Symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure

Abstract

The application relates to a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure and belongs to the technical field of spillways. The first-stage energy dissipation structure is composed of left-right symmetrical overflow weirs, left-right symmetrical waterways and a first-stage stilling basin. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure is arranged on the dam body, and the spillway does not need to be excavated on both banks, so that the land occupation area is reduced, the excavation engineering quantity is lowered, and the engineering investment is saved; and the two-stage energy dissipation structure and multiple energy dissipation modes (energy dissipation of the rotary energy dissipation groove, energy dissipation of collision, energy dissipation of the infiltration hole, energy dissipation of the energy dissipation tooth, energy dissipation of the bottom flow, energy dissipation of the energy dissipation component and the like) are innovatively combined to kill the water flow energy, the effect is far better than that of the traditional spillway, and the downstream riverbed and the banks are fully protected from the water flow scouring and damage; meanwhile, the symmetrical water discharge mode is also beneficial to the creation of a water-friendly landscape, and good leisure and tourism places are provided for citizens and tourists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of spillway technology, specifically relating to a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure. Background Technology

[0002] To discharge excess water from reservoirs, prevent dam overflows and failures, ensure project safety, and meet requirements for flood control, regulation, and ecological landscape, spillways are generally required in earth-rock dams or concrete dams with poor downstream riverbed geology. However, existing spillways are almost always located on both banks of the dam abutment (called bank spillways). The structural layout of bank spillways is often limited by the geology and topography of the banks, resulting in large excavation and backfilling volumes and significantly increased investment. Therefore, designing spillways on the dam body would overcome the disadvantages of bank spillways, such as large land occupation, extensive excavation, and high investment, while also creating a more accessible waterfront landscape and improving the aquatic ecosystem. However, the energy dissipation effect of spillways on the dam body is critical; otherwise, it could cause severe erosion damage to the downstream riverbed and riverbanks. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a spillway that is located on the dam body and has excellent energy dissipation capabilities. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, which can greatly improve the energy dissipation effect of the spillway's downstream flow, and its energy dissipation effect is far superior to that of traditional unidirectional bottom flow energy dissipation.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: This application provides a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, applied to a spillway. Along the length of the spillway, the spillway includes two overflow holes symmetrically arranged on the left and right, two drainage channels symmetrically arranged on the left and right, and a primary energy dissipation pool. The primary energy dissipation pool is located on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes. The two drainage channels are arranged corresponding to the two overflow holes. The drainage channels are used to connect the overflow holes and the primary energy dissipation pool. The drainage channels are connected to the WES overflow weir and then to the primary energy dissipation pool along the length direction. The drainage channels are composed of three parts in sequence along the water flow direction: an inclined side channel, a horizontal adjustment section, and an inclined spillway.

[0005] In some embodiments, the spillway extends along its length to the primary stilling basin. The inlet of the spillway is located on the upstream side of the inclined side channel. The overflow orifice and the inlet of the spillway are connected by a WES overflow weir. Along the axial direction of the overflow orifice, the flow surface of the WES overflow weir consists of three parts: a top curved section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curved section is further composed of an upstream connecting section and a downstream connecting section. The upstream connecting section is composed of three tangent circular arcs with different radii, while the downstream connecting section adopts a WES power curve. Along the axial direction of the WES overflow weir, the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section gradually decreases from the bank side towards the middle of the riverbed, causing the WES overflow weir to form a twisted surface in the lower reverse arc section. At the same time, the slope formed by the gradual decrease in elevation at the end of the lower reverse arc section is completely consistent with the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel along its length. Finally, the toe of the WES overflow weir and the bottom plate of the inclined side channel are completely tangent at the connection point to ensure a smooth transition of the flow surface.

[0006] In some embodiments, the drainage channel is composed of the inclined side channel, the horizontal adjustment section (6) and the inclined spillway in sequence along the water flow direction. The drainage channel includes an outer side wall and an inner side wall arranged opposite each other along the width direction of the spillway. The outer side wall within the range of the inclined side channel turns 90° along an arc on the horizontal plane.

