A method for completely removing a backsheet of a photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of photovoltaic module backboard complete removal method, the photovoltaic module backboard complete removal method is realized by photovoltaic module backboard complete removal method device.The photovoltaic module backboard complete removal method includes the following steps: first, start heating unit to heat softening glue film, after heating, laser scribing cutting unit is from the short side of the photovoltaic laminated piece of frame and junction box removal laser scribing cutting photovoltaic backboard, after scribing cutting, lower clamp jaw is scooped from cutting, after scooping, and clamp jaw cooperates and clamps and compresses photovoltaic backboard, after clamping, shovel knife clamping unit is overall moved and pulled, then push rod enters the included angle of photovoltaic backboard and glass surface, after supporting photovoltaic backboard, continue to advance, accelerate the peeling of photovoltaic backboard.Compared with prior art, the method of the present application separates the action of tearing into two directions of horizontal advancement and vertical lifting, can make the stress of backboard uniform, and maximize to ensure the integrity of backboard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic module recycling technology, and in particular to a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] Resource recovery and green recycling of retired photovoltaic (PV) modules have become a hot topic. Due to the strong cross-linking properties of PV encapsulant films, traditional direct pyrolysis poses environmental problems, making it difficult to process fluorinated PV backsheets separately. Furthermore, the removed waste PV panels possess a certain degree of tension and strength, making them difficult to completely rewind.

[0003] For example, CN116159841A discloses a dismantling system and method for recycling photovoltaic modules, including a junction box dismantling device, a frame dismantling device, a backsheet edge lifting device, a first heating device, a backsheet peeling device, a second heating device, and a cell removal device arranged in sequence to achieve automatic dismantling of the junction box, frame, backsheet, and cells. However, the backsheet removal process in the photovoltaic module recycling dismantling system of CN116159841A has three stations: heating-cutting-removal, which is space-consuming, complex, and has low removal efficiency. Furthermore, the use of a tunnel kiln for heating results in significant heat loss because the tunnel kiln cannot be completely sealed at both ends. Additionally, the backsheet is generally... The tearing temperature is around 100-200℃. Heating the entire glass panel will also absorb a lot of heat and generate unnecessary energy consumption. Using a tunnel kiln is costly, space-consuming, and energy-intensive. The split grippers will cause uneven force and may tear the back sheet locally during the tearing process. The double roller clamping and rotating tearing process is prone to slippage between the rollers and the back sheet. After the back sheet is heated, it has a certain hardness and produces irregular deformation, making it difficult to roll up and unload. The edge is scraped directly with a scraper, but in practice, because there are no cells and solder strips at the edge of the photovoltaic module, its thickness is even thinner and the back sheet is tightly attached to the glass, making it difficult to scrape in from the edge.

[0004] Given this situation, there is an urgent need for a method to completely remove the backsheet of photovoltaic modules. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art by providing a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module. By breaking down the tearing action into two directions, horizontal pushing and vertical pulling, the photovoltaic backsheet can be subjected to uniform force, thus maximizing the integrity of the photovoltaic backsheet.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. First, the photovoltaic laminate with the frame and junction box removed is transferred to the workstation. After the laser scribing and cutting unit identifies the size, the photovoltaic module is positioned. After positioning, the heating unit is started to heat and soften the adhesive film.

[0009] S2. After heating, the laser scribing and cutting unit performs laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet from the short side of the photovoltaic laminate after removing the frame and junction box. The distance between the scribing position and the short side of the photovoltaic module is less than the creepage distance L of the photovoltaic module.

[0010] S3. After the scribing and cutting are completed, the lower clamping jaw descends along the Z-axis, gets close to the photovoltaic backsheet, and then scrapes in from the cutting point along the X-axis.

[0011] S4. After the shovel is inserted, the upper clamping claw descends along the Z-axis, clamps and presses the photovoltaic backsheet. After clamping, the entire shovel clamping unit moves upward along the Z-axis and pulls it up, so that the photovoltaic backsheet is gradually peeled off and forms an angle and space that the push rod can enter with the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer. The upper and lower clamping claws of the shovel clamping unit move upward and stop. The push rod of the push rod separation unit enters the angle between the photovoltaic backsheet and the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer along the X-axis, and continues to move forward after pressing against the photovoltaic backsheet, accelerating the peeling of the photovoltaic backsheet.

