Adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body, intelligent anti-collision structure and ship anti-collision armor

Abstract

This invention discloses an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, an intelligent anti-collision structure, and ship anti-collision armor. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer includes a foam energy-absorbing layer and an adaptive buffer composite, wherein the adaptive buffer composite is uniformly distributed within the foam energy-absorbing layer. The adaptive buffer composite includes a flexible thin shell and a shear-thickening fluid encapsulated within the flexible thin shell. This invention effectively improves the ability of polar vessels to withstand head-on collisions and abrasions with sea ice during continuous icebreaking navigation, reduces damage to the outer steel plates of the hull from collisions, greatly expands the safety design space, extends the service life of the steel plates, and reduces ship maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a ship intelligent anti-collision structure containing an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer with self-recoverable shape and its preparation method. It is applicable to shipbuilding, transportation, aerospace and other fields, and can be especially applied to collision safety protection in major national scientific and technological frontier fields such as polar exploration and planetary exploration in ultra-low temperature environments. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's demand for energy and minerals has been increasing rapidly along with the rapid development of the national economy, especially putting significant pressure on energy supply. The Earth's poles, however, possess abundant oil, gas, mineral, and biological resources, offering enormous economic benefits. Therefore, my country urgently needs to strengthen its polar ocean shipping capabilities and conduct in-depth polar scientific research and resource exploration. In particular, when ships navigate the special waters of polar ice zones, they must not only be subject to the effects of wind, waves, and currents, but also consider the impact of sea ice on the vessels. From 2009 to 2018, nearly 40% of maritime accidents occurring in the waters near the Arctic Circle were directly or indirectly related to collisions with sea ice or icebergs. Therefore, for my country to fully implement its polar strategy, it must build a fully functional and high-performance polar fleet, encompassing six categories of polar vessels: scientific research, tourism, transportation, resource development, rescue and support, and defense. To this end, my country has listed "polar exploration" as a fundamental and core area concerning national security and overall development, and has formulated and implemented corresponding strategic scientific plans and scientific projects, including the independent development of heavy icebreakers and the advancement of major projects such as the second phase of the Xue Long polar exploration project.

[0003] Although my country has made progress in the design and construction of low- and medium-ice-class polar vessels in recent years, possessing the capability to build PC3 (Polar Class 3) polar transport vessels, its research, design, fleet size, and performance of high-ice-class polar icebreakers still cannot meet the needs of my country's scientific research, waterway development, and resource transportation activities in the polar regions. Currently, my country only has two modern polar icebreaking research vessels, the "Xuelong" and "Xuelong 2". After the iceberg collision in early 2019, the "Xuelong" icebreaker gradually revealed problems such as outdated equipment and insufficient icebreaking capabilities, and currently mainly plays the role of supporting polar scientific research. The "Xuelong 2" is the world's first PC3-class polar research icebreaker that meets polar regulations and has bidirectional icebreaking capabilities at both ends. It has the ability to conduct scientific research and rescue support in the harsh ice conditions of the polar regions. However, the important conceptual design aspects such as the ship's hull design and performance forecast were completed by the Finnish company Aker, while the detailed design and hull construction were undertaken by domestic ship design and construction units. There is still a certain gap between China and foreign countries in terms of localization and independent control.

[0004] Currently, for research-oriented polar icebreakers, bow icebreaking generally employs two methods: continuous icebreaking (also known as the jacking method, suitable for ice layers less than 1.5m thick) and impact icebreaking (also known as the ramming method, suitable for ice layers 1.5m thick or thick). The former relies on the forward thrust of the icebreaker, using the propeller's propulsion and its own hard hull to continuously break and crush the ice. The latter increases the propeller's thrust and uses the upward-curved bow to propel the ship onto the ice, relying on the weight of the forward hull to crush thick ice layers. However, for oil tanker-type polar icebreakers, taking the Aframax icebreaker as an example, using bow icebreaking would significantly reduce efficiency in open water navigation. Since polar oil tankers spend approximately nine months of the year in open water, using bow icebreaking would substantially increase operating costs. To this end, several authoritative institutions around the world have conducted research and found that ships using podded propulsion are more efficient at breaking ice with the stern than with the bow. Therefore, this type of ship eventually adopts a two-way propulsion mode: in open water or sea conditions with thin ice, it sails forward efficiently with the bulbous bow; while in sea conditions with severe ice, it uses the icebreaking stern to propel itself backward by breaking ice.