[0007] In some embodiments, at the inclined spillway, a swirling energy dissipation channel is provided on the water-facing sidewalls of the outer and inner sidewalls. The swirling energy dissipation channel penetrates the sidewalls along the height direction of the outer and inner sidewalls, respectively. The swirling energy dissipation channel has a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane, and the channel width gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. The inlet and outlet of the swirling energy dissipation channel penetrate the inner wall surface of the corresponding sidewalls. The inlet curvature of the swirling energy dissipation channel is small, while the outlet curvature is large.

[0008] In some embodiments, a secondary stilling basin is also included. The secondary stilling basin is located downstream of the primary stilling basin. The primary and secondary stilling basins are connected by an energy dissipation toothed chute located on the downstream outlet dam surface of the primary stilling basin. The secondary stilling basin is provided with a tailrace channel. The energy dissipation toothed chute is located upstream of the secondary stilling basin. The tailrace channel is located on the left or right side of the secondary stilling basin.

[0009] In some embodiments, the bottom plate of the energy dissipation tooth groove is provided with a plurality of randomly distributed, uneven energy dissipation teeth.

[0010] In some embodiments, a drop slope is provided at the end of the energy dissipation toothed trough, which is the upstream side wall of the secondary energy dissipation pool.

[0011] In some embodiments, the secondary stilling pool includes a downstream side wall, which is disposed opposite to the drop sill, and a stilling component is disposed on the downstream side wall.

[0012] In some embodiments, the energy dissipation assembly includes an energy dissipation plate, a first elastic element, a piston cylinder, a plurality of piston portions, and a third elastic element. The energy dissipation plate is rotatably connected to the downstream side pool wall. The first elastic element connects the energy dissipation plate and the downstream side pool wall. The piston cylinder is fixed to the downstream side pool wall, and its axial direction is perpendicular to the downstream side pool wall. The piston cylinder includes a cylinder port and a spray nozzle, both of which are located on the side of the piston cylinder away from the downstream side pool wall. Both the cylinder port and the spray nozzle face the upstream side of the secondary energy dissipation pool.

[0013] Multiple piston sections are arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the piston cylinder. Adjacent piston sections are connected by a second elastic element. The multiple piston sections are installed in the piston cylinder and located on the upstream side of the downstream pool wall. Among the multiple piston sections, the piston section closest to the piston cylinder is inserted into the cylinder opening and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder with reliable sealing. Except for the piston section furthest from the piston cylinder, the other piston sections have through holes in their internal centers. When the multiple piston sections move towards the piston cylinder, the through holes of the piston sections closer to the piston cylinder are blocked by the piston sections furthest from the piston cylinder. The piston section furthest from the piston cylinder abuts against the downstream surface of the stress-relief plate. A third elastic element is used to connect the piston cylinder and the piston section closest to the piston cylinder.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastic coefficient of the second elastic element gradually decreases from the cylinder port towards the stress dissipation plate.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] (1) This spillway innovatively employs a two-stage energy dissipation structure and multiple energy dissipation methods to eliminate the kinetic energy of high-speed water flow. The first-stage energy dissipation structure consists of a symmetrical overflow weir, a symmetrical spillway, and a primary stilling basin. When the water flows through the swirling energy dissipation channels set in the side walls of the spillway, the swirling energy dissipation channels change the direction of the branch flow by diverting the flow, and cause the branch flow in the channel to collide with the original main flow in the spillway sideways to dissipate energy. Then, it continues to flow into the primary stilling basin along the symmetrical inclined spillway, and dissipates energy through violent head-on collision. Therefore, the first-stage energy dissipation structure mainly dissipates energy through two methods: side collision of the swirling energy dissipation channels and head-on collision of the primary stilling basin. Its energy dissipation effect is far superior to that of the traditional unidirectional bottom flow energy dissipation structure.

