A pressure maintaining system for a gas cushion chamber of a shield machine

Abstract

The application relates to the pressure maintaining technology field of a gas cushion bin of a shield machine, in particular to a pressure maintaining system for the gas cushion bin of the shield machine, which comprises a main system and a standby system, and shares a differential pressure adjusting device, a pressure reducing device, a control module and a pressure detecting device. The main system and the standby system are respectively configured with a gas processing device, an air inlet control valve, a signal enhancer, an air outlet control valve and a noise suppression device. The pressure of the main system and the standby system is balanced through the differential pressure adjusting device, the gas processing device filters impurities, the pressure reducing device dynamically adjusts the pressure, the signal enhancer improves the response speed, and the noise suppression device eliminates the air outlet noise. The application can improve the control precision, the response speed and the adaptability of the pressure maintaining system, solves the inconvenient operation problem under complex working conditions, and provides an efficient and intelligent solution for tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel boring machine construction technology, specifically a pressure-maintaining system for the air cushion chamber of a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel construction, the pressure-maintaining system of the shield machine's air cushion chamber is one of the key technologies to ensure the stability of the excavation face and construction safety. Currently, research on shield machine air cushion chamber pressure-maintaining systems both domestically and internationally mainly focuses on maintaining the stability of the working face pressure through automatic compressed air adjustment technology. However, existing pressure-maintaining systems still have many shortcomings under complex working conditions, such as insufficient control precision, slow response speed, and inconvenient operation. These problems may affect construction efficiency and pose certain safety hazards.

[0003] Patent CN11478214126B discloses a pressure-maintaining control system for a tunnel boring machine's circulating air cushion chamber. This system, through the use of multiple electrically controlled proportional valves and pressure detectors, achieves rapid inflation or deflation based on real-time pressure changes, and precise flow control when approaching the target pressure. However, this technical solution involves complex components and relies on high-precision pressure detectors and controllers, which increases system costs and may cause inconvenience to on-site construction operations. Furthermore, the system's control logic depends on the coordinated operation of multiple electrically controlled proportional valves, which may introduce delays and errors in practical applications, affecting control accuracy and response speed.

[0004] Meanwhile, patent CN10601141466B discloses a water and air pressure balance control system for tunnel boring machines (TBMs) in water-rich strata. This system achieves dynamic pressure balance control within the TBM's soil chamber by installing multiple sensors and combining them with an industrial control computer and an air compressor. However, this technical solution's control strategy is primarily designed for the special working conditions of water-rich strata, exhibiting weak adaptability under other complex geological conditions. Furthermore, the system requires manual operation and monitoring, resulting in low automation and increased reliance on human intervention, potentially posing safety hazards. Additionally, the system's response speed is limited by the sensor sampling frequency and the processing power of the industrial control computer, and may not fully meet real-time control requirements under rapidly changing pressure conditions.

[0005] The aforementioned problems indicate that existing air cushion chamber pressure-maintaining systems for tunnel boring machines still have significant shortcomings in terms of control accuracy, response speed, automation level, and adaptability to complex working conditions. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient and intelligent pressure-maintaining system that can optimize control logic, improve response speed and control accuracy, simplify operating procedures, and enhance the system's adaptability to various geological conditions, in order to meet the demands of modern tunnel construction for efficient and intelligent pressure-maintaining systems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a pressure-maintaining system for the air cushion chamber of a tunnel boring machine. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pressure-maintaining system for a shield machine air cushion chamber, comprising a main system and a backup system, wherein the main system and the backup system share a differential pressure regulating device, a pressure mitigation device, a control module, and a pressure detection device; the main system includes a first gas processing device, a first air intake control valve, a first signal enhancer, a first exhaust control valve, a third signal enhancer, and a first noise suppression device; the backup system includes a second gas processing device, a second air intake control valve, a second signal enhancer, a second exhaust control valve, a fourth signal enhancer, and a second noise suppression device.

[0008] Preferably, the differential pressure regulating device is located at the system inlet. Its internal valve core adopts a double-cone structure design with a cone angle of 45° to 60°. Its surface is coated with a wear-resistant coating. It achieves pressure balance by monitoring the pressure changes between the main system and the standby system in real time and adjusting the valve core position.

[0009] Preferably, the first gas treatment device and the second gas treatment device are located on the main intake pipes of the main system and the backup system, respectively, and their built-in high-efficiency filter elements are made of multi-layer composite materials to remove impurities and moisture from the compressed air.

