A river and lake sudden pollutant leakage cross-border pollution real-time monitoring and disposal system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a real-time monitoring and treatment system and method for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes. The system's dynamic monitoring system has at least one monitoring point in both the sudden pollution system and the conventional pollution system. It acquires pollution information in real time and transmits it to an intelligent control system, which is connected to a water purification system and a hydrodynamic control system. The sudden pollution system, conventional pollution system, and water purification system are arranged along both sides of the river, with control gates located upstream and downstream of the river and at the confluence of each system with the river. The water purification system includes ecological purification ponds located upstream and downstream of the river. Flow and concentration monitors monitor the discharge of new pollutants from each pollution source in real time, while water level and flow velocity monitors clarify the hydrological conditions of the river. The monitored data is transmitted to the intelligent control system via a signal transceiver, enabling real-time monitoring, command execution, and data feedback. This system offers advantages such as timeliness, scientific rigor, accuracy, and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of environmental protection and data monitoring, specifically relating to a real-time monitoring and treatment system and method for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, environmental pollution incidents have occurred frequently, especially sudden pollutant leaks and their transboundary transport, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. The existing environmental monitoring and emergency response system has the following shortcomings: First, sudden pollution sources have significant temporal uncertainty, and their leaks often overlap with conventional pollution sources, further increasing the complexity of the pollution. However, the changes in pollutants over time and distance are currently unclear, making it difficult to accurately predict their transmission paths and impact range. This uncertainty poses a significant challenge to early deployment and precise control. Second, the existing pollution monitoring system exhibits significant lag: on the one hand, limitations in monitoring technology lead to insufficient timeliness in detecting sudden leaks; on the other hand, the accuracy and completeness of monitoring data are insufficient, making it difficult to quickly and accurately identify pollution sources and pollution levels. This untimely and inaccurate monitoring situation makes early warning and rapid response to pollution incidents difficult to achieve. Finally, the handling of pollutant leaks was neither scientific nor timely: on the one hand, the emergency response mechanism lacked systematicity and coordination, making it difficult for various departments to form an effective synergy when facing cross-border pollution; on the other hand, existing technologies could not provide real-time and accurate decision support, causing emergency measures to often lag behind the speed of pollution spread, further expanding the scope of pollution impact and increasing the difficulty of remediation. To address these problems, there is an urgent need for a system and method capable of real-time monitoring of sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes. This system should utilize intelligent and automated means to achieve real-time tracking of pollution transmission paths and efficient coordination of emergency response, thereby effectively reducing the harm of pollution incidents to the environment and human health, and improving environmental emergency management capabilities.

[0003] Patent application CN202410810567.9 describes a pollutant source tracing method and system based on the CALPUFF diffusion model. The method includes: acquiring meteorological data and pollution source emission data related to a preset geographical area and time; obtaining a three-dimensional meteorological field file consistent with the CALPUFF diffusion model data structure based on the meteorological data, generating the three-dimensional meteorological field required for the CALPUFF diffusion model to simulate the pollutant diffusion process; and simulating the pollutant diffusion process of several pollution sources at a preset time based on the CALPUFF diffusion model, combining the three-dimensional meteorological field, pollution source emission data, and location information of several receptor points, to determine the pollutant source corresponding to each receptor point. This patent primarily focuses on source tracing based on the diffusion model, failing to consider the temporal uncertainty of pollution sources and neglecting to superimpose conventional pollutants, resulting in limited and singular monitoring capabilities.

[0004] Patent application CN202310914253.9 discloses a method and system for predicting the occurrence of new soil pollutants. The method involves acquiring soil monitoring data from soil monitoring units within a preset area, preprocessing the data to extract soil physicochemical properties and information on new pollutants, generating a historical occurrence sequence of new pollutants within the preset area to obtain their distribution, generating an undirected graph based on the soil monitoring units and the distribution of new pollutants within the preset area, and introducing a federated learning algorithm into a graph convolutional neural network to construct a prediction model for the occurrence of new pollutants, generating predicted data for the occurrence of new pollutants, updating the distribution of new pollutants, and analyzing the pollution risk of the updated distribution of new pollutants to provide pollution warnings. However, this patent only monitors after preprocessing, failing to achieve real-time monitoring of pollutant occurrence, resulting in problems of untimely and inaccurate monitoring.

[0005] Patent application CN202411039321.2 discloses a new intelligent dynamic monitoring system for pollutants based on an environmental steward, relating to the field of pollutant monitoring technology. The system includes a construction module for acquiring emission information of new pollutants and building an emission model based on that information; a division module, connected to the construction module, for determining the corresponding monitoring range of new pollutants based on emission points; a establishment module, connected to the division module, for establishing and connecting corresponding virtual block models based on multiple sub-control points; and a judgment module, connected to the establishment module, for collecting new pollutant information within the corresponding monitoring range of new pollutants through the sub-control points. This patent primarily focuses on pollutant monitoring but cannot provide timely response to pollution situations, and the handling of pollution after detection is also delayed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the current inadequacy of control measures for sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes, this invention provides a real-time monitoring and treatment system and method for sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border pollution in rivers and lakes. Based on monitoring and assessing the discharge and diffusion of new pollutants in the river channel, and timely, accurate and scientific treatment of the excess discharge, this invention enhances the early warning and prevention capabilities for the leakage and diffusion of new pollutants in the river channel.

[0007] Technical solution: The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A real-time monitoring and disposal system for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes includes: a sudden pollution system 1, a conventional pollution system 2, a water purification system 3, a hydrodynamic control system 4, a dynamic monitoring system 5, an intelligent control system 6, and a river channel 7.

[0009] The sudden pollution system 1 includes a sudden pollution source 1-1 and a drainage ditch 1-2; wherein the new pollutants released by the pollution source 1-1 flow into the river 7 through the drainage ditch 1-2;

[0010] The conventional pollution system 2 includes farmland irrigation pollution sources 2-1-1 ~ 2-1-x, aquaculture pollution sources 2-2-1 ~ 2-2-y, livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources 2-3-1 ~ 2-3-z, and drainage ditches 2-4; where x, y, and z are the number of farmland irrigation pollution sources, farmland irrigation pollution sources, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources within the river monitoring area, respectively. Each pollution source is distributed on both sides of the river 7 and flows into the river 7 through drainage ditches 2-4.