[0012] Further, in step S1, after heating and softening the adhesive film, during the execution of step S2, the heating unit (4) moves along the X-axis to approach the scraper clamping unit, and the photovoltaic laminate of the frame and junction box moves along the X-axis to correspond to the position of the laser scribing and cutting unit.

[0013] Further, after step S4, the following steps are performed:

[0014] S5. After the peeling is completed, the photovoltaic glass and cell layer are first conveyed out, then the upper and lower clamping jaws are released to allow the photovoltaic backsheet to fall and be conveyed out. Finally, the heating unit, laser scribing and cutting unit, scraper clamping unit, and push rod separation unit are reset.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S2, the heating temperature is 100℃~200℃;

[0016] In step S2, the heating unit is a strip-shaped local heating unit, the local heating time of the strip-shaped heating unit is 30 to 60 seconds, the heating position starts from the short side, and after the heating is completed, the heating unit moves forward along the X-axis;

[0017] The heating unit (4) starts from the short side of the photovoltaic backplate (12) and moves forward in the direction of the push rod (3) to continuously move and heat;

[0018] The heating time for each heating unit (4) advancing the width of the heating unit (4) is 30 to 60 seconds.

[0019] Furthermore, the heating unit is strip-shaped; the length of the heating unit is basically the same as the width of the photovoltaic module, and the width of the heating unit is 1 / 20 to 1 / 5 of the length of the photovoltaic module.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the entire structure is moved upwards by 10-20cm and then stopped.

[0021] Furthermore, the method for completely removing the photovoltaic module backsheet is implemented using a photovoltaic module backsheet complete removal device; the photovoltaic module backsheet complete removal device includes a heating unit, a laser scribing and cutting unit, a scraper clamping unit, a push rod separation unit, and a truss; the heating unit, laser scribing and cutting unit, scraper clamping unit, and push rod separation unit are all connected to the truss; the heating unit is located in front of the push rod separation unit in the forward direction, and the heating unit is used to heat the photovoltaic module; the scraper clamping unit includes an upper clamping jaw and a lower clamping jaw, a clamping adjustment assembly, and a stripping... The photovoltaic backsheet is clamped between an upper clamping jaw and a lower clamping jaw; the upper clamping jaw is connected to a clamping adjustment assembly; the lower clamping jaw is connected to a clamping adjustment assembly; the push rod separation unit includes a push rod, which is located between the photovoltaic backsheet and the photovoltaic glass and cell layers, and is used to push the photovoltaic backsheet to accelerate complete peeling; the laser scribing and cutting unit is located above the photovoltaic module, and is used to identify and locate the photovoltaic module, determine the laser scribing starting position, the lower clamping jaw cutting position, the push rod forward distance, and laser scribing and cutting the photovoltaic backsheet.

[0022] Furthermore, the heating unit is selected from one of the following: a heating wire hot air heating unit, a hot steam heating unit, a heating wire heating unit, an infrared or microwave heating unit.

[0023] Furthermore, the heating wire hot air heating unit, hot steam heating unit, heating wire heating unit, and infrared or microwave heating unit are positioned in front of the push rod separation unit in the forward direction.

[0024] Furthermore, the heating unit is a strip-shaped local heating element.

[0025] Furthermore, the heating time for each heating unit (4) to advance by the width of the heating wire hot air heating unit, hot steam heating unit, heating wire heating unit, infrared or microwave heating unit is 30 to 60 seconds. The heating position of the heating wire hot air heating unit, hot steam heating unit, heating wire heating unit, infrared or microwave heating unit all starts from the short side of the photovoltaic back panel. After each heating, the heating unit advances in the direction of the push rod separation unit before the next heating.

[0026] Furthermore, the laser scribing and cutting unit includes a visual recognition subunit and a laser cutting subunit; the visual recognition subunit is used to identify and locate photovoltaic modules; the laser cutting subunit is used to laser scribing and cutting photovoltaic backsheets.

