Radiating elements and antennas

Abstract

This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a low-frequency radiating element and an antenna. The radiating element includes: a dielectric substrate and a radiating portion and a decoupling portion disposed on the dielectric substrate, with the radiating portion and the decoupling portion coupled together. The radiating portion includes a feed balun, a first radiating arm group, and a second radiating arm group. The feed balun supports the dielectric substrate and is electrically connected to the first and second radiating arm groups. The polarization directions of the first and second radiating arm groups are perpendicular to each other. The decoupling portion, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are located on the same side of the dielectric substrate, and each of the first and second radiating arm groups is correspondingly provided with decoupling. The decoupling portion is spaced apart from the corresponding first or second radiating arm group. By causing the electromagnetic waves of the high-frequency radiating element to generate secondary resonance in the decoupling portion, the high-frequency radiation is enhanced, effectively enhancing the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and more particularly to a radiating element and an antenna. Background Technology

[0002] In multi-frequency fusion antennas, radiating elements from different frequency ranges can interfere with each other due to electromagnetic coupling. In principle, the aperture and balun dimensions of the low-frequency radiating element are larger than those of the high-frequency radiating element; that is, the projections of the high- and low-frequency radiating elements onto the reflector. The low-frequency radiating element can physically or electromagnetically obstruct the normal operation of the high-frequency radiating element, severely affecting its radiation pattern. Therefore, it is common practice to add electromagnetic structures to the radiating surface of the low-frequency radiating element to remove the coupling effect on the high-frequency radiating element, thereby reducing the impact on the high-frequency radiating elements surrounding or below the low-frequency radiating element.

[0003] The main technical problem at present is that the decoupling bandwidth function of the low-frequency decoupling radiation unit is based on narrow-band bandwidth filtering. That is, the filtering function of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit can only transmit narrow-band high-frequency radiation energy, generally 1710-1880MHz, 1920-2170MHz, or 2300-2600MHz, and cannot achieve broadband decoupling.

[0004] In traditional base station antennas, to improve the filtering effect of low-frequency radiating elements on high-frequency radiating elements, structural and electrical improvements are usually made to the low-frequency radiating elements to filter out the secondary induced current generated by the high-frequency radiating elements on the low-frequency radiating elements and reduce the influence of the low-frequency radiating elements on the high-frequency radiating elements. However, even so, the high-frequency radiating elements still suffer energy loss during propagation, the decoupling bandwidth that can be achieved is limited, and the gain loss of the high-frequency radiating elements is relatively large, resulting in relatively poor performance of the low-frequency radiating elements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, or at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a radiating element and an antenna.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a radiating element, comprising: A dielectric substrate and a radiating portion and a decoupling portion disposed on the dielectric substrate, wherein the radiating portion and the decoupling portion are coupled together. The radiating section includes a feed balun, a first radiating arm group, and a second radiating arm group. The feed balun supports the dielectric substrate and is electrically connected to the first and second radiating arm groups. The polarization directions of the first and second radiating arm groups are perpendicular to each other. The decoupling portion, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are all single-layered and disposed on the same side surface of the dielectric substrate. The first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group are each correspondingly provided with the decoupling portion. The decoupling portion is spaced apart from the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group, and the decoupling portion is located inside the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group. The operating frequency of the decoupling portion is equal to the operating frequency of the radiating unit to be adjusted, so that the decoupling portion resonates with the high-frequency radiating unit to be adjusted.

[0007] In some embodiments, the decoupling portion includes a plurality of decoupling branches spaced apart, and the plurality of decoupling branches have gaps between them and the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group.

[0008] In some embodiments, the plurality of decoupling branches include a first decoupling branch and a second decoupling branch, both of which are spaced apart from the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first radiating arm group includes two first radiating circuits, which are symmetrically arranged about the center of the dielectric substrate; the second radiating arm group includes two second radiating circuits, which are symmetrically arranged about the center of the dielectric substrate; the two second radiating circuits and the two first radiating circuits are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0010] In some embodiments, a gap is provided between adjacent first radiating circuits and second radiating circuits, and a spacer groove is provided at the gap in the dielectric substrate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the dielectric substrate is provided with decoupling windows, the number of which is equal to the sum of the number of the first radiating circuit and the second radiating circuit, and one decoupling window corresponds to one first radiating circuit or one second radiating circuit, with the first radiating circuit and the second radiating circuit arranged around the corresponding decoupling window.