[0011] The water purification system 3 includes an upstream ecological purification pond 3-1, a downstream ecological purification pond 3-2, a fully automatic treatment device 3-3, and aquatic plants 3-4; among them, the fully automatic treatment device 3-3 includes a fully automatic aerator 3-3-1 and a fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2.

[0012] The hydrodynamic control system 4-1 includes the following control gates: 4-1 for sudden pollution sources, 4-2-1 to 4-2-x for farmland irrigation pollution sources, 4-3-1 to 4-3-y for aquaculture pollution sources, 4-4-1 to 4-4-z for livestock and poultry farming pollution sources, 4-5-1 for upstream control points, 4-5-2 for downstream control points, 4-6-1 for upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate, and 4-6-2 for downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate.

[0013] The dynamic monitoring system 5 includes monitoring points for sudden pollution sources 5-1, farmland irrigation pollution sources 5-2-1 ~ 5-2-x, aquaculture pollution sources 5-3-1 ~ 5-3-y, and poultry farming pollution sources 5-4-1 ~ 5-4-z; each monitoring point is equipped with a flow monitor 5-5 and a new pollutant concentration monitor 5-6; at the same time, water level monitors 5-7 and flow velocity monitors 5-8 are set up in the river to monitor the water level and flow velocity of the river; in addition, a meteorological station 5-9 is set up on the bank to monitor rainfall; the monitored data is transmitted to the intelligent control system 6 in real time.

[0014] The intelligent control system 6 is located on the riverbank and includes a signal transceiver 6-1, a data storage device 6-2, an arithmetic unit 6-3, and a controller 6-4.

[0015] The number of upstream pollution sources 2-1-1 ~ 2-1-x, aquaculture pollution sources 2-2-1 ~ 2-2-y, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources 2-3-1 ~ 2-3-z are x1, y1, and z1, respectively; and the number of downstream pollution sources are x2, y2, and z2, respectively, satisfying x1+x2=x, y1+y2=y, and z1+z2=z.

[0016] The surface area of ​​the upstream river channel is A. 上 The downstream river channel surface area is A. 下.

[0017] The diffusion rate and self-cleaning coefficient of the new pollutants were obtained through experiments and calculations; among them, at a fixed location and a flow velocity v, the self-cleaning coefficient of the pollutants over time... :

[0018] (Equation 1)

[0019] In the formula, Let be the concentration of the new pollutant at time t under flow velocity v;

[0020] At a fixed time and flow velocity v, the diffusion coefficient of pollutants with increasing diffusion distance. :

[0021] (Equation 2)

[0022] In the formula, Let be the concentration of the new pollutant at a distance d from the pollution source under a flow velocity v.

[0023] The system operates according to the following steps:

[0024] Step 1:

[0025] Initially, the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 were all open, while the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 were closed.

[0026] Step Two:

[0027] At time t0, the dynamic monitoring system 5 detects a new pollutant leak at the sudden pollution source 1-1 and transmits the signal to the transceiver 6-1 of the intelligent control system 6. At the same time, the system's flow monitors 5-7 and new pollutant concentration monitors 5-8 monitor the real-time flow and real-time new pollutant concentration, respectively. At time t1, the controller 6-4 of the control system closes the sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 through the transceiver 6-1. The interval between t0 and t1 is the time required for the system to react.

[0028] Step 3:

[0029] The arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the total amount of new pollutants emitted upstream during the sudden pollution source leak. :

[0030] (Equation 3)

[0031] Among them, sudden pollution sources ;

[0032] Agricultural irrigation pollution sources

[0033] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0034] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0035] In the formula: This refers to the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the monitoring point of the sudden pollution source; This refers to the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the monitoring point of the sudden pollution source; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th farmland irrigation pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th farmland irrigation pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th aquaculture pollution source monitoring point. This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th aquaculture pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th livestock and poultry breeding pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th livestock and poultry breeding pollution source monitoring point;

[0036] Similarly, the total emissions of new pollutants downstream were calculated. :

[0037] (Equation 4)

[0038] Based on the total emissions of new pollutants from upstream and downstream, controller 6-4 assesses the leakage situation and, based on the assessment, divides the system operation into three conditions:

[0039] Operating Condition 1: When and If the leak does not cause any new pollutant emissions to exceed the standard, the controller 6-4 of the control system opens the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 through the signal transceiver 6-1. The upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 remain closed, and the process returns to step one.

[0040] Operating Condition 2: When and At that time, it was indicated that the leak did not cause the upstream new pollutant emissions to exceed the standard, but the influx of the downstream new pollutants further caused the downstream emissions to exceed the standard. The controller 6-4 of the control system opened the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 through the signal transceiver 6-1. The sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, downstream control point control gate 4-5-2, and upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 remained closed.

[0041] Among them, the opening degree of the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 meets the inflow rate of the downstream ecological purification pond 3-2 as follows:

[0042] (Equation 5)

[0043] In the formula, The time limit specified for emergency response to sudden leaks shall be determined based on the actual situation; proceed to step four;

[0044] Operating Condition 3: When This indicates that the leak upstream has already caused new pollutant emissions to exceed the standard. The controller 6-4 of the control system opens the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 through the signal transceiver 6-1, while the sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 remain closed.

[0045] Among them, the opening degree of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 meets the inflow rate of the upstream ecological purification pond 3-1 as follows:

[0046] (Equation 6)

[0047] At the same time, when At the same time, the inlet gate 4-6-2 of the downstream ecological purification pond is also opened, and the opening degree meets the inflow rate of the downstream ecological purification pond 3-2 as follows:

[0048] (Equation 7)

[0049] Conversely, the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 remains closed, and the process proceeds to step four;

[0050] Step Four:

[0051] Operating Condition 2:

[0052] After the second operating condition is activated, water level monitors 5-7 monitor the river water level in real time. ;when At this time, it indicates that the gate control has caused the river water level to be too high, and the system enters the flood discharge state: the control system 6 opens the downstream control point gate 4-5-2, and at the same time, the opening of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 also becomes the maximum, until... If the condition is reversed, then operate under operating condition two; otherwise, maintain operating condition two.

[0053] Simultaneously, the arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time, and the concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2. for:

[0054] (Equation 8)

[0055] in,

[0056]

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at downstream control points from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the river channel was obtained by flow velocity monitor 5-8 during the time period from t0 to t2. (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the new pollutant concentration monitor at time t from the i-th pollution source of type n pollution.