[0010] Preferably, the pressure relief device is connected after the first gas treatment device and the second gas treatment device. Its built-in spring mechanism is made of a high-elasticity alloy material, and the diaphragm assembly is made of a corrosion-resistant material. It dynamically adjusts the output pressure to adapt to system requirements.

[0011] Preferably, the first signal enhancer and the second signal enhancer are respectively configured on the first intake control valve and the second intake control valve, and their internal circuits adopt a high-speed operational amplifier design to amplify the control signal of the intake control valve.

[0012] Preferably, the first noise suppression device and the second noise suppression device are located on the exhaust pipes of the main system and the backup system, respectively, and their internal silencing cavities are filled with porous sound-absorbing material to eliminate noise during the exhaust process.

[0013] Preferably, when the main system is running, compressed air is filtered by the first gas processing device and then enters the pressure reduction device. Subsequently, it enters the main system through the first intake control valve. The first signal amplifier amplifies the control signal of the first intake control valve. When the pressure in the system exceeds the set value, the first exhaust control valve opens. The third signal amplifier amplifies the control signal of the first exhaust control valve. At the same time, the first noise suppression device eliminates the noise during the exhaust process.

[0014] Preferably, when the main system malfunctions or requires maintenance, the differential pressure regulating device monitors the pressure changes between the main system and the standby system in real time and adjusts the position of the internal valve core to achieve pressure balance. Compressed air is filtered by the second gas processing device and then enters the pressure reduction device. Subsequently, it enters the standby system through the second intake control valve. The second signal amplifier amplifies the control signal of the second intake control valve. When the pressure in the system exceeds the set value, the second exhaust control valve opens. The fourth signal amplifier amplifies the control signal of the second exhaust control valve. At the same time, the second noise suppression device eliminates the noise during the exhaust process.

[0015] Preferably, the control module monitors the pressure changes in the main system and the backup system in real time through a pressure detection device, and issues control commands according to a preset logic program to control the opening or closing of the first intake control valve, the second intake control valve, the first exhaust control valve and the second exhaust control valve.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention sets up a main system and a backup system, and achieves pressure balance between the main and backup systems through a differential pressure regulating device, avoiding construction interruptions due to a single system failure; it filters compressed air through a first gas processing device and a second gas processing device to remove impurities and moisture, ensuring system stability; it dynamically adjusts the output pressure through a pressure reduction device to meet the system's needs for different pressure ranges; it amplifies the control signal of the intake control valve through a first signal amplifier and a second signal amplifier, significantly improving the system's response speed; and it eliminates noise during the exhaust process through a first noise suppression device and a second noise suppression device, improving the working environment at the construction site. Through the above technical means, this invention solves the problems of insufficient control accuracy, slow response speed, and inconvenient operation of existing pressure-maintaining systems under complex working conditions, while enhancing the system's adaptability to various geological conditions, providing an efficient and intelligent pressure-maintaining solution for modern tunnel construction. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the differential pressure regulating device;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas processing device.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a noise suppression device.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Differential pressure regulating device; 2. First gas processing device; 3. Pressure reduction device; 4. Control module; 5. Pressure detection device; 6. Second gas processing device; 7. First intake control valve; 8. First signal enhancer; 9. Second intake control valve; 10. Second signal enhancer; 11. First noise suppression device; 12. First exhaust control valve; 13. Third signal enhancer; 14. Second exhaust control valve; 15. Fourth signal enhancer; 16. Second noise suppression device; 17. Compressed air. Detailed Implementation

[0022] This invention provides a pressure-maintaining system for the air cushion chamber of a tunnel boring machine, as detailed below. Figure 1-4 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the pressure-maintaining system comprises a main system and a backup system, both sharing a differential pressure regulating device 1, a pressure mitigation device 3, a control module 4, and a pressure detection device 5. The main components of the main system include a first gas handling device 2, a first intake control valve 7, a first signal amplifier 8, a first exhaust control valve 12, a third signal amplifier 13, and a first noise suppression device 11. The main components of the backup system include a second gas handling device 6, a second intake control valve 9, a second signal amplifier 10, a second exhaust control valve 14, a fourth signal amplifier 15, and a second noise suppression device 16. All these components are connected by pipes or electrical connections to form a complete system and operate according to a specific logical sequence.