[0017] (2) The second-stage energy dissipation structure consists of an energy dissipation toothed chute located on the downstream outlet dam face of the first-stage stilling basin, a second-stage stilling basin, and a tailrace channel. The bottom slab of the energy dissipation toothed chute is made of highly permeable concrete, and the surface of the bottom slab is provided with uneven energy dissipation teeth. When water flows through the energy dissipation toothed chute, part of the water seeps into the pores inside the bottom slab concrete and dissipates some energy during the flow, while the other part of the water flows on the surface of the bottom slab and collides with the energy dissipation teeth to dissipate energy. Then, the water continues to flow into the second-stage stilling basin through the drop at the end of the chute. In the second-stage stilling basin, the water dissipates most of the kinetic energy through bottom flow energy dissipation methods such as friction, aeration, collision, surface vortex, and shearing. At the same time, the energy dissipation components located on the downstream side of the pool wall of the second-stage stilling basin can also dissipate some energy. Therefore, the second-stage energy dissipation structure mainly dissipates energy through a combination of multiple methods such as seepage pore energy dissipation, energy dissipation tooth energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation, and energy dissipation component energy dissipation, resulting in excellent energy dissipation effect.

[0018] The two-stage energy dissipation structure works in tandem with multiple energy dissipation methods, ultimately eliminating most of the energy of the water flowing down the spillway. This allows the water to flow more smoothly into the downstream original river channel, protecting the downstream riverbed and banks from erosion and damage.

[0019] (3) All components of this symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure are set on the dam body, eliminating the need to excavate spillways on both banks. This reduces the land area occupied and the amount of excavation and backfilling work, saving on project investment and having a good economic effect.

[0020] (4) The energy dissipation is combined with a two-stage energy dissipation structure and a variety of energy dissipation methods (swirl energy dissipation channel, collision energy dissipation, infiltration pore energy dissipation, energy dissipation tooth energy dissipation, bottom flow energy dissipation, energy dissipation component energy dissipation, etc.), which is far superior to the energy dissipation structure of traditional spillways and protects the downstream riverbed and banks from water erosion and damage.

[0021] (5) This symmetrical drainage method is also conducive to creating a waterfront landscape, providing citizens and tourists with a good place for leisure and tourism.

[0022] (6) During the dry season, the water storage in the primary and secondary stilling basins can be adjusted to change the operation mode of the spillway. That is, the water stored in the secondary stilling basin can be pumped back to the primary stilling basin at any time according to actual needs. When water needs to be discharged from the energy dissipation tooth chute during the dry season to meet the requirements of landscape construction, this pumping method can meet the operational requirements at any time. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the WES overflow weir structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section structure of the drainage channel of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the vortex energy dissipation trough of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the force dissipation component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the force dissipation component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the piston cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the stress dissipation component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Structure Numbers: 1-Spillway, 2-Overflow Hole, 3-WES Overflow Weir, 4-Primary Stilling Basin, 5-Inclined Spillway, 6-Horizontal Adjustment Section, 7-Inclined Side Channel, 8-Drainage Channel, 9-Energy Dissipation Tooth Spillway, 10-Energy Dissipation Tooth, 11-Issuance Sill, 12-Secondary Stilling Basin, 13-Downstream Side Wall of Secondary Stilling Basin, 14-Side Wall of Energy Dissipation Tooth Spillway, 15-Tailgating Channel, 16-Outer Side Wall of Spillway, 17-Inner Side Wall of Spillway, 18-Rotating Energy Dissipation Channel, 19-Energy Dissipation Component, 20-Energy Dissipation Plate, 21-First Elastic Component, 22-Piston Cylinder, 23-Piston Section, 24-First Piston Section, 25-Second Piston Section, 26-Third Piston Section, 27-Second Elastic Component, 28-Third Elastic Component, 29-Through Hole, 30-Spray Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "downstream side", "downstream surface", "upstream side", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and do not indicate or imply that the structure or part referred to must have a specific orientation, or be arranged and composed in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0035] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 This application provides a symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, applied to spillway 1. The first-stage energy dissipation structure consists of an overflow orifice 2, a WES overflow weir 3, a spillway 8, and a primary stilling basin 4. The second-stage energy dissipation structure consists of an energy dissipation toothed chute 9, a secondary stilling basin 12, a tailrace channel 15, and a stilling component 19.

