Parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator and air selection parameter adjustment method

Abstract

The application discloses a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator and an air selection parameter adjusting method, which comprises a rack, a feeding device, a vibrating screen device and an air selection device. The vibrating screen device comprises a vibrating screen support, a shell kernel collecting plate, a combined type grading screen and a vibrating motor. One end of a lower frame of the vibrating screen support is hingedly connected with an axle seat on the rack, and the other end is installed on a vibrating screen support spring seat through a hinged shaft. The combined type grading screen is fixedly installed in an upper frame of the vibrating screen support, and the shell kernel collecting plate is fixedly installed in the lower frame of the vibrating screen support. A vibrating motor guide rail is arranged on the upper frame of the vibrating screen support, a vibrating motor support mounting bottom plate is installed on the vibrating motor guide rail through a guide rail sliding block, and the vibrating motor is fixedly connected to the vibrating motor support. The combined type grading screen and a material distribution plate corner adjusting mechanism can flexibly adjust the vibrating screen structure according to different walnut varieties or changes of components of walnut shell kernel mixtures, improve the cleaning rate and reduce the loss rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural material separation technology, specifically relating to a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator and a method for adjusting air separation parameters. Background Technology

[0002] Walnuts, also known as Persian walnuts or peony, are one of the world's four major dried fruits. China is a major walnut-producing country, with an annual output of 5.8659 million tons in 2023. China boasts numerous walnut varieties, with common ones including hickory, Yangbi walnut, thin-shelled walnut, Xiangling, Liaoning walnut, Xilin, Wen 185, and Xinfeng. Walnuts are rich in nutrients and are an excellent health food. They can be eaten raw or used to make pastries and candies. Walnuts have a high fat content and a high oil yield; for example, Yangbi pickled walnuts have an average oil yield of 65.08% to 68.88%, with a maximum of 76.26%, earning them the reputation of "oil depots on trees."

[0003] Existing shell and kernel separators include patent number 202420551528.7, titled "A Vibrating Centrifugal Walnut Shell and Kernel Separation Device," whose screen plate can rotate to drive the material to be separated to rotate, resulting in uniform material distribution; patent number 202321757493.4, titled "A Three-Axis Sorting Device for Walnut Shell and Kernel Material," which uses machine vision to identify walnut shells and kernels, and then uses an equipped robotic arm to sort them; and patent number 202321502666.8, titled "A Variable Gap..." A "drum-type screening machine" uses a rotating screen cylinder to separate walnut shells and kernels; Patent No. 202321258503.X, entitled "A Walnut Shell and Kernel Separation Device", is equipped with a two-stage separation device to separate the septum from the walnut shell and kernel mixture; Patent No. "202310506633.9", entitled "An Automatic Walnut Shell and Kernel Sorting Device and Sorting Method", is equipped with a sorting pretreatment component to ensure that the weight of the walnut shells and kernels being sorted is within a fixed range.

[0004] After walnuts are shelled by a shell-crushing machine, the intact walnut shells and kernels are broken into different sizes and mixed together. The broken kernels are then divided into 1 / 2 kernel, 1 / 2 shell, 1 / 4 kernel, 1 / 4 shell, 1 / 8 kernel, 1 / 8 shell, and even smaller fragments according to their proportion relative to the intact kernels. The better the shell-crushing effect, the higher the proportion of 1 / 2 and 1 / 4 grade materials in the kernel-shell mixture. Different varieties of walnuts have significant size differences; for example, Yangbi walnuts are about 2.5-3.5 cm in diameter, while Xinjiang Xinfeng walnuts can reach 5-6 cm in diameter, a considerable difference. The aforementioned walnut shell-kernel separation equipment is usually designed based on the size parameters of a specific walnut variety and the walnut shell-kernel mixture produced by a fixed shell-crushing machine, without further considering the versatility of the walnut shell-kernel separator in handling different varieties and different component kernel mixtures. Furthermore, in actual production, the wind speed of the air classifier is often fixed, making it difficult to adjust the air classifier speed in real time based on the results to maintain a high separation rate, which leads to poor final cleaning results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator and an air separation parameter adjustment method, which can realize the separation of various walnut shell kernel mixtures and improve the walnut shell kernel cleaning rate.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator, including a frame, a feeding device, a vibrating screening device, and an air separation device. The vibrating screening device is located on one side of the frame, the air separation device is located on the other side of the frame, and the feeding device is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device. The vibrating screening device includes a vibrating screen support, a kernel collection plate, a combined grading screen, and a vibrating motor. The vibrating screen support has a double-layer frame structure and is located on one side of the frame. One end of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support is hinged to a bearing seat on the frame, and the other end is mounted on a spring seat of the vibrating screen support through a hinge shaft. The spring seat of the vibrating screen support is fixedly connected to the frame. The combined grading screen is fixedly installed in the upper frame of the vibrating screen support, and the kernel collection plate is fixedly installed in the lower frame of the vibrating screen support. Vibrating motor guide rails are arranged on the two upper frame bars along the vibration conveying direction of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support. The mounting base plate of the vibrating motor support is mounted on the vibrating motor guide rails through guide rail sliders. The vibrating motor is fixedly connected to the vibrating motor support. A guide rail clamp is arranged on the outer side of each guide rail slider.