[0005] The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) has developed the "Polar Ship Classification Code." This code, considering various ship-ice interaction scenarios, designates the collision between the hull and a large ice floe as the controlling load for hull structural strength design. Based on the different modes of action, ship-ice collisions are further divided into two categories: head-on ramming and glancing impact. The former is used for the overall longitudinal strength design of the hull; the latter is used for the dimensional design of the bow plating and frame, and serves as a benchmark for the dimensional design loads of other hull components. When polar vessels conduct continuous bidirectional icebreaking navigation, the collisions of ice layers on both sides of the hull place high demands on the strength and structural form of the stern and sides of the hull. However, with the advancement of technology, intelligent polar vessels, represented by my country's most advanced "Xuelong 2" at present, are usually equipped with intelligent hulls and various smart wearables. Nearly 10,000 intelligent sensing points can be densely installed on the hull and equipment. In particular, multiple stress monitoring points can be installed at equal intervals on the inner surface of the hull to measure changes in vibration and stress and obtain data. This allows for a direct understanding of the parts of the hull that have been severely impacted by collisions and the conditions under which icy conditions require deceleration. Over the years, it can be determined which steel plates of the hull have been impacted or severely worn and need to be replaced, thus ensuring safe navigation.

[0006] Against the backdrop of rapid technological advancements, existing polar-class ships still possess significant room for optimization. Beyond the aforementioned intelligent sensing stress monitoring or simply enhancing hull strength, the energy-absorbing and buffering potential of traditional steel hull structures has not been fully explored. Recent research on adaptive energy-absorbing systems has encompassed sports protection (mountain climbing, skiing, and cycling protective gear), electronic product (screen) protection, and even military bulletproof and explosion protection (personnel and equipment) impact protection. Composite materials based on shear-thickening fluid (STF) and adaptive polymer elastomers possess the ability to dissipate impact energy and absorb impact vibrations under various dynamic load conditions, improving the safety and lifespan of the structure under the same strength constraints. If these adaptive intelligent composite materials are introduced as multifunctional layers into vulnerable areas of the hull through structural composite methods, effectively enhancing the hull's ability to withstand frontal impacts and collisions with floating ice within limited material strength constraints, it will greatly expand the scope of safety design. This represents a valuable practical application of cutting-edge impact resistance research in the field of polar-class ships. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The main objective of this invention is to provide an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, an intelligent anti-collision structure, and ship anti-collision armor. This anti-collision structure can be used as a reusable and efficient energy-absorbing buffer device in shipbuilding, transportation, aerospace and other fields. In particular, it can be applied to collision safety protection structures in major national scientific and technological frontier fields such as polar exploration and planetary exploration in ultra-low temperature environments, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of existing technologies.

[0008] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention includes:

[0009] The present invention provides a shape-recoverable adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, comprising a foam energy-absorbing layer and an adaptive buffer composite, wherein the adaptive buffer composite is uniformly distributed inside the foam energy-absorbing layer, and wherein the adaptive buffer composite comprises a flexible thin shell and a shear thickening liquid encapsulated inside the flexible thin shell.

[0010] Another aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent anti-collision structure, including a first rigid substrate, a second rigid substrate, and the aforementioned adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, wherein the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer is fixedly disposed between the first rigid substrate and the second rigid substrate along a second direction.