[0027] Furthermore, the laser scribing and cutting unit includes a visual recognition subunit and a laser cutting subunit; the visual recognition subunit is used to identify and locate photovoltaic modules; the laser cutting subunit is used to laser scribing and cutting photovoltaic backsheets.

[0028] Furthermore, the laser scribing and cutting unit also includes an industrial control computer.

[0029] Furthermore, the industrial control computer is connected to a laser control card.

[0030] Furthermore, the laser cutting subunit includes a laser; the visual recognition subunit includes an image recognition device; the laser and the image recognition device are respectively connected to an industrial control computer; the industrial control computer is connected to the push rod separation unit.

[0031] Furthermore, the image recognizer is a CCD camera.

[0032] Furthermore, the industrial control computer receives the signal transmitted by the laser cutting subunit and determines the laser scribing starting position, the lower clamping jaw cutting position, and the push rod forward distance. It then transmits the processed signal to the laser cutting subunit to perform laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet, and to the push rod separation unit to control the lower clamping jaw scraper cutting position and the push rod forward distance.

[0033] Furthermore, the upper clamping claw is used to apply clamping pressure; the lower clamping claw is shaped like a shovel and is used for edge cutting; the shape of the lower surface of the upper clamping claw matches the shape of the upper surface of the lower clamping claw to better hold the photovoltaic backsheet.

[0034] Furthermore, the surfaces of the upper clamping claw and the lower clamping claw are provided with patterns to increase friction, and the patterns can be wavy patterns.

[0035] Furthermore, the surfaces of the upper and lower clamping jaws facing each other are patterned planes to prevent the photovoltaic backsheet from slipping on the surfaces of the upper and lower clamping jaws.

[0036] Furthermore, the upper clamping jaw is slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly; the lower clamping jaw is slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly; the upper clamping jaw and the lower clamping jaw can move synchronously or asynchronously (lifting or lowering) along the vertical direction of the clamping adjustment assembly.

[0037] Furthermore, the push rod is selected from wedge-shaped push rods, cylindrical push rods, and semi-cylindrical push rods.

[0038] Furthermore, the technical concept of the present invention is as follows:

[0039] This invention integrates heating, cutting, and removal into one workstation, simplifying the process and improving efficiency;

[0040] If the entire sheet is heated before tearing, the un-torn parts will gradually cool down during the gripper's movement. The cooling rate is relatively fast, and once cooled, it is difficult to continue tearing, requiring reheating of the entire sheet, which will severely reduce the tearing efficiency. Local heating is more efficient. If the entire sheet is continuously heated, on the one hand, the heating time for large-area heating is long, the temperature rise is slow, and the energy consumption is high. On the other hand, large-area heating will cause other parts to be heated for too long, reducing the film strength. The local heating method preferred by this invention is easier to control the temperature compared to continuous heating of the entire sheet, and has better continuity compared to intermittent heating of the entire sheet. If a laser is used, the temperature is difficult to control, which may reach the ignition temperature of the film and ignite the film.

[0041] Using large-area clamps and then using push rods to advance and apply force can greatly solve the problems of slippage, tearing, and slow speed. The surface of the clamps is designed with a wave pattern to increase friction and prevent the back plate from being punctured due to excessive sharpness.

[0042] This invention uses laser scribing to uniformly cut out a complete edge, resulting in a neat break at the cut edge of the back plate, making it easier to cut in again.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] 1) The present technical solution provides a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module, which can completely peel the photovoltaic backsheet off the waste photovoltaic laminate, reducing pollutants in subsequent processing.

[0045] 2) The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module provided by this technical solution breaks down the tearing action into two directions: horizontal pushing and vertical pulling. This can make the photovoltaic backsheet bear force evenly and ensure the integrity of the photovoltaic backsheet to the greatest extent.

[0046] 3) The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module provided by this technical solution further adopts local heating. Local heating and hot air circulation can reduce energy consumption, the push rod advances to ensure uniform force, and the removed photovoltaic backsheet is convenient for whole sheet cutting. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in an embodiment of the present invention (in the state of laser scribing and cutting).