[0007] Furthermore, the combined grading screen includes three types of grading screens: a small-hole screen plate, a medium-hole screen plate, and a large-hole screen plate. The screen holes of the small-hole screen plate are round holes, while the screen holes of the medium-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate are both oblong holes. The radius of the round hole of the small-hole screen plate is the same as the radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate. The radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the large-hole screen plate, and the axial length of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the axial length of the oblong hole of the large-hole screen plate. The small-hole screen plate is fixed to the bearing side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support, the large-hole screen plate is fixed to the spring seat side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support, and the medium-hole screen plate is fixed to the upper frame of the vibrating screen support and located between the small-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate.

[0008] Furthermore, two vertical baffles are evenly installed at intervals along the vibration conveying direction on the shell core collecting plate, dividing the shell core collecting plate into three areas of the same size: area I, area II, and area III. Each area of ​​the shell core collecting plate has a collecting trough near the right side. The collecting troughs are arranged at an incline, with the output end of the collecting troughs facing downwards. After the material falls into the shell core collecting plate, it is collected into the collecting trough.

[0009] Furthermore, the shell core collecting plate has a slag hole in region I, the radius of which is smaller than the radius of the circular hole of the small hole screen plate. The slag collecting plate is connected to the lower frame of the vibrating screen support and is located directly below the slag hole in region I.

[0010] Furthermore, the vibrating screen device also includes a material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism. The material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism is located on the long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support. There are two such mechanisms, which are located at the two trisections of the long side.

[0011] Furthermore, each of the material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanisms includes a circumferential positioning ring, a rear axle seat, a rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting, a detachable material distribution plate, and a front axle seat; the front axle seat is fixed to one long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support, and the rear axle seat is fixed to the other long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support; the long shaft at one end of the rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting passes through the shaft hole of the rear axle seat until the spline at the end of the long shaft mates with the spline hole at the center of the circumferential positioning ring, the short shaft at the other end of the rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting is inserted into the shaft hole of the front axle seat, and the detachable material distribution plate is inserted into the slot of the rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting and fixed. Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves are opened on the outer end face of the circumferential positioning ring, and threaded holes corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves are opened on the end face of the rear axle seat. The circumferential positioning ring and the rear axle seat are fixed together by bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, the air separation device includes three air separation unit units, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with three collection troughs; each air separation unit includes a feeding conveyor belt, an air separation channel, a positive pressure fan, and a discharge conveyor belt; the air separation channel is fixedly connected to the frame, the output end of the feeding conveyor belt is located directly above the inlet of the air separation channel, and the feeding end of the feeding conveyor belt is located directly below the output end of the corresponding collection trough; the positive pressure fan is located directly below the air separation feeding conveyor belt and is fixedly connected to the frame, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air separation channel, and the discharge conveyor belt is located directly below the walnut shell discharge outlet of the air separation channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the air separation device also includes a feed conveyor belt speed controller, a positive pressure fan speed controller, a wind speed sensor, a first camera, and a second camera; the first camera is located above the walnut kernel outlet on the lower side of the air separation channel, the second camera is located directly above the discharge conveyor belt, the feed conveyor belt speed controller controls the speed of the air separation feed conveyor belt, the positive pressure fan speed controller controls the speed of the positive pressure fan, and the wind speed sensor detects the wind speed in the air separation channel.