[0011] In another aspect, the present invention provides a ship collision protection armor, including the aforementioned intelligent collision protection structure.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention include:

[0013] 1) This invention uses an ultra-low temperature resistant adaptive buffer composite material, namely an ionic liquid shear thickening fluid (IL-STF) / soft rubber composite material, to prepare an intelligent anti-collision structure for polar ships. After further compounding with polyurethane foam (PUF), this composite material can effectively improve the ship's ability to withstand frontal impacts and collisions with sea ice during continuous icebreaking navigation without weakening the strength of the original marine steel plate material, reduce the damage to the outer steel plate of the hull caused by collisions, and greatly expand the safety design space.

[0014] 2) The intelligent anti-collision structure provided by this invention can be mainly used in local areas where polar vessels frequently collide and wear during continuous icebreaking navigation. The anti-collision structure has a groove structure on the ship steel body, which can effectively increase the thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer to give full play to its collision buffering and energy absorption advantages. The addition of bosses on the ship steel body aims to limit the ultimate shear deformation of the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate part of the intelligent anti-collision structure under rubbing load, so as to avoid interlaminar shear failure of the intelligent anti-collision structure or out-of-plane / in-plane shear failure of its SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate part. The elastic end cap in the intelligent anti-collision structure can not only absorb external impact energy and prevent the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate from colliding with the rigid inner wall of the boss of the ship steel body under rubbing load, but also prevent the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate from being pulled out along the out-of-plane normal during service.

[0015] 3) The intelligent anti-collision structure provided by this invention can be reused in extremely cold and humid environments, fully ensuring the safety of the icebreaker during long-term voyages, and effectively reducing the number of times the damaged steel plates of different modules of the hull are replaced and reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent anti-collision structure provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an intelligent anti-collision structure provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an intelligent anti-collision structure provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an adaptive buffer complex provided in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an SFRP / solid polyurethane closed-cell foam (PUF) composite board formed in a typical embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the SFRP / solid polyurethane closed-cell foam (PUF) composite board or the second rigid matrix and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer formed in a typical embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after combining the second rigid matrix, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, and the first rigid matrix in a typical embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the inventors of this invention, through long-term research and extensive practice, have proposed the technical solution of this invention. The following will further explain and illustrate this technical solution, its implementation process, and its principles.

[0025] The present invention provides a shape-recoverable adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, comprising: a foam energy-absorbing layer and an adaptive buffer composite, wherein the adaptive buffer composite is uniformly distributed inside the foam energy-absorbing layer, and wherein the adaptive buffer composite comprises a flexible thin shell and a shear thickening liquid encapsulated inside the flexible thin shell.

[0026] Furthermore, the volume percentage of the adaptive buffer composite in the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer is 33.72%-34.89%.

[0027] Furthermore, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body includes a plurality of adaptive buffer composites, which are arranged at intervals along a first direction.

[0028] Furthermore, the volume percentage of the shear thickening fluid in the adaptive buffer complex is 72.79%-72.81%.

[0029] Furthermore, the shear-thickening fluid completely fills the receiving chamber formed by the flexible thin shell.

[0030] Furthermore, the flexible thin shell is made of materials including, but not limited to, low-temperature resistant silicone rubber.

[0031] Furthermore, the shear thickening fluid includes an ionic liquid shear thickening fluid (IL-STF).

[0032] Furthermore, the adaptive buffer composite has a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side, and a sixth side. The first side and the second side are arranged opposite each other along a first direction, the third side and the fourth side are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and the fifth side and the sixth side are arranged opposite each other along a third direction. The first side and the second side are concave elliptical cylindrical surfaces. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0033] Furthermore, the third and fourth sides are both planar and parallel, and even further, the third and fourth sides are mirror-symmetrical, meaning that the shape and size of the third and fourth sides can be the same; the fifth and sixth sides are both planar and parallel, and even further, the fifth and sixth sides are mirror-symmetrical, meaning that the shape and size of the fifth and sixth sides can be the same.

[0034] Furthermore, the width w of the adaptive buffer complex in the first direction s The height h of the adaptive buffer complex in the second direction s The ratio is (8-9):11.