[0060] right Make a judgment: when When the new pollutant leak has been properly handled, controller 6-4 opens the following gates: the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland conventional irrigation pollution source control gates 4-2-1 ~ 4-2-x, the aquaculture pollution source control gates 4-3-1 ~ 4-3-y, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gates 4-4-1 ~ 4-4-z, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2. At the same time, the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 are closed, and the process returns to step one. Otherwise, the process continues to maintain condition two.

[0061] Operating Condition 3:

[0062] After starting operation mode three, water level monitors 5-7 monitor the upstream river level in real time. and downstream river water level ;when When this occurs, it indicates that the gate control has caused the upstream river level to be too high, and the control system 6 opens the upstream control point gate 4-5-1, entering operating condition two; when At this time, it indicates that the gate control has caused the downstream river level to be too high, and the system enters the flood discharge state: the control system 6 opens the downstream control point gate 4-5-2, and at the same time, the opening of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 also becomes the maximum, until... Restore working condition three; when and Maintain operation under condition three at all times;

[0063] Meanwhile, the arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time.

[0064] The concentration of new pollutants at the upstream control point at time t2 for:

[0065] (Equation 9)

[0066] in,

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at the upstream control point from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the upstream river channel was obtained by flow velocity monitor 5-8 during the time period t0~t2; (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the new pollutant concentration monitor at time t in the upstream of the river at the i-th pollution source of type n pollution.

[0071] The concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2 for:

[0072] (Equation 10)

[0073] in,

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077] In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at downstream control points from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the downstream river channel was obtained by flow velocity monitor 5-8 during the time period t0~t2; (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the downstream new pollutant concentration monitor at time t from the i-th pollution source of type n pollution.

[0078] right Make a judgment: when and When the new pollutant leak has been properly handled, controller 6-4 will open the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland conventional irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2. At the same time, the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 will be closed, and the process will return to step one. Otherwise, the process will continue to maintain condition three.

[0079] Volume of upstream ecological purification pond 3-1 and downstream ecological purification pond 3-2 and Design based on river water volume:

[0080] (Equation 11)

[0081] (Equation 12)

[0082] In the formula, This refers to the total water volume below the river's flood level. The volume conversion coefficient of the upstream ecological purification pond is taken as 5-10%; The volume conversion coefficient for the downstream ecological purification pond is taken as 5-20%.

[0083] The fully automatic processing unit 3-3 is arranged according to the grid method. The specific operating steps are as follows:

[0084] Set grid lines in the length a and width b directions of the purification pond according to the following rules one to three;

[0085] Rule 1: If a or b < 15m, then draw one grid line at the midpoint;

[0086] Rule 2: If a or b is located within the range of 15-30m, then divide the grid line at the 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 positions respectively;

[0087] Rule 3: If a or b > 30m, then start from the midpoint and divide the grid line every 10m;

[0088] In the event of a sudden rainfall event during the time period t0 to t2, the system responds quickly and adjusts its operation accordingly:

[0089] Meteorological stations 5-9 monitor rainfall in real time, obtaining the start time of rainfall within the time period t0~t2 as t3 and the end time as t4, which satisfies... At time t, the rainfall intensity is R. t The concentration of the new pollutant was C. 5,t ;

[0090] Equation 3 is then revised as follows:

[0091] (Equation 13)

[0092] in, = ;

[0093] Equation 4 is revised as follows:

[0094] (Equation 14)

[0095] in, = ;

[0096] Equations 8 and 10 are revised as follows:

[0097] (Equation 15)

[0098] in, ];

[0099] Equation 9 is revised as follows:

[0100] (Equation 16)

[0101] in, ];

[0102] The gates of the hydrodynamic control system 4 are electrically operated, employing advanced electric actuators combined with high-performance industrial-grade wireless modules and 32-bit communication processors to ensure stable operation under complex conditions. Each gate is remotely or automatically controlled via the intelligent control system 6, enabling automatic adjustment based on parameters such as gate opening, flow rate, and downstream water level. The gate opening can be freely adjusted to adapt to different water levels and flow requirements. In terms of adjustment accuracy, the gate opening adjustment accuracy reaches the millimeter level, approximately ±1% to ±5%. The gates are made of high-strength aluminum alloy and feature an optimized worm gear structure, reverse self-locking function, and encoder counting. With an IP68 protection rating, they effectively prevent siltation and frost heave deformation, ensuring long-term stable operation in harsh environments.

[0103] The intelligent control system 6 employs a high-performance 32-bit communication processor and an industrial-grade wireless module. The system supports multiple control modes, including local manual, local automatic, and remote control. Utilizing optimized control algorithms and high-precision sensors, the system ensures rapid response upon receiving commands, typically within 0.5 seconds, and an adjustment time (time to reach a stable state) within 2 seconds. Furthermore, the error range of the arithmetic unit 6-3 is less than ±1%. In addition, the intelligent control system 6 can quickly respond and activate protection mechanisms in case of abnormalities such as power supply failures, communication failures, or water flow impurities.

[0104] The fully automatic treatment device 3-3 is an integrated structure, comprising a fully automatic aerator 3-3-1 and a fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2. The aeration capacity of each fully automatic aerator 3-3-1 is... Based on the types of new pollutants and the inflow rate of the purification pond and the concentration of new pollutants at the control points Joint decision:

[0105] (Equation 17)

[0106] In the formula, This represents the maximum emission concentration of the new pollutant, determined based on the type of pollutant and water quality standards. The time limit specified for emergency response to sudden leaks shall be determined based on the actual situation; The conversion coefficient between new pollutant concentration and aeration volume is determined based on the type of pollutant. This refers to the number of fully automatic processing devices 3-3.

[0107] The type of chemical to be added by the fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2 is selected based on the type of new pollutant. Similarly, the dosage of each fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2 is... for:

[0108] (Equation 18)

[0109] In the formula, The conversion coefficient between the concentration of the new pollutant and the dosage of the pesticide is obtained through preliminary experiments on the new pollutant and its corresponding pesticide.

[0110] The dosing accuracy of both the fully automatic aerator 3-3-1 and the fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2 is controlled within ±3%.

[0111] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are:

[0112] (1) This invention integrates a sudden pollution response system, a conventional pollution response system, a water purification system, a hydrodynamic control system, a dynamic monitoring system, and an intelligent control system. By classifying pollution sources into different types, each monitor in the system monitors the emission of new pollutants in real time and accurately, and assesses the leakage situation. Based on the assessment results, different operating conditions are adopted to deal with the cross-border transmission of pollutants. Through intelligent and automated means, it realizes real-time tracking of pollution transmission paths and efficient coordination of emergency response, improving the early warning and prevention capabilities for sudden pollutant leakage and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes. It has the advantages of timeliness, science, accuracy, and flexibility; and fills the gap in the existing technology for real-time tracking and coordinated treatment of cross-border pollution diffusion.