[0014] A method for adjusting the air separation parameters of a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator as described in any of the above is also provided, as follows: Step 1) Camera 1 captures images of the raw material from the walnut kernel outlet, and camera 2 captures images of the raw material from the walnut shell outlet; Step 2) Cut out a single image unit containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel from each original material image. Determine whether each single image unit is a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image based on key features, and mark the determination result on the single image unit. Step 3) Calculate the clearance rate and loss rate for the individual image units marked with the judgment results in Step 2). The formulas for calculating the clearance rate and loss rate are as follows: At time T, the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density and the walnut shell pixel area × walnut shell density collected by camera 1 is used as the total mass of walnut kernels discharged from the walnut kernel outlet, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density is used as the mass of pure walnut kernels sorted out; the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 1 and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 is used as the total mass of walnut kernels in the raw material, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 is used as the mass of walnut kernels discharged from the walnut shell outlet. Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and cleaning rate, as follows: If the cleaning rate is below 90% and the loss rate is below 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air classifier speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller via Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air classifier speed. The conveyor belt speed will be reduced by a step size L1 each time, and the air classifier speed will be increased by a step size L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is above 90% and the loss rate is below 5% and then the adjustment will stop. If the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the air classifier speed and increase the feed speed will be sent to the feed conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller via Bluetooth protocol. The feed conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller will convert the adjustment command into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and decrease the air classifier speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by step L1 each time, and the air classifier speed will decrease by step L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% and then the adjustment will stop. If the cleaning rate is below 90% and the loss rate is above 5%, the adjustment command to increase the air speed and feed speed will be sent to the feed conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller via Bluetooth protocol. The feed conveyor belt speed controller and the positive pressure fan speed controller will convert the adjustment command into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by a step size L1 each time, and the air separation speed will increase by a step size L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is above 90% and the loss rate is below 5% and then the adjustment will stop. The step size L1 is 0.04~0.06 m / s, and the step size L2 is 0.1~0.3 m / s.

[0015] Furthermore, the key features include color features, texture features, and shape features. The color features are that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture features are that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape features are that the walnut shell has irregular edges and the walnut kernel has rounded edges.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The combined grading screen and the angle adjustment mechanism of the material distribution plate of the present invention can flexibly adjust the structure of the vibrating screen according to different walnut varieties or changes in the composition of the walnut shell and kernel mixture, thereby improving the cleaning rate and reducing the loss rate. 2) In this invention, the air separation feed speed and the positive pressure fan speed can be automatically adjusted according to the real-time shell and kernel separation situation, so as to ensure that the cleaning rate can be maintained at a high level when facing different walnut shell and kernel materials. 3) This invention combines vibrating screening with air separation. First, the mixture of walnut shells and kernels is graded by vibrating screening. Walnut shells and kernels of similar size grades have less overlap in suspension velocity, making them less likely to mix during air separation, which can effectively improve the cleaning rate. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium-sized vibrating screen; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Rear view diagram; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of small and medium perforated sieve plate structure; Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a medium-sized perforated sieve plate; Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of medium and large aperture sieve plate structure; Figure 7 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the core material collection plate structure; Figure 8 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the center-partition plate angle adjustment mechanism; Figure 9 for Figure 8 The diagram on the left; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the first scale of large, medium, and small sieve plates; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the second scale of large, medium, and small sieve plates; Figure 12 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the stroke separation device; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A diagram showing another direction. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1 The parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator shown includes a frame 1, a feeding device 2, a vibrating screening device 3 and an air separation device 4. The vibrating screening device 3 is located on one side of the frame 1, the air separation device 4 is located on the other side of the frame 1, and the feeding device 2 is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device 3.