[0036] Along the length of the spillway 1, the spillway 1 includes two overflow holes 2 arranged symmetrically on the left and right. This symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation structure of the spillway 1 includes a primary stilling basin 4 and two spillways 8. The primary stilling basin 4 is located on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes 2, and the two spillways 8 are arranged corresponding to the two overflow holes 2. The spillways 8 are used to connect the overflow holes 2 and the primary stilling basin 4. Along the water flow direction (i.e., the length direction), the spillway 8 is connected to the WES overflow weir 3 and then to the primary stilling basin 4. The spillway 8 is composed of an inclined side channel 7, a horizontal adjustment section 6 and an inclined spillway 5 in sequence along the water flow direction.

[0037] The length direction can be either the direction shown by the Y-axis or the direction shown by the X-axis in the diagram.

[0038] The overflow hole 2 of the spillway 1 is used to discharge water flow.

[0039] The primary stilling basin 4 is located on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes 2, so that the water flowing out of the two overflow holes 2 flows into the primary stilling basin 4 symmetrically from left to right. The water flows collide head-on in the primary stilling basin 4, thereby eliminating the kinetic energy of the water flow and greatly improving the energy dissipation effect.

[0040] The water discharged from the two overflow holes 2 flows into the primary stilling basin 4 through the left and right symmetrical drainage channels 8.

[0041] Water flows from the WES overflow weir 3 into the spillway 8, first making a 90° turn in the inclined side channel 7, where the flow is generally turbulent. Then, the water continues to flow into the horizontal adjustment section 6, where the turbulent flow is adjusted in time, resulting in a smoother flow. After the flow is adjusted, the water then flows symmetrically into the primary stilling basin 4 along the inclined spillway 5. Finally, the water collide head-on in the primary stilling basin 4 to dissipate energy, which is far superior to the traditional unidirectional bottom flow energy dissipation structure.

[0042] In order to improve the energy dissipation effect of water flow collision, the primary stilling basin 4 should be set on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes 2, and the two drainage channels 8 should be symmetrically set on the left and right sides of the primary stilling basin 4.

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some embodiments, the drainage channel 8 extends along its length, and the inlet of the drainage channel 8 is located on the upstream side of the inclined side channel 7. The overflow hole 2 and the inlet of the drainage channel 8 are connected through the WES overflow weir 3, and the water discharged from the overflow hole 2 enters the drainage channel 8 through the WES overflow weir 3. Along the axial direction of the overflow hole 2 (i.e., the direction of water flow in the hole), the flow surface of the WES overflow weir 3 is composed of a top curved section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curved section is further composed of an upstream connecting section and a downstream connecting section. The upstream connecting section is composed of three tangent circular arcs with different radii, while the downstream connecting section adopts a WES power curve. Along the axial direction of the WES overflow weir 3 (perpendicular to the direction of water flow above the weir), the elevation of the lower reverse arc section end (i.e., the weir toe) gradually decreases from the bank side towards the middle of the riverbed, causing the WES overflow weir 3 to form a twisted surface in the lower reverse arc section. At the same time, the slope formed by the gradual decrease in elevation at the end of the lower reverse arc section is completely consistent with the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel 7 along the length direction. Finally, the weir toe of the WES overflow weir 3 and the bottom plate of the inclined side channel 7 are completely tangent at the connection point to make the flow surface transition smoothly, so that the water flow on the flow surface of the WES overflow weir 3 is more stable and can flow smoothly into the inclined side channel 7.

[0044] See Figure 1 In some embodiments, the spillway 8 extends along its length and, along the width of the overflow channel 1, includes an outer sidewall 16 and an inner sidewall 17 disposed opposite each other. The outer sidewall 16 within the inclined side channel 7 makes a 90° arc turn in the horizontal plane; this arrangement is advantageous because it allows the water flowing into the inclined side channel 7 to be guided as smoothly as possible to the horizontal adjustment section 6. The width direction of the overflow channel 1 is parallel to the direction shown by the X-axis in the figure.

[0045] See Figure 1 and Figure 4In some embodiments, at the inclined chute 5, a swirling energy dissipation trough 18 is provided on the water-facing sidewalls of the outer sidewall 16 and the inner sidewall 17, respectively. The swirling energy dissipation trough 18 penetrates the sidewalls along the height direction of the outer sidewall 16 and the inner sidewall 17.

