An electric field energy harvesting device for ac transmission lines and a control method

Abstract

The application discloses an electric field energy collection device for AC transmission lines and a control method thereof. The electric field energy collection device comprises, in sequence, a power-taking polar plate, a rectifier module, an energy storage module and a voltage stabilizing module. The power-taking polar plate comprises a plurality of metal grating plates which are detachably connected. Each metal grating plate is arranged in the same plane and is parallel and equidistant. Each metal grating plate is electrically connected to the rectifier module in parallel. The power-taking polar plate collects the electric energy of a high-voltage transmission line to obtain AC power. The rectifier module converts the AC power into DC power and transmits the DC power to the energy storage module. The energy storage module outputs stable DC power to the voltage stabilizing module. The voltage stabilizing module controls the conduction or disconnection of the circuit between the energy storage module and a load circuit. The application can adapt to the power supply requirements of online monitoring devices of transmission lines with different voltage grades, and has good versatility and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electric field energy harvesting technology, specifically relating to an electric field energy harvesting device and control method for AC transmission lines. Background Technology

[0002] my country's power grid has a wide coverage area, long transmission lines that traverse complex terrain and climate zones. Traditional manual monitoring methods are limited by manpower, resources, and time, making comprehensive and efficient monitoring difficult and hindering the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Electric field energy harvesting technology has emerged to address this need, converting the electric field energy around transmission lines into electrical energy for use by online monitoring devices, enabling on-site power generation and maintenance-free operation.

[0003] Existing electric field energy harvesting schemes are classified into direct energy harvesting, low-potential energy harvesting, and high-potential energy harvesting methods based on the load-side connection. Direct energy harvesting, because the load is directly connected to the high-voltage side, subjects the energy harvesting device to high voltage, making it highly vulnerable to lightning strikes. Furthermore, the high insulation performance requirements of the voltage divider limit its application in harsh environments. While low-potential energy harvesting circuits withstand low voltages, the limited electrode size results in high induced capacitance impedance, affecting energy harvesting efficiency. High-potential energy harvesting requires even higher insulation performance, increasing design and maintenance complexity.

[0004] There is an urgent need in social production for an electric field energy harvesting device to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, improve energy harvesting efficiency, safety and adaptability, so as to meet the power supply requirements of AC transmission line online monitoring devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an electric field energy harvesting device and control method for AC transmission lines. It harvests electric field energy from the transmission line through energy harvesting plates, and effectively collects electric field energy from the space surrounding the transmission line through a rectifier module, an energy storage module, and a voltage stabilizing module, and supplies power to the online monitoring equipment of the transmission line.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides an electric field energy harvesting device for AC transmission lines, comprising an energy harvesting plate, a rectifier module, an energy storage module, and a voltage regulator module electrically connected in sequence; the energy harvesting plate comprises a plurality of detachably connected metal grids; each metal grid is on the same plane, and the metal grids are parallel to each other and equally spaced; the metal grids are connected in parallel and electrically connected to the rectifier module.

[0008] The energy-collecting plate collects electrical energy from the high-voltage transmission line to obtain alternating current. The rectifier module converts the alternating current into direct current and transmits it to the energy storage module. The energy storage module outputs stable direct current to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module is electrically connected to the load circuit.

[0009] When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned on. When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned off.

[0010] Furthermore, the rectifier module is a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit.

[0011] Furthermore, the high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B and phase C; the energy harvesting plate is horizontally arranged below phase A or phase C.

[0012] Furthermore, the high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B, and phase C; the energy harvesting plate is vertically arranged between phase A and phase B; or the energy harvesting plate is vertically arranged between phase C and phase B.

[0013] Furthermore, connecting blocks are provided at both ends of the metal grid plate; each metal grid plate is connected in sequence through the connecting blocks to form an integral whole as an energy harvesting plate, and the connecting blocks on both sides of the energy harvesting plate are connected to each other to form a connecting chain; the metal grid plate and the connecting blocks are rotatably connected through a rotating shaft; a torsion spring is provided on the rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring acts on the metal grid plate, and the other end of the torsion spring acts on the connecting block; the torsion spring drives the metal grid plate to be in a horizontal or vertical state.