[0035] Furthermore, the first side / second side satisfies: x is the projection of the distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the x-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system, and y is the projection of the distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the y-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0036] Furthermore, in the first direction, the minimum spacing between two adjacent adaptive buffer complexes is d. x ,2mm≤d x ≤3mm.

[0037] Furthermore, the multiple adaptive buffer complexes are distributed at equal intervals.

[0038] Furthermore, in the second direction, the minimum distance between the third or fourth side of the adaptive buffer composite and the surface of the foam energy-absorbing layer is d. y ,2mm≤d y ≤2.5mm.

[0039] Furthermore, in the second direction, the height h of the adaptive buffer complex sThe thickness is less than that of the foam energy-absorbing layer, and the minimum distance between the fifth or sixth side of the adaptive buffer composite and the outer surface of the foam energy-absorbing layer that is adjacent to and parallel to the fifth or sixth side is d. z ,2mm≤d z ≤7mm.

[0040] Furthermore, the foam energy-absorbing layer has a periodically linear array of through holes inside, with each adaptive buffer composite being disposed in one of the through holes.

[0041] Furthermore, each of the adaptive buffer composites approximately completely fills the through-hole, and the adaptive buffer composite has the same cross-sectional profile structure as the through-hole.

[0042] Furthermore, the extension direction of the through hole is parallel to a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction. Even further, the third direction, the first direction, and the second direction are orthogonal to each other.

[0043] Another aspect of the present invention provides an intelligent anti-collision structure, including a first rigid substrate, a second rigid substrate, and the aforementioned adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, wherein the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer is fixedly disposed between the first rigid substrate and the second rigid substrate along a second direction.

[0044] Furthermore, the first surface of the first rigid substrate has a groove-like structure, and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are stacked within the groove-like structure.

[0045] Furthermore, in the second direction, the total thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate is equal to or slightly less than the depth of the groove structure.

[0046] It should be noted that the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are stacked together. The bottom surface shape and area of ​​the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are the same, and the four edges of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are aligned.

[0047] Furthermore, the first surface of the first rigid substrate also has a boss, which is disposed around the groove structure and adjacent to the groove structure.

[0048] Furthermore, the first surface of the first rigid substrate has a first region, a second region, and a third region that are sequentially adjacent to each other. The second region is arranged around the first region, and the third region is arranged around the second region. The groove structure is arranged in the first region, and the boss is arranged in the second region. The ratio of the area of ​​the first region to the area of ​​the second region is 4.44-4.90.

[0049] Furthermore, in the second direction, the thickness ratio of the first rigid substrate corresponding to the first region and the third region is (32-40):(40-50). For example, the thickness of the first rigid substrate corresponding to the first region can be 32mm-40mm, and the thickness of the first rigid substrate corresponding to the third region can be 40mm-50mm.

[0050] Furthermore, in the second direction, the thickness ratio of the first rigid substrate located in the second region and the third region is 1.24-1.25.

[0051] Furthermore, the thickness of the first rigid substrate is significantly greater than the thickness of the second rigid substrate.

[0052] Furthermore, the minimum thickness of the first rigid substrate is also significantly greater than the thickness of the second rigid substrate. It can be understood that the first region of the first rigid substrate has a minimum thickness.

[0053] Furthermore, in the second direction, the thickness ratio of the second rigid substrate, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, and the first rigid substrate located in the first region is (2.5-3.1):(15-18.5):(32-40). For example, the thickness of the second rigid substrate can be 2.5mm-3.1mm, the thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer can be 15mm-18.5mm, and the thickness of the first rigid substrate located in the first region can be 32mm-40mm.

[0054] Furthermore, the second rigid substrate comprises a marine thin steel plate and a composite material laminate stacked together; it should be noted that the bottom shape and area of ​​the marine thin steel plate and the composite material laminate are the same, that is, the four edges of the marine thin steel plate and the composite material laminate are aligned.

[0055] Furthermore, the composite material laminate is stacked between the marine thin steel plate and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer.