[0046] The swirling energy dissipation tank 18 has a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane. The width of the tank gradually decreases from the inlet (located on the side of the inclined chute 5 near the horizontal adjustment section 6) to the outlet (located on the side of the inclined chute 5 near the first-stage stilling basin 4), so that the water pressure in the tank gradually increases from the inlet to the outlet, thus avoiding cavitation damage.

[0047] From a horizontal perspective, the inlet curvature of the swirling energy dissipation tank 18 is relatively small while the outlet curvature is relatively large. The advantage of this arrangement is that it allows the tributaries within the tank to smoothly turn and form a reflux structure, ultimately causing the tributaries flowing out of the swirling energy dissipation tank 18 to collide with the side of the main stream in the inclined discharge channel 5, thus achieving the purpose of energy dissipation.

[0048] Along the length of the drainage channel 8, several swirling energy dissipation channels 18 can be arranged at intervals.

[0049] See Figure 1 In some embodiments, a secondary energy dissipation pool 12 is also included. The secondary energy dissipation pool 12 is located downstream of the primary energy dissipation pool 4. The primary energy dissipation pool 4 and the secondary energy dissipation pool 12 are connected by an energy dissipation toothed chute 9 provided on the downstream outlet dam surface of the primary energy dissipation pool.

[0050] In some embodiments, energy dissipation toothed trough 9 is provided with energy dissipation toothed trough sidewalls 14 on the left and right sides. These sidewalls can prevent water from overflowing and endangering the safety of adjacent buildings when the flow rate is too high.

[0051] In some embodiments, the bottom surface of the energy dissipation groove 9 is provided with a plurality of randomly distributed, uneven energy dissipation teeth 10. In actual engineering, the energy dissipation teeth 10 can be landscape stones, concrete structures, etc.

[0052] By fixing energy-dissipating teeth 10 on the bottom plate surface of the energy-dissipating tooth trough 9, the kinetic energy of the water flow flowing down into the trough can be eliminated on the one hand, and the splashing water in the trough can also enhance the spectacular effect of the water discharge landscape on the other hand.

[0053] In some embodiments where the energy dissipation teeth 10 use landscape stones, the landscape stones can be laid out in a fixed manner to form a fixed landscape stone layer, with varying spacing between the landscape stones. Simultaneously, the bottom slab of the energy dissipation tooth channel 9 can be made of highly permeable concrete. When water flows through the energy dissipation tooth channel 9, part of the water seeps into the pores inside the bottom slab concrete and dissipates some energy during the flow, while the other part flows on the surface of the bottom slab and collides with the energy dissipation teeth 10 to dissipate energy.

[0054] In some embodiments, a drop 11 (i.e., the upstream side wall of the secondary stilling pool 12) is provided at the end of the energy dissipation toothed trough 9.

[0055] The drop sill 11 creates a height difference between the bottom end of the energy dissipation toothed chute 9 and the bottom plate of the secondary stilling basin 12. When water flows from the bottom end of the energy dissipation toothed chute 9 into the secondary stilling basin 12, the thickness of the water cushion formed by the drop sill in the secondary stilling basin 12 prevents the water flowing into the basin from directly impacting the bottom plate of the basin. At the same time, it forces the mainstream flowing into the basin to generate reverse vortexes on the surface of the water tongue, forming a bottom flow energy dissipation mode. Therefore, the drop sill 11 not only protects the bottom plate of the basin from impact damage but also greatly enhances the energy dissipation effect.

[0056] See Figure 1 and Figure 5 In some embodiments, the secondary stilling pool 12 includes a downstream side pool wall 13, an upstream side pool wall (i.e., a drop 11) and a tailrace channel 15. The downstream side pool wall 13 and the energy dissipation toothed chute 9 are arranged directly opposite each other, and the downstream side pool wall 13 is provided with an energy dissipation component 19.

[0057] In this embodiment, the tailrace channel 15 is located on the left or right side of the secondary stilling pool 12. The water in the pool flows smoothly into the downstream river channel after the bottom flow dissipates energy and the stilling components dissipate energy.