[0012] In some embodiments, the decoupling portion is disposed on the dielectric substrate between the decoupling window and the first radiating circuit or the second radiating circuit.

[0013] In some embodiments, each of the first or second radiating circuits is provided with a plurality of decoupling sections.

[0014] A second aspect of this application provides an antenna, including a reflector, a first radiating element, and a second radiating element, wherein the first radiating element is any of the radiating elements described above, the second radiating element is the radiating element to be adjusted, the first radiating element operates in a first frequency band, the second radiating element operates in a second frequency band, the second frequency band being higher than the first frequency band, and both the second radiating element and the first radiating element are disposed on the reflector.

[0015] In some embodiments, the decoupling portion includes a first decoupling stub and a second decoupling stub, wherein the total length of the first decoupling stub is equal to a positive integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the operating center frequency of the second radiating element, so that the operating frequency of the first decoupling stub is equal to the operating center frequency of the second radiating element.

[0016] In some embodiments, the length of the second decoupling stub is equal to a positive integer multiple of half the wavelength of the operating center frequency of the second radiating unit, so that the operating frequency of the second decoupling stub is equal to the operating center frequency of the second radiating unit.

[0017] The technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages compared with the prior art: The radiation unit provided in this application embodiment couples the radiation unit and the decoupling part. The decoupling part, the first radiation arm group, and the second radiation arm group are located on the same side of the dielectric substrate, and there is no grounding layer, resulting in a simple decoupling structure. In this application embodiment, the decoupling part is spaced apart from the first and second radiation arm groups. The position and length of the decoupling part can be adjusted according to the operating frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit to ensure that the operating frequency of the decoupling part matches that of the high-frequency radiation unit. This causes the electromagnetic waves from the high-frequency radiation unit to generate a secondary resonance on the low-frequency radiation unit, effectively enhancing the effect of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves. In principle, the low-frequency radiation unit in this application embodiment differs from traditional filtering decoupling methods. It uses a method where the electromagnetic waves from the high-frequency radiation unit generate a secondary resonance on the decoupling part of the low-frequency radiation unit, thereby enhancing the high-frequency radiation and effectively enhancing the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0018] Meanwhile, the decoupling part, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are all single-layered and located on the same side of the dielectric substrate. Furthermore, the first radiating arm group, the second radiating arm group, and the decoupling part are all integrally set and located on the same side of the dielectric substrate, avoiding the problem of needing to reconnect them through a connecting structure when they are set separately, thus reducing production costs. The decoupling part is located inside the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group. Under the premise that the size and shape of the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group are fixed, compared with the case where the decoupling part is set on the outside or inside and outside of the first radiating arm group or the second radiating arm group, the overall size of the radiating element can be reduced, which is more suitable for the miniaturization and integration design of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first radiating unit in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the dielectric substrate and the radiating portion described in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the decoupling portion described in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first decoupling branch in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second decoupling branch in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the decoupling bandwidth of the low-frequency radiation unit described in the embodiments of this application.

[0022] Wherein, 1. dielectric substrate; 2. first radiating circuit; 3. second radiating circuit; 4. decoupling window; 5. first decoupling stub; 6. second decoupling stub; 7. feed balun; 8. spacer slot; 51. first stub segment; 52. second stub segment; 511. first decoupling segment; 512. second decoupling segment; 521. third decoupling segment; 522. fourth decoupling segment; 61. third stub segment; 62. fourth stub segment; 63. fifth stub segment; 64. sixth stub segment; 65. seventh stub segment. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the solution of this application will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0024] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of this application, but this application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0025] In multi-frequency fusion antennas, radiating elements from different frequency ranges can interfere with each other due to electromagnetic coupling. In principle, the aperture and balun dimensions of the low-frequency radiating element are larger than those of the high-frequency radiating element; that is, the projections of the high- and low-frequency radiating elements onto the reflector. The low-frequency radiating element can physically or electromagnetically obstruct the normal operation of the high-frequency radiating element, severely affecting its radiation pattern. Therefore, it is common practice to add electromagnetic structures to the radiating surface of the low-frequency radiating element to remove the coupling effect on the high-frequency radiating element, thereby reducing the impact on the high-frequency radiating elements surrounding or below the low-frequency radiating element.