[0056] Furthermore, the thickness ratio of the marine thin steel plate to the composite material laminate is 1:1 to 3:2.

[0057] Furthermore, the composite material laminate is made of any one or a combination of two or more of carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and polyetheretherketone resin.

[0058] Furthermore, the first rigid substrate can be marine steel body, and the second rigid substrate can be steel / fiber-reinforced plastic hybrid panel (hereinafter referred to as SFRP hybrid panel). The marine thin steel plate in the second rigid substrate and the first rigid substrate can both be special steel plates, etc.

[0059] Furthermore, the intelligent anti-collision structure also includes: an elastic end cap, the elastic end cap including an insert section and a top cover section fixedly connected, the insert section being disposed between the side of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate and the side wall of the groove structure along a first direction and a third direction, and the top cover section being stacked on the first rigid substrate, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate along a second direction.

[0060] Furthermore, the top cover section covers the entire top surface of the boss and a portion of the second rigid substrate along the second direction.

[0061] Furthermore, the elastic end cap is an annular cap-shaped structure, and the area of ​​the second surface of the second rigid substrate covered by the elastic end cap accounts for 25.8%-27.8% of the total area of ​​the second surface. The outer normal direction of the second surface is the same as that of the first surface.

[0062] Furthermore, the first surface also includes an arc-shaped first transition surface located between the second region and the third region in a second direction, and the resilient end cap also has an arc-shaped second transition surface that smoothly transitions with the first transition surface and is tangent at the junction.

[0063] Furthermore, the first transition surface is a concave arc-shaped surface.

[0064] Furthermore, the materials of the elastomeric end cap and the flexible thin shell of the adaptive buffer composite can be the same.

[0065] Furthermore, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are integrally disposed in the middle region of the groove structure, that is, the width of the gap between the four edges of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate and the sidewall of the groove structure is the same; it can be understood that the thickness of the insertion section of the elastomer end cap is uniform.

[0066] Furthermore, the materials of each component in the intelligent anti-collision structure, as well as the adhesive materials used to fix and connect each component, can all be materials resistant to ultra-low temperatures.

[0067] In another aspect, the present invention provides a ship collision protection armor, wherein the ship collision protection armor has an intelligent collision protection structure.

[0068] Furthermore, the ship's anti-collision armor may include one or more of the aforementioned smart anti-collision structures.

[0069] Furthermore, this ship collision protection armor can be applied to the hulls of ordinary ships or icebreakers, specifically to localized areas of polar ships' hulls that frequently experience collisions and wear during continuous icebreaking voyages.

[0070] The following will further explain the technical solution, its implementation process and principle in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials of each component and most of the processing techniques in the embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art.

[0071] Please see Figures 1-3 A smart anti-collision structure for continuous icebreaking areas of polar ships includes a first rigid base 100, a second rigid base 200, and an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 is disposed between the first rigid base 100 and the second rigid base 200 and is fixedly connected to the first rigid base 100 and the second rigid base 200.

[0072] Specifically, the first rigid substrate 100, the second rigid substrate 200, and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 are arranged in parallel. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 is fixedly arranged between the first rigid substrate 100 and the second rigid substrate 200 along a second direction, which refers to the thickness direction of the protective structure.

[0073] Specifically, the first rigid substrate 100 can be a steel plate, specifically a marine-grade thick steel plate, or more specifically a special steel plate resistant to low temperatures.

[0074] Specifically, the second rigid matrix 200 includes a marine thin steel plate 210 and a composite material laminate 220 stacked along the second direction. The marine thin steel plate 210 and the composite material laminate 220 are laminated to form a steel / fiber reinforced plastic hybrid plate (also known as an SFRP hybrid plate, i.e., the second rigid matrix 200). The composite material laminate 220 is disposed between the marine thin steel plate 210 and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300. Specifically, the marine thin steel plate 210 can be a special steel plate that is resistant to low temperatures, and the material of the composite material laminate 220 can include carbon fiber, basalt fiber, polyetheretherketone resin, etc.