[0020] like Figures 2-7As shown, the vibrating screening device 3 includes a vibrating screen support 301, a shell and kernel collection plate 303, a combined grading screen 304, a distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism 308, a vibrating motor 310, and a vibrating motor frequency controller 302. The vibrating screen support 301 has a double-layer frame structure and is located on one side of the frame 1. One end of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support 301 is hinged to the shaft seat on the frame, and the other end is installed on the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 through the hinge shaft. The vibrating screen support spring seat 306 is fixed to the frame 1 with bolts. The combined grading screen 304 is fixedly installed in the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301, and the shell and kernel collection plate 303 is fixedly installed in the lower frame of the vibrating screen support 301. Vibration motor guide rails 305 are arranged on the two upper frame bars along the vibration conveying direction of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301. The mounting base plate of the vibrating motor support 309 is mounted on the vibrating motor guide rails 305 through guide rail sliders 311. The vibrating motor 310 is fixed to the vibrating motor support 309 with bolts. A guide rail clamp 312 is arranged on the outer side of each guide rail slider 311 (i.e., towards the end of the vibrating screen support 301). When the vibrating motor 310 is working, the guide rail clamp 312 cannot slide on the vibrating motor guide rail 305 when it is in the clamping state, and can slide freely when it is in the unclamping state, thereby controlling the relative position of the vibrating motor 310 on the vibrating motor guide rail 305.

[0021] The vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibrating screen support 301 can be flexibly adjusted: the vibration frequency is adjusted by controlling the speed of the vibrating motor 310, and the amplitude is adjusted by changing the relative position of the vibrating motor 310 on the vibrating motor guide rail 305. The closer the vibrating motor 310 is to the vibrating screen support spring seat 306, the greater its torque on the other end of the shaft seat, the greater the peak pressure on the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 during vibration, and the greater the amplitude. The vibrating screening device 3 compresses the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 under its own gravity, and tilts itself to the right (i.e., in the direction of the vibrating screen support spring seat 306). During vibration, the balance position of the vibrating screening device 3 is not horizontal, so the material will spontaneously move to the right. When the vibrating motor 310 is working, it generates an excitation force that causes the vibrating screening device 3 to rotate back and forth slightly around the hinge shaft on the side of the vibrating screen support spring seat 306, throwing the material back and forth to collide with the combined grading screen 304 for screening. The vibration frequency controller 302 is located on the frame 1 and is used to control the vibration frequency of the vibrating motor 310.

[0022] The combined grading screen 304 includes three types of grading screens: small-hole screen plates, medium-hole screen plates, and large-hole screen plates. The screen holes of the small-hole screen plate are round holes, while the screen holes of the medium-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate are all oblong holes. The radius of the round hole of the small-hole screen plate is the same as the radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate. The radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the radius of the semicircle at the end of the oblong hole of the large-hole screen plate, and the axial length of the oblong hole of the medium-hole screen plate is smaller than the axial length of the oblong hole of the large-hole screen plate. The small-hole screen plate is fixed to the bearing side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301, the large-hole screen plate is fixed to the vibrating screen support spring seat 306 side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301, and the medium-hole screen plate is fixed to the upper frame of the vibrating screen support 301 and located between the small-hole screen plate and the large-hole screen plate.

[0023] Two vertical baffles 303b are evenly installed on the kernel collection plate 303 along the vibrating conveying direction, dividing the kernel collection plate 303 into three areas of the same size: area I, area II, and area III. These areas are used to collect different sizes of walnut kernels sieved through different sieve holes: broken pieces and 1 / 8 of the walnut kernels fall into kernel collection plate area I through the small-hole sieve plate; 1 / 4 of the walnut kernels fall into kernel collection plate area II through the bell-hole sieve plate; 1 / 2 of the walnut kernels fall into kernel collection plate area III through the large-hole sieve plate; and some larger walnut kernel fragments will leave from the right end of the combined grading sieve 304 (i.e., the side of the vibrating screen support spring seat 306). Each area of ​​the kernel collection plate 303 has a collection trough 303a near the right side (i.e., in the vibrating conveying direction). The collection troughs 303a are arranged at an angle with their output ends facing downwards. After the material falls into the kernel collection plate 303, it is concentrated in the collection troughs 303a and falls forward into the air-separated feed conveyor belt 401 under the action of gravity. Region I of the kernel collection plate 303 has a slag hole 303c. The radius of the slag hole is smaller than the radius of the circular hole of the small hole screen plate, which is used to screen out fine slag. The slag collection plate 307 is bolted to the lower frame of the vibrating screen support 301 and is located directly below the slag hole in region I, which concentrates the screened slag for easy collection.

[0024] like Figure 8 , Figure 9The shown material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism 308 is located on the long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support 301. There are two mechanisms, located at two equal divisions of the long side. Each material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism 308 includes a circumferential positioning ring 308a, a rear axle seat 308b, a rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting 308c, a detachable material distribution plate 308d, and a front axle seat 308e. The front axle seat 308e is bolted to one long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support 301, and the rear axle seat 308b is bolted to the other long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support. The long shaft at one end of the rectangular plate frame with shaft mounting 308c passes through the rear axle seat. The spline at the end of the long shaft of 308b mates with the spline hole at the center of the circumferential positioning ring 308a, allowing it to rotate or be fixed together with the circumferential positioning ring 308a. The short shaft at the other end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c is inserted into the shaft hole of the front axle seat 308e. The detachable material distribution plate 308d is inserted into the slot of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c. The detachable material distribution plate 308d and the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c are fixed together by bolts.

[0025] Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves 308f are opened on the outer end face of the circumferential positioning ring 308a. Threaded holes corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves are opened on the end face of the rear axle seat 308b. The circumferential positioning ring 308a and the rear axle seat 308b are fixed together by bolts. Loosening the bolts causes the circumferential positioning ring 308a to rotate together with the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame 308c, thereby adjusting the angle of the detachable material distribution plate 308d. When rotated to the desired position, the bolts are tightened, and the upper end face of the detachable material distribution plate 308d abuts against the lower surface of the combined grading screen 304.

[0026] The combined grading screen 304 in the vibrating screening device 3 can be flexibly adjusted as needed, such as... Figure 10 As shown, the standard combined grading sieve 304 has a large, medium, and small sieve plate ratio of 8:8:8. If the shell-breaking effect is good and the proportion of small materials such as 1 / 8 shell kernels in the shell-kernel mixture is small, the proportion of small sieve plates can be appropriately reduced. Figure 11 As shown, the ratio of large, medium, and small screen plates is adjusted to 9:10:5, allowing 1 / 4 and 1 / 8 shell kernels to be fully screened. However, after adjustment, the material grading boundaries of the combined grading screen 304 also change. The boundary line of the small and medium screen holes shifts to the left by 3 screen plate widths, and the boundary line of the large and medium screen holes shifts to the left by 1 screen plate width. Therefore, the detachable separating plate 308d needs to be adjusted to completely separate the size-graded materials into their corresponding areas. The adjustment method is as follows: loosen the bolts of the circumferential positioning ring 308a, rotate the circumferential positioning ring 308a to tilt the separating plate. The tilt angle should be such that the extended line of the detachable separating plate 308d in the length direction intersects the screen hole boundary line. Since the hypotenuse of a right triangle is longer than any right-angled side, a longer separating plate needs to be replaced. After replacement, tighten the bolts on the circumferential positioning ring 308a to complete the adjustment.

[0027] like Figure 12 , Figure 13 As shown, the air classifier 4 includes three air classifier units, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the three collection troughs 303a. Each air classifier unit includes a feeding conveyor belt 401, an air classifier channel 403, a positive pressure fan 402, a feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404, a positive pressure fan speed controller 405, a discharging conveyor belt 406, a wind speed sensor 407, a first camera 408, and a second camera 409. The air-separating channel 403 is bolted to the frame 1. The output end of the feeding conveyor belt 401 is located directly above the feed inlet of the air-separating channel 403, and the feed end of the feeding conveyor belt 401 is located directly below the output end of the corresponding collection trough 303a. The feeding conveyor belt 401 is driven by a motor. The positive pressure fan 402 is located directly below the air-separating feeding conveyor belt 401 and is bolted to the frame 1. Its outlet is connected to the bottom inlet of the air-separating channel. The discharge conveyor belt 406 is located directly below the walnut shell discharge outlet of the air-separating channel 403. Camera 408 is located above the walnut kernel discharge outlet on the lower side of the air-separating channel 403, and camera 409 is located directly above the discharge conveyor belt 406. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 controls the speed of the air-separating feeding conveyor belt 401, the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 controls the speed of the positive pressure fan 402, and the wind speed sensor 407 detects the wind speed of the air-separating channel 403.