[0048] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in an embodiment of the present invention (photovoltaic module in motion).

[0049] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in an embodiment of the present invention (the state of the photovoltaic backsheet being held by the scraper clamping unit).

[0051] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in an embodiment of the present invention (the state of the push rod peeling off the photovoltaic backsheet).

[0053] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of the image.

[0054] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (heating unit not shown, push rod is wedge-shaped push rod).

[0055] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (the push rod is a wedge-shaped push rod, and the heating unit is a heating wire hot air heating unit).

[0056] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (heating unit not shown, push rod is cylindrical push rod).

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (heating unit not shown, push rod is a semi-cylindrical push rod).

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention (the push rod is a wedge-shaped push rod, and the heating unit is an infrared or microwave heating unit).

[0059] Figure 13 This is a partial side view of the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 14 This is a partial perspective view of the photovoltaic module backsheet complete removal device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0061] Numbering on the map:

[0062] 1- Photovoltaic laminate with frame and junction box removed; 12- Photovoltaic backsheet; 13- Photovoltaic glass and cell layer; 21- Upper clamping jaw; 22- Lower clamping jaw; 23- Laser scribing and cutting unit; 231- Visual recognition subunit; 232- Laser cutting subunit; 24- Clamping adjustment assembly; 3- Push rod; 31- Wedge-shaped push rod; 32- Cylindrical push rod; 33- Semi-cylindrical push rod; 4- Heating unit; 41- Heating wire hot air heating unit; 42- Infrared or microwave heating unit; 5- Truss; 51- Upper truss; 52- Lower truss; 521- Support frame; 522- Conveying wheel; 523- Conveying roller; 524- Lifting rod; L is the creepage distance. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Component models, material names, connection structures, control methods, algorithms, and other features not explicitly described in this technical solution are considered common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0064] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0065] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0066] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0067] Example 1

[0068] This embodiment provides a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is a photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed. The photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed includes a photovoltaic backsheet 12 and a photovoltaic glass and cell layer 13 connected to the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The method for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module is used to peel off the photovoltaic backsheet 12 from the photovoltaic module.

[0069] The method for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps:

[0070] Before operation, the photovoltaic module backsheet removal device is leveled. During operation, the photovoltaic laminate 1, after removing the frame and junction box, is first conveyed to the workstation. The vision recognition subunit 231 of the laser scribing and cutting unit 23 identifies the dimensions and positions the photovoltaic module. After positioning, the heating unit 4 is activated to heat and soften the adhesive film at a temperature of 100℃ to 200℃. The heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) performs strip-shaped local heating for 30 to 60 seconds, starting from the short side. At this time, only the unit is heated, and only the short side is heated. After the unit heating is completed, the heating unit 4 moves a distance away from the laser cutting subunit 232 along the X-axis, approaching the scraper clamping unit. Simultaneously, the photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed moves a distance along the X-axis towards the laser cutting subunit 232. The visual recognition subunit 231 identifies the position of the photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed. The photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed is located below the laser of the laser cutting subunit 232. The laser scribing and cutting unit 23 performs laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet 12 (e.g., ...) from the short side of the photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed. Figure 1 As shown), during the cutting process, the laser moves along the Y-axis to cut, and the distance between the scribing position and the short side of the photovoltaic module is less than its creepage distance L, thereby protecting as many photovoltaic glass and solar cells as possible in the cell layer 13 and reducing the residue of the photovoltaic backsheet 12. After the scribing and cutting are completed, the photovoltaic laminate 1 with the frame and junction box removed moves a certain distance along the X-axis towards the scraper clamping unit (e.g., Figure 2 , 3 As shown), the marking position is below the scraper clamping unit. The lower clamping jaw 22 descends along the Z-axis, approaches the photovoltaic backsheet 12, and scrapes in along the X-axis from the cutting point. After scraping in, the upper clamping jaw 21 descends along the Z-axis, clamps and presses the photovoltaic backsheet 12. After clamping, the scraper clamping unit moves upward along the Z-axis and forward along the X-axis to lift, so that the photovoltaic backsheet 12 is gradually peeled off and forms an angle and space that the push rod 3 can enter (e.g., ...) with the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer 13. Figure 4 , 5As shown), the upper clamping jaw 21 and lower clamping jaw 22 of the shovel clamping unit move upwards by 10-20cm and then stop. The push rod 3 enters the angle between the photovoltaic backsheet 12 and the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer 13 along the X-axis, presses against the photovoltaic backsheet 12 and continues to move forward, accelerating the peeling of the photovoltaic backsheet 12 (as shown). Figure 6 , 7 As shown), during the peeling process, the shovel clamping unit maintains a basically unchanged position, while the push rod 3 and heating unit 4 advance along the X-axis to perform synchronous heating. The heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) starts from the short side of one side of the photovoltaic backsheet 12 and slowly advances towards the direction of the push rod 3 to continuously move and heat until it reaches the short side of the other side of the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The heating time for each advance of the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) by the width of the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) is 30-60 seconds. During the heating process, the heat from the heating area on the photovoltaic backsheet 12 directly opposite the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) is transferred to the surrounding area to ensure that the position of the push rod 3 is at the heating temperature, facilitating peeling. After peeling, the glass (photovoltaic glass and cell layer 13) is first conveyed out, then the upper clamping claw 21 and lower clamping claw 22 are released to allow the photovoltaic backsheet 12 to fall and be conveyed out. Finally, all units are reset.

[0071] like Figures 1-12 As shown in Figures 13 and 14, the method for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module is implemented by a device for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module; the device for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module includes a heating unit 4, a laser scribing and cutting unit 23, a scraper clamping unit, a push rod separation unit, and a truss 5; the heating unit 4, the laser scribing and cutting unit 23, the scraper clamping unit, and the push rod separation unit are all connected to the truss 5.

[0072] The truss (5) includes an upper truss 51 and a lower truss 52. The upper truss 51 is connected to the lower truss 52. The heating unit 4, the laser scribing and cutting unit 23, the shovel clamping unit, and the push rod separation unit are all connected to the upper truss 51. The photovoltaic module can be supported on the lower truss 52. The lower truss 52 includes an infeed / outfeed section and a processing section. The infeed / outfeed section is located at both ends of the processing section and is used for feeding and discharging materials. The upper truss 51 is located above the processing section. The infeed / outfeed section is equipped with conveyor rollers 523. The conveyor rollers 523 are used to convey photovoltaic modules from the infeed / outfeed section into the processing section for feeding or to convey photovoltaic modules from the processing section into the infeed / outfeed section for discharging. The processing section includes a support frame 521 and conveyor wheels 522. The support frame 521 consists of spaced-apart frames. The conveyor wheels 522 are located between adjacent frames. The conveyor wheels 522 are connected to a lifting rod 524. The lifting rod 524 is a conventional electric lifting rod. The conveyor wheels 522 can be raised and lowered by the lifting rod 524. When the conveyor wheels 522 are raised, they can be higher than the height of the support frame 521 to raise and convey the photovoltaic modules. When the conveyor wheels 522 are lowered, they can be lower than the height of the support frame 521. The photovoltaic modules are mounted on the support frame 521 for various operations.

[0073] The heating unit 4 is located in front of the push rod separation unit in the forward direction and above the photovoltaic backsheet 12; the heating unit 4 is used to heat the photovoltaic module.

[0074] The heating unit 4 is selected from a heating wire hot air heating unit 41, a hot steam heating unit, and an infrared or microwave heating unit 42. In this embodiment, the heating unit 4 is preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41. The heating wire hot air heating unit 41 includes a ventilation pipe and a heating body. A heating wire is provided inside the heating body. The ventilation pipe is connected to the heating body. Multiple nozzles are provided inside the heating body and are connected to the ventilation pipe. The heating body has an air outlet. The heating wire is located between the air outlet and the nozzles. Cold air enters the nozzles through the ventilation pipe and is dispersed and sprayed out. Then, it is heated by the heating wire and sprayed out from the air outlet as hot air.

[0075] In the heating wire hot air heating unit 41, the heating wire can be separately heated outside the heating position of the photovoltaic module backsheet complete removal device, and then hot air is sent in.

[0076] The heating unit 4 is a strip-shaped local heating element, and the length direction of the heating unit 4 is parallel to the short side of the photovoltaic backsheet 12.

[0077] The heating unit 4 is slidably connected to the upper truss 51 through a heating unit connecting frame. The heating unit 4 is connected to the heating unit connecting frame, and the heating unit connecting frame can slide on the upper truss 51. Specifically, this is achieved by using an electric slide table, which is a conventional technical means in this field.

[0078] The shovel clamping unit includes an upper clamping jaw 21, a lower clamping jaw 22, and a clamping adjustment assembly 24. The clamping adjustment assembly 24 includes an upper clamping jaw drive and a lower clamping jaw drive. The peeled photovoltaic backsheet 12 is clamped between the upper clamping jaw 21 and the lower clamping jaw 22. The driving directions of the upper and lower clamping jaw drives of the clamping guide rail 24 are both vertical. In this embodiment, the upper clamping jaw 21 is slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly 24, and the lower clamping jaw 22 is also slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly 24. The upper clamping jaw 21 is used to apply clamping pressure. The lower clamping jaw 22 is shovel-shaped and used for edge cutting. The shape of the lower surface of the upper clamping jaw 21 matches the shape of the upper surface of the lower clamping jaw 22 to better hold the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The upper clamping jaw drive is connected to the upper clamping jaw 21, and the lower clamping jaw drive is connected to the lower clamping jaw 22. The upper clamping jaw drive is used to drive the upper clamping jaw 21 to slide on the clamping adjustment assembly 24, and the lower clamping jaw drive is used to drive the lower clamping jaw 22 to slide on the clamping adjustment assembly 24. The upper and lower clamping jaw drives can be linear cylinders or other commonly used drive components, respectively used to drive the upper clamping jaw 21 and the lower clamping jaw 22 to move along the z-axis direction, which is a conventional technical means in this field. The upper clamping jaw 21 and the lower clamping jaw 22 can move synchronously or asynchronously (lifting or lowering) vertically along the clamping adjustment assembly 24.

[0079] The blade clamping unit is slidably connected to the upper truss 51 via a blade clamping unit connecting frame. The blade clamping unit is connected to the blade clamping unit connecting frame, and the blade clamping unit connecting frame can slide on the upper truss 51. Specifically, this is achieved through an electric slide table, which is a conventional technical means in this field.

[0080] The push rod separation unit includes a push rod 3 and a push rod drive component. The push rod 3 is disposed between the photovoltaic backsheet 12 and the photovoltaic glass and cell layer 13. The push rod is used to push the photovoltaic backsheet 12 to accelerate complete peeling. The push rod separation unit is slidably connected to the upper truss 51 through a push rod separation unit connecting frame. The push rod separation unit is connected to the push rod separation unit connecting frame, and the push rod separation unit connecting frame can slide on the upper truss 51. Specifically, this is achieved through an electric slide table, which is a conventional technology in this field.

[0081] In this embodiment, the push rod is selected from wedge-shaped push rod 31, cylindrical push rod 32, and semi-cylindrical push rod 33.

[0082] The laser scribing and cutting unit 23 is positioned above the photovoltaic module. This unit is used to identify and locate the photovoltaic module, determine the starting position of the laser scribing, the cutting position of the lower clamping jaw 22, the forward travel distance of the push rod 3, and to perform laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The laser scribing and cutting unit 23 includes an industrial control computer, a vision recognition subunit 231, and a laser cutting subunit 232. The vision recognition subunit 231 is used to identify and locate the photovoltaic module; the laser cutting subunit 232 is used for laser scribing and cutting the photovoltaic backsheet 12; the laser cutting subunit 232 includes a laser, which can be a small ultraviolet laser cutter or a carbon dioxide laser cutter; the vision recognition subunit 231 includes an image recognizer; the laser and the image recognizer are communicatively connected to the industrial control computer; the industrial control computer is communicatively connected to the push rod separation unit. The image recognizer is a CCD camera. The industrial control computer receives signals transmitted from the laser cutting subunit 232 and determines the laser scribing starting position, the cutting position of the lower clamping jaw 22, and the forward travel distance of the push rod. It then transmits the processed signals back to the laser cutting subunit 232 for laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet 12, and to the push rod separation unit to control the cutting position of the lower clamping jaw 22 and the forward travel distance of the push rod 3. The industrial control computer is connected to a laser control card; both the industrial control computer and the laser control card are commercially available components. Communication can be wired or wireless. The laser cutting subunit 232 is slidably connected to the upper truss 51 via a laser cutting subunit connecting frame. The laser cutting subunit 232 is connected to the laser cutting subunit connecting frame, which can slide on the upper truss 51. This is specifically achieved through an electric slide table, a conventional technology in this field. The laser is slidably connected to the laser cutting subunit connecting frame, specifically through an electric slide table, a conventional technique in the field. The laser can move along the Y-axis of the laser cutting subunit connecting frame to laser scribing and cut the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The visual recognition subunit 231 is connected to the upper truss 51 and can be positioned above the photovoltaic module. The visual recognition subunit 231 can be located at the top of the upper truss 51, facing the photovoltaic module, to identify the position of the photovoltaic module.

[0083] The heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) starts from the short side of one side of the photovoltaic backsheet 12 and slowly moves towards the direction of the push rod 3 to continuously move and heat until it reaches the short side of the other side of the photovoltaic backsheet 12. The heating time of the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) each time it moves forward a distance equal to the width of the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) is 30 to 60 seconds. During the heating process, the heat of the heating area on the photovoltaic backsheet 12 directly opposite the heating unit 4 (preferably a heating wire hot air heating unit 41) will be transferred to the surrounding area to ensure that the position where the push rod 3 moves is at the heating temperature, which is convenient for peeling.

[0084] The surfaces of both the upper clamping jaw 21 and the lower clamping jaw 22 are patterned to increase friction. The opposing surfaces of the upper clamping jaw 21 and the lower clamping jaw 22 are flat planes with patterns. The patterns can be wavy.

[0085] Example 2

[0086] This embodiment provides a method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module. Based on Embodiment 1, the specific laser scribing workflow (performing laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet 12) includes the following steps:

[0087] S1. Camera ranging, i.e., ranging via visual recognition subunit 231. Define one corner of photovoltaic laminate 1 as the center O, the long side as the X-axis, and the short side as the Y-axis. Define the length of the short side of photovoltaic laminate 1 as Y0. Identify the edge of the busbar (laminated busbar) at the top of the photovoltaic module (near the Y-axis) and the edge of the short side of photovoltaic laminate 1, and measure the minimum distance L between the edge of the busbar and the short side of photovoltaic laminate 1. Specifically, using the short side as the Y-axis as the baseline, move forward along the long side X-axis to the edge of the busbar, and define this distance L as the creepage distance.

[0088] S2. Determine the marking position. Using the shorter side as the Y-axis and the baseline, extend forward along the longer side, approaching but not reaching the edge of the busbar. Define this distance as L0. The requirement is that L0... <L。

[0089] S3. Laser scribing. Start the laser cutting subunit 232, reset it to the center O of one corner of the photovoltaic laminate 1, then move forward a distance L0 along the long side X-axis and stop. Start the laser, keep the laser cutting subunit 232 stationary on the X-axis, and start scribing horizontally along the Y-axis. The scribing distance is equal to the short side length Y0 of the photovoltaic laminate 1. After scribing is completed, the laser cutting subunit 232 is restored.