[0075] Specifically, the thickness ratio of the marine thin steel plate 210 and the composite material laminate 220 in the second rigid matrix 200 is 1:1 to 3:2. This thickness ratio is adopted to ensure that the second rigid matrix 200 has sufficient bending stiffness and local impact resistance. The former can fully ensure that the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid matrix 200 as a whole undergo uniform deformation under external impact load. For example, the thickness of the marine thin steel plate 210 is 1.25mm-1.88mm, and the thickness of the composite material laminate 220 is 1.25mm-1.56mm.

[0076] Specifically, the bottom shape and area of ​​the marine thin steel plate 210 and the composite material laminate 220 are the same, that is, the four edges of the marine thin steel plate 210 and the composite material laminate 220 are aligned. The marine thin steel plate 210 and the composite material laminate 220 can be laminated together by a vacuum box-assisted molding process.

[0077] Specifically, the thickness of the first rigid substrate 100 is greater than the thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300, which is greater than the thickness of the second rigid substrate 200.

[0078] Specifically, the first surface of the first rigid substrate 100 has a groove structure 111, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 are stacked in the groove structure 111, and in the second direction, the total thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 is equal to or slightly less than the depth of the groove structure 111, that is, the second surface of the second rigid substrate 200 is higher than the first surface of the first rigid substrate 100, and is flush with or slightly lower than the top surface of the boss 121 on the first surface.

[0079] It should be noted that by stacking the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 together within the trough structure 111, not only is the original structural strength and stability of the outer steel plate of the polar vessel hull not reduced, but the sidewall limiting in the trough structure 111 can also control the shear deformation of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 as a whole (i.e., SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate) when subjected to abrasion loads, thus preventing shear failure of the intelligent anti-collision structure and effectively improving the overall impact energy absorption and buffering effect of the structure.

[0080] Specifically, the first surface of the first rigid substrate 100 also has a boss 121, which surrounds and is adjacent to the groove structure 111. It can be understood that the side of the boss 121 is the sidewall of the groove structure 111. The boss 121 can be understood as a thickened area or thickened structure of the first rigid substrate 100. The part of it that is higher than the first surface can increase the thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 to enhance the collision buffer and energy absorption effect, and can also prevent the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate from undergoing extreme shear deformation and causing it to fail. In addition, the design of the boss 121 can also ensure that the first rigid substrate 100 has sufficient thickness at the base of its groove section to fully meet the strength requirements of the outer steel plate of polar ships.

[0081] Specifically, the first surface of the first rigid substrate 100 has a first region, a second region and a third region that are sequentially adjacent to each other. The second region is arranged around the first region and the third region is arranged around the second region. The groove structure 111 is arranged in the first region and the boss 121 is arranged in the second region. The ratio of the area of ​​the first region to the area of ​​the second region is 4.44-4.90.

[0082] Specifically, the first rigid substrate 100 includes a first part 110, a second part 120, and a third part 130 that are sequentially adjacent to each other. The second part 120 is arranged around the first part 110, and the third part 130 is arranged around the second part 120. The first part 110, the second part 120, and the third part 130 correspond to the first region, the second region, and the third region, respectively. In the second direction, the thickness of the second part 120 is greater than the thickness of the third part 130, which is greater than the thickness of the first part 110. That is, the second part 120 and the first part 110 together form a boss 121 / groove structure 111. Specifically, in the second direction, the ratio of the thicknesses of the first part 110, the second part 120, and the third part 130 is (32-40):(49.5-61.9):(40-50).

[0083] Specifically, the first part 110 of the first rigid substrate 100 has its own minimum thickness, and the thickness of the first part 110 is greater than the thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and greater than the thickness of the second rigid substrate 200. Specifically, the ratio of the thickness of the second rigid substrate 200, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300, and the first rigid substrate 100 in the first region is (2.5-3.1):(15-18.5):(40-50). It is worth noting that although the thickness of the second rigid substrate 200 is much smaller than the minimum thickness of the first rigid substrate 100, the second rigid substrate 200 has sufficient rigidity to ensure that the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 undergoes overall deformation under external fluid-solid load impact to fully exert the energy absorption and buffering effect of the intelligent anti-collision structure. At the same time, the thickness design of the first rigid substrate 100 in the first region (i.e., the minimum thickness of the first rigid substrate 100) can also fully meet the strength requirements of the outer steel plate of polar ships.

