A planting method for improving peach quality

Abstract

The application discloses a planting method for improving peach quality, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology, wherein the method is characterized by spraying gibberellin acid 25-30 days after the full bloom of peach trees, and the spraying concentration is 18 mg / L-20 mg / L. By using the planting method, the single fruit weight of the peach is increased by 71.05%, the titratable acid content is reduced by 16.33%, and the vitamin C content is increased by 26.28%, so that the yield of the juicy peach is improved, the economic value is improved, and the sweetness of the juicy peach is improved, the fruit taste is improved, and the nutritional value is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for improving the quality of peaches. Background Technology

[0002] Peaches are one of my country's important economic crops, widely loved for their unique flavor and nutritional value. With rising living standards, consumers are increasingly valuing the flavor and nutritional quality of the fruit. The quality of peaches is determined by a combination of factors, including variety, environmental conditions, and cultivation practices. Plant growth regulators (PGRs), characterized by low concentration, high efficiency, rapid action, precise dosage control, and ease of application, have been widely used in fruit and vegetable cultivation, becoming an effective means to increase yield, improve quality, and mitigate the adverse effects of abiotic stress on plant growth and development.

[0003] Gibberellic acid (GA3, chemical formula C) 19 H 22 Gibberellin (GA3) is a natural tetracyclic diterpenoid acid plant endogenous hormone, which is safer than chemically synthesized plant growth regulators. Currently, GA3 is mainly used to delay ripening, inhibit senescence, and extend postharvest shelf life. Wang Shihuai et al. reported the effects of gibberellin on peach spring shoots and fruits. According to their report, spraying peach trees with a concentration of 50 ppm gibberellin in early June, when the peaches are about to ripen, had no significant effect on the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the peaches; the weight of a single fruit increased from 78.5 g to 94.5 g, an increase of 20.3%, and the pH value decreased slightly from 5.0 to 4-5, indicating an increase in fruit acidity.

[0004] As can be seen from the above, although the method in this paper can improve peach yield to a certain extent, on the one hand, the potential of gibberellic acid to improve the quality of peach fruit still needs to be explored, and its production and application technology also needs to be further optimized; on the other hand, the method increases the acidity of the fruit, thereby reducing the taste; in addition, the method does not improve the important nutritional quality of peaches such as vitamin C content. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cultivation method that improves peach quality in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A method to improve peach quality involves spraying gibberellic acid 25-30 days after the peak flowering period of peach trees, preferably once, at a concentration of 18 mg / L-20 mg / L. It should be noted that for gibberellic acid aqueous solution, a concentration of 1 mg / L is equal to 1 ppm.

[0007] Through extensive experimentation, particularly on peach varieties, the inventors of this application determined the optimal application time to be 25-30 days after full bloom, during the young fruit stage, approximately in April. Compared to existing technologies, such as those reported by Wang Shihuai et al., this significantly advances the spraying timing and improves the application concentration, thereby significantly increasing the longitudinal and transverse diameters of peaches and their individual fruit weight. Simultaneously, it significantly reduces the acid content of the fruit, enhancing its sweetness and improving its texture. Furthermore, it significantly increases the vitamin C content, improving the nutritional quality of the fruit.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the spraying time is 30 days after the full bloom period, and the spraying concentration is 20 mg / L.

[0009] The present invention further includes the combined application of chlorpyrifos.

[0010] The combined application of chlorpyrifos can further increase the vitamin C content in peaches, especially nectarines.

[0011] The recommended application concentration of chlorpyrifos is 10 ppm. This concentration has a more significant effect on increasing vitamin C levels, with fewer other negative effects.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution, the peach is a nectarine. The inventors mainly conducted effect tests and verifications on nectarines from the Sichuan region.

[0013] Another aspect of this invention is to provide the application of gibberellic acid in increasing the vitamin C content and improving the taste of peaches during the cultivation process. This invention, through a specific application method, can significantly increase the vitamin C content in the fruit and reduce the acidity, thereby improving the taste.

