressure areas to save costs. Then, a linear relationship model between pressure and plugging density is established, using the pressure conduction impedance coefficient as an input variable. The optimal plugging density at each location is calculated through a linear interpolation algorithm, forming a gradual density distribution from the bottom of the borehole to the borehole opening. Finally, a hierarchical plugging density sequence is obtained, which contains the plugging material density values ​​corresponding to different depth locations.

[0085] A graded blocking density sequence and segmented explosive ratio coefficients are used for iterative calculation of blocking length. This process solves for the optimal blocking length configuration through numerical iteration. The iterative calculation process first sets an initial blocking length distribution, then calculates the explosion pressure of each segment based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficients. The explosion pressure is multiplied by the blocking density of the corresponding segment to obtain the resistance force per unit length. Next, the balance between the total resistance force and the total explosion force is calculated. If the resistance force is insufficient, the blocking length is increased; if the resistance force is too large, the blocking length is decreased. This process is repeated until the resistance force and the explosion force reach a balance. After convergence, the optimal blocking length of each segment is obtained, and finally, blocking structure parameters are formed. These parameters contain information on the type, density, and length configuration of the blocking material in each segment.

[0086] The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method in the embodiments of this application has been described above. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting system in the embodiments of this application is described below. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 One embodiment of the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting system in this application includes:

[0087] The extraction module is used to extract geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing, and obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters;

[0088] The calculation module is used to calculate the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, and to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance.

[0089] The coupling module is used to perform coupled analysis and processing of the cutting angle and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter.

[0090] The optimization module is used to optimize the spatial arrangement of high-energy apertures based on extrapolation distance and minimum net distance threshold parameters, and obtain the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix.

[0091] The configuration module is used to configure the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix for charge structure using a segmented charge algorithm, thereby obtaining a charge distribution sequence.

[0092] above Figure 2 The combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting system in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of modular functional entities. The combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting equipment in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail from the perspective of hardware processing.

[0093] Reference Figure 3 This invention also provides a combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting device, which can be a server, and its internal structure can be as follows: Figure 3As shown, this combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting device includes a processor, memory, display screen, input device, network interface, and database connected via a system bus. The processor in this computer design provides computing and control capabilities. The memory of this combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting device includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system, computer programs, and database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of this combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting device stores the data corresponding to this embodiment. The network interface of this combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting device is used for communication with external terminals via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the above-described method.

[0094] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 3 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present invention and does not constitute a limitation on the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting device to which the present invention is applied.

[0095] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium or a volatile computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform the steps of the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method.

[0096] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a combined high-efficiency hole-reducing blasting device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0098] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method, characterized in that, The method includes: Geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels are extracted by rock physical property testing to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters; Based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole are calculated to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance; The minimum net distance threshold parameter is obtained by coupling the cutting angle with the surrounding rock confinement coefficient. The spatial arrangement of high-energy boreholes is optimized based on extrapolation distance and minimum clearance threshold parameters to obtain a high-energy borehole coordinate matrix. This includes: spatial geometric modeling of the boundary of the wedge-shaped slotted crushing region based on extrapolation distance to obtain the contour parameters of the crushing region; constraint construction of the crushing region contour parameters and minimum clearance threshold parameters to obtain a high-energy borehole arrangement constraint set; three-dimensional coordinate calculation of the slotted borehole gap positions based on the high-energy borehole arrangement constraint set to obtain a candidate position coordinate sequence; and iterative processing of the spatial optimization algorithm based on the candidate position coordinate sequence and extrapolation distance to obtain the high-energy borehole coordinate matrix. The high-energy aperture coordinate matrix is ​​configured using a segmented loading algorithm to obtain a loading quantity distribution sequence.

2. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves extracting geological parameters from the surrounding rock of deep tunnels through rock property testing, resulting in a set of surrounding rock strength parameters, including: Uniaxial compressive strength test was performed on the surrounding rock of the deep tunnel to obtain the rock compressive strength value; The rock compressive strength value is input into an acoustic wave tester to determine the rock elastic modulus, and the elastic modulus parameter is obtained. Based on the elastic modulus parameter, the density of the surrounding rock joints and fractures is statistically processed to obtain the fracture density coefficient. A comprehensive evaluation of the geostress distribution characteristics is conducted based on the rock compressive strength value and fracture density coefficient to obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters.

3. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of geometric parameters for the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance, includes: The set of surrounding rock strength parameters is input into the blasting stress wave propagation model to calculate the stress wave propagation path and obtain the stress wave propagation coefficient. Energy dissipation analysis was performed on the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the stress wave propagation coefficient to obtain the optimal cut angle. Geometric projection calculations are performed on the radial expansion range of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the optimal cut angle to obtain the radial projection parameters. The radial projection parameters are coupled with the set of surrounding rock strength parameters to obtain the slotting angle and extrapolation distance.

4. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupling analysis of the cutting angle and the surrounding rock confinement coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter includes: The stress distribution matrix is ​​obtained by performing three-dimensional spatial mapping on the stress distribution state of the surrounding rock based on the slotting angle. The stress distribution matrix and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient are multiplied by matrix to obtain the stress superposition effect coefficient between blast holes. Based on the stress superposition effect coefficient between blast holes, the damage accumulation mechanism of the surrounding rock was analyzed by fracture mechanics to obtain the damage threshold parameter. The minimum net distance threshold parameter is obtained by calculating the safety boundary of the borehole spacing based on the damage threshold parameter and the slotting angle.

5. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of configuring the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix using a segmented loading algorithm to obtain a loading amount distribution sequence includes: Based on the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, the depth position of each high-energy pore is divided into segments to obtain the pore depth segmentation parameters. The hole depth segmentation parameters are input into the charge density calculation model for explosive type matching processing to obtain the segmented explosive ratio coefficient; Based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient, the plugging length of the high-energy-hole charge structure is optimized by calculation, and the plugging structure parameters are obtained. Based on the blockage structure parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix, the charge amount is distributed per pore to obtain the charge amount distribution sequence.

6. The combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The process of optimizing the plugging length of the high-energy-hole charge structure based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient yields the plugging structure parameters, including: Based on the segmented explosive ratio coefficient, the expansion pressure of the explosion products is calculated using fluid dynamics to obtain the expansion pressure gradient parameters. The pressure gradient parameters and the high-energy pore coordinate matrix are subjected to pore size constraint analysis to obtain the pressure conduction impedance coefficient. Based on the pressure conduction impedance coefficient, the density distribution of the plugging material is gradually optimized to obtain a hierarchical plugging density sequence. The blocking length is calculated iteratively based on the hierarchical blocking density sequence and the segmented explosive ratio coefficient to obtain the blocking structure parameters.

7. A combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting system, characterized in that, For implementing the combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting method as described in any one of claims 1-6, the combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting system comprises: The extraction module is used to extract geological parameters of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels through rock property testing, and obtain a set of surrounding rock strength parameters; The calculation module is used to calculate the geometric parameters of the wedge-shaped cut hole based on the set of surrounding rock strength parameters, and to obtain the cut angle and extrapolation distance. The coupling module is used to perform coupled analysis and processing of the cutting angle and the surrounding rock clamping coefficient to obtain the minimum net distance threshold parameter. The optimization module is used to optimize the spatial arrangement of high-energy holes based on extrapolation distance and minimum net distance threshold parameters to obtain a high-energy hole coordinate matrix. This includes: performing spatial geometric modeling of the boundary of the wedge-shaped slotted fractured area based on extrapolation distance to obtain the fractured area contour parameters; constructing constraint conditions between the fractured area contour parameters and the minimum net distance threshold parameters to obtain a high-energy hole arrangement constraint set; calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the slotted hole gap positions based on the high-energy hole arrangement constraint set to obtain a candidate position coordinate sequence; and iteratively processing the spatial optimization algorithm based on the candidate position coordinate sequence and extrapolation distance to obtain the high-energy hole coordinate matrix. The configuration module is used to configure the high-energy aperture coordinate matrix for charge structure using a segmented charge algorithm, thereby obtaining a charge distribution sequence.

8. A combined high-efficiency hole-reduction blasting device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program that can run on the processor, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is run by the processor, it causes the processor to perform the combined high-efficiency hole reduction blasting method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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