[0014] Furthermore, the connecting block is provided with a mounting hole, and the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the mounting hole through a bearing; two first limiting blocks are provided in the mounting hole, and a second limiting block is provided at the end of the connecting shaft; the two first limiting blocks and the second limiting block cooperate to limit the rotation range of the metal grid plate.

[0015] Furthermore, each end of the connecting block is provided with a protrusion and a groove, and the protrusion of one connecting block in two adjacent connecting blocks engages with the groove of the other connecting block in two adjacent connecting blocks. The two adjacent connecting blocks are connected by bolts.

[0016] Furthermore, each metal grid plate in the energy harvesting plate is disposed between two fixed seats; the fixed seats are provided with T-shaped sliding grooves, and the T-shaped sliding grooves are provided with one-way teeth; a stop block is provided at one end of the T-shaped sliding grooves;

[0017] Each fixed seat has a tensioning mechanism and a limiting claw mechanism slidably installed in the T-shaped slide groove. The two sides of the energy harvesting plate are respectively set between the tensioning mechanism and the limiting claw mechanism installed in each fixed seat, and the connecting blocks on the same side of the energy harvesting plate are slidably installed in the same T-shaped slide groove.

[0018] The tensioning mechanism abuts against the stop block, and the limiting claw mechanism cooperates with the one-way teeth to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding away from the tensioning mechanism.

[0019] Furthermore, the tensioning mechanism includes a first mounting base and a push block; a limiting cavity is provided in the first mounting base, one end of the push block is slidably disposed in the limiting cavity, and the other end of the push block is disposed outside the limiting cavity and abuts against the stop block; a first compression spring is provided in the limiting cavity, one end of the first compression spring is connected to the push block, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the limiting cavity, and the first compression spring is used to drive the push block to move towards or away from the stop block.

[0020] Furthermore, there are multiple unidirectional teeth arranged in an array along the length of the T-shaped groove. The limiting claw mechanism includes a second mounting base and a claw. The second mounting base is mounted on a connecting block at the end of the energy harvesting plate away from the tensioning mechanism. The second mounting base has a mounting cavity. One end of the claw is slidably disposed in the mounting cavity, and the other end of the claw extends outside the mounting cavity and meshes with any one of the multiple unidirectional teeth. A second compression spring is provided in the mounting cavity. One end of the second compression spring is connected to the claw, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting cavity. The second compression spring, the claw, and the unidirectional teeth cooperate with each other to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding to the end away from the tensioning mechanism.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides an installation method for an electric field energy harvesting device, wherein the installation method is used to install the electric field energy harvesting device described in the first aspect, characterized in that the high-voltage transmission line is divided into an A-phase transmission line, a B-phase transmission line, and a C-phase transmission line, and the installation method includes:

[0022] Calculate the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate according to the power required by the load circuit; adjust the number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate according to the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate;

[0023] The energy harvesting plate is horizontally positioned below the A-phase transmission line or the C-phase transmission line, or the energy harvesting plate is vertically positioned between the A-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line; or the energy harvesting plate is vertically positioned between the C-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line.

[0024] The energy harvesting plate, rectifier module, energy storage module, and voltage regulator module are electrically connected in sequence, and the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be connected or disconnected.

[0025] Furthermore, the coupling capacitance of the energy extraction plate is calculated based on the required power of the load circuit, specifically including:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, Z is the total impedance of the electric field energy harvesting device and the load circuit; ω is the power supply angular frequency in the transmission line; C1 is the coupling capacitance between the energy harvesting plate and the transmission line; C2 is the stray capacitance of the energy harvesting plate to ground; Z1 is the impedance of the load circuit; j is an imaginary number; and V1 is the voltage of the transmission line to ground. Output current for the electric field energy harvesting device; This represents the power required by the load circuit.