[0014] As people's living standards continue to improve, their demands for the taste and nutritional quality of fruits are also increasing. The green and efficient planting technology provided by this invention, which can increase yield and improve quality, plays an important role in the high-quality development of the peach industry.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: by adopting the planting method of the present invention, the weight of a single peach increases by 71.05%, the titratable acid content decreases by 16.10%, and the vitamin C content increases by 26.28%, thereby increasing the yield of peaches and enhancing their economic value; it also improves the sweetness of peaches, enhances the taste of the fruit, and improves their nutritional value. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 PLS-DA score plots for peach samples with different treatments; Figure 2 OPLS-DA plots of peach samples treated with GA and those treated with blank; Figure 3Volcano plots of peach samples treated with GA and those treated with blank; Figure 4 OPLS-DA plots of peach samples treated with CPPU and those treated with blank; Figure 5 Volcano plots of CPPU-treated and blank-treated peach samples; Figure 6 For CPPU — OPLS-DA plots of peach samples treated with GA and those treated with blank; Figure 7 For CPPU — Volcano plots of peach samples treated with GA and those treated with blank. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. Example

[0018] A cultivation method to improve peach quality is described in this embodiment, using nectarines as an example. A field trial was conducted at a production base in Guojiaci Village, Shipan Street, Eastern New District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Nine peach trees with uniform growth vigor were selected, and all other cultivation measures and conditions were kept the same. Pesticides were sprayed approximately 30 days after full bloom. Four treatment groups were set up (chlorpyrifos treatment, gibberellic acid treatment, combined chlorpyrifos and gibberellic acid treatment, and water treatment as a control), with three peach trees in each treatment. Specific experimental information is as follows: (1) Control group: sprayed with water as a blank control; (2) CPPU group (i.e., chlorpyrifos group): chlorpyrifos 0.5wt% soluble solution, application concentration of 10 mg / L; (3) GA group (i.e., gibberellic acid group): 4wt% gibberellic acid soluble concentrate, application concentration was 20 mg / L; (4)CPPU — GA group (i.e., the group that uses chlorpyrifos and gibberellic acid in combination): chlorpyrifos (0.5wt% soluble concentrate, application concentration of 10 mg / L) + gibberellic acid (4wt% soluble concentrate, application concentration of 20 mg / L) combination; Based on the growth cycle of peaches, 36 samples were collected during the ripening period, with 9 samples in each treatment group. Medium-sized fruits from the middle and outer parts of the tree canopy were collected, with 10-12 fruits in each sample.

[0019] The main indicators were analyzed and tested according to relevant standards: the weight of a single fruit was measured using an electronic balance, and the transverse and longitudinal diameters were measured using vernier calipers; the soluble sugar and soluble solids content were determined according to the methods of the standards (NY / T 2742-2015 Determination of Soluble Sugar in Fruits and Fruit Products - 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid Colorimetric Method) and (NY / T 2637-2014 Determination of Soluble Solids Content in Fruits and Vegetables - Refractometer Method), respectively; the titratable acid was determined according to the method of the standard (GB 12456-2021 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Total Acid in Food); and the vitamin C content was determined according to the method of the standard (GB 5009.86-2016 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of Ascorbic Acid in Food).

[0020] The small molecule metabolites in peach fruit are analyzed using the following method, which mainly includes the following steps: (1) Sample processing and extraction: Samples were transported back to the laboratory within 3 hours after collection. After pitting, homogenization, and freeze-drying, the samples were ground into powder and stored at -20℃ for later use. Metabolomics extraction: 0.1g of dried and pulverized peach fruit powder sample was accurately weighed and placed in a 10 mL centrifuge tube. 2 mL of 70% methanol solution was added, vortexed, and extracted by sonication (70w) in an ice bath for 30 min. The sample was then centrifuged at 4℃ (8000rpm) for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.22µm microporous organic filter membrane and then analyzed. (2) Sample Analysis: Sample data were collected using liquid chromatography-quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). Chromatographic conditions: The column was a Kinetex® 2.6 μm Biphenyl (100 × 2.1 mm, 100 Å); the mobile phase was 2 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in water (phase A) and methanol:acetonitrile in a 1:1 volume ratio (phase B); the flow rate was 0.3 mL / min; the column temperature was 40℃; and the injection volume was 10 µL. The gradient elution program conditions are shown in Table 1 below.

[0021] Table 1 Gradient elution program

[0022] Mass spectrometry analysis conditions: Electrospray ionization source, scanning in positive and negative ion modes respectively; calibration was performed every 5 samples in high sensitivity mode; ion source conditions were as follows: ion source temperature 400℃, ion spray voltage (ISVF) 5500 (positive mode), -4500 (negative mode), ion source gas 1 (GS1) 50 psi, ion source gas 2 (GS2) 55 psi, curtain gas 30 psi, declustering potential (DP) 80 V.

[0023] (3) Data analysis: Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed using SIMCA 14.1 software.

