A typhoon-affected offshore single-pile foundation wind turbine damage warning method

Abstract

The application provides a typhoon-affected offshore single-pile foundation wind turbine disaster damage early warning method. The method obtains typhoon and sea wave prediction data, combines the specific position, structural characteristics and marine environment parameters of the offshore wind turbine, calculates the disaster risk and vulnerability of the offshore wind turbine, and further evaluates the disaster risk grade of the wind turbine, so as to realize the rapid risk early warning of the disaster damage risk of the offshore single-pile foundation wind turbine under the influence of the extreme weather typhoon, effectively improve the safe operation ability of the offshore wind turbine under the extreme weather condition, provide timely early warning information for the wind farm operator, and reduce potential economic losses and casualties.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of marine engineering and natural disaster early warning technology, and in particular to a method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore wind power, as a clean and renewable energy source, has experienced rapid development globally in recent years. However, offshore wind turbines, especially those using monopile foundations, face increasingly prominent safety concerns under extreme weather conditions due to their unique geographical location and structural characteristics. Particularly in typhoon-prone areas, offshore wind turbines face significant disaster risks, potentially leading to structural damage or even collapse, posing a serious threat to the safe operation of wind farms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid and accurate early warning method capable of accurately predicting the extent of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines before typhoons arrive, enabling timely disaster prevention and mitigation measures to ensure the safe operation of wind farms.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for early warning of damage to offshore wind turbines under typhoon influence are physical model testing and numerical simulation. While physical model testing provides relatively realistic and reliable data, it is time-consuming and costly, making it unsuitable for rapid early warning. Numerical simulation, on the other hand, can predict the disaster risk of offshore wind turbines based on computer technology and numerical models. However, existing numerical simulation methods often overlook the complexity of typhoon processes and the diversity of offshore wind turbine structures, resulting in inaccurate predictions. Furthermore, the computational time is long, failing to meet the need for rapid early warning for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under typhoon influence. Therefore, this invention proposes a new early warning method aimed at improving the accuracy and timeliness of early warnings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons. This method can comprehensively consider dynamic parameters such as typhoon monitoring data and wave monitoring data, as well as the structural characteristics of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. It classifies risks based on hazards and vulnerabilities, establishes a quantitative relationship between disaster-causing factors and wind turbine structural damage, and achieves rapid and accurate early warning.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Collect typhoon forecast data and relevant information on offshore wind turbines, and collect or calculate relevant wave data;

[0008] Step S2: Calculate the disaster risk of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the coupling effect between various disaster-causing factors, and classify the risk level;

[0009] Step S3: Classify the vulnerability level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the wind turbine generator level;

[0010] Step S4: Based on the hazard level and vulnerability level, classify the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0011] Step S5: Conduct risk warning based on the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0013] 1. For offshore monopile foundation wind turbines affected by typhoons, this method comprehensively considers typhoon disaster risks and utilizes advanced risk assessment technologies and monitoring and early warning methods to accurately identify the main disaster-causing factors of typhoons on offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Furthermore, it employs scientific algorithms to construct a quantitative relationship between disaster-causing factors and the degree of damage to the wind turbine, thereby achieving early warning of wind turbine damage. This method can minimize the impact of typhoons on offshore wind turbines and ensure their safe and stable operation.

[0014] 2. Combining the analysis of typhoon disaster damage mechanisms and the dynamic response simulation of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines, this invention can provide a scientific basis for wind turbine site selection. By systematically assessing the typhoon risk of potential site areas and comprehensively considering the hazard of typhoons of different intensities, a spatial distribution map of risk levels for offshore wind turbine site selection can be created. This can not only help decision-makers avoid selecting wind turbine sites in areas with high typhoon risk, reducing disaster risks during construction and operation, but also provide a basis for risk assessment and upgrading of existing wind turbines.

[0015] 3. This invention can quickly and accurately assess the danger posed by typhoons to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines, thereby determining the level of damage. Compared to traditional methods relying on experience-based judgment and qualitative analysis, this invention can provide accurate predictions of turbine damage within a short time (e.g., within minutes), significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of early warning. This helps project owners to take timely and effective preventative measures and emergency plans, minimizing typhoon losses to offshore wind turbines. Simultaneously, it provides a scientific basis for the design of offshore wind power insurance products and the formulation of risk transfer strategies. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation steps of an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the early warning method in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following section, with reference to the accompanying drawings, provides a more detailed explanation of the early warning method for damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under typhoon conditions, as described in this application. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the method mainly includes the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: Collect typhoon forecast data and relevant information on offshore wind turbines, and collect or calculate relevant wave data;

[0020] Step S2: Calculate the disaster risk of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the coupling effect between various disaster-causing factors, and classify the risk level.

[0021] Step S3: Classify the vulnerability level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the wind turbine generator set level.

[0022] Step S4: Based on the hazard level and vulnerability level, classify the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0023] Step S5: Conduct risk warning based on the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0024] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, taking the disaster risk warning of a power plant during Super Typhoon No. 2411 as an example, each of the above main steps will be explained in detail.

[0025] Step S1 involves collecting typhoon forecast data and relevant information on offshore wind turbines, and collecting or calculating relevant wave data; specifically:

[0026] Step S11: Collect typhoon forecast data during the period when the typhoon affects the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine through meteorological departments or professional meteorological service agencies, including the forecast typhoon path, impact time, typhoon center location, central pressure, maximum wind speed, maximum wind speed radius, radius of the 7-level wind circle, radius of the 10-level wind circle, and radius of the 12-level wind circle.

[0027] The typhoon had a significant impact on a wind farm from September 5th to September 7th. The typhoon's center was located at 111.4°E, 19.7°N, with a central pressure of 905 hPa, a maximum wind speed of 68 m / s, a maximum wind speed radius of 30-40 km, a 7-level wind circle radius of 350 km, a 10-level wind circle radius of 120 km, and a 12-level wind circle radius of 60 km.

[0028] Step S12: For the wave forecast data during the period when the typhoon affects the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine, the data is obtained by calculation or collected from the marine forecasting department or marine forecasting service agency. The wave forecast data includes the forecasted maximum significant wave height, wave direction and wave period.

[0029] At 08:00 on September 6, 2024, the National Marine Forecasting Center issued a red alert for sea waves. Specifically, due to the influence of Super Typhoon No. 11 of this year, it is predicted that from noon on September 6 to noon on September 7, the northern part of a certain sea area will experience waves of 8 to 13 meters, and a certain bay will experience waves of 6 to 9 meters. The sea wave warning level for the nearshore waters is orange. The nearshore waters of the western, northern, and eastern parts of a certain province will experience waves of 4 to 7 meters, reaching very high to extremely high levels. The sea wave warning level for these nearshore waters is red. A wind farm located on the northern coast of a certain province is expected to experience maximum wave heights of up to 7 meters.

[0030] Step S13: Collect information on the name, location, size, spatial distribution, and wind turbine generator class of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0031] A wind power plant is located in a city in a province, with a planned installed capacity of 120,000 kilowatts. The first phase of construction includes 33 Sinovel 1,500-kilowatt wind turbine generators, with a total capacity of 49,500 kilowatts, an annual utilization of approximately 2,087 hours, and an annual on-grid electricity generation of approximately 103 million kilowatt-hours.

[0032] The typhoon made landfall at a wind farm at a closest distance of 7 kilometers. The wind farm was built to withstand wind speeds of 50 m / s, which is approximately level 15.

[0033] Step S2 involves calculating the disaster risk of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the coupling effect between various disaster-causing factors, and classifying the risk level. Specifically:

[0034] Step S21: Based on the typhoon data and wind turbine information collected in steps S11 and S13, calculate the wind speed V at the height of the wind turbine hub. e The following formula is used for calculation:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, Z e The value represents the height of the wind turbine hub; α represents the wind shear index, which is taken as 0.12 in nearshore waters, islands, and coastal areas; V1 represents the wind speed at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface, calculated using the following formula:

[0037] When the typhoon is only RMW, the wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface is calculated using the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] When there are only two typhoons, RMW and R7, the wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea is calculated using the following formula:

[0040]

[0041] When only RMW, R7 and R 10At that time, the wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface is calculated using the following formula:

[0042]

[0043] When the typhoons are only RMW, R7, and R 10 With R 12 At that time, the wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface is calculated using the following formula:

[0044]

[0045] Where RMW represents the radius of the typhoon's maximum wind speed, V max This indicates the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, M indicates the distance between the typhoon center and the offshore wind turbine, R7 indicates the radius of the 7-level wind circle, and R 10 R represents the radius of the 10-level wind circle. 12 V7 indicates the radius of the 12-level wind circle, and V7 indicates a 7-level wind speed (value is 13.9 m / s). 10 This indicates a wind speed of level 10 (value 24.5 m / s), V 12 This indicates a wind speed of level twelve (value 32.6 m / s).

[0046] The typhoon made landfall at a wind farm at a closest distance of 7 kilometers, within the radius of maximum wind speed. Therefore, the maximum wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface is 68 m / s. The hub height is approximately 110 km. Calculate the wind speed V at the hub height of the wind turbine. e The value is 90.7 m / s.

[0047] Step S22: Based on the wind speed at the turbine hub height calculated in step S21 and the wave forecast data collected in step S12, the disaster risk of the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine is calculated based on the coupling effect between various disaster-causing factors, using the following formula:

[0048]

[0049] Where H represents hazard, H max This indicates the maximum significant wave height in the sea area near the wind turbine.

[0050] The wind speed V at the height of the wind turbine hub calculated in step S21 e The value is 90.7 m / s, which is greater than 75 m / s, therefore the hazard H value is 1.

[0051] Step S23: Define the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

[0052] Based on the hazard calculation results calculated in step S22, the hazard H is divided into five levels: high, medium-high, medium, medium-low, and low, corresponding to hazard values ​​of (0.8, 1], (0.6, 0.8], (0.4, 0.6], (0.2, 0.4], and (0, 0.2).

[0053] According to the hazard calculation result H=1 calculated in step S22, the hazard level of a certain wind power plant's wind turbine under the influence of a typhoon is high.

[0054] Step S3: Classify the vulnerability level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the wind turbine generator level. Specifically:

[0055] Step S31: Define the wind turbine generator set level. Based on the maximum wind speed that occurs once every 50 years, the wind turbine generator set level is divided into Level I, Level II, Level III and Level IV, corresponding to maximum wind speeds that occur once every 50 years of return, which are 50m / s, 42.5m / s, 37.5m / s and 30m / s, respectively.

[0056] According to the collected data, the construction standard of a certain wind farm is to withstand wind speeds of 50 m / s, which is approximately level 15. The corresponding wind turbine generator set level is Class I.

[0057] Step S32: Define the vulnerability level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Based on the wind turbine generator level defined in step S31, the vulnerability is divided into four levels: high, medium-high, medium-low, and low, corresponding to wind turbine generator levels IV, III, II, and I.

[0058] According to step S31, the wind turbine generator set of a certain wind power plant is classified as Level I, which corresponds to a low vulnerability level of the wind turbine generator set under the influence of typhoons.

[0059] Step S4: Based on the hazard level and vulnerability level, classify the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Specifically:

[0060] Step S41: Define the disaster risk level table for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Based on the hazard level defined in step S23 and the vulnerability level defined in step S32, create the disaster risk level table for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. The table content is shown in Table 1:

[0061] Table 1. Disaster Risk Level of Offshore Monopile Foundation Wind Turbines

[0062]

[0063] Step S42: Define the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Determine the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines according to the risk level table established in step S41. The risk level is divided into five levels: Level I (high risk), Level II (medium-high risk), Level III (medium risk), Level IV (medium-low risk), and Level V (low risk).

[0064] According to step S2, the risk level of a certain wind turbine under the influence of a typhoon is high, and the vulnerability level of a certain wind turbine under the influence of a typhoon is low, according to step S32. Combining the risk level table defined in step S41, it can be found from the table that the risk level of a certain wind turbine under the influence of a typhoon is Level II (medium-high risk).

[0065] Step S5: Conduct risk warning based on the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines. Specifically:

[0066] Step S51 defines the disaster risk warning level for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines, which is divided into five levels: red, orange, yellow, blue, and green, corresponding to the risk levels defined in step S42: Level I (high risk), Level II (medium-high risk), Level III (medium risk), Level IV (medium-low risk), and Level V (low risk).