[0030] Furthermore, the number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate is adjusted according to the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate. The specific process includes:

[0031] The number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate is determined based on the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate, and is denoted as k.

[0032] k metal grid plates are set between two fixed seats; the fixed seats are provided with T-shaped sliding grooves, and unidirectional teeth are linearly arranged in the T-shaped sliding grooves; a stop block is provided at one end of the T-shaped sliding grooves;

[0033] The two ends of the energy harvesting plate are respectively connected to a tensioning mechanism and a limiting claw mechanism; the energy harvesting plate is unidirectionally slidably connected to the T-shaped slide groove of the fixed base. After the tensioning mechanism abuts against the stop block and forms a rebound force, the limiting claw mechanism cooperates with the unidirectional teeth to restrict the reverse sliding of the connecting block.

[0034] A third aspect of the present invention provides a control method for an electric field energy harvesting device, wherein the control method employs the electric field energy harvesting device described in the first aspect, characterized in that the control method comprises:

[0035] Alternating current is collected from high-voltage transmission lines through energy harvesting plates, and then converted into direct current by a rectifier module and transmitted to the energy storage module. The energy storage module then outputs stable direct current to the voltage regulator module.

[0036] When the output voltage of the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned on. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned off.

[0037] Furthermore, the voltage regulator module is equipped with a voltage converter; the voltage regulator module receives input commands and uses the voltage converter to adjust the output voltage of the voltage regulator module according to the input commands.

[0038] Furthermore, each metal grid plate is connected in series with a relay, and the control port of the relay is electrically connected to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module receives input commands and controls the relays to operate according to the input commands, thereby turning on or off the circuit between each metal grid plate and the rectifier module. The output voltage of the energy harvesting plate is adjusted by changing the number of metal grid plates connected in parallel.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] The energy harvesting plate of this invention includes multiple detachably connected metal grids; each metal grid is on the same plane, and the metal grids are parallel to each other and equally spaced; the metal grids are connected in parallel and electrically connected to a rectifier module; the energy harvesting plate collects electrical energy from high-voltage transmission lines to obtain alternating current. This invention can adjust the number of metal grids in the energy harvesting plate according to the power required by the load circuit, and can adapt to the power supply requirements of online monitoring devices for transmission lines of different voltage levels, and has good versatility and flexibility.

[0041] The rectifier module of this invention converts AC power into DC power and transmits it to the energy storage module. The energy storage module outputs stable DC power to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module is electrically connected to the load circuit. When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to conduct, ensuring that the load circuit receives stable power. When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to disconnect, preventing the energy storage module from over-discharging and improving the reliability and adaptability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the electric field energy harvesting device provided in Embodiment 1;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field energy harvesting device provided in Embodiment 1;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the energy harvesting plate provided in Embodiment 1;

[0045] Figure 4 This is an assembly drawing of the metal grid plate and connecting block provided in Embodiment 1;

[0046] Figure 5 This is an assembly diagram of two adjacent connecting blocks provided in Embodiment 1;

[0047] Figure 6 This is an assembly drawing of the metal grid plate and the fixing base provided in Embodiment 1;

[0048] Figure 7This is a cross-sectional view of the tensioning mechanism provided in Embodiment 1.

[0049] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of the limiting claw mechanism provided in Embodiment 1;

[0050] Figure 9 This is a fitting effect diagram of the electric field in the high-voltage transmission line provided in Embodiment 2;

[0051] Figure 10 This is a distribution diagram of the electric field intensity in the high-voltage transmission line provided in Embodiment 2;

[0052] Figure 11 This is a capacitance error distribution diagram caused by edge effects provided in Embodiment 2;

[0053] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the relationship between the number of parallel metal grid plates and the output voltage provided in Embodiment 3.

[0054] In the figure, 1 is the energy harvesting plate, 11 is the metal grid plate, 12 is the connecting block, 121 is the mounting hole, 122 is the first limiting block, 123 is the protrusion, 124 is the groove, 13 is the rotating shaft, 131 is the second limiting block, 132 is the torsion spring, 14 is the bolt, 2 is the fixing seat, 21 is the T-shaped slide, 22 is the stop block, 23 is the one-way tooth, 3 is the tensioning mechanism, 31 is the first mounting seat, 32 is the push block, 33 is the first compression spring, 4 is the limiting claw mechanism, 41 is the second mounting seat, 42 is the claw, and 43 is the second compression spring. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an electric field energy harvesting device for AC transmission lines, including an energy harvesting plate, a rectifier module, an energy storage module and a voltage regulator module that are electrically connected in sequence.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, the energy harvesting plate 1 includes multiple detachably connected metal grid plates 11; each metal grid plate is parallel to each other and equally spaced; each metal grid plate is connected in parallel and electrically connected to the rectifier module; each metal grid plate 11 has a connecting block 12 at both ends; as shown Figure 5As shown, two adjacent metal grid plates 11 are connected to each other by connecting blocks 12; each end of the connecting block 12 is provided with a protrusion 123 and a groove 124, and the protrusion 123 of one connecting block 12 of the two adjacent connecting blocks engages with the groove 124 of the other connecting block 12 of the two adjacent connecting blocks, and the two adjacent connecting blocks 12 are connected by bolts 14; in this embodiment, the two connecting blocks 12 are connected by mortise and tenon joint and then fixed by bolts 14, which not only makes installation convenient but also effectively prevents the connecting blocks from loosening during long-term operation and ensures the reliability of the connection.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the metal grid plate 11 and the connecting block 12 are rotatably connected by a rotating shaft 13; a torsion spring 132 is provided on the rotating shaft 13, one end of the torsion spring 132 acts on the metal grid plate 11, and the other end of the torsion spring 132 acts on the connecting block 12; the torsion spring 132 drives the metal grid plate 11 to be in a horizontal or vertical state, and can push the metal grid plate 11 to rotate under the action of strong wind, allowing the metal grid plate 11 to follow the wind direction under the action of strong wind, thereby effectively reducing the direct impact force of wind on the energy harvesting plate 1, which can significantly reduce the mechanical stress caused by strong wind, avoid damage or deformation of the energy harvesting plate 1 due to excessive force, and thus improve the reliability and service life of the device under severe weather conditions.

[0060] The connecting block 12 is provided with a mounting hole 121, and the rotating shaft 13 is rotatably mounted in the mounting hole 121 via a bearing. Two first limiting blocks 122 are provided in the mounting hole 121, and a second limiting block 131 is provided at the end of the connecting shaft 13. The two first limiting blocks 122 and the second limiting block 131 cooperate to limit the rotation range of the metal grid plate 11. Under strong winds or other external forces, the rotation range of the metal grid plate 11 is limited, preventing damage to the energy harvesting plate and related components due to excessive swaying, and improving the reliability of the device.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, each metal grid plate 11 is sequentially connected by connecting blocks 12 to form an integral energy harvesting plate 1. The connecting blocks 12 on both sides of the energy harvesting plate 1 form a connecting chain. Tensioning mechanism 3 and limiting claw mechanism 4 are respectively provided at both ends of the connecting chain. Each metal grid plate 11 in the energy harvesting plate 1 is disposed between two fixed seats 2. The fixed seat 2 is provided with a T-shaped slide groove 21. The two sides of the energy harvesting plate 1 are respectively disposed between the tensioning mechanism 3 and the limiting claw mechanism 4 provided in each fixed seat 2, and each connecting block 12 on the same side of the energy harvesting plate 1 is slidably disposed in the same T-shaped slide groove 21. The T-shaped slide groove 21 is provided with a one-way tooth 23. A stop block 22 is provided at one end of the T-shaped slide groove. The tensioning mechanism 3 abuts against the stop block 22, and the limiting claw mechanism 4 cooperates with the one-way tooth 23 to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding away from the tensioning mechanism.

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, the tensioning mechanism 3 includes a first mounting base 31 and a push block 32; the first mounting base 31 is mounted on the connecting block 12; a limiting cavity is provided in the first mounting base 31, one end of the push block 32 is slidably disposed in the limiting cavity, and the other end of the push block 32 is disposed outside the limiting cavity and abuts against the stop block 22; a first compression spring 33 is provided in the limiting cavity, one end of the first compression spring 33 is connected to the push block 32, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the limiting cavity, and the first compression spring 33 is used to drive the push block 32 to move towards or away from the stop block.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, there are multiple one-way teeth 23, which are arranged in an array along the length of the T-shaped groove. The limiting claw mechanism includes a second mounting base 41 and a claw 42. The second mounting base 41 is mounted on the connecting block 12 at the end of the energy harvesting plate away from the tensioning mechanism. The second mounting base 41 has a mounting cavity. One end of the claw 42 is slidably disposed in the mounting cavity, and the other end of the claw 42 extends outside the mounting cavity and meshes with any one-way tooth among the multiple one-way teeth 23. A second compression spring 43 is provided in the mounting cavity. One end of the second compression spring 43 is connected to the claw 42, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting cavity. The second compression spring 43, the claw 42, and the one-way teeth 23 cooperate to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding to the end away from the tensioning mechanism.

[0064] In this embodiment, the tensioning mechanism 3 generates a rebound force after abutting against the stop block 22, which can effectively maintain the tension of the energy harvesting plate and prevent the installation of the energy harvesting plate from becoming loose. The cooperation between the limiting claw mechanism 4 and the one-way tooth 23 restricts the reverse sliding of the connecting block. Through the synergistic action of the tensioning mechanism 3 and the limiting claw mechanism 4, the energy harvesting plate 1 can be quickly installed, and different numbers of metal grid plates can be installed and fixed at the same time.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B, and phase C. A coupling capacitance, denoted as C1, is generated between the transmission line and the energy harvesting plate; a stray capacitance, denoted as C2, is generated between the energy harvesting plate and the ground. The induced voltage on the energy harvesting plate is closely related to its horizontal placement; the larger the capacitance C1, the larger the voltage the energy harvesting plate can sense, and the more energy it can collect. In this embodiment, the energy harvesting plate 1 is horizontally positioned below either phase A or phase C of the transmission line.

[0066] In addition, the energy harvesting plate 1 is vertically arranged between the A-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line; or the energy harvesting plate 1 is vertically arranged between the C-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line.

[0067] The energy harvesting plate 1 obtains AC power from a high-voltage transmission line. The load circuit mainly consists of various sensors, a CPU core module, and a radio frequency module, powered by DC power, with an operating voltage range of 3.0~5.5V. However, the radio frequency module typically has a transmission power range of 50~200mW. The AC power generated by the energy harvesting plate, after rectification, cannot directly power the downstream load. Therefore, the energy harvesting plate needs to pass through a rectifier module to convert the AC power into DC power before transmitting it to the energy storage module. The rectifier module is a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit, which has a simple structure and high energy conversion efficiency.

[0068] The energy storage module uses supercapacitors, which are more environmentally friendly, have an energy conversion rate of up to 90%, high temperature adaptability allowing application in various harsh environments, and a long service life reducing maintenance and replacement labor costs. Utilizing the charging and discharging principle of capacitors reduces the AC ripple coefficient in the circuit, thereby providing a smooth and stable DC power supply at the output, ensuring the circuit functions properly.

[0069] The energy storage module outputs a stable DC power to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module uses an LTC3588 power management chip to maintain a stable output voltage. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned on. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned off.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] This embodiment discloses an installation method for an electric field energy harvesting device. The installation method is applied to the electric field energy harvesting device described in Embodiment 1. The high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B, and phase C transmission lines. The installation method includes:

[0072] Considering the influence of the edge effect of the energy harvesting plate in practical applications, for a parallel metal grid plate with side length L and relative distance d, the influence of the edge effect can be described as follows:

[0073] ;

[0074] In the formula, ΔC is the additional capacitance generated by the edge effect; C is the relative capacitance between the energy-harvesting plates; and ε is the relative permittivity.

[0075] Depend on Figure 11 It can be seen that the smaller the ratio L / d between the side length of the metal grid and the spacing between the metal grids, the more pronounced the edge effect becomes in the plate capacitance, even causing the additional capacitance to exceed the relative capacitance of the plate itself. Therefore, the edge effect can be used to increase the capacitance C1, thereby achieving higher energy harvesting efficiency with a smaller plate area.

[0076] Calculate the coupling capacitance of the energy extraction plate based on the power required by the load circuit; specifically including:

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] In the formula, Z is the total impedance of the electric field energy harvesting device and the load circuit; ω is the power supply angular frequency in the transmission line; C1 is the coupling capacitance between the energy harvesting plate and the transmission line; C2 is the stray capacitance of the energy harvesting plate to ground; Z1 is the impedance of the load circuit; j is an imaginary number; and V1 is the voltage of the transmission line to ground. Output current for the electric field energy harvesting device; This represents the power required by the load circuit.

[0081] The number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate is adjusted according to the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate. The specific process includes:

[0082] The number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate is determined based on the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate, and is denoted as k.

[0083] k metal grid plates are set between two fixed seats; the fixed seats are provided with T-shaped sliding grooves, and unidirectional teeth are linearly arranged in the T-shaped sliding grooves; a stop block is provided at one end of the T-shaped sliding grooves;

[0084] The two ends of the energy harvesting plate are respectively connected to a tensioning mechanism and a limiting claw mechanism; the energy harvesting plate is unidirectionally slidably connected to the T-shaped slide groove of the fixed base. After the tensioning mechanism abuts against the stop block and forms a rebound force, the limiting claw mechanism cooperates with the unidirectional teeth to restrict the reverse sliding of the connecting block.

[0085] By calculating the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate based on the power required by the load circuit and adjusting the number of metal grids in the energy harvesting plate accordingly, precise control of the electric field energy harvesting efficiency can be achieved. This design not only improves the flexibility and adaptability of energy harvesting but also ensures efficient and stable power supply under different load requirements. Simultaneously, by optimizing the number of metal grids, material costs and device size can be reduced while maintaining performance. The capacitance between the grid-shaped energy harvesting plate and the transmission line is 80% that of the square plate, resulting in higher energy harvesting efficiency for the same area. Furthermore, considering the relatively high installation height of the energy harvesting plate, an excessively large plate area may affect safety in strong winds; therefore, using grid-shaped plates is safer than square plates. Thus, the grid-shaped energy harvesting plate can effectively reduce the impact of reduced plate area on capacitance C1 while avoiding the influence of wind, better meeting practical application requirements.

[0086] like Figure 9 As shown, an electric field model of a 220kV high-voltage transmission line was simulated to clarify the electric field energy distribution. The conductor spacing was 10m, the conductor height above the ground was 20m, the phase of phase A was 0°, the phase of phase B was 120°, and the phase of phase C was 240°. Figure 9 It can be seen that the coupling effect between the three-phase transmission lines results in the electric field strength under the middle phase B transmission line being less than that under the phase A and phase C transmission lines. Figure 10 As shown, theoretical calculations can be performed to obtain the power frequency electric field intensity within a range of ±40m from the center of the overhead AC transmission line at heights of 2, 4, 6, and 8m above the ground in a plane perpendicular to the transmission line. Figure 10 As can be seen, the electric field strength increases more significantly with increasing height above the ground.

[0087] The high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B, and phase C. In this embodiment, the energy harvesting plate is horizontally positioned below the phase A or phase C transmission line, or vertically positioned between the phase A and phase B transmission lines; or vertically positioned between the phase C and phase B transmission lines.