[0023] Differential pressure regulating device 1 is located at the system inlet, and its internal structure adopts a double-cone valve core design, such as... Figure 2 As shown. The double-cone valve core consists of two symmetrical conical parts, which can achieve pressure equalization between the main system and the standby system by adjusting the position of the valve core. When there is a pressure difference between the main system and the standby system, the differential pressure regulating device 1 monitors the pressure changes in real time and dynamically adjusts the valve core position to make the pressure of the two systems tend to be consistent. This design ensures that there will be no sudden pressure change when switching from the main system to the standby system. The outlet of the differential pressure regulating device 1 is connected to the inlet of the first gas processing device 2 and the second gas processing device 6, respectively, thereby distributing compressed air 17 to the main system and the standby system.

[0024] The first gas treatment device 2 and the second gas treatment device 6 are located on the main intake pipes of the main system and the backup system, respectively. Their built-in high-efficiency filter elements are made of multi-layer composite materials. These filter elements have high filtration accuracy and can effectively remove impurities and moisture from the compressed air 17. The outlet of the first gas treatment device 2 is connected to the inlet of the pressure reduction device 3; similarly, the outlet of the second gas treatment device 6 is also connected to the inlet of the pressure reduction device 3. The internal structure of the pressure reduction device 3 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, its core components include a spring mechanism and a diaphragm assembly. The spring mechanism is made of a high-elasticity alloy material, possessing excellent elasticity and durability; the diaphragm assembly is made of corrosion-resistant material, ensuring stable performance during long-term use. The pressure mitigation device 3 dynamically adjusts the output pressure to a range suitable for system operation through the synergistic action of the spring mechanism and the diaphragm assembly. The compressed air 17 processed by the pressure mitigation device 3 enters the intake control valves of the main system and the standby system, respectively.

[0025] The main system's air intake control is accomplished by the first intake control valve 7, and a first signal amplifier 8 is configured on the first intake control valve 7. The internal circuit of the first signal amplifier 8 employs a high-speed operational amplifier design, which amplifies the control signal of the first intake control valve 7, thereby improving the response speed. The outlet of the first intake control valve 7 is connected to the main system's air path, and the compressed air 17 passing through the first intake control valve 7 enters the subsequent pipeline of the main system. When the pressure in the main system exceeds the set value, the first exhaust control valve 12 opens to release the excess pressure. The control signal of the first exhaust control valve 12 is amplified by the third signal amplifier 13 to accelerate the exhaust speed. Figure 4 As shown, the outlet of the first exhaust control valve 12 is connected to the inlet of the first noise suppression device 11. The internal silencing cavity of the first noise suppression device 11 is filled with porous sound-absorbing material, which can effectively eliminate noise during the exhaust process.

[0026] The operating principle of the backup system is similar to that of the main system, but its main components are the second intake control valve 9, the second signal amplifier 10, the second exhaust control valve 14, and the second noise suppression device 16. The inlet of the second intake control valve 9 is connected to the outlet of the pressure reduction device 3, and its outlet is connected to the air path of the backup system. The second signal amplifier 10 is mounted on the second intake control valve 9 and amplifies its control signal. When the pressure in the backup system exceeds a set value, the second exhaust control valve 14 opens to release the excess pressure. The control signal of the second exhaust control valve 14 is amplified by the fourth signal amplifier 15 to accelerate the exhaust speed. The outlet of the second exhaust control valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the second noise suppression device 16. The internal silencing cavity of the second noise suppression device 16 is also filled with porous sound-absorbing material, which effectively eliminates noise during the exhaust process.

[0027] In actual construction, the main system is usually in operation, while the backup system serves as an emergency backup. When the main system is operating normally, compressed air 17 enters the differential pressure regulating device 1 from an external air source, and after being regulated by a double-cone valve core, it enters the first gas treatment device 2. The first gas treatment device 2 performs preliminary filtration on the compressed air 17, removing impurities and moisture. The filtered compressed air 17 enters the pressure reduction device 3, where the output pressure is controlled within a suitable range for system use through dynamic adjustment by a spring mechanism and diaphragm assembly. Subsequently, the compressed air 17 enters the main system through the first intake control valve 7, and the first signal amplifier 8 amplifies the control signal of the first intake control valve 7 to improve the response speed. If the pressure in the main system exceeds the set value, the first exhaust control valve 12 opens, and the third signal amplifier 13 amplifies the control signal of the first exhaust control valve 12 to accelerate the exhaust speed. At the same time, the first noise suppression device 11 eliminates noise during the exhaust process.