[0084] It should be noted that the first part 110, the second part 120 and the third part 130 of the first rigid substrate 100 are integral. The above is only for the purpose of more clearly explaining the structural design principle of the first rigid substrate 100.

[0085] Specifically, the intelligent anti-collision structure also includes an elastomer end cap 400, which includes a fixedly connected insertion section 410 and a top cover section 420. The insertion section 410 is disposed between the side of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid base 200 and the side wall of the groove structure 111 along a first direction and a third direction. The top cover section 420 is stacked on the laminate of the first rigid base 100, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid base 200 along a second direction. The entire boss 121 and a part of the second rigid base 200 are covered by the top cover section 420.

[0086] It should be noted that the elastomer end cap 400 can effectively absorb shear impact energy when the intelligent anti-collision structure is subjected to friction, preventing the second rigid substrate 200 in the intelligent anti-collision structure from having a hard collision with the sidewall of the groove structure 111 located in the first region of the first surface of the first rigid substrate 100 when shear deformation occurs. At the same time, it can prevent the intelligent anti-collision structure from undergoing interlaminar shear failure or out-of-plane / in-plane shear failure of its SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate (mainly due to the function of the insertion section 410 of the elastomer end cap 400). On the other hand, it also has a high probability of absorbing external impact energy before the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate in the intelligent anti-collision structure, and can effectively prevent the composite plate from being pulled out of the groove structure 111 along the out-of-plane normal direction during service and separating from the first rigid substrate 100.

[0087] More specifically, the elastomer end cap 400 is an annular cap-shaped structure. For example, the elastomer end cap 400 is a square annular cap-shaped structure. The area of ​​the second surface of the second rigid substrate 200 covered by the elastomer end cap 400 is 25.8%-27.8% of the total area of ​​the second surface. The outer normal direction of the second surface is the same as that of the first surface. It should be noted that the external load that the intelligent anti-collision structure is subjected to during a collision is mainly concentrated in the central area of ​​the plane of the intelligent anti-collision structure. Therefore, the area with the strongest adaptive energy absorption and buffering capacity in the intelligent anti-collision structure (i.e., the main body of the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate) is directly exposed. The main function of PUF in the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate is to absorb impact energy and restore the shape of the adaptive energy absorption buffer 300. The main function of IL-STF is to provide adaptive buffering and dissipate impact energy. The main function of SFRP hybrid plate is to ensure that the adaptive energy absorption buffer 300 undergoes uniform overall deformation under external load.

[0088] Specifically, the first surface also includes an arc-shaped first transition surface located between the second and third regions. The elastomer end cap 400 also has an arc-shaped second transition surface that smoothly transitions with the first transition surface and is tangent at the junction. The first transition surface is a concave arc-shaped surface, and the second transition surface is a convex arc-shaped surface. The first and second arc-shaped surfaces are smooth arc-shaped surfaces as a whole. This can alleviate stress concentration during collisions and reduce ocean current resistance encountered by polar vessels during continuous icebreaking navigation.

[0089] Specifically, the material of the elastomer end cap 400 is soft silicone rubber, such as methyl phenyl silicone rubber material that is resistant to ultra-low temperatures.

[0090] Specifically, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 are integrally disposed in the middle region of the groove structure 111, that is, the width of the gap between the four edges of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 and the second rigid substrate 200 and the side wall of the groove structure 111 is the same; it can be understood that the thickness of the insertion section 410 of the elastomer end cap 400 is uniform.

[0091] Please refer to the following for details. Figure 4 and Figure 5 The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 includes a foam energy-absorbing layer 310 and a plurality of embedded adaptive buffer composