Energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and discloses a charging and discharging safety protection system for an energy storage battery, which comprises an auxiliary circuit for heat dissipation of battery modules in a battery pack, refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary circuit, and a control module for controlling the start of the auxiliary circuit, the auxiliary circuit comprises a composite direct cooling plate above the battery modules in the battery pack for heat dissipation of the battery modules, and the composite direct cooling plate comprises at least two layers of directly connected direct cooling plates; the control module is also used for controlling the refrigerant to flow through the direct cooling plates of the corresponding layers according to the different heat dissipation requirements of the upper part of the battery cell, and the refrigerant flows through the composite direct cooling plate through the auxiliary circuit to dissipate heat for the battery modules. The present application can ensure uniform temperature distribution inside the battery cell, ensure the charging and discharging efficiency, improve the service life, and prevent thermal runaway.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, specifically to a safety protection system and method for charging and discharging energy storage batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage batteries mainly refer to battery packs used for storing and releasing energy. A battery pack includes multiple battery modules located within the battery pack, and each battery module includes multiple cells. When the battery pack is running, that is, during charging and discharging, the cells inside the battery pack generate a lot of heat. Currently, direct cooling plates or liquid cooling plates are usually installed under the battery modules to dissipate heat and cool the cells.

[0003] During battery pack operation, heat is transferred from bottom to top within the cells. Since the direct cooling plate or liquid cooling plate is located below the battery module, it only provides rapid heat dissipation to the lower part of the cells, which can lead to a greater accumulation of heat at the top of the cells. As a result, the temperature at the top of the cells is relatively higher than that at the bottom, leading to uneven temperature distribution within the cells. This can cause inconsistent chemical reaction rates within the battery, resulting in overcharging / over-discharging in some areas of the cells due to high temperatures, reducing overall charging and discharging efficiency. Temperature differences within the cells can also lead to different aging rates of internal battery materials, accelerating overall capacity decay and reducing lifespan. Areas with excessively high cell temperatures may trigger internal side reactions, releasing heat and initiating a chain reaction that could lead to thermal runaway. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, one of the objectives of this invention is to provide a safe protection system for charging and discharging energy storage batteries, which can ensure uniform temperature distribution inside the battery cell, ensure charging and discharging efficiency, improve service life, and prevent thermal runaway.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: a safety protection system for charging and discharging energy storage batteries, including an auxiliary circuit for cooling the battery modules inside the battery pack, a refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary circuit, and a control module for controlling the start of the auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit includes a composite direct cooling plate located above the battery modules inside the battery pack for cooling the battery modules. The composite direct cooling plate includes at least two layers of direct cooling plates that are bonded together.

[0006] The control module is also used to control the flow of refrigerant through the corresponding direct cooling plate according to the different heat dissipation requirements of the upper part of the battery cell. The refrigerant flows through the composite direct cooling plate through the auxiliary circuit to dissipate heat and cool down the battery module.

[0007] The principle of the technical solution:

[0008] Because the composite direct cooling plate in this solution includes at least two layers of bonded direct cooling plates, and is located above the battery module, and cools the battery cell via refrigerant, some direct cooling plates are close to the top surface of the battery cell, while others are far away. This means that the distances between the multiple direct cooling plates and the top surface of the battery cell vary, allowing for precise cooling of the battery cell based on its top surface temperature. When the top surface temperature of the battery cell is slightly high, the control module directs the refrigerant to flow through the direct cooling plates far from the top surface, because at this point the temperature at the top of the battery cell is only slightly high, and the refrigerant... When the cell's body temperature is relatively low, the refrigerant is allowed to dissipate heat through a direct cooling plate that is farther from the cell's top surface. This prevents a rapid drop in temperature at the top of the cell and removes the heat accumulated there, resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution within the cell. When the cell's top surface temperature is high, the control module directs the refrigerant to flow through a direct cooling plate closer to the cell's top surface or sequentially through multiple direct cooling plates. Because the cell's top temperature is high at this time, allowing the refrigerant to dissipate heat through a direct cooling plate closer to the cell's top surface quickly removes the heat accumulated there, preventing localized overheating and thermal runaway.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0010] This invention, by setting a composite direct cooling plate above the battery module, can not only dissipate heat and cool the upper part of the battery cell, but also precisely dissipate heat and cool the battery cell according to the temperature of the upper part of the battery cell, ensuring that the internal temperature of the battery cell is always uniformly distributed, thereby ensuring charging and discharging efficiency, improving service life, and preventing thermal runaway.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell is also included. The first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. The composite direct cooling plate includes a first direct cooling plate and a second direct cooling plate. The first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate are bonded together, and the first direct cooling plate is located above the second direct cooling plate.

[0012] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and starts the auxiliary circuit.

[0013] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow sequentially through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate, and starts the auxiliary circuit.

[0014] Beneficial effects: This invention, through the cooperation of a control module, a first detection module, a first direct cooling plate, and a second direct cooling plate, can accurately take corresponding heat dissipation and cooling measures according to the surface temperature of the battery cell. For example, when the surface temperature of the battery cell is between a first temperature threshold and a second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate, so that the refrigerant both dissipates heat from the upper part of the battery cell and is kept at a certain distance from the upper part of the battery cell. This avoids excessive heat removal from the upper part of the battery cell due to the refrigerant's own low temperature, and also removes the heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell, resulting in a uniform temperature distribution inside the battery cell. When the surface temperature of the battery cell is higher than the second temperature threshold, there is excessive heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell. The control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate in sequence, so that the refrigerant is closer to the upper part of the battery cell, which can quickly remove the heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell, preventing excessive local heat in the battery cell and preventing thermal runaway.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite direct cooling plate includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate that are sequentially bonded together. The first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together to form a first layer of direct cooling plate, and the second substrate and the third substrate are bonded together to form a second layer of direct cooling plate. Both the second substrate and the third substrate are provided with a flow channel structure for the refrigerant to flow through. The second substrate includes a first inlet and a first outlet that both penetrate the third substrate, and the third substrate includes a second inlet and a second outlet.

[0016] The auxiliary circuit also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, as well as a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve. The first solenoid valve is connected to the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve is connected to the first outlet, the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve is connected to the second outlet and the outlet pipe.

[0017] The control module is also used to control the switching of the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve.

[0018] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit.

[0019] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second outlet and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit.

[0020] Beneficial effects: The present invention can control the flow direction of the refrigerant through the control module, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve, thereby precisely controlling the flow of the refrigerant to the first direct cooling plate, or sequentially through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate. In other words, it can precisely dissipate heat and cool down the upper part of the battery cell as needed, thereby ensuring a uniform temperature distribution inside the battery cell.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary circuit further includes a fire-fighting pipe, one end of which is connected to the first solenoid valve, and the other end is located between the second layer of direct cooling plate and the battery cell;

[0022] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the connection between the liquid inlet pipe and the fire-fighting pipe.

[0023] Beneficial effects: In this invention, the control module, the first solenoid valve, the liquid inlet pipe, and the fire-fighting pipe work together to change the flow direction of the refrigerant, allowing the refrigerant to act as a fire-fighting medium. The refrigerant flows directly from the liquid inlet pipe to the fire-fighting pipe and is sprayed onto the top of the battery module, quickly dissipating heat and cooling the battery cells to prevent thermal runaway. After being heated to high temperatures, the refrigerant turns into a gas, which can quickly dilute the concentration of flammable gas emitted by the battery cells in the battery pack, reducing the risk of combustion and explosion and minimizing the propagation of thermal runaway. The composite direct cooling plate can also serve as a buffer to prevent external pressure on the upper surface of the battery pack from directly compressing the battery module.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of partitions are provided at intervals below the third substrate, arranged along the length of the battery module. The partitions are located between adjacent battery modules and are attached to the corresponding battery modules. The third substrate, the partitions located on both sides of a battery module, and the upper surface of the battery module form an enclosed space that extends through both ends.

[0025] The fire-fighting pipe includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes connected to the main pipe, and the branch pipes are all located in corresponding enclosed spaces.

[0026] Explanation: Multiple battery modules are located inside the battery pack, and there are gaps between the multiple battery modules.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The composite direct cooling plate, in conjunction with multiple separators, not only helps to limit the positioning of multiple battery modules, ensuring they remain as a single unit and preventing collisions during transportation, but also forms heat dissipation channels, reducing heat transfer between modules, minimizing the formation of localized hot spots, and improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery pack. This allows the composite direct cooling plate to more effectively remove heat. Furthermore, it enables multiple battery modules to be installed as a single unit on the battery pack housing, improving assembly efficiency and reducing assembly errors. Multiple branch pipes, located in their respective enclosed spaces, provide precise and rapid fire suppression and cooling of the cells, preventing thermal runaway.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary circuit further includes a fourth solenoid valve, which is connected to the fire pipe, the liquid outlet pipe, and the third solenoid valve respectively.

[0029] The control module is also used to control the switching of the fourth solenoid valve;

[0030] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the fourth solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the third solenoid valve and the fire pipe.

[0031] Beneficial effects: This invention, through the fourth solenoid valve, allows the refrigerant in the composite direct cooling plate to be sprayed onto the battery module through the fire-fighting pipe. Since there are two layers of direct cooling plates, the direct cooling plates can act as internal fire-fighting tanks. The amount of internal refrigerant is sufficient, which can quickly increase the amount of refrigerant at the beginning. The liquid refrigerant dissipates heat and cools the battery module, while the gaseous refrigerant reduces the concentration of combustible gases in the battery pack, quickly suppressing the high temperature of the battery module and preventing thermal runaway.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the third solenoid valve, and the fourth solenoid valve are all located between the front end face of the battery module and the front end face of the battery pack housing.

[0033] Beneficial effects: Because there is a gap between the battery module and the front face of the battery pack housing, the internal space of the battery pack can be fully utilized, the layout can be reasonable, and the corresponding functions can be achieved without increasing the width or length of the battery pack.

[0034] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for safe charging and discharging of energy storage batteries, including the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system described above, and further including the following steps:

[0035] S1: The first detection module, used to detect the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell, transmits the detected temperature information to the control module;

[0036] S2: When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit.

[0037] Or, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second outlet and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit.

[0038] Alternatively, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the connection between the liquid inlet pipe and the fire-fighting pipe. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composite direct cooling plate in the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composite direct cooling plate from another angle in the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composite direct cooling plate at another angle in the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the composite direct cooling plate in the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure at position A of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the composite direct cooling plate in the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a control diagram of the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention will be specifically described in the following description. It should be understood that the present invention can have various variations in different embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and the descriptions and illustrations herein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the present invention.

[0047] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," "side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0048] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] The reference numerals in the attached drawings include: first substrate 1, second substrate 2, first inlet 201, first outlet 202, third substrate 3, second inlet 301, second outlet 302, first solenoid valve 4, second solenoid valve 5, third solenoid valve 6, partition 7, fire-fighting pipe 8, main pipe 801, branch pipe 802, liquid inlet pipe 9, and liquid outlet pipe 10.

[0050] Explanation: In this solution, a direct cooling plate or liquid cooling plate is installed below the battery module of the battery pack to cool and dissipate heat from the battery module.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system includes an auxiliary circuit for cooling the battery modules inside the battery pack, a refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary circuit, and a control module for controlling the start of the auxiliary circuit.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, the auxiliary circuit includes a composite direct cooling plate located above the battery module inside the battery pack for heat dissipation and cooling of the battery module, a fire-fighting pipe 8, an inlet pipe 9, an outlet pipe 10, a first solenoid valve 4, a second solenoid valve 5, and a third solenoid valve 6.

[0054] The composite direct cooling plate includes at least two layers of direct cooling plates that are bonded together. In this embodiment, the composite direct cooling plate includes a first layer of direct cooling plate and a second layer of direct cooling plate. The first layer of direct cooling plate and the second layer of direct cooling plate are bonded together, and the first layer of direct cooling plate is located above the second layer of direct cooling plate.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the composite direct cooling plate includes a first substrate 1, a second substrate 2, and a third substrate 3 sequentially bonded together. The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are bonded together to form a first layer of direct cooling plate, and the second substrate 2 and the third substrate 3 are bonded together to form a second layer of direct cooling plate. Both the second substrate 2 and the third substrate 3 are provided with flow channel structures for refrigerant to flow through, such as... Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the second substrate 2 includes a first inlet 201 and a first outlet 202 that both penetrate the third substrate 3, and the third substrate 3 includes a second inlet 301 and a second outlet 302.

[0056] like Figure 6As shown in this embodiment, the flow channel structure includes symmetrically arranged branch flow channels. The refrigerant flows through the first inlet 201 and the second inlet 301, respectively, and flows through the branch flow channels first along the center line of the battery pack width direction, and then flows towards the battery pack length direction.

[0057] In this embodiment, a plurality of partitions 7 are arranged at intervals below the third substrate 3 along the length of the battery module. The partitions 7 are located between adjacent battery modules and are attached to the side of the corresponding battery module. The third substrate 3, the partitions 7 located on both sides of a battery module, and the upper surface of the battery module form an enclosed space that extends through both ends.

[0058] In this embodiment, the upper surface of the battery cell is provided with a busbar for connecting two adjacent battery cell electrodes, the third substrate 3 is located above the busbar, and multiple separators 7 are connected to the battery module and can also provide support for the composite direct cooling plate.

[0059] like Figure 3 As shown, the fire-fighting pipe 8 includes a main pipe 801 and multiple branch pipes 802 that are all connected to the main pipe 801. The branch pipes 802 are all located in the corresponding enclosed space. One end of the fire-fighting pipe 8 is connected to the first solenoid valve 4, and the other end is located between the second layer of direct cooling plate and the battery cell.

[0060] In this embodiment, the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, and the third solenoid valve 6 are all two-position three-way solenoid valves.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first solenoid valve 4 is connected to the inlet pipe 9, the first inlet 201, and the main pipe 801, respectively. The second solenoid valve 5 is connected to the first outlet 202, the second inlet 301, and the third solenoid valve 6, respectively. The third solenoid valve 6 is connected to the second outlet 302 and the outlet pipe 10, respectively.

[0062] The first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, and the third solenoid valve 6 are all located between the front face of the battery module and the front face of the battery pack housing.

[0063] It also includes a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell. The first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. The control module is also used to control the switching of the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, and the third solenoid valve 6, and to control the refrigerant to flow through the corresponding direct cooling plate according to the different heat dissipation requirements of the upper part of the battery cell. The refrigerant flows through the composite direct cooling plate through the auxiliary circuit to dissipate heat and cool the battery module.

[0064] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and starts the auxiliary circuit.

[0065] Specifically, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than a preset first temperature threshold and lower than a preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the first inlet 201, the second solenoid valve 5 to open the passage connecting the first outlet 202 and the third solenoid valve 6, and the third solenoid valve 6 to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve 5 and the liquid outlet pipe 10, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. In this embodiment, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, and the third solenoid valve 6 to allow the refrigerant to flow through the first layer of direct cooling plate.

[0066] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate in sequence, and starts the auxiliary circuit.

[0067] Specifically, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the first inlet 201, the second solenoid valve 5 to open the passage connecting the first outlet 202 and the second inlet 301, and the third solenoid valve 6 to open the passage connecting the second outlet 302 and the liquid outlet pipe 10, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. In this embodiment, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4, the second solenoid valve 5, and the third solenoid valve 6 to allow the refrigerant to flow sequentially through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate.

[0068] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the fire pipe 8.

[0069] This embodiment can accurately take corresponding heat dissipation and cooling measures according to the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell. For example, when the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell is between the first temperature threshold and the second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate, so that the refrigerant can both dissipate heat from the upper part of the battery cell and keep a certain distance from the upper part of the battery cell. This can avoid the refrigerant itself being too cold, causing too much heat to be carried away from the upper part of the battery cell, and can also remove the heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell, so that the internal temperature of the battery cell is evenly distributed. When the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell is higher than the second temperature threshold, there is too much heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell. The control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate in sequence, so that the refrigerant is closer to the upper part of the battery cell, which can quickly remove the heat accumulated on the upper part of the battery cell, prevent the local heat of the battery cell from becoming too high, and prevent thermal runaway from occurring.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment is basically the same as embodiment 1, except that the auxiliary circuit also includes a fourth solenoid valve. The fourth solenoid valve is located between the front end face of the battery module and the front end face of the battery pack housing. The first solenoid valve 4 is connected to the liquid inlet pipe 9, the first inlet 201, and the main pipe 801 respectively. The second solenoid valve 5 is connected to the first outlet 202, the second inlet 301, and the third solenoid valve 6 respectively. The third solenoid valve 6 is connected to the second outlet 302 and the fourth solenoid valve respectively. The fourth solenoid valve is connected to the main pipe 801 and the liquid outlet pipe 10 respectively.

[0072] In this embodiment, the control module is also used to control the switching of the fourth solenoid valve.

[0073] When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the fourth solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the third solenoid valve and the fire pipe 8.

[0074] In this embodiment, the fourth solenoid valve opens the passage connecting the third solenoid valve and the fire pipe 8, that is, it connects the second outlet 302 to the fire pipe 8, allowing the refrigerant in the composite direct cooling plate to be sprayed directly onto the battery module through the fire pipe 8, which can quickly increase the amount of refrigerant sprayed onto the battery module. At this time, the composite direct cooling plate also acts as a fire tank inside the battery pack.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection method, including the energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system mentioned above, also includes the following steps:

[0076] S1: The first detection module, used to detect the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell, transmits the detected temperature information to the control module;

[0077] S2: When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the first inlet 201, the second solenoid valve 5 to open the passage connecting the first outlet 202 and the third solenoid valve 6, and the third solenoid valve 6 to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve 5 and the liquid outlet pipe 10, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit and allowing the refrigerant to flow through the first layer of direct cooling plate.

[0078] Or when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the first inlet 201, the second solenoid valve 5 to open the passage connecting the first outlet 202 and the second inlet 301, and the third solenoid valve 6 to open the passage connecting the second outlet 302 and the liquid outlet pipe 10, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit and allowing the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate in sequence.

[0079] Alternatively, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve 4 to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe 9 and the fire-fighting pipe 8.

[0080] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety protection system for charging and discharging energy storage batteries, characterized in that: It includes an auxiliary circuit for cooling the battery modules inside the battery pack, a refrigerant flowing through the auxiliary circuit, and a control module for controlling the start of the auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit includes a composite direct cooling plate located above the battery modules inside the battery pack for cooling the battery modules. The composite direct cooling plate includes at least two layers of direct cooling plates that are bonded together. The control module is also used to control the refrigerant to flow through the corresponding direct cooling plate according to the different heat dissipation requirements of the upper part of the battery cell. The refrigerant flows through the composite direct cooling plate through the auxiliary circuit to dissipate heat and cool down the battery module. It also includes a first detection module for detecting the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell. The first detection module is used to transmit the detected temperature information to the control module. The composite direct cooling plate includes a first direct cooling plate and a second direct cooling plate. The first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate are bonded together, and the first direct cooling plate is located above the second direct cooling plate. The composite direct cooling plate includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a third substrate that are sequentially bonded together. The first substrate and the second substrate are bonded together to form a first layer of direct cooling plate, and the second substrate and the third substrate are bonded together to form a second layer of direct cooling plate. Both the second substrate and the third substrate are provided with flow channel structures for refrigerant to flow through. The second substrate includes a first inlet and a first outlet that both penetrate the third substrate, and the third substrate includes a second inlet and a second outlet. The auxiliary circuit also includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, as well as a first solenoid valve, a second solenoid valve, and a third solenoid valve. The first solenoid valve is connected to the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve is connected to the first outlet, the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve is connected to the second outlet and the outlet pipe. The control module is also used to control the switching of the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve. When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate, and controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve and the liquid outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the refrigerant to flow through the first direct cooling plate and the second direct cooling plate in sequence. The control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the liquid inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second outlet and the liquid outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit also includes a fire-fighting pipe, one end of which is connected to the first solenoid valve, and the other end is located between the second layer of direct cooling plate and the battery cell; When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the connection between the liquid inlet pipe and the fire-fighting pipe.

2. The energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third substrate is provided with a plurality of partitions arranged along the length of the battery module below it. The partitions are located between adjacent battery modules and are attached to the corresponding battery modules. The third substrate, the partitions located on both sides of a battery module, and the upper surface of the battery module form an enclosed space that extends through both ends. The fire-fighting pipe includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes connected to the main pipe, and the branch pipes are all located in corresponding enclosed spaces.

3. The energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system according to any one of claims 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary circuit also includes a fourth solenoid valve, which is connected to the fire pipe, the liquid outlet pipe and the third solenoid valve respectively. The control module is also used to control the switching of the fourth solenoid valve; When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the fourth solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the third solenoid valve and the fire pipe.

4. The energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first, second, third, and fourth solenoid valves are all located between the front face of the battery module and the front face of the battery pack housing.

5. A method for safe charging and discharging of an energy storage battery, characterized in that: The energy storage battery charging and discharging safety protection system according to any one of claims 1-4 further includes the following steps: S1: The first detection module, used to detect the temperature of the upper surface of the battery cell, transmits the detected temperature information to the control module; S2: When the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset first temperature threshold and lower than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the third solenoid valve, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second solenoid valve and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. Or, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the preset second temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the inlet pipe and the first inlet, the second solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the first outlet and the second inlet, and the third solenoid valve to open the passage connecting the second outlet and the outlet pipe, thereby starting the auxiliary circuit. Alternatively, when the control module receives temperature information from the first detection module that is higher than the third temperature threshold, the control module controls the first solenoid valve to open the connection between the liquid inlet pipe and the fire-fighting pipe.

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