[0026] The main technical problem at present is that the decoupling bandwidth function of the low-frequency decoupling radiation unit is based on narrow-band bandwidth filtering. That is, the filtering function of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit can only transmit narrow-band high-frequency radiation energy, generally 1710-1880MHz, 1920-2170MHz, or 2300-2600MHz, and cannot achieve broadband decoupling.

[0027] Patent application CN202111371096.9, entitled "Radiating Element and Array Antenna," discloses a radiating element and array antenna. A first feed section, a third feed section, a second ground layer, and a third ground layer are all located on the first side of a first substrate; a second feed section, a first ground layer, and a fourth ground layer are all located on the second side of the first substrate. This design places the feed section and ground layer on both sides of the substrate and requires a grounding structure. The filtering structure is complex. While it theoretically uses filtering to reduce the loss of the high-frequency radiating element from the low-frequency radiating element, the decoupling bandwidth is limited, and the gain loss of the high-frequency radiating element is relatively large. Simultaneously, it results in relatively poor performance of the low-frequency radiating element.

[0028] The patent application, with application number 202010876023.4 and invention title "A Low-Frequency Vibrator Unit and Hybrid Array Antenna," discloses a second circuit printed on the vibrator element. One end of the vibrator element is fixed to a base plate, and the second circuit is electrically connected to the first circuit. The first radiating arm is made of alternating coarse and fine copper foils, and the second radiating arm is made of fine copper foil. The second circuit is electrically connected to the vibrator arm. This method uses wide and narrow copper foils for filtering, implemented through series connection. This results in a complex structure, limited decoupling bandwidth, significant gain loss in the high-frequency radiating element, and relatively poor performance in the low-frequency radiating element. The patent application, with application number 202210935204.9 and invention title "Radiating Element and Base Station Antenna," employs a parasitic resonant circuit to block induced currents within the second operating frequency band in the radiating arm. However, the filtering structure is complex, the decoupling bandwidth is limited, and there is significant gain loss in the high-frequency radiating element, while the performance of the low-frequency radiating element is relatively poor.

[0029] The patent application with application number 202210489803.2, entitled "Decoupling Radiation Element Antenna Device, Antenna Array, and Antenna Equipment," discloses a decoupling radiation element, antenna device, antenna array, and antenna equipment. On one hand, the cooperating line segment comprises multiple sequentially connected branches, recessed towards the center of the decoupling radiation element, i.e., the cooperating line segment is set as a curve, resulting in a longer actual electrical length. This allows for a wider frequency band radiation function within a very small aperture size, achieving approximately 80% of the size of a conventional vibrator. On the other hand, the arrangement of the first coupling structure on the radiation structure enables the interference current coupled by the first coupling structure to cancel out the interference current coupled by the radiation structure, thereby reducing the antenna's radiation of interference current. However, the employed filtering structure is complex, has limited decoupling bandwidth, and suffers significant gain loss in the high-frequency radiation element, while the performance of the low-frequency radiation element is relatively poor.

[0030] Patent application number 202011350025.6, entitled "A Broadband Filtering Unit and Antenna Array," discloses a broadband filtering unit comprising a grounding support, a feed balun, and a square radiating surface. The square radiating surface is copper-clad on both sides. The copper-clad surface on the front resembles four square structures combined together. Two square structures on the diagonals form two arms in a polarization direction. The center of each arm is completely hollowed out. Each arm consists of multiple LC circuits connected in series, and multiple open-circuit filter segments are also provided on the arm. The copper cladding on both sides of the square radiating surface results in a complex filtering structure, limited decoupling bandwidth (only 1.695GHz-2.2GHz), significant gain loss for high-frequency radiating elements, and relatively poor performance for low-frequency radiating elements.