[0090] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The method for completely removing the backsheet of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps: S1. First, the photovoltaic laminate (1) with the frame and junction box removed is transferred to the work station. The laser scribing and cutting unit (23) identifies the size and then positions the photovoltaic module. After positioning, the heating unit (4) is started to heat and soften the adhesive film. S2. After heating, the laser scribing and cutting unit (23) performs laser scribing and cutting of the photovoltaic backsheet (12) from the short side of the photovoltaic laminate (1) after removing the frame and junction box. The distance between the scribing position and the short side of the photovoltaic module is less than the creepage distance L of the photovoltaic module. S3. After the scribing and cutting are completed, the lower clamping jaw (22) descends along the Z-axis, gets close to the photovoltaic backsheet (12), and then scoops in along the X-axis from the cutting point. S4. After the shovel is inserted, the upper clamping claw (21) descends along the Z-axis, clamps and presses the photovoltaic backsheet (12). After clamping, the entire shovel clamping unit moves up along the Z-axis and pulls it up, so that the photovoltaic backsheet (12) is gradually peeled off and forms an angle and space that the push rod (3) can enter with the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer (13). The upper clamping claw (21) and lower clamping claw (22) of the shovel clamping unit move up and stop. The push rod (3) of the push rod separation unit enters the angle between the photovoltaic backsheet (12) and the glass surface in the photovoltaic glass and cell layer (13) along the X-axis, pushes against the photovoltaic backsheet (12) and continues to move forward, accelerating the peeling of the photovoltaic backsheet (12). In step S1, the heating temperature is 100℃~200℃; In step S1, the heating unit (4) is a strip-shaped local heating element. The heating unit (4) starts from the short side of the photovoltaic backplate (12) and moves forward in the direction of the push rod (3) to continuously move and heat; The heating time for each heating unit (4) that advances the width of the heating unit (4) is 30 to 60 seconds. The laser scribing and cutting unit (23) is located above the photovoltaic module. The laser scribing and cutting unit (23) is used to identify and position the photovoltaic module, determine the starting position of the laser scribing, the cutting position of the lower clamping claw (22) and the forward path of the push rod (3), and to laser scribing and cutting the photovoltaic backsheet (12).

2. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, After step S4, perform the following steps: S5. After the peeling is completed, the photovoltaic glass and the cell layer (13) are first conveyed out, and then the upper clamping claw (21) and the lower clamping claw (22) are released to make the photovoltaic backsheet (12) fall out and be conveyed out. Finally, the heating unit (4), the laser scribing and cutting unit (23), the scraper clamping unit, and the push rod separation unit are reset.

3. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the entire structure is moved upwards by 10-20cm and then stopped.

4. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module is achieved through a device for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module backsheet complete removal device includes a heating unit (4), a laser scribing and cutting unit (23), a scraper clamping unit, a push rod separation unit, and a truss (5); the heating unit (4), the laser scribing and cutting unit (23), the scraper clamping unit, and the push rod separation unit are all connected to the truss (5); The heating unit (4) is located in front of the push rod separation unit in the forward direction, and the heating unit (4) is used to heat the photovoltaic module; The shovel clamping unit includes an upper clamping jaw (21) and a lower clamping jaw (22), and a clamping adjustment assembly (24). The stripped photovoltaic backsheet (12) is clamped between the upper clamping jaw (21) and the lower clamping jaw (22). The upper clamping jaw (21) is connected to the clamping adjustment assembly (24); the lower clamping jaw (22) is connected to the clamping adjustment assembly (24); The push rod separation unit includes a push rod (3), which is located between the photovoltaic backsheet (12) and the photovoltaic glass and cell layer (13). The push rod (3) is used to push the photovoltaic backsheet (12) to accelerate the complete peeling.

5. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating unit (4) is selected from one of the following: heating wire hot air heating unit (41), hot steam heating unit, heating wire heating unit, infrared or microwave heating unit (42).

6. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The laser scribing and cutting unit (23) includes a visual recognition subunit (231) and a laser cutting subunit (232). The visual recognition subunit (231) is used to identify and locate photovoltaic modules; The laser cutting subunit (232) is used for laser scribing and cutting of photovoltaic backsheets (12).

7. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper clamping jaw (21) is used to apply clamping pressure; The lower clamping claw (22) is shaped like a shovel and is used for cutting into the edge.

8. The method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The surfaces of the upper clamping jaw (21) and the lower clamping jaw (22) are both provided with patterns to increase friction. The upper clamping jaw (21) is slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly (24); The lower clamping jaw (22) is slidably connected to the clamping adjustment assembly (24).

9. A method for completely removing the backsheet of a photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The push rod (3) is selected from wedge push rod (31), cylindrical push rod (32), and semi-cylindrical push rod (33).

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