[0058] The energy dissipation component 19 is used to reduce the impact of water flow on the downstream side wall 13 of the secondary energy dissipation pool and convert the kinetic energy of the water flow into elastic potential energy. At the same time, it also utilizes the water flow ejected from the nozzle 30 to collide with the water flow in the pool, thereby further increasing the energy dissipation effect.

[0059] See Figure 1 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 In some embodiments, the energy dissipation assembly 19 includes an energy dissipation plate 20, a first elastic element 21, a piston cylinder 22, a second elastic element 27, a plurality of piston parts 23, and a third elastic element 28. The energy dissipation plate 20 is rotatably connected to the downstream side wall 13 of the secondary energy dissipation tank. The first elastic element 21 is used to connect the energy dissipation plate 20 and the downstream side wall 13. The piston cylinder 22 is fixed to the wall surface of the downstream side wall 13, and the axial direction of the piston cylinder 22 is perpendicular to the downstream side wall 13. The piston cylinder 22 includes a cylinder port and a spray nozzle 30, both of which are located on the side of the piston cylinder 22 away from the downstream side wall 13, and both the cylinder port and the spray nozzle 30 face the upstream side of the secondary energy dissipation tank 12.

[0060] Multiple piston sections 23 are arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 22 (i.e., perpendicular to the downstream side pool wall 13). Adjacent piston sections 23 are connected by a second elastic member 27. The multiple piston sections 23 are installed on the piston cylinder 22 and located on the upstream side of the downstream side pool wall 13. Among the multiple piston sections 23, the piston section 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22 is inserted into the cylinder opening and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder 22 with reliable sealing. Except for the piston section 23 furthest from the piston cylinder 22, the other piston sections 23 have through holes 29 in their internal centers. When the multiple piston sections 23 move closer to the piston cylinder 22, the through holes 29 of the piston section 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22 between two adjacent piston sections 23 are blocked by the piston section 23 furthest from the piston cylinder 22. The piston section 23 furthest from the piston cylinder 22 abuts against the downstream surface of the stress-relief plate 20. A third elastic member 28 is used to connect the piston cylinder 22 and the piston section 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22.

[0061] The stilling plate 20 can be rotatably connected to the downstream side wall 13 of the secondary stilling tank at the top, and its bottom is movable. When the water flowing into the tank impacts the stilling plate 20, the stilling plate 20 can buffer the impact of the water flow.

[0062] The first elastic element 21 can be a spring. When the stilling plate 20 is impacted by water flow, the stilling plate 20 moves closer to the downstream side pool wall 13. The first elastic element 21 is used to provide an elastic force to reset the stilling plate 20 upstream.

[0063] The port of piston cylinder 22 is used to allow multiple piston sections 23 to enter and exit piston cylinder 22.

[0064] The water nozzle 30 of the piston cylinder 22 is used to spray out the water accumulated inside the piston cylinder 22 when multiple piston parts 23 move into the piston cylinder 22 and form a closed cylinder.

[0065] A mating structure can be provided between two adjacent piston parts 23, so that the piston part 23 can only move along the axial direction of the piston cylinder 22. For example, between two adjacent piston parts 23, one can be provided with a guide rod and the other can be provided with a guide hole, with the guide rod passing through the guide hole.

[0066] The second elastic element 27 may be a spring. The second elastic element 27 is used to connect adjacent piston parts 23 and provide elastic force to move all piston parts 23 away from the piston cylinder 22 to reset.

[0067] When the water flow velocity is low, under the action of the second elastic element 27, the multiple piston parts 23 can form a multi-stage buffer structure, which can not only increase the buffering effect of the stress dissipation plate 20 on the water flow, but also reduce the risk of damage to the first elastic element 21 and the second elastic element 27.