[0031] The patent application with application number 202011112359.X and invention title "Low-Frequency Radiation Unit and Base Station Antenna" discloses a low-frequency radiation unit, including a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a feed balun. The radiator includes two sets of dipoles orthogonally distributed on the dielectric substrate. Each set of dipoles includes two radiating arms with a circular main structure. The inner side of the radiating arm is provided with multiple open-circuit stubs. The open-circuit stubs include a first line segment and a second line segment that are bent and connected to each other. The outer end of the first line segment is connected to the radiating arm, and the outer end of the second line segment is open-circuited and parallel to the inner side of the radiating arm. The feed balun has an orthogonal structure. The lower end of the feed balun is connected to a reflector, and the upper end of the feed balun is connected to the radiator.

[0032] Patent application number 202111563403.3, entitled "Radiating Element, Antenna, and Base Station," discloses a radiating element comprising a radiating section and a feeding section for powering the radiating section. The radiating section includes a radiating body and a suppressor conductor. The suppressor conductor is disposed along the edge of the radiating body's contour, and a gap exists between the suppressor conductor and the radiating body to form a gap coupling relationship. The suppressor conductor and the radiating body excite two induced currents flowing in opposite directions in response to the high-frequency resonance generated when an external high-frequency signal passes through the gap. This method employs a filtering principle, which affects low-frequency performance and has limited decoupling bandwidth for high frequencies. The bandwidth with a radar cross section (RCS) below -15dB is only 2400MHz-3850MHz. The gain loss of the high-frequency radiating element is relatively large, and the performance of the low-frequency radiating element is relatively poor.

[0033] The aforementioned patent applications are all based on the principle of filtering stubs, which means filtering out the secondary induced current generated by the high-frequency radiation unit on the low-frequency radiation unit and reducing the influence of the low-frequency radiation unit on the high-frequency radiation unit. However, even so, the high-frequency radiation unit still loses energy during propagation, the decoupling bandwidth that can be achieved is limited, and the gain loss of the high-frequency radiation unit is relatively large, which also leads to the relatively poor performance of the low-frequency radiation unit.

[0034] Therefore, this application provides an antenna including a first radiating element, a second radiating element, and a reflector. Both the first and second radiating elements are disposed on the reflector. The first radiating element operates in a first frequency band, and the second radiating element operates in a second frequency band, which is higher than the first frequency band. That is, the first radiating element is a low-frequency radiating element, and the second radiating element is a high-frequency radiating element. A decoupling section is provided on the first radiating element, and the operating frequency of the decoupling section is equal to the operating frequency of the second radiating element. Because the low-frequency radiating element is relatively large, it may obstruct the high-frequency radiating element. In some embodiments of this application, the operating frequency of the decoupling section on the low-frequency radiating element is set to be equal to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating element. The high-frequency radiating element can generate a secondary resonance on the decoupling section of the low-frequency radiating element, enhancing the effect of transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0035] like Figure 1 The low-frequency radiation unit provided in this application embodiment includes a dielectric substrate 1, a radiation part and a decoupling part, wherein the radiation part and the decoupling part are both disposed on the dielectric substrate 1, and the radiation part and the decoupling part are not connected to each other, but are connected by coupling.

[0036] The radiating section includes a feeding balun 7, a first radiating arm group, and a second radiating arm group. The feeding balun 7 supports the dielectric substrate 1 and is electrically connected to the first and second radiating arm groups. The polarization directions of the first and second radiating arm groups are perpendicular to each other. The feeding balun 7 can directly feed, couple, or use other feeding methods to the first and second radiating arm groups.

[0037] The decoupling portion, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are located on the same side of the dielectric substrate 1. The first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group are each provided with a decoupling portion, and the decoupling portion is spaced apart from the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group.

[0038] The dielectric substrate 1 has a first side and a second side. The decoupling portion, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are simultaneously disposed on the first side or simultaneously disposed on the second side. This means that copper only needs to be deposited on one side of the dielectric substrate 1. From the board manufacturing process, less raw material copper is required, and the entire processing generates less carbon emissions, making it more environmentally friendly. For the secondary processing of the raw material dielectric substrate, only one side needs to be processed, avoiding flipping and other processes. Existing mature printed circuit board processing technologies such as chemical etching, laser engraving, or machining can be directly used, resulting in less pollution, higher processing efficiency, simpler operation, and reduced production costs.

[0039] The dielectric substrate 1 is generally made of non-metallic material. The power supply balun 7, in terms of electrical function, supplies power and matches the first and second radiating arm groups. It can be in the form of a printed circuit board, sheet metal, coaxial transmission line, or die-cast metal parts. Structurally, the power supply balun 7 and dielectric substrate 1 support the first and second radiating arm groups, ensuring the height, position, and reliability of the first and second radiating arm groups relative to the reflector or radome.

[0040] The first and second radiating arm groups function to radiate electromagnetic waves and can be in the form of metal microstrip lines. The length of the first and second radiating arm groups is generally a dual-polarized structure composed of half the physical length of the wavelength. The narrower the width, the less impact it has on high-frequency performance. However, considering power capacity and heat dissipation, a compromise in the width size is required.

[0041] The radiation unit provided in this application embodiment couples the radiation part and the decoupling part together. Simultaneously, the decoupling part, the first radiation arm group, and the second radiation arm group are all single-layered and disposed on the same side of the dielectric substrate surface, without a ground layer, resulting in a simple decoupling structure. In this application embodiment, the decoupling part is spaced apart from the first and second radiation arm groups, and is located inside the corresponding first or second radiation arm group. The position and length of the decoupling part can be adjusted according to the operating frequency band of the high-frequency radiation unit to ensure that the operating frequency of the decoupling part matches the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit. This allows the electromagnetic waves from the high-frequency radiation unit to generate a secondary resonance on the low-frequency radiation unit, effectively enhancing the effect of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves. In principle, the low-frequency radiation unit in this application embodiment differs from traditional filtering decoupling methods. It uses a method where the electromagnetic waves from the high-frequency radiation unit generate a secondary resonance on the decoupling part of the low-frequency radiation unit, thereby enhancing the high-frequency radiation and effectively enhancing the transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic waves.

[0042] The first radiating arm group, the second radiating arm group, and the decoupling part are all integrally set and located on the same side of the dielectric substrate. This avoids the problem of needing to open metal vias on the dielectric substrate for electrical connection in layered settings, thus reducing production costs. The decoupling part is located inside the corresponding first or second radiating arm group. Under the premise that the size and shape of the first and second radiating arm groups are fixed, compared with the case where the decoupling part is set on the outside or inside and outside of the first or second radiating arm group, the overall size of the radiating element can be reduced, which is more suitable for the miniaturization and integration design of the antenna.

[0043] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the decoupling portion includes a first decoupling stub 5 and a second decoupling stub 6 spaced apart, both of which are spaced apart from the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group. The first decoupling stub 5 and the second decoupling stub 6 determine the decoupling effect and frequency band range.

[0044] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the first radiating arm group includes two first radiating circuits 2, which are arranged symmetrically about the center of the dielectric substrate 1; the second radiating arm group includes two second radiating circuits 3, which are arranged symmetrically about the center of the dielectric substrate 1; the two second radiating circuits 3 and the two first radiating circuits 2 are arranged in a rectangular array.

[0045] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the first radiating circuit 2 and the second radiating circuit 3 have the same structure and are respectively arranged in four quadrants centered on the dielectric substrate 1. With the center of the dielectric substrate 1 as the zero point, the horizontal centerline is the X-axis, and the vertical centerline is the Y-axis; both the first radiating circuit 2 and the second radiating circuit 3 are rectangular frame structures, and the metal lines of the first radiating circuit 2 and the second radiating circuit 3 are required to be as thin as possible while meeting performance specifications. Specifically, the two first radiating circuits 2 are respectively arranged in the first quadrant and the third quadrant, and the two second radiating circuits 3 are respectively arranged in the second quadrant and the fourth quadrant. Each first radiating circuit 2 and each second radiating circuit 3 has multiple sets of decoupling sections corresponding to it, and each set of decoupling sections includes a first decoupling branch 5 and a second decoupling branch 6. For example... Figure 3 As shown, taking a first radiating circuit as an example, the first radiating circuit 2 is provided with 4 sets of decoupling parts, and the 4 sets of decoupling parts are respectively set with the 4 sides of the first radiating circuit 2.

[0046] It should be noted that the first radiating circuit 2, the second radiating circuit 3, and the decoupling part may not be centrally symmetrical; non-centrally symmetrical and axisymmetric structures are also feasible.

[0047] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, a gap is provided between adjacent first radiating circuits 2 and second radiating circuits 3, and a spacer groove 8 is provided at the gap on the dielectric substrate 1. The spacer groove 8 avoids mutual interference between the decoupling parts in adjacent first radiating circuits 2 and second radiating circuits 3. The resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit on the low-frequency radiating unit can be finely adjusted by adjusting the width and length of the spacer groove 8, thereby finely adjusting the decoupling effect.

[0048] For example, such as Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of this application, two spacer slots 8 are provided along the X direction and two spacer slots 8 are provided along the Y direction on the dielectric substrate 1. A spacer slot 8 along the X direction is provided between the first radiating circuit 2 in the first quadrant and the second radiating circuit 3 in the second quadrant. A spacer slot 8 along the Y direction is provided between the second radiating circuit 3 in the second quadrant and the first radiating circuit 2 in the third quadrant. An X-direction spacer slot 8 is provided between the first radiating circuit 2 in the third quadrant and the second radiating circuit 3 in the fourth quadrant. A Y-direction spacer slot 8 is provided between the second radiating circuit 3 in the fourth quadrant and the first radiating circuit 2 in the first quadrant. By adjusting the length and width of each spacer slot 8, the decoupling effect can be fine-tuned.

[0049] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with decoupling windows 4, the number of decoupling windows 4 is equal to the sum of the number of first radiating circuits 2 and second radiating circuits 3, and one decoupling window 4 corresponds to one first radiating circuit 2 or one second radiating circuit 3, and the first radiating circuit 2 and the second radiating circuit 3 are arranged around the corresponding decoupling window 4.

[0050] For example, in some embodiments of this application, four decoupling windows 4 are provided, each located in one of the four quadrants. The decoupling windows 4 are created by removing the dielectric substrate 1. By adjusting the size of the decoupling windows 4, the resonant frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit on the low-frequency radiating unit can be fine-tuned, thereby fine-tuning the decoupling effect. The combined adjustment of the decoupling windows 4 and the spacer slots 8 assists in achieving the decoupling effect. The decoupling windows not only optimize electrical performance but also reduce the weight of the radiating unit, saving raw materials and thus lowering product costs. The decoupling windows can also improve the space utilization of the radiating array, for example, by being used for other structural support functions.

[0051] Furthermore, in some embodiments of this application, the decoupling portion is disposed on the dielectric substrate 1 between the decoupling window 4 and the first radiation circuit 2 or the second radiation circuit 3. The decoupling portion operates at the same frequency as the high-frequency radiation unit, ultimately achieving secondary resonance with the high-frequency radiation unit, effectively decoupling the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0052] Furthermore, each first radiating circuit 2 or second radiating circuit 3 is provided with multiple sets of decoupling sections. Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, each first radiating circuit 2 is provided with 4 sets of decoupling sections, and each second radiating circuit 3 is provided with 4 sets of decoupling sections.

[0053] like Figure 3As shown, the decoupling section includes multiple decoupling branches spaced apart. Each decoupling branch has a gap with both the first and second radiating arm groups. By adjusting parameters such as the number, total length, and position of the decoupling branches, the operating frequency of the decoupling branches can be made equal to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit, thereby enabling the decoupling branches and the high-frequency radiating unit to form a secondary resonance, effectively achieving the decoupling effect on the high-frequency radiating unit.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, multiple decoupling sections include a first decoupling branch 5 and a second decoupling branch 6. The first decoupling branch 5 includes a first branch segment 51 and a second branch segment 52, which are spaced apart and spaced apart from the first radiating circuit 2 or the second radiating circuit 3. The first branch segment 51 is L-shaped, and the second branch segment 52 is L-shaped. The first branch segment 51 includes a first decoupling segment 511 and a second decoupling segment 512, which are vertically arranged. The second branch segment 52 includes a third decoupling segment 521 and a fourth decoupling segment 522, which are vertically arranged. The first decoupling segment 511 is spaced apart from the first radiating circuit 2, and the third decoupling segment 521 is spaced apart from the first radiating circuit 2.

[0055] It should be noted that, depending on actual needs, multiple decoupling branches may also include other decoupling branches besides the first and second decoupling branches. The specific number, length, and location of the decoupling branches can be designed according to the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiation unit to be adjusted. The shapes of the decoupling branches can be the same or different. This article uses an implementation method including a first and a second decoupling branch as an example.

[0056] In some embodiments, the first branch segment 51 and the second branch segment 52 are symmetrically arranged and located on the dielectric substrate 1 inside the first radiating circuit 2 or the second radiating circuit 3. The physical length of the first branch segment 51 (i.e., the sum of the physical lengths of the first decoupling segment 511 and the second decoupling segment 512) or the physical length of the second branch segment 52 (i.e., the sum of the physical lengths of the third decoupling segment 521 and the fourth decoupling segment 522) resonates near a positive integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the operating center frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit. Specifically, in some embodiments of this application, the physical length of the first branch segment 51 or the physical length of the second branch segment 52 is equal to a quarter wavelength of the operating center frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit. The decoupling effect can be finely adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the first branch segment 51 or the second branch segment 52 with the first radiating circuit 2 or the second radiating circuit 3.

[0057] The second decoupling branch 6 is shaped like an open rectangle, including a third branch 61, a fourth branch 62, a fifth branch 63, a sixth branch 64, and a seventh branch 65. The second decoupling branch 6 does not contact the first radiating circuit 2 or the second radiating circuit 3. The physical length of the second decoupling branch 6 (i.e., the sum of the physical lengths of the third branch 61, fourth branch 62, fifth branch 63, sixth branch 64, and seventh branch 65) resonates near a positive integer multiple of half the wavelength of the high-frequency radiating unit's operating center frequency. By adjusting the physical length of the second decoupling branch 6, the resonant frequency can be changed, thereby achieving secondary resonance of the high-frequency radiating unit and effectively decoupling it. In some embodiments of this application, the total physical length of the second decoupling branch 6 is equal to half the wavelength of the high-frequency radiating unit's operating center frequency. Alternatively, the decoupling effect can be fine-tuned by adjusting the relative positions of the various parts of the second decoupling branch 6 with the first radiating circuit 2 or the second radiating circuit 3.

[0058] The first and second branches are set as L-shaped. There are no first or second branches between the second decoupling branch and the corresponding first or second radiating arm group. That is to say, in the direction perpendicular to the first or second radiating circuit, there are only two layers: the first or second radiating circuit and the third branch. From the layout perspective, it occupies less space. The first and second branches are bent only once, which provides greater design freedom and lower cost.

[0059] For example, when the dimensions of the spacer slot 8 and the decoupling window 4 remain unchanged, the operating frequency of the decoupling section can be changed by altering the physical length and position of the first decoupling branch 5 and the second decoupling branch 6, thereby resonating with the high-frequency radiation unit in different operating frequency bands and enhancing the radiation effect of the high-frequency radiation unit.

[0060] like Figure 6 As shown, the decoupling level of the high-frequency radiating unit from 1710MHz to 3800MHz is less than -15dB, demonstrating a very significant decoupling effect in the ultra-wideband. Specifically, the decoupling levels from 2300MHz to 2650MHz and from 2940MHz to 3500MHz are less than -20dB, indicating a very significant multi-band decoupling and filtering effect.