[0113] (2) The present invention adopts intelligent and automated monitoring and disposal methods. It accurately monitors the discharge of pollution sources through flow and concentration monitors, and combines water level and flow velocity monitors to grasp the hydrological conditions of the river in real time. This provides a strong basis for real-time tracking and scientific disposal of pollution diffusion paths, and significantly improves the early warning and prevention capabilities for new pollutant leakage and diffusion in the river.

[0114] (3) The dynamic monitoring system of the present invention has high timeliness and can operate stably and efficiently for a long time, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of monitoring data, and providing timely and reliable support for the ecological health and scientific management of rivers. Attached Figure Description

[0115] Figure 1 Flowchart of methods for real-time monitoring and handling of sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes;

[0116] Figure 2 A flowchart for real-time monitoring and handling of sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes;

[0117] Figure 3 A system layout diagram for real-time monitoring and handling of sudden pollutant leaks and cross-border transmission in rivers and lakes;

[0118] Figure 4 Operating diagrams for the system under different working conditions;

[0119] In the diagram: Sudden Pollution System-1, Conventional Pollution System-2, Water Purification System-3, Hydrodynamic Control System-4, Dynamic Monitoring System-5, Intelligent Control System-6, River Channel-7;

[0120] Among them, the sudden pollution source-1-1 and the drainage ditch-1-2;

[0121] Pollution sources from farmland irrigation: 2-1; pollution sources from aquaculture: 2-2; pollution sources from livestock and poultry farming: 2-3.

[0122] Upstream ecological purification pond-3-1, downstream ecological purification pond-3-2, fully automatic treatment device-3-3, fully automatic aerator-3-3-1, fully automatic dosing machine-3-3-2, aquatic plants-3-4;

[0123] Sudden pollution source control gate-4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate-4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate-4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate-4-4, upstream control point control gate-4-5-1, downstream control point control gate-4-5-2, upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate-4-6-1, downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate-4-6-2;

[0124] Sudden pollution source monitoring point - 5-1, farmland irrigation pollution source monitoring point - 5-2, aquaculture pollution source monitoring point - 5-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source monitoring point - 5-4, flow monitor - 5-5, new pollutant concentration monitor - 5-6, water level monitor - 5-7, flow velocity monitor - 5-8, meteorological station - 5-9;

[0125] Signal transceiver-6-1, data memory-6-2, arithmetic unit-6-3, controller-6-4. Detailed Implementation

[0126] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0127] Reference Figure 1 , 2As shown, a real-time monitoring and treatment system for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes includes: a sudden pollution system 1, a conventional pollution system 2, a water purification system 3, a hydrodynamic control system 4, a dynamic monitoring system 5, an intelligent control system 6, and a river channel 7. The dynamic monitoring system 5 has one or more monitoring points in both the sudden pollution system 1 and the conventional pollution system 2, which monitor and acquire pollution information from both systems in real time and transmit it to the intelligent control system 6. The intelligent control system 6 connects the water purification system 3 and the hydrodynamic control system 4. The sudden pollution system 1, the conventional pollution system 2, and the water purification system 3 are arranged along both sides of the river channel 7, and control gates are installed upstream and downstream of the river channel 7, as well as at the confluence of each system with the river channel 7. The water purification system 3 includes an upstream ecological purification pond 3-1 and a downstream ecological purification pond 3-2, respectively located upstream and downstream of the river channel. The sudden pollution system 1 includes a sudden pollution source 1-1 and a drainage ditch 1-2; the drainage ditch 1-2 flows into the river channel 7, and a sudden pollution source control gate 4-1 is installed at the confluence. The new pollutants released by the sudden pollution source 1-1 flowed into the river 7 through drainage ditch 1-2.

[0128] The conventional pollution system 2 includes farmland irrigation pollution source 2-1, aquaculture pollution source 2-2, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution source 2-3, as well as drainage ditches between these three pollution sources and the river channel 7. These three pollution sources are distributed on both sides of the river channel 7 and flow into the river channel 7 through the drainage ditches. Before the confluence point, there are control gates, namely farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4. The above control gates are used to open or close the connection between these three pollution sources and the river channel 7.

[0129] The number of control gates corresponding to the three pollution sources—farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution source—are the same, namely x, y, and z, with values ​​ranging from 1 to i. Specifically, the upstream numbers of farmland irrigation pollution source 2-1, aquaculture pollution source 2-2, and livestock and poultry breeding pollution source 2-3 are x1, y1, and z1, respectively; the downstream numbers are x2, y2, and z2, respectively. Therefore, x1 + x2 = x, y1 + y2 = y, and z1 + z2 = z.

[0130] Upstream control gate 4-5-1 and downstream control gate 4-5-2 are respectively installed on the upstream and downstream sections of the river channel 7 to open or close the water flow in the upstream and downstream sections of the river channel.

[0131] Above the upstream control gate 4-5-1 and the downstream control gate 4-5-2, and beside the river channel 7, are located upstream ecological purification pond 3-1 and downstream ecological purification pond 3-2. Between the purification ponds and the river channel 7 are upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2, used to open or close the connection between the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds and the river channel 7. The upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds are equipped with fully automatic treatment devices 3-3, including: a fully automatic aerator 3-3-1 and a fully automatic dosing machine 3-3-2; and aquatic plants 3-4 are planted in the ponds.

[0132] The hydrodynamic control system 4 includes a sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, a farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, an aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, a livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, an upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, a downstream control point control gate 4-5-2, an upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1, and a downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2; wherein the opening and closing of each gate is controlled by the intelligent control system 6.

[0133] The dynamic monitoring system 5 includes monitoring points for sudden pollution sources 5-1, farmland irrigation pollution sources 5-2, aquaculture pollution sources 5-3, and poultry farming pollution sources 5-4; each monitoring point is equipped with a flow monitor 5-5 and a new pollutant concentration monitor 5-6; at the same time, a water level monitor 5-7 and a flow velocity monitor 5-8 are set in the river to monitor the water level and flow velocity of the river; in addition, a meteorological station 5-9 is set up on the bank to monitor rainfall; the monitored data is transmitted to the intelligent control system 6 in real time; the intelligent control system 6 is set up on the riverbank and includes a signal transceiver 6-1, a data storage unit 6-2, a computing unit 6-3, and a controller 6-4.