[0067] Based on step S42, the risk level of a certain wind turbine unit under the influence of a typhoon is determined to be Level II (medium-high risk). Therefore, the risk warning level of the wind turbine unit under the influence of a typhoon is orange.

[0068] Step S52: Based on the disaster risk warning level of the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine obtained in Step S51, generate warning information, including the warning level, estimated disaster time, estimated impact, and recommended protective measures. The warning information is promptly communicated to wind farm operators and relevant management departments to facilitate necessary response measures.

[0069] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Collect typhoon forecast data and relevant information on offshore wind turbines, and collect or calculate relevant wave data; Step S2: Calculate the disaster risk of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines and classify the risk level; Step S3: Classify the vulnerability level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the wind turbine generator level; Step S4: Based on the hazard level and vulnerability level, classify the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines; Step S5: Conduct risk warning based on the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines; Step S2 specifically involves: Step S21: Calculate the wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub based on the collected typhoon data and wind turbine information; Step S22: Calculate the disaster risk of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub and the calculated or collected wave forecast data; Where H represents hazard, H max V represents the maximum significant wave height in the sea area near the wind turbine. e This indicates the wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub; Step S23: Define the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the calculation results of the disaster risk.

2. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Step S1 specifically involves: Step S11: Collect typhoon forecast data during the period when the typhoon affects the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine through the meteorological department or meteorological service agency; Step S12: For the wave forecast data during the period when the typhoon affects the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine, the data is obtained by calculation or collected from the marine forecasting department or marine forecasting service agency. The wave forecast data includes the forecasted maximum significant wave height, wave direction and wave period. Step S13: Collect information on offshore monopile foundation wind turbines, including the name, location, scale, spatial distribution, and wind turbine generator class of the offshore monopile foundation wind turbines.

3. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The typhoon forecast data includes: the forecast typhoon path, the duration of impact, the location of the typhoon center, the central pressure, the maximum wind speed, the radius of the maximum wind speed, the radius of the 7-level wind circle, the radius of the 10-level wind circle, and the radius of the 12-level wind circle.

4. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The wind speed at the height of the wind turbine hub is calculated using the following formula: ； Among them, Z e The value represents the height of the wind turbine hub, α represents the wind shear index, and V1 represents the wind speed at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface.

5. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under typhoon influence according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wind speed V1 at a height of 10 meters above the sea surface is calculated using the following formula: When Typhoon RMW is only present ； When there are only RMW and R7 typhoons ； When only RMW, R7 and R 10 hour, ； When the typhoons are only RMW, R7, and R 10 With R 12 hour, ； Where RMW represents the radius of the typhoon's maximum wind speed, V max This indicates the maximum wind speed of the typhoon, M indicates the distance between the typhoon center and the offshore wind turbine, R7 indicates the radius of the 7-level wind circle, and R 10 R represents the radius of the 10-level wind circle. 12 V7 indicates the radius of the 12-level wind circle, and V7 indicates a 7-level wind speed. 10 V represents a wind speed of level 10. 12 This indicates a wind speed of level twelve.

6. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically involves: Step S31, define the wind turbine generator class; Step S32: Define the disaster vulnerability level of the offshore monopile foundation wind turbine according to the wind turbine generator set level.

7. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under the influence of typhoons, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... Step S4 specifically involves: Step S41: Define a disaster risk level table for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines based on the defined hazard level and vulnerability level; Step S42: Define the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines and determine the disaster risk level of offshore monopile foundation wind turbines according to the risk level table.

8. The method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under typhoon influence according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 specifically involves: Step S51, define the disaster risk warning level for offshore monopile foundation wind turbines according to the corresponding risk level; Step S52: Generate warning information based on the risk warning level and conduct risk warning.

9. A method for early warning of damage to offshore monopile foundation wind turbines under typhoon influence, as described in claim 8, is characterized in that... The early warning information includes: the warning level, the expected time of the disaster, the expected degree of impact, and the recommended protective measures.

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