[0028] When the main system malfunctions or requires maintenance, the standby system automatically switches to operating mode. At this time, the differential pressure regulating device 1 monitors the pressure changes between the main and standby systems in real time and adjusts the internal valve core position to achieve pressure balance. Compressed air 17 enters the differential pressure regulating device 1 from an external air source, and after being regulated by a double-cone valve core, it enters the second gas processing device 6. The second gas processing device 6 filters the compressed air 17 to remove impurities and moisture. The filtered compressed air 17 enters the pressure reduction device 3, where the output pressure is controlled within a suitable range for system use through dynamic adjustment by a spring mechanism and diaphragm assembly. Subsequently, the compressed air 17 enters the standby system through the second intake control valve 9, and the second signal amplifier 10 amplifies the control signal of the second intake control valve 9 to improve response speed. If the pressure in the standby system exceeds the set value, the second exhaust control valve 14 opens, and the fourth signal amplifier 15 amplifies the control signal of the second exhaust control valve 14 to accelerate the exhaust speed. Simultaneously, the second noise suppression device 16 eliminates noise during the exhaust process.

[0029] The entire system's operation is managed centrally by control module 4. Control module 4 monitors pressure changes in the main and backup systems in real time via pressure detection device 5 and issues control commands according to a pre-set logic program. For example, when the pressure in the main system is lower than the set value, control module 4 issues a command to open the first intake control valve 7; when the pressure in the main system is higher than the set value, control module 4 issues a command to open the first exhaust control valve 12. Similarly, when the pressure in the backup system is lower than the set value, control module 4 issues a command to open the second intake control valve 9; when the pressure in the backup system is higher than the set value, control module 4 issues a command to open the second exhaust control valve 14. In this way, the system can achieve precise pressure control, thereby meeting the needs of the tunnel boring machine's air cushion chamber under different working conditions.

[0030] In practical applications, the pressure-maintaining system of this invention can be widely used in tunnel construction under various complex geological conditions. For example, when constructing in soft soil or water-bearing strata, the air cushion chamber of the tunnel boring machine needs to maintain stable pressure to prevent ground collapse or water inrush. This invention sets up a main system and a backup system, and achieves pressure balance between the main and backup systems through the differential pressure regulating device 1, avoiding construction interruption due to a single system failure. In addition, the first gas processing device 2 and the second gas processing device 6 filter the compressed air 17 to remove impurities and moisture, ensuring the stability of system operation. The pressure reduction device 3 dynamically adjusts the output pressure to meet the system's requirements for different pressure ranges. The first signal amplifier 8 and the second signal amplifier 10 amplify the control signal of the intake control valve, significantly improving the system's response speed. The first noise suppression device 11 and the second noise suppression device 16 eliminate noise during the exhaust process, improving the working environment at the construction site. Through the above technical means, this invention solves the problems of insufficient control accuracy, slow response speed, and inconvenient operation of existing pressure-maintaining systems under complex working conditions, while enhancing the system's adaptability to various geological conditions, providing an efficient and intelligent pressure-maintaining solution for modern tunnel construction.

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand and implement this invention, the specific implementation principle of this invention is further explained below in conjunction with a specific application scenario.

[0032] In a tunnel construction project, the air cushion chamber of the tunnel boring machine needs to maintain stable internal pressure to ensure the stability of the excavation face. The geological conditions in this construction area are complex, including soft soil layers and water-bearing strata, thus placing high demands on the control accuracy, response speed, and adaptability of the pressure-maintaining system. Based on the pressure-maintaining system provided by this invention, its operation process is as follows:

[0033] First, compressed air 17 enters the differential pressure regulating device 1 from an external air source. The differential pressure regulating device 1 employs a double-cone valve core design, dynamically adjusting the valve core position by real-time monitoring of the pressure difference between the main system and the standby system, thereby achieving pressure balance between the two systems. This design ensures that even during the switchover from the main system to the standby system, pressure fluctuations will not affect construction safety. The compressed air 17, after being processed by the differential pressure regulating device 1, is distributed to the inlets of the first gas processing device 2 and the second gas processing device 6.