[0134] Example 1

[0135] The target river channel has a known upstream surface area A. 上 =30000 m 2 Downstream surface area A 上 =50000 m 2 The distance between the upstream and downstream sections is 5000m. Upstream, there are two pollution sources related to farmland irrigation, located 50m and 200m from the upstream gate monitoring point, respectively; two pollution sources related to aquaculture, located 500m and 1200m from the upstream gate monitoring point, respectively; and two pollution sources related to livestock and poultry farming, located 300m and 400m from the upstream gate monitoring point, respectively. Downstream, there is one pollution source related to farmland irrigation, located 600m from the downstream gate monitoring point; one pollution source related to aquaculture, located 400m from the downstream gate monitoring point; and two pollution sources related to livestock and poultry farming, located 900m and 1100m from the upstream gate monitoring point, respectively.

[0136] Initially, the control gates for sudden pollution sources, farmland irrigation pollution sources, aquaculture pollution sources, and livestock and poultry farming pollution sources between each pollution source and river channel 7, as well as the control gates for the upstream and downstream control points of river channel 7 itself, are all in the open state; the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate of water purification system 3 are in the closed state.

[0137] At 10:20 AM, the dynamic monitoring system 5 detected a new pollutant, crude methanol, leaking from the sudden pollution source 1-1, 800 meters from the upstream gate control monitoring point. The system transmitted the signal to the transceiver 6-1 of the intelligent control system 6. Simultaneously, the system's flow monitors 5-5 and the new pollutant concentration monitor 5-6 monitored the real-time flow. and real-time crude methanol concentration At 10:30 am, the controller 6-4 of the intelligent control system closes the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, upstream control point control gate 4-5 and downstream control point control gate 4-5 of the hydrodynamic regulation system 4 through the signal transceiver 6-1, thereby closing the connection between each pollution source and the river 7 and between the upstream and downstream of the river 7.

[0138] The flow velocity monitor 5-8 detected an average flow velocity of 1 m / s in the river during this time period. Referring to the preliminary experimental results, the self-purification coefficient of crude methanol over time was determined at a flow velocity of 1 m / s. and diffusion coefficient with diffusion distance .

[0139] The arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the total amount of new pollutants emitted upstream during the sudden pollution source leak. :

[0140]

[0141] Among them, sudden pollution sources ;

[0142] Agricultural irrigation pollution sources

[0143] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0144] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0145] Similarly, the total emissions of new pollutants downstream were calculated. :

[0146]

[0147] Among them, farmland irrigation pollution sources

[0148] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0149] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0150] Based on the total emissions of new pollutants from upstream and downstream, controller 6-4 assesses the leakage situation: Due to and If it is determined that the leak did not cause any new pollutant emissions to exceed the standard, then in operating condition one, the controller 6-4 of the control system opens the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 through the signal transceiver 6-1; that is, the connection between each pollution source and the river 7, as well as between the upstream and downstream of the river 7, is opened; the ecological purification pond does not need to be operated, the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 remain closed, and the system returns to the initial state.

[0151] Example 2

[0152] A certain river channel, with conditions the same as in Example 1.

[0153] Initially, the control gates for sudden pollution sources, farmland irrigation pollution sources, aquaculture pollution sources, and livestock and poultry farming pollution sources between each pollution source and river channel 7, as well as the upstream and downstream control gates of river channel 7 itself, are all in the open state; the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond inlet gates of water purification system 3 are in the closed state.

[0154] At 10:20 AM, the dynamic monitoring system 5 detected a new pollutant, crude methanol, leaking from the sudden pollution source 1-1, 800 meters from the upstream gate control monitoring point. The system transmitted the signal to the transceiver 6-1 of the intelligent control system 6. Simultaneously, the system's flow monitors 5-5 and the new pollutant concentration monitor 5-6 monitored the real-time flow. and real-time crude methanol concentration At 10:30 am, the controller 6-4 of the intelligent control system closes the following gates of the hydrodynamic regulation system 4 through the signal transceiver 6-1: the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2.

[0155] The flow velocity monitor 5-8 detected an average flow velocity of 1 m / s in the river during this time period. Referring to the preliminary experimental results, the self-purification coefficient of crude methanol over time was determined at a flow velocity of 1 m / s. and diffusion coefficient with diffusion distance .

[0156] The arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the total amount of new pollutants emitted upstream during the sudden pollution source leak. :

[0157]

[0158] Among them, sudden pollution sources ;

[0159] Agricultural irrigation pollution sources

[0160] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0161] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0162] Similarly, the total emissions of new pollutants downstream were calculated. :

[0163]

[0164] Among them, farmland irrigation pollution sources

[0165] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0166] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0167] Based on the total emissions of new pollutants from upstream and downstream, controller 6-4 assesses the leakage situation: Due to and It was determined that the leak did not cause the upstream new pollutant emissions to exceed the standard, but the influx of new pollutants downstream further caused the downstream emissions to exceed the standard. In operating condition two, the controller 6-4 of the control system opened the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 of the hydrodynamic regulation system 4 through the signal transceiver 6-1. The sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, downstream control point control gate 4-5-2, and upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 remained closed, and only the downstream ecological purification pond needed to purify.

[0168] Among them, taking the time limit T=30min stipulated for emergency response to sudden leakage, the opening degree of the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 meets the following requirements for the inflow rate of the downstream ecological purification pond 3-2:

[0169]

[0170] Water level monitors 5-7 monitor river water levels in real time. =2 m, because This indicates that the river water level is normal, and operation under condition two is maintained.

[0171] Simultaneously, the arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time, and the concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2. for:

[0172]

[0173] in,

[0174]

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] because When the new pollutant leak is properly handled, controller 6-4 controls the following gates to be open: the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland conventional irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2. At the same time, the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 are closed, returning to the initial state.

[0178] Example 3

[0179] A certain river channel, with conditions the same as in Example 1.

[0180] Initially, the control gates for sudden pollution sources, farmland irrigation pollution sources, aquaculture pollution sources, and livestock and poultry farming pollution sources between each pollution source and river channel 7, as well as the upstream and downstream control gates of river channel 7 itself, are all in the open state; the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond inlet gates of water purification system 3 are in the closed state.