[0024] The test results are shown in Tables 2 and 3 respectively. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown.

[0025] Table 2 Results of peach fruit appearance quality analysis

[0026] As shown in Table 1, the improved gibberellic acid treatment method has a significant regulatory effect on the appearance quality of peaches. Compared with the blank control, the weight of peaches treated with gibberellic acid increased by 71.05%, and the transverse and longitudinal diameters increased by 16.10% and 10.16%, respectively. Moreover, the improvement in appearance quality mentioned above is significantly better than that achieved by chlorpyrifos treatment.

[0027] Table 3. Results of Main Quality Tests for Peaches

[0028] As shown in Table 2, gibberellic acid treatment reduced the titratable acid content in peaches by 16.33%, while chlorpyrifos treatment alone increased it by 3.59%. Gibberellic acid treatment significantly improved the sweetness and texture of peaches. Gibberellic acid treatment increased the vitamin C content in peaches by 26.28%, while chlorpyrifos treatment alone reduced it by 7.04%. However, the combined use of the two treatments increased the vitamin C content in peaches by 27.84%.

[0029] Furthermore, the metabolites in peaches were analyzed. From Figure 1 As can be seen, based on the types and contents of metabolites, peach fruit samples from different treatments were clearly distinguishable, with good aggregation within groups and significant differences between groups. R 2 X(cum), R 2 Y(cum) and Q 2 (cum) were 0.538, 0.991, and 0.994, respectively. R 2 X(cum) and R 2 Y(cum) represents the cumulative explanatory power of the model for the X and Y matrices; Q 2 These three metrics represent the predictive ability of the model. The closer these metrics are to 1, the more stable and reliable the model is. Q 2 A value greater than 0.5 indicates that the model has good predictive ability. Figures 2 to 7 The differences in metabolite changes between peach samples treated with different methods and the control sample were compared and analyzed, indicating that different treatments had a significant impact on peach metabolites. These results further illustrate the effects of gibberellic acid treatment on the composition of peach fruit and its quality improvement.

[0030] In summary, the improved gibberellic acid treatment method has outstanding effects in increasing the weight of individual peaches, reducing fruit acidity, and increasing vitamin C content, and is expected to become a better choice in peach production.

[0031] Comparative Example 1: To demonstrate the effect of spray concentration on peach quality, based on Example 1, the spray concentrations of the GA group were adjusted to 16 ppm and 22 ppm, respectively, while other parameters remained unchanged. The results showed that, compared with the blank control, the single fruit weight increased by 31.16% and 70.49%, respectively; the transverse diameter increased by 9.66% and 15.69%, respectively; and the longitudinal diameter increased by 6.65% and 10.16%, respectively. Regarding intrinsic quality, the titratable acid content was 0.26±0.03% and 0.25±0.02%, respectively, and the vitamin C content was 6.69±0.39 mg / 100g and 7.81±0.62 mg / 100g, respectively.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 To demonstrate the effect of spraying timing on peach quality, based on Example 1, the spraying timing for the GA group was adjusted to 45 days and 60 days after full bloom, respectively, while other parameters remained unchanged. Results: Compared with the control group, the single fruit weight increased by 38.36% and 21.16%, respectively; the transverse diameter increased by 8.05% and 4.80%, respectively; and the longitudinal diameter increased by 5.08% and 3.03%, respectively. Regarding internal quality, the titratable acid content was 0.26±0.11% and 0.27±0.09%, respectively, and the vitamin C content was 6.75±0.15 mg / 100g and 6.31±0.53 mg / 100g, respectively.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for improving peach quality, characterized in that, Spray gibberellic acid 25-30 days after the peak flowering period of peach trees at a concentration of 18 mg / L-20 mg / L. The peaches mentioned are nectarines. The improvement of peach quality is to increase the longitudinal and transverse diameters and single fruit weight of peaches, reduce the acid content of fruits, increase the sweetness of peaches, improve the taste of fruits, and increase the vitamin C content of peaches. In addition, chlorpyrifos was applied in combination at a concentration of 10 mg / L, which further increased the vitamin C content in peaches.

2. The planting method for improving peach quality according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application time is 30 days after the peak flowering period, and the application concentration is 20 mg / L.

3. The application of gibberellic acid in the cultivation method for improving peach quality as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The peach in question is a nectarine, and the application is in combination with chlorpyrifos, wherein the application concentration of gibberellic acid is 20 mg / L and the application concentration of chlorpyrifos is 10 mg / L.

Images