[0061] The low-frequency radiating unit provided in this application embodiment includes a decoupling section. The power frequency of the decoupling section is aligned with the operating frequency of the high-frequency radiating unit, causing the electromagnetic waves from the high-frequency radiating unit to generate a secondary resonance at the decoupling section of the low-frequency radiating unit. This achieves an ultra-wide high-frequency bandwidth for decoupling, ranging from 1700MHz to 3900MHz. Simultaneously, the decoupling section is coupled to the radiating section of the low-frequency radiating unit, minimizing its impact on low-frequency performance. The decoupling section, along with the first and second radiating arm groups, is located on the same side of the dielectric substrate, enabling single-sided decoupling without the need for grounding or filtering structures, resulting in a simple decoupling structure. Depending on the combination of the high-frequency and low-frequency radiating units, the decoupling effect can be achieved simply by adjusting the position and size of the decoupling stubs, spacers, or decoupling windows on the low-frequency radiating unit, offering strong versatility and high design freedom.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0063] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A radiating unit, characterized in that, include: A dielectric substrate (1) and a radiating portion and a decoupling portion disposed on the dielectric substrate (1), wherein the radiating portion and the decoupling portion are coupled together; The radiating section includes a feed balun (7), a first radiating arm group and a second radiating arm group. The feed balun (7) supports the dielectric substrate (1) and is electrically connected to the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group. The polarization direction of the first radiating arm group and the polarization direction of the second radiating arm group are perpendicular to each other. The decoupling portion, the first radiating arm group, and the second radiating arm group are all single-layered and disposed on the same side surface of the dielectric substrate (1). The first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group are each correspondingly provided with the decoupling portion. The decoupling portion is spaced apart from the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group, and the decoupling portion is located inside the corresponding first radiating arm group or second radiating arm group. The operating frequency of the decoupling portion is equal to the operating frequency of the radiating unit to be adjusted, so that the decoupling portion resonates with the high-frequency radiating unit to be adjusted. The decoupling section includes a plurality of decoupling branches spaced apart, and each of the plurality of decoupling branches has a gap with the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group. The plurality of decoupling branches include a first decoupling branch (5) and a second decoupling branch (6), both of which are spaced apart from the first radiating arm group and the second radiating arm group.

2. The radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first radiating arm group includes two first radiating circuits (2), which are centrally symmetrical about the dielectric substrate (1); the second radiating arm group includes two second radiating circuits (3), which are centrally symmetrical about the dielectric substrate (1); the two second radiating circuits (3) and the two first radiating circuits (2) are arranged in a rectangular array; there is a gap between adjacent first radiating circuits (2) and second radiating circuits (3), and the dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a spacer groove (8) at the gap.

3. The radiating unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dielectric substrate (1) is provided with decoupling windows (4), the number of decoupling windows (4) is equal to the sum of the number of the first radiation circuit (2) and the second radiation circuit (3), and one decoupling window (4) corresponds to one first radiation circuit (2) or one second radiation circuit (3), and the first radiation circuit (2) and the second radiation circuit (3) are arranged around the corresponding decoupling window (4).

4. The radiating unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The decoupling portion is disposed on the dielectric substrate (1) between the decoupling window (4) and the first radiation circuit (2) or the second radiation circuit (3).

5. The radiating unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple sets of decoupling sections are provided in each of the first radiation circuit (2) or the second radiation circuit (3).

6. An antenna, characterized in that, It includes a reflector, a first radiating unit, and a second radiating unit, wherein the first radiating unit is the radiating unit described in any one of claims 1-5, the second radiating unit is the radiating unit to be adjusted, the first radiating unit operates in a first frequency band, the second radiating unit operates in a second frequency band, the second frequency band is higher than the first frequency band, and both the second radiating unit and the first radiating unit are disposed on the reflector.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The decoupling section includes a first decoupling stub (5) and a second decoupling stub (6). The first decoupling stub (5) includes a first stub segment (51) and a second stub segment (52) spaced apart. The total length of the first stub segment (51) or the total length of the second stub segment (52) is equal to a positive integer multiple of a quarter wavelength of the working center frequency of the second radiating unit, so that the working frequency of the first decoupling stub (5) is equal to the working center frequency of the second radiating unit.

8. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The total length of the second decoupling stub (6) is equal to a positive integer multiple of half the wavelength of the working center frequency of the second radiating unit, so that the working frequency of the second decoupling stub (6) is equal to the working center frequency of the second radiating unit.

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