[0181] At 10:20 AM, the dynamic monitoring system 5 detected a new pollutant, crude methanol, leaking from the sudden pollution source 1-1, 800 meters from the upstream gate control monitoring point. The system transmitted the signal to the transceiver 6-1 of the intelligent control system 6. Simultaneously, the system's flow monitors 5-5 and the new pollutant concentration monitor 5-6 monitored the real-time flow. and real-time crude methanol concentration At 10:30 am, the controller 6-4 of the intelligent control system closes the emergency pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3, livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4, upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 through the signal transceiver 6-1, thereby closing the connection between each pollution source and the river 7, as well as between the upstream and downstream of the river 7.

[0182] The flow velocity monitor 5-8 detected an average flow velocity of 1 m / s in the river during this time period. Referring to the preliminary experimental results, the self-purification coefficient of crude methanol over time was determined at a flow velocity of 1 m / s. and diffusion coefficient with diffusion distance .

[0183] The arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the total amount of new pollutants emitted upstream during the sudden pollution source leak. :

[0184]

[0185] Among them, sudden pollution sources ;

[0186] Agricultural irrigation pollution sources

[0187] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0188] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0189] Similarly, the total emissions of new pollutants downstream were calculated. :

[0190]

[0191] Among them, farmland irrigation pollution sources

[0192] Aquaculture pollution sources

[0193] Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources

[0194] Based on the total emissions of new pollutants from upstream and downstream, controller 6-4 assesses the leakage situation: Due to This indicates that the leak upstream has caused new pollutant emissions to exceed standards, triggering the operation to enter condition three. The controller 6-4 of the control system opens the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 via the signal transceiver 6-1, allowing the polluted upstream water to enter the pond for purification. The following gates remain closed: sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, farmland irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2-x, aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3-y, livestock and poultry farming pollution source control gate 4-4-z, upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and downstream control point control gate 4-5-2, to prevent pollution from spreading from upstream to downstream water bodies.

[0195] Among them, taking the time limit T=30min stipulated for emergency response to sudden leakage, the opening degree of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 meets the inflow rate of the upstream ecological purification pond 3-1 as follows:

[0196]

[0197] because The downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 is also opened, with the opening degree meeting the inflow rate requirements of the downstream ecological purification pond 3-2:

[0198]

[0199] Water level monitors 5-7 monitor the upstream river level in real time. and downstream river water level ,satisfy and Maintain operation under condition three.

[0200] Simultaneously, the arithmetic unit 6-3 of the intelligent control system 6 calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time, and the concentration of new pollutants at the upstream control point at time t2. for:

[0201]

[0202] in,

[0203]

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] The concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2 for:

[0207]

[0208]

[0209]

[0210]

[0211]

[0212] when and At this time, it indicates that the new pollutant leak has been properly handled. Controller 6-4 controls the sudden pollution source control gate 4-1, the farmland conventional irrigation pollution source control gate 4-2-x, the aquaculture pollution source control gate 4-3-y, the livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate 4-4-z, the upstream control point control gate 4-5-1, and the downstream control point control gate 4-5-2 to be in the open state. At the same time, the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-1 and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate 4-6-2 are closed, returning to the initial state.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and treatment system for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes, characterized in that, include: Sudden pollution system (1), conventional pollution system (2), water purification system (3), hydrodynamic control system (4), dynamic monitoring system (5), intelligent control system (6) and river channel (7); Among them, the dynamic monitoring system (5) has one or more monitoring points in both the sudden pollution system (1) and the conventional pollution system (2) to monitor and obtain pollution information of the two systems in real time and transmit it to the intelligent control system (6). The intelligent control system (6) connects the water purification system (3) and the hydrodynamic control system (4). The sudden pollution system (1), the conventional pollution system (2), and the water purification system (3) are arranged along the river (7) on both sides of the river, and control gates are set at the upstream and downstream of the river (7) and at the intersection of each system and the river (7). The water purification system (3) includes ecological purification ponds set at the upstream and downstream of the river. The sudden pollution system (1) includes a sudden pollution source (1-1) and a drainage ditch (1-2); the water in the drainage ditch (1-2) flows into the river (7), and a sudden pollution source control gate (4-1) is provided at the confluence of the two; new pollutants released by the sudden pollution source (1-1) flow into the river (7) through the drainage ditch (1-2); The conventional pollution system (2) includes farmland irrigation pollution sources (2-1), aquaculture pollution sources (2-2), livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources (2-3), and drainage ditches between each pollution source and the river (7). The pollution sources of the conventional pollution system (2) are distributed on both sides of the river (7) and flow into the river (7) through drainage ditches. Control gates are set before the confluence points, namely farmland irrigation pollution source control gate (4-2), aquaculture pollution source control gate (4-3), and livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate (4-4). The above control gates are used to open or close the connection between each pollution source and the river (7). The number of pollution sources for farmland irrigation, aquaculture, and livestock breeding is the same as the number of control gates for each pollution source, namely x, y, and z, with values ​​ranging from 1 to i; among them, the number of upstream pollution sources for farmland irrigation (2-1), aquaculture (2-2), and livestock breeding (2-3) are x1, y1, and z1, respectively; and the number of downstream pollution sources are x2, y2, and z2, respectively, then x1+x2=x, y1+y2=y, and z1+z2=z; Upstream control gate (4-5-1) and downstream control gate (4-5-2) are respectively set up on the upstream and downstream sections of the river (7) to open or close the water flow in the upstream and downstream sections of the river. Above the upstream control gate (4-5-1) and the downstream control gate (4-5-2) and beside the river channel (7), there are upstream ecological purification ponds (3-1) and downstream ecological purification ponds (3-2). Between the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds and the river channel (7), there are upstream ecological purification pond inlet gates (4-6-1) and downstream ecological purification pond inlet gates (4-6-2) for opening or closing the connection between the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds and the river channel (7). The upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds are equipped with fully automatic treatment devices (3-3), including: fully automatic aerator (3-3-1) and fully automatic dosing machine (3-3-2); and aquatic plants are planted in the ponds (3-4). The hydrodynamic control system (4) includes a sudden pollution source control gate (4-1), a farmland irrigation pollution source control gate (4-2), an aquaculture pollution source control gate (4-3), a livestock and poultry breeding pollution source control gate (4-4), an upstream control point control gate (4-5-1), a downstream control point control gate (4-5-2), an upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-1), and a downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-2); wherein the opening and closing of each gate is controlled by the intelligent control system (6); The dynamic monitoring system (5) includes monitoring points for sudden pollution sources (5-1), farmland irrigation pollution sources (5-2), aquaculture pollution sources (5-3), and poultry farming pollution sources (5-4); each monitoring point is equipped with a flow monitor (5-5) and a new pollutant concentration monitor (5-6); at the same time, a water level monitor (5-7) and a flow velocity monitor (5-8) are set in the river to monitor the water level and flow velocity of the river; in addition, a meteorological station (5-9) is set up on the bank to monitor rainfall; the monitored data is transmitted to the intelligent control system (6) in real time; the intelligent control system (6) is set up on the riverbank and includes a signal transceiver (6-1), a data storage unit (6-2), a computing unit (6-3), and a controller (6-4).