[0088] The energy harvesting plate, rectifier module, energy storage module, and voltage regulator module are electrically connected in sequence, and the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be connected or disconnected.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] This embodiment discloses a control method for an electric field energy harvesting device. The control method is applied to the electric field energy harvesting device described in Embodiment 1, and the control method includes:

[0091] Alternating current is collected from high-voltage transmission lines through energy harvesting plates, and then converted into direct current by a rectifier module and transmitted to the energy storage module. The energy storage module then outputs stable direct current to the voltage regulator module.

[0092] When the output voltage of the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned on. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned off.

[0093] The voltage regulator module is equipped with a voltage converter; it receives input commands and uses the voltage converter to adjust the output voltage of the voltage regulator module according to the input commands. As shown in Table 1, the output voltage of the electric field energy harvesting device can be selected (1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, and 3.6V) by configuring the D0 and D1 pins of the voltage regulator module, and the continuous output current can reach 100mA.

[0094] Table 1 shows the relationship between the high and low levels of pins D0 and D1 and the output voltage.

[0095]

[0096] Each metal grid plate is connected in series with a relay, and the control port of the relay is electrically connected to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module receives input commands and controls the relays to turn on or off the circuit between each metal grid plate and the rectifier module according to the input commands. The output voltage of the energy harvesting plate is adjusted by changing the number of metal grid plates connected in parallel.

[0097] like Figure 12 As shown, the number of metal grids connected in parallel is positively correlated with the output voltage. When 6 metal grids are connected in parallel, a voltage of 6.08V is obtained, and when 1 metal grid is connected in parallel, a voltage of 1.23V is obtained. In the grid-shaped energy harvesting plate structure, since each metal grid is separate from each other, the energy collected by each metal grid and the energy provided by it after being connected to the circuit can be superimposed.

[0098] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0099] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0100] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0101] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0102] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric field energy harvesting device for AC transmission lines, characterized in that, The device includes an energy harvesting plate, a rectifier module, an energy storage module, and a voltage regulator module that are electrically connected in sequence. The energy harvesting plate includes multiple detachably connected metal grids. Each metal grid is on the same plane, and the metal grids are parallel to each other and equally spaced. The metal grids are connected in parallel and then electrically connected to the rectifier module. The energy-collecting plate collects electrical energy from the high-voltage transmission line to obtain alternating current. The rectifier module converts the alternating current into direct current and transmits it to the energy storage module. The energy storage module outputs stable direct current to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module is electrically connected to the load circuit. When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned on. When the voltage of the DC power output by the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be turned off. The metal grid plate has connecting blocks at both ends; the metal grid plates are connected in sequence through the connecting blocks to form an integral whole as an energy harvesting plate; the metal grid plate and the connecting blocks are rotatably connected by a rotating shaft; a torsion spring is provided on the rotating shaft, one end of the torsion spring acts on the metal grid plate, and the other end of the torsion spring acts on the connecting block; the torsion spring drives the metal grid plate to be in a horizontal or vertical state.

2. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rectifier module is a full-wave bridge rectifier circuit.

3. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B and phase C; the energy harvesting plate is horizontally arranged below phase A or phase C.

4. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage transmission line is divided into phase A, phase B and phase C; the energy harvesting plate is vertically arranged between phase A and phase B; or the energy harvesting plate is vertically arranged between phase C and phase B.

5. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting block is provided with a mounting hole, and the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted in the mounting hole through a bearing; two first limiting blocks are provided in the mounting hole, and a second limiting block is provided at the end of the rotating shaft; the two first limiting blocks and the second limiting block cooperate to limit the rotation range of the metal grid plate.

6. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The connecting block has a protrusion and a groove at both ends. The protrusion of one connecting block in two adjacent connecting blocks engages with the groove of the other connecting block in two adjacent connecting blocks. The two adjacent connecting blocks are connected by bolts.

7. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each metal grid plate in the energy harvesting electrode is disposed between two fixed seats; the fixed seats are provided with T-shaped sliding grooves, and the T-shaped sliding grooves are provided with one-way teeth; a stop block is provided at one end of the T-shaped sliding grooves. Each fixed seat has a tensioning mechanism and a limiting claw mechanism slidably installed in the T-shaped slide groove. The two sides of the energy harvesting plate are respectively set between the tensioning mechanism and the limiting claw mechanism installed in each fixed seat, and the connecting blocks on the same side of the energy harvesting plate are slidably installed in the same T-shaped slide groove. The tensioning mechanism abuts against the stop block, and the limiting claw mechanism cooperates with the one-way teeth to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding away from the tensioning mechanism.

8. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The tensioning mechanism includes a first mounting base and a push block; a limiting cavity is provided in the first mounting base, one end of the push block is slidably disposed in the limiting cavity, and the other end of the push block is disposed outside the limiting cavity and abuts against the stop block; a first compression spring is provided in the limiting cavity, one end of the first compression spring is connected to the push block, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the limiting cavity, and the first compression spring is used to drive the push block to move towards or away from the stop block.

9. The electric field energy harvesting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are multiple unidirectional teeth, which are arranged in an array along the length of the T-shaped groove. The limiting claw mechanism includes a second mounting base and a claw. The second mounting base is mounted on a connecting block at the end of the energy harvesting plate away from the tensioning mechanism. The second mounting base is provided with a mounting cavity. One end of the claw is slidably disposed in the mounting cavity, and the other end of the claw extends to the outside of the mounting cavity and meshes with any one of the multiple unidirectional teeth. A second compression spring is provided inside the mounting cavity. One end of the second compression spring is connected to the pawl, and the other end is connected to the bottom wall of the mounting cavity. The second compression spring, the pawl, and the one-way tooth cooperate with each other to prevent the energy harvesting plate from sliding away from the tensioning mechanism.

10. A method for installing an electric field energy harvesting device, wherein the method is used to install the electric field energy harvesting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, High-voltage transmission lines are classified into A-phase transmission lines, B-phase transmission lines, and C-phase transmission lines. The installation method includes: Calculate the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate according to the power required by the load circuit; adjust the number of metal grid plates in the energy harvesting plate according to the coupling capacitance of the energy harvesting plate; The energy harvesting plate is horizontally positioned below the A-phase transmission line or the C-phase transmission line, or the energy harvesting plate is vertically positioned between the A-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line; or the energy harvesting plate is vertically positioned between the C-phase transmission line and the B-phase transmission line. The energy harvesting plate, rectifier module, energy storage module, and voltage regulator module are electrically connected in sequence, and the voltage regulator module controls the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit to be connected or disconnected.

11. The installation method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The coupling capacitance of the energy extraction plate is calculated based on the required power of the load circuit, specifically including: ； ； ； In the formula, Z is the total impedance of the electric field energy harvesting device and the load circuit; ω is the power supply angular frequency in the transmission line; C1 is the coupling capacitance between the energy harvesting plate and the transmission line; C2 is the stray capacitance of the energy harvesting plate to ground; Z1 is the impedance of the load circuit; j is an imaginary number; and V1 is the voltage of the transmission line to ground. Output current for the electric field energy harvesting device; This represents the power required by the load circuit.

12. A control method for an electric field energy harvesting device, wherein the control method is implemented using the electric field energy harvesting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The control method includes: Alternating current is collected from high-voltage transmission lines through energy harvesting plates, and then converted into direct current by a rectifier module and transmitted to the energy storage module. The energy storage module then outputs stable direct current to the voltage regulator module. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is higher than the discharge threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned on. When the output voltage of the energy storage module is lower than the shutdown threshold, the circuit between the energy storage module and the load circuit is turned off.

13. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module is equipped with a voltage converter; it receives input commands and uses the voltage converter to adjust the output voltage of the voltage regulator module according to the input commands.

14. The control method according to claim 12, characterized in that, Each metal grid plate is connected in series with a relay, and the control port of the relay is electrically connected to the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module receives input commands and controls the relays to turn on or off the circuit between each metal grid plate and the rectifier module according to the input commands. The output voltage of the energy harvesting plate is adjusted by changing the number of metal grid plates connected in parallel.

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