[0028] When the air separation device 4 is working, the material falls from the shell and kernel collection plate trough 303a onto the air separation feed conveyor belt 401, and is then transported to the inlet of the air separation channel 403. The positive pressure fan 402 operates, generating an upward separating airflow within the air separation channel 403. The air speed is controlled by the positive pressure fan speed controller 405. The suspension velocity of walnut shells of the same size grade is significantly lower than that of walnut kernels. Therefore, the lighter walnut shells move upward under the influence of the airflow and exit from the walnut shell outlet, while the heavier walnut kernels move downward and exit from the walnut kernel outlet, ultimately achieving separation. The wind speed sensor 407 measures the air separation wind speed, providing a quantitative indicator for subsequent wind speed adjustments and preventing excessive adjustments that could miss the optimal air separation speed. Camera 408 and camera 409 respectively capture material images from the walnut kernel outlet and walnut shell outlet after separation, used for subsequent calculations of the cleaning rate and loss rate.

[0029] The specific process of adjusting the air separation parameters of the parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator of the present invention is as follows: Step 1) Camera 408 captures images of the raw material from the walnut kernel outlet, and camera 409 captures images of the raw material from the walnut shell outlet; Step 2) Cut out a single image unit containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel from each original material image. Determine whether each single image unit is a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image based on key features, and mark the determination result on the single image unit. Key features include color, texture, and shape. The color features are that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture features are that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape features are that the walnut shell has irregular edges and the walnut kernel has rounded edges.

[0030] Step 3) Calculate the clearance rate and loss rate for the individual image units marked with the judgment results in Step 2). The formulas for calculating the clearance rate and loss rate are as follows: The mass of walnut shells and kernels is linearly related to their image area size. Therefore, the mass of walnut shells and kernels can be represented by the product of the pixel area size of the walnut shell and kernel image and their respective densities.

[0031] At time T, the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density and the walnut shell pixel area × walnut shell density collected by camera 1 (408) is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels discharged from the walnut kernel outlet, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density is used as the mass of the pure walnut kernels sorted out; the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 1 (408) and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 (409) is used as the total mass of walnut kernels in the raw material, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 (409) is used as the mass of the walnut kernels discharged from the walnut shell outlet.

[0032] Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and cleaning rate, as follows: If the cleaning rate is below 90% and the loss rate is below 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air classifier speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 via Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air classifier speed. The conveyor belt speed will be reduced by a step size L1 each time, and the air classifier speed will be increased by a step size L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is above 90% and the loss rate is below 5% and the adjustment will stop. The step size L1 is 0.04~0.06 m / s and the step size L2 is 0.1~0.3 m / s.

[0033] If the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the air classifier speed and increase the feed speed will be sent to the feed conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 via Bluetooth protocol. The feed conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then increase the conveyor belt speed and decrease the air classifier speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by step L1 each time, and the air classifier speed will decrease by step L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% and the adjustment will stop. The step L1 is 0.04~0.06 m / s and the step L2 is 0.1~0.3 m / s.

[0034] If the cleaning rate is below 90% and the loss rate is above 5%, the adjustment command to increase the air speed and the feeding speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 via Bluetooth protocol. The feeding conveyor belt speed controller 404 and the positive pressure fan speed controller 405 will convert the adjustment command into PWM signals and then increase the conveyor belt speed and the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by step L1 each time, and the air separation speed will increase by step L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is above 90% and the loss rate is below 5% and the adjustment will stop. The step L1 is 0.04~0.06 m / s and the step L2 is 0.1~0.3 m / s.

[0035] The boundary conditions for the above feed rate are 0.6~1.5m / s, and the boundary conditions for the air separation rate are 4~12m / s.

[0036] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention. The structure and connection method of each component can be varied. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant details can be found in the method section. The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent modifications and improvements made based on the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the air separation parameters of a parallel duct-type multi-stage walnut shell and kernel separator, characterized in that: The specific method for adjusting the wind separation parameters is as follows: Step 1) Camera 1 (408) captures the original material image of the walnut kernel outlet, and Camera 2 (409) captures the original material image of the walnut shell outlet; Step 2) Cut out a single image unit containing only a single walnut shell or walnut kernel from each original material image. Determine whether each single image unit is a walnut shell image or a walnut kernel image based on key features, and mark the determination result on the single image unit. Step 3) Calculate the clearance rate and loss rate for the individual image units marked with the judgment results in Step 2). The formulas for calculating the clearance rate and loss rate are as follows: At time T, the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density and the walnut shell pixel area × walnut shell density collected by camera 1 (408) is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels discharged from the walnut kernel outlet, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density is used as the mass of the pure walnut kernels sorted out; the sum of the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 1 (408) and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 (409) is used as the total mass of the walnut kernels in the raw material, and the walnut kernel pixel area × walnut kernel density collected by camera 2 (409) is used as the mass of the walnut kernels at the walnut shell outlet; Step 4) Adjust the air separation parameters according to the loss rate and cleaning rate, as follows: If the cleaning rate is below 90% and the loss rate is below 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the feeding speed and increase the air separation speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then reduce the conveyor belt speed and increase the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed will be reduced by a step size L1 each time, and the air separation speed will be increased by a step size L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is above 90% and the loss rate is below 5% and the adjustment will stop. If the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment command to reduce the air separation speed and increase the feeding speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then increase the conveyor belt speed and decrease the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by step L1 each time, and the air separation speed will decrease by step L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% and the adjustment will stop. If the cleaning rate is lower than 90% and the loss rate is higher than 5%, the adjustment command to increase the air speed and the feeding speed will be sent to the feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405). The feeding conveyor belt speed controller (404) and the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) will convert the adjustment command into a PWM signal and then increase the conveyor belt speed and the air separation speed. The conveyor belt speed will increase by step L1 each time, and the air separation speed will increase by step L2 each time. Steps 1) to 3) will be repeated until the cleaning rate is higher than 90% and the loss rate is lower than 5% and the adjustment will stop. The step size L1 is 0.04~0.06 m / s, and the step size L2 is 0.1~0.3 m / s.

2. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The key features include color features, texture features and shape features. The color features are that the walnut shell is dark brown and the walnut kernel is light yellow. The texture features are that the walnut shell is rough and the walnut kernel is smooth. The shape features are that the walnut shell has irregular edges and the walnut kernel has rounded edges.

3. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes a parallel air duct type multi-stage walnut shell kernel separator, including a frame (1), a feeding device (2), a vibrating screening device (3) and an air separation device (4). The vibrating screening device (3) is located on one side of the frame (1), the air separation device (4) is located on the other side of the frame (1), and the feeding device (2) is located at the front end of the vibrating screening device (3). The vibrating screening device (3) includes a vibrating screen support (301), a shell kernel collection plate (303), a combined grading screen (304), and a vibrating motor (310). The vibrating screen support (301) is a double-layer frame structure and is located on one side of the frame (1). One end of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support (301) is hinged to the bearing seat on the frame, and the other end is mounted on the hinge shaft. The spring seat (306) of the vibrating screen support is fixedly connected to the frame (1); the combined grading screen (304) is fixedly installed in the upper frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the shell core collecting plate (303) is fixedly installed in the lower frame of the vibrating screen support (301); the upper frame of the vibrating screen support (301) is provided with two upper frame bars along the vibration conveying direction and a vibrating motor guide rail (305); the mounting base plate of the vibrating motor support (309) is installed on the vibrating motor guide rail (305) through the guide rail slider (311); the vibrating motor (310) is fixedly connected to the vibrating motor support (309); and a guide rail clamp (312) is provided on the outside of each guide rail slider (311).

4. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 3, characterized in that: The combined grading sieve (304) includes three types of grading sieve plates: small-hole sieve plate, medium-hole sieve plate, and large-hole sieve plate. The sieve holes of the small-hole sieve plate are round holes, while the sieve holes of the medium-hole sieve plate and the large-hole sieve plate are all waist-shaped holes. The radius of the round hole of the small-hole sieve plate is the same as the radius of the semicircle at the end of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate. The radius of the semicircle at the end of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate is smaller than the radius of the semicircle at the end of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole sieve plate. The axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the medium-hole sieve plate is smaller than the axial length of the waist-shaped hole of the large-hole sieve plate. The small-hole sieve plate is fixed on the bearing side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support (301), the large-hole sieve plate is fixed on the vibrating screen support spring seat (306) side of the upper frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the medium-hole sieve plate is fixed on the upper frame of the vibrating screen support (301) and located between the small-hole sieve plate and the large-hole sieve plate.

5. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 4, characterized in that: Two vertical baffles (303b) are evenly installed on the shell kernel collecting plate (303) along the vibration conveying direction, dividing the shell kernel collecting plate (303) into three areas of the same size: area I, area II, and area III. Each area of ​​the shell kernel collecting plate (303) has a collecting trough (303a) near the right side. The collecting trough (303a) is arranged at an angle, with the output end of the collecting trough (303a) facing downwards. After the material falls into the shell kernel collecting plate (303), it is collected into the collecting trough (303a).

6. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 5, characterized in that: The shell core collecting plate (303) has a slag hole (303c) in region I. The radius of the slag hole is smaller than the radius of the circular hole of the small hole screen plate. The slag collecting plate (307) is connected to the lower frame of the vibrating screen support (301) and is located directly below the slag hole in region I.

7. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The vibrating screen device (3) also includes a material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism (308). The material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanism (308) is located on the long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support (301). There are two of them, located at the two trisections of the long side respectively.

8. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 7, characterized in that: Each of the aforementioned material distribution plate angle adjustment mechanisms (308) includes a circumferential positioning ring (308a), a rear axle seat (308b), a shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c), a detachable material distribution plate (308d), and a front axle seat (308e); the front axle seat (308e) is fixed to one long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support (301), and the rear axle seat (308b) is fixed to the other long side of the lower frame of the vibrating screen support; the long shaft at one end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c) passes through the shaft hole of the rear axle seat (308b) until the spline at the end of the long shaft mates with the spline hole in the center of the circumferential positioning ring (308a), the short shaft at the other end of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c) is inserted into the shaft hole of the front axle seat (308e), and the detachable material distribution plate (308d) is inserted into the slot of the shaft-mounted rectangular plate frame (308c) and fixed. Two symmetrically arranged arc-shaped grooves (308f) are opened on the outer end face of the circumferential positioning ring (308a), and threaded holes corresponding to the two arc-shaped grooves are opened on the end face of the rear axle seat (308b). The circumferential positioning ring (308a) and the rear axle seat (308b) are fixed together by bolts.

9. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The air separation device (4) includes three air separation device units, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with three collection troughs (303a). Each air separation device unit includes a feeding conveyor belt (401), an air separation channel (403), a positive pressure fan (402), and a discharge conveyor belt (406). The air separation channel (403) is fixedly connected to the frame (1). The output end of the feeding conveyor belt (401) is located directly above the feed inlet of the air separation channel (403), and the feed end of the feeding conveyor belt (401) is located directly below the output end of the corresponding collection trough (303a). The positive pressure fan (402) is located directly below the air separation feeding conveyor belt (401) and is fixedly connected to the frame (1). The air outlet is connected to the air inlet at the bottom of the air separation channel. The discharge conveyor belt (406) is located directly below the walnut shell discharge outlet of the air separation channel (403).

10. The method for adjusting wind separation parameters according to claim 9, characterized in that: The air separation device (4) also includes a feed conveyor belt speed controller (404), a positive pressure fan speed controller (405), a wind speed sensor (407), a first camera (408), and a second camera (409); the first camera (408) is located above the walnut kernel outlet on the lower side of the air separation channel (403), the second camera (409) is located directly above the discharge conveyor belt (406), the feed conveyor belt speed controller (404) controls the speed of the air separation feed conveyor belt (401), the positive pressure fan speed controller (405) controls the speed of the positive pressure fan (402), and the wind speed sensor (407) detects the wind speed of the air separation channel (403).

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