2. The real-time monitoring and treatment system for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volumes of the upstream ecological purification pond (3-1) and the downstream ecological purification pond (3-2) and Design based on river water volume: (Equation 11); (Equation 12); In the formula, This refers to the total water volume below the river's flood level. The volume conversion coefficient of the upstream ecological purification pond is taken as 5-10%; The volume conversion coefficient for the downstream ecological purification pond is taken as 5-20%. The fully automated processing unit (3-3) is arranged according to the grid method. The specific operating steps are as follows: Set grid lines in the length a and width b directions of the purification pond according to the following rules one to three; Rule 1: If a or b < 15m, then draw one grid line at the midpoint; Rule 2: If a or b is located within the range of 15-30m, then divide the grid line at the 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 positions respectively; Rule 3: If a or b > 30m, then start from the midpoint and divide the grid line every 10m.

3. The real-time monitoring and treatment system for cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aeration capacity of the fully automatic aerator (3-3-1) Based on the types of new pollutants and the inflow rate of the purification pond and the concentration of new pollutants at the control points Joint decision: (Equation 17); In the formula, This represents the maximum emission concentration of the new pollutant, determined based on the type of pollutant and water quality standards. The time limit specified for emergency response to sudden leaks shall be determined based on the actual situation; The conversion coefficient between new pollutant concentration and aeration volume is determined based on the type of pollutant. The number of fully automated processing devices (3-3); The type of chemical added by the fully automatic dosing machine (3-3-2) is selected according to the type of new pollutant; the dosage of each fully automatic dosing machine (3-3-2) is... for: (Equation 18); In the formula, The conversion coefficient between the concentration of the new pollutant and the dosage of the drug is obtained by conducting preliminary experiments on the new pollutant and its corresponding added drug. The dosing accuracy of the fully automatic aerator (3-3-1) and the fully automatic dosing machine (3-3-2) is controlled within ±3%.

4. A method for real-time monitoring and handling of cross-border pollution caused by sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes, based on the real-time monitoring and handling system for sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Step 1: At the initial moment, the control gates between each pollution source and the river (7), as well as the control gates of the upstream and downstream control points of the river (7) itself, are all in the open state, and the river is unobstructed; the inlet gates of the river (7) and the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds are in the closed state, and the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds are not in operation. Step 2: At time t0, the dynamic monitoring system (5) detects a new pollutant leak at the sudden pollution source (1-1) and transmits the signal to the transceiver (6-1) of the intelligent control system (6). At the same time, each flow monitor (5-5) and the new pollutant concentration monitor (5-6) monitor the real-time flow and the real-time concentration of the new pollutant, respectively. At time t1, the controller (6-4) of the control system closes the control gate between the sudden pollution system (1) and the conventional pollution system (2) and the river, as well as the control gate of the upstream and downstream control points of the river itself, through the transceiver (6-1). The interval between t0 and t1 is the time required for the system to react. Step 3: The arithmetic unit (6-3) of the intelligent control system (6) calculates the total amount of new pollutants emitted from upstream during the sudden pollution source leakage. : (Equation 3); Among them, emissions from sudden pollution sources ; farmland irrigation pollution source emissions ; Aquaculture pollution source emissions ; Livestock and poultry breeding pollution sources ; In the formula: This refers to the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the monitoring point of the sudden pollution source; This refers to the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the monitoring point of the sudden pollution source; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th farmland irrigation pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th farmland irrigation pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th aquaculture pollution source monitoring point. This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th aquaculture pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the flow rate at the i-th livestock and poultry breeding pollution source monitoring point; This represents the real-time monitoring value of the concentration of new pollutants at the i-th livestock and poultry breeding pollution source monitoring point; Similarly, the total emissions of new pollutants downstream can be calculated. : (Equation 4); Based on the total emissions of new pollutants from upstream and downstream, the controller (6-4) assesses the leakage situation and, based on the assessment, divides the system operation into three conditions: Operating Condition 1: When and When this occurs, it indicates that the leakage of the sudden pollution source has not caused the emission of new pollutants to exceed the standard. The controller (6-4) of the control system opens the control gate between the sudden pollution system, the conventional pollution system and the river (7) and the control gate of the upstream and downstream control points of the river (7) through the signal transceiver (6-1), and the river is unobstructed. The water inlet gate between the river (7) and the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds remains closed. The upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds do not need to be operated. Return to step one. Operating Condition 2: When and When the leakage of the sudden pollution source does not cause the emission of new pollutants to exceed the standard in the upstream, the new pollutants have flowed into the downstream and caused the downstream emission to exceed the standard. The controller (6-4) of the control system opens the control gate (4-5-1) of the upstream control point and the water inlet gate (4-6-2) of the downstream ecological purification pond through the signal transceiver (6-1), and the downstream ecological purification pond starts to operate. The control gate between the sudden pollution system, the conventional pollution system and the river (7), the control gate (4-5-2) of the downstream control point of the river (7), and the water inlet gate (4-6-1) of the upstream ecological purification pond remain closed, and the upstream ecological purification pond does not need to operate. The opening degree of the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-2) must meet the following requirements for the inflow rate of the downstream ecological purification pond (3-2): (Equation 5); In the formula, The time limit specified for emergency response to sudden leaks shall be determined based on the actual situation; proceed to step four; Operating Condition 3: When This indicates that the leakage of the sudden pollution source has already caused the emission of new pollutants to exceed the standard upstream. The controller (6-4) of the control system opens the water inlet gate (4-6-1) of the upstream ecological purification pond through the signal transceiver (6-1); the control gates between the sudden pollution system, the conventional pollution system and the river (7), and the control gates of the upstream and downstream control points of the river (7) remain closed, the river is not smooth overall, and the upstream ecological purification pond begins to operate. The opening degree of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-1) meets the following requirements for the inflow rate of the upstream ecological purification pond (3-1): (Formula 6); At the same time, when At the same time, the inlet gate (4-6-2) of the downstream ecological purification pond is also opened, and the downstream ecological purification pond begins operation. The opening degree meets the requirement that the inflow rate of the downstream ecological purification pond (3-2) is: (Equation 7); Conversely, the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-2) remains closed, proceeding to step four; Step Four: Operating Condition 2: After the second operating condition is started, the water level monitor (5-7) monitors the river water level in real time. ;when When the gate control has caused the river level to be too high, the system enters the flood discharge state: the control system (6) opens the downstream control point control gate (4-5-2), and the river remains unobstructed; at the same time, the opening of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-1) and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-2) is also adjusted to the maximum, and the upstream and downstream ecological purification ponds assist in diverting the flow until... If the condition is reversed, then operate under operating condition two; otherwise, maintain operating condition two. Meanwhile, the arithmetic unit (6-3) of the intelligent control system (6) calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time, and the concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2. for: (Equation 8) in, ; ； ； ； In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at downstream control points from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the river channel was obtained by the flow velocity monitor (5-8) during the time period from t0 to t2; (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the new pollutant concentration monitor at time t from the i-th pollution source of type n pollution. right Make a judgment: when When the new pollutant leak has been properly handled, the controller (6-4) opens the control gate between the emergency pollution system (1) and the conventional pollution system (2) and the river, as well as the control gate of the upstream and downstream control points of the river itself. At the same time, the inlet gate of the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond is closed, the river remains unobstructed, and there is no need to operate the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond; return to step one; otherwise, continue to maintain working condition two. Operating Condition 3: After starting the third operating condition, the water level monitor (5-7) monitors the upstream river water level in real time. and downstream river water level ;when When this indicates that the gate control has caused the upstream river level to be too high, the control system (6) opens the upstream control point control gate (4-5-1), entering operating condition two; when When the gate control has caused the downstream river level to be too high, the system enters the flood discharge state: the control system (6) opens the downstream control point control gate (4-5-2), and at the same time, the opening of the upstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-1) and the downstream ecological purification pond inlet gate (4-6-2) also becomes the maximum, until Restore working condition three; when and Maintain operation under condition three at all times; Meanwhile, the arithmetic unit (6-3) of the intelligent control system (6) calculates the concentration of pollutants at the downstream control point in real time. The concentration of new pollutants at the upstream control point at time t2 for: (Equation 9) in, ; ； ； ； In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at the upstream control point from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the upstream river channel was obtained by the flow velocity monitor (5-8) during the time period from t0 to t2; (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the new pollutant concentration monitor at time t in the upstream of the river at the i-th pollution source of type n pollution. The concentration of new pollutants at the downstream control point at time t2 for: (Equation 10) in, ; ； ； ； In the formula, These represent the estimated concentrations of new pollutants generated at downstream control points from the sudden pollution source, farmland irrigation pollution source, aquaculture pollution source, and livestock and poultry farming pollution source at time t2, respectively. The average flow velocity of the downstream river channel was obtained by the flow velocity monitor (5-8) during the time period from t0 to t2; (n=1, 2, 3, 4) represents the pollutant concentration obtained by the downstream new pollutant concentration monitor at time t from the i-th pollution source of type n pollution. right Make a judgment: when and When the new pollutant leak has been properly handled, the controller (6-4) opens the control gate between the emergency pollution system (1) and the conventional pollution system (2) and the river, as well as the control gate of the upstream and downstream control points of the river itself. At the same time, the inlet gate of the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond is closed, the river remains unobstructed, and there is no need to operate the upstream and downstream ecological purification pond; return to step one; otherwise, continue to maintain working condition three. The surface area of ​​the upstream river channel is A. 上 The downstream river channel surface area is A. 下 .

5. A method for real-time monitoring and handling of cross-border pollution from sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diffusion rate and self-cleaning coefficient of the new pollutant were obtained through experiments and calculations; wherein, at a fixed location and at a flow velocity v, the self-cleaning coefficient of the pollutant over time... : (Equation 1); In the formula, Let be the concentration of the new pollutant at time t under flow velocity v; At a fixed time and flow velocity v, the diffusion coefficient of pollutants with increasing diffusion distance. : (Equation 2); In the formula, Let be the concentration of the new pollutant at a distance d from the pollution source under a flow velocity v.

6. The method for real-time monitoring and handling of transboundary pollution from sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the event of a sudden rainfall event during the time period t0 to t2, the system responds quickly and adjusts its operation accordingly: The meteorological station (5-9) monitors rainfall in real time and obtains that the rainfall in the time period t0~t2 starts at time t3 and ends at time t4, which satisfies... At time t, the rainfall intensity is R. t The concentration of the new pollutant was C. 5,t ; Equation 3 is then revised as follows: (Equation 13); in, = ; Equation 4 is revised as follows: (Equation 14); in, = ; Equations 8 and 10 are revised as follows: (Equation 15); in, ]; Equation 9 is revised as follows: (Equation 16); in, ].

7. A method for real-time monitoring and handling of cross-border pollution from sudden pollutant leaks in rivers and lakes according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gates of the hydrodynamic control system (4) are electric gates, using electric actuators, combined with industrial-grade wireless modules and 32-bit communication processors to ensure stable operation under complex working conditions; each gate is remotely and automatically controlled through the intelligent control system (6), and automatically adjusted according to parameters including gate opening, flow rate, and water level after the gate; the gate opening can be freely adjusted according to different water level and flow requirements; the gate opening adjustment accuracy can reach ±1% to ±5%; the gate is made of high-strength aluminum alloy and has an optimized worm gear structure, with reverse self-locking function and encoder counting, and the protection level is IP68 to effectively prevent To prevent siltation and frost heave deformation, ensuring its long-term stable operation in harsh environments; the intelligent control system (6) adopts a high-performance 32-bit communication processor and industrial-grade wireless module, and the system supports multiple control modes, including local manual, local automatic and remote control; the system adopts optimized control algorithms and high-precision sensors to ensure that it reacts within 0.5 seconds after receiving the instruction and the adjustment time is within 2 seconds; at the same time, the error range of the arithmetic unit (6-3) is less than ±1%; in addition, the intelligent control system (6) can also quickly respond and start the protection mechanism in the case of abnormal power supply, communication failure or water flow impurities.

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