[0034] Subsequently, the compressed air 17 enters the first gas treatment device 2 for preliminary filtration. The first gas treatment device 2 has a built-in multi-layer composite material filter element, which can effectively remove impurities and moisture from the compressed air (17), thereby ensuring that subsequent pipelines and components are protected from contamination or corrosion. The filtered compressed air 17 flows into the pressure reduction device 3, and through the synergistic action of the spring mechanism and diaphragm assembly, the output pressure is dynamically adjusted to a range suitable for system use. This dynamic adjustment mechanism enables the system to adapt to pressure requirements under different operating conditions, while avoiding control errors caused by pressure fluctuations.

[0035] Next, the compressed air 17, processed by the pressure reduction device 3, enters the main system through the first intake control valve 7. The first signal amplifier 8 is mounted on the first intake control valve 7, and its internal circuitry employs a high-speed operational amplifier design. By amplifying the control signal of the first intake control valve 7, it significantly improves the valve's response speed. When the pressure in the main system is lower than the set value, the control module 4 issues a command based on the data fed back by the pressure detection device 5, causing the first intake control valve 7 to open quickly and replenish the compressed air 17 in a timely manner. When the pressure in the main system is higher than the set value, the control module 4 issues a command to open the first exhaust control valve 12, and the control signal is amplified by the third signal amplifier 13 to accelerate the exhaust speed. Simultaneously, the first noise suppression device 11 eliminates the noise generated during the exhaust process through its internal porous sound-absorbing material, improving the working environment at the construction site.

[0036] When the main system malfunctions or requires maintenance, the standby system automatically switches to operating mode. At this time, the differential pressure regulating device 1 continues to monitor pressure changes between the main and standby systems and achieves pressure balance between the two systems by adjusting the position of the double-cone valve core. Compressed air 17, after being distributed by the differential pressure regulating device 1, enters the second gas treatment device 6 for filtration of impurities and moisture. Subsequently, the compressed air 17 undergoes dynamic pressure regulation via the pressure reduction device 3 before entering the standby system via the second intake control valve 9. The second signal amplifier 10 amplifies the control signal of the second intake control valve 9 to improve its response speed. If the pressure in the standby system exceeds the set value, the second exhaust control valve 14 opens, and the fourth signal amplifier 15 amplifies its control signal to accelerate the exhaust speed, while the second noise suppression device 16 eliminates exhaust noise.

[0037] The entire system's operation is managed by control module 4. Control module 4 monitors pressure changes in both the main and backup systems in real time via pressure detection device 5 and issues control commands based on a preset logic program. For example, during normal operation of the main system, when the system pressure is detected to be lower than the target value, control module 4 issues a command to open the first intake control valve 7 to supplement compressed air 17; when the system pressure is detected to be higher than the target value, it issues a command to open the first exhaust control valve 12 to release excess pressure. Similarly, when the backup system is in operation, control module 4 also issues corresponding commands based on pressure detection data to ensure stable operation of the backup system.

[0038] As can be seen from the above operating steps, this invention effectively avoids the risk of construction interruption due to a single system failure by setting up a main system and a backup system and using the differential pressure regulating device 1 to achieve pressure balance between the two systems. Simultaneously, the first gas processing device 2 and the second gas processing device 6 filter the compressed air 17, removing impurities and moisture, ensuring the stability of system operation. The pressure reduction device 3 dynamically adjusts the output pressure through the synergistic action of the spring mechanism and the diaphragm assembly, meeting the system's requirements for different pressure ranges. Furthermore, the first signal amplifier 8 and the second signal amplifier 10 amplify the control signal of the intake control valve, significantly improving the system's response speed; the first noise suppression device 11 and the second noise suppression device 16 eliminate exhaust noise through porous sound-absorbing materials, improving the working environment at the construction site.

[0039] In summary, this invention solves the problems of insufficient control accuracy, slow response speed, and inconvenient operation of existing pressure-holding systems under complex working conditions through the above-mentioned technical means. At the same time, it enhances the adaptability of the system under various geological conditions, providing an efficient and intelligent pressure-holding solution for modern tunnel construction.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pressure-maintaining system for an air cushion chamber in a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: It includes a main system and a backup system, which share a differential pressure regulating device (1), a pressure reduction device (3), a control module (4) and a pressure detection device (5). The differential pressure regulating device (1) is located at the system inlet. Its internal valve core adopts a double cone structure design with a cone angle of 45° to 60° and is coated with a wear-resistant coating. It is used to monitor the pressure change between the main system and the backup system in real time and adjust the valve core position to achieve pressure balance. The pressure relief device (3) has a built-in spring mechanism and a diaphragm assembly. The spring mechanism is made of a high-elasticity alloy material, and the diaphragm assembly is made of a corrosion-resistant material. It is used to dynamically adjust the output pressure to adapt to the system requirements. The main system includes a first gas processing device (2), a first intake control valve (7), a first signal enhancer (8), a first exhaust control valve (12), a third signal enhancer (13), and a first noise suppression device (11). The first gas processing device (2) is located on the main intake pipe of the main system. Its built-in high-efficiency filter element is made of multi-layer composite material and is used to remove impurities and moisture from the compressed air (17). The first signal enhancer (8) is configured on the first intake control valve (7), and its internal circuit adopts a high-speed operational amplifier design to amplify the control signal of the intake control valve; The third signal enhancer (13) is disposed on the first exhaust control valve (12); The first noise suppression device (11) is located on the exhaust pipe of the main system, and its internal sound-absorbing cavity is filled with porous sound-absorbing material; The backup system includes a second gas processing device (6), a second intake control valve (9), a second signal enhancer (10), a second exhaust control valve (14), a fourth signal enhancer (15), and a second noise suppression device (16). The second gas processing device (6) is located on the main intake pipe of the backup system, and its built-in high-efficiency filter element is made of multi-layer composite material; The second signal enhancer (10) is configured on the second intake control valve (9), and its internal circuit adopts a high-speed operational amplifier design; The fourth signal enhancer (15) is disposed on the second exhaust control valve (14); The second noise suppression device (16) is located on the exhaust pipe of the backup system, and its internal silencing cavity is filled with porous sound-absorbing material.

2. The pressure-holding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the main system is running, compressed air (17) is filtered by the first gas processing device (2) and then enters the pressure reduction device (3). It then enters the main system through the first intake control valve (7). The first signal amplifier (8) amplifies the control signal of the first intake control valve (7). When the pressure in the system exceeds the set value, the first exhaust control valve (12) opens. The third signal amplifier (13) amplifies the control signal of the first exhaust control valve (12). At the same time, the first noise suppression device (11) eliminates the noise during the exhaust process.

3. The pressure-holding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the main system malfunctions or requires maintenance, the pressure difference regulating device (1) monitors the pressure change between the main system and the standby system in real time and adjusts the position of the internal valve core to achieve pressure balance. Compressed air (17) is filtered by the second gas processing device (6) and then enters the pressure reduction device (3). Subsequently, it enters the standby system through the second intake control valve (9). The second signal amplifier (10) amplifies the control signal of the second intake control valve (9). When the pressure in the system exceeds the set value, the second exhaust control valve (14) opens. The fourth signal amplifier (15) amplifies the control signal of the second exhaust control valve (14). At the same time, the second noise suppression device (16) eliminates the noise during the exhaust process.

4. The pressure-holding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (4) monitors the pressure changes in the main system and the backup system in real time through the pressure detection device (5), and issues control commands according to the preset logic program to control the opening or closing of the first intake control valve (7), the second intake control valve (9), the first exhaust control valve (12), and the second exhaust control valve (14).

5. A pressure equalization control method for the pressure-maintaining system of a tunnel boring machine's air cushion chamber, characterized in that, The pressure equalization control method for the pressure-maintaining system of the air cushion chamber for a tunnel boring machine according to claim 1 includes the following steps: S1. The pressure change between the main system and the standby system is monitored in real time by the differential pressure regulating device (1); S2. When there is a pressure difference between the main system and the standby system, the pressure of the two systems can be made to be consistent by adjusting the position of the double cone valve core inside the differential pressure regulating device (1); S3. The compressed air (17) after differential pressure adjustment enters the first gas treatment device (2) and the second gas treatment device (6) respectively, and removes impurities and moisture through the multi-layer composite material filter element; S4. The filtered compressed air (17) enters the pressure reduction device (3), and through the synergistic action of the spring mechanism and the diaphragm assembly, the output pressure is dynamically adjusted to a range suitable for the system. S5. When the main system takes in air through the first intake control valve (7), the first signal amplifier (8) amplifies the control signal; when the standby system takes in air through the second intake control valve (9), the second signal amplifier (10) amplifies the control signal. S6. When the pressure in the system exceeds the set value, the exhaust control valve of the corresponding system opens, the third signal enhancer (13) or the fourth signal enhancer (15) amplifies the control signal of the exhaust control valve, and at the same time the noise suppression device eliminates the noise during the exhaust process.

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