[0068] When the water flow velocity is high enough, the external force applied by the energy dissipation plate 20 to all piston parts 23 can cause these piston parts 23 to abut against each other. At this time, all piston parts 23 form a closed structure. Then, under the action of the water flow in the pool, the energy dissipation plate 20 continues to move towards the downstream side pool wall 13, pushing these piston parts 23 to continue moving into the piston cylinder 22. These closed piston parts 23 can generate a squeezing force on the water flow in the piston cylinder 22, forcing the water flow in the piston cylinder 22 to be sprayed upstream from the spray nozzle 30, and then collide with the water flow falling into the pool from the energy dissipation tooth trough 9 to dissipate energy.

[0069] The third elastic element 28 can be a spring. The third elastic element 28 is used to connect the piston cylinder 22 and the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22, and provides an elastic force to move the piston part 23 closest to the piston cylinder 22 away from the piston cylinder 22 to reset.

[0070] After the injection is completed, under the action of the second elastic element 27, the two adjacent piston parts 23 separate, causing the through hole 29 of the piston part 23 to open, and the cylinder port side of the piston cylinder 22 to reconnect with the water flow in the secondary stilling tank 12. On the one hand, this reduces the risk that the piston part 23 may be difficult to reset due to the possible negative pressure in the piston cylinder 22; on the other hand, it allows the water flow in the tank to re-enter the piston cylinder 22 in preparation for the next extrusion injection.

[0071] In some embodiments, starting from the second elastic element 27 closest to the piston cylinder 22, the elastic coefficient of each second elastic element 27 gradually decreases in the direction of the stress relief plate 20, that is, the second elastic element 27 further away from the piston cylinder 22 is more likely to deform.

[0072] The advantage of this design is that when multiple piston sections 23 form a multi-stage buffer structure, the second elastic element 27 can be compressed step by step, increasing its service life. Furthermore, when the water flow impact force is too large, it can increase the ejection effect of the piston cylinder 22. For example, starting with the piston section 23 furthest from the piston cylinder 22, multiple piston sections 23 are respectively configured as the first piston section 24, the second piston section 25, the third piston section 26, ..., the Nth piston section. Under the impact of the water flow, the first piston section 24 and the second piston section 25 first close together, and the through hole 29 of the second piston section 25 can form a water storage structure. When the first piston section 24 and the second piston section 25 move together towards the third piston section 26, the first piston section 24 and the second piston section 25 can drive the water flow towards the piston cylinder 22, and this cycle continues until all piston sections 23 come into contact with each other. In this way, before the multiple piston sections 23 enter the piston cylinder 22, the water spray nozzle 30 of the piston cylinder 22 can start spraying water in advance, which greatly enhances the energy dissipation effect of the water flow.

[0073] The above embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, alterations, or substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure, comprising a spillway (1), wherein along the length of the spillway (1), the spillway (1) includes two overflow holes (2) symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, characterized in that, include: A primary stilling basin (4) is located on the axis of symmetry between the two overflow holes (2); two drainage channels (8) are provided corresponding to the two overflow holes (2). The drainage channels (8) are used to connect the overflow holes (2) and the primary stilling basin (4). Along the water flow direction, the drainage channels (8) are connected to the WES overflow weir (3) and then to the primary stilling basin (4). The drainage channels (8) are composed of an inclined side channel (7), a horizontal adjustment section (6), and an inclined discharge channel (5) in sequence along the water flow direction. The WES overflow weir ( 3) The flow surface is composed of three parts: a top curved section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curved section connects to the overflow hole (2), and the lower reverse arc section connects to the inclined side channel (7). At the same time, the slope formed by the gradual decrease in elevation at the end of the lower reverse arc section is completely consistent with the slope of the bottom plate of the inclined side channel (7) along the length of the spillway (1). Finally, the toe of the WES overflow weir (3) and the bottom plate of the inclined side channel (7) are completely tangent at the connection to make the flow surface transition smoothly. It also includes a secondary stilling basin (12), which is located downstream of the primary stilling basin (4). The primary stilling basin (4) and the secondary stilling basin (12) are connected by an energy dissipation toothed chute (9) set on the downstream outlet dam surface of the primary stilling basin. The secondary stilling basin (12) is provided with a tailrace channel (15). The energy dissipation toothed chute (9) is located upstream of the secondary stilling basin (12). The tailrace channel (15) is located on the left or right side of the secondary stilling basin (12). The bottom plate of the energy dissipation toothed chute (9) is provided with multiple randomly distributed, uneven energy dissipation teeth (10).

2. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spillway (8) extends along the length of the spillway (1) to the primary stilling basin (4). The inlet of the spillway (8) is located on the upstream side of the inclined side channel (7). The overflow hole (2) and the inlet of the spillway (8) are connected by the WES overflow weir (3). Along the axial direction of the overflow hole (2), the flow surface of the WES overflow weir (3) consists of three parts: a top curved section, a middle straight section, and a lower reverse arc section. The top curved section is composed of an upstream connecting section and a downstream connecting section. The upstream connecting section is composed of three tangent circular arcs with different radii, while the downstream connecting section adopts a WES power curve. Along the axial direction of the WES overflow weir (3), the elevation of the end of the lower reverse arc section gradually decreases from the bank side to the middle of the riverbed, so that the WES overflow weir (3) forms a twisted surface in the lower reverse arc section.

3. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spillway (8) includes an outer wall (16) and an inner wall (17) arranged opposite each other along the width direction of the spillway (1). The outer wall (16) within the range of the inclined side channel (7) turns 90° along an arc on the horizontal plane.

4. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, At the inclined chute (5), a swirling energy dissipation channel (18) is provided on the water-facing sidewall of the outer sidewall (16) and the inner sidewall (17). The swirling energy dissipation channel (18) penetrates the sidewall along the height direction of the outer sidewall (16) and the inner sidewall (17), respectively. The swirling energy dissipation channel (18) has a hook-shaped structure on the horizontal plane and the channel width gradually decreases from the inlet to the outlet. The inlet and outlet of the swirling energy dissipation channel (18) penetrate the inner wall surface of the corresponding sidewall. The inlet curvature of the swirling energy dissipation channel (18) is small and the outlet curvature is large.

5. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the energy dissipation toothed trough (9) is provided with a drop sill (11), which is the upstream side wall of the secondary energy dissipation pool (12).

6. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The secondary energy dissipation pool (12) includes a downstream side pool wall (13), which is arranged opposite to the drop sill (11), and an energy dissipation component (19) is provided on the downstream side pool wall (13).

7. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The energy dissipation component (19) includes: The stilling plate (20) is rotatably connected to the downstream side pool wall (13). The first elastic element (21) is used to connect the energy dissipation plate (20) and the downstream side pool wall (13). A piston cylinder (22) is fixed to the downstream side pool wall (13). The axis of the piston cylinder (22) is perpendicular to the downstream side pool wall (13). The piston cylinder (22) includes a cylinder port and a spray nozzle (30). The cylinder port and the spray nozzle (30) are both located on the side of the piston cylinder (22) away from the downstream side pool wall (13), that is, the cylinder port and the spray nozzle (30) are both facing the upstream side of the secondary stilling pool (12). Multiple piston sections (23) are arranged sequentially at intervals along the axial direction of the piston cylinder (22). Adjacent piston sections (23) are connected by a second elastic member (27). The multiple piston sections (23) are installed on the piston cylinder (22) and located on the upstream side of the downstream side pool wall (13). Among the multiple piston sections (23), the piston section (23) closest to the piston cylinder (22) is inserted into the cylinder opening and slides along the inner wall of the piston cylinder (22) with reliable sealing. The piston section (23) furthest from the piston cylinder (22) is the other piston section (23). Except for the piston part (23) of the piston cylinder (22), all other piston parts (23) have through holes (29) in their center. When multiple piston parts (23) move toward the piston cylinder (22), the through hole (29) of the piston part (23) closer to the piston cylinder (22) between two adjacent piston parts (23) is blocked by the piston part (23) away from the piston cylinder (22). The piston part (23) furthest from the piston cylinder (22) abuts against the downstream surface of the stress relief plate (20). The third elastic element (28) connects the piston cylinder (22) and the piston portion (23) closest to the piston cylinder (22).

8. The symmetrical two-stage energy dissipation spillway structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The elastic coefficient of each of the second elastic elements (27) gradually decreases from the cylinder port toward the stress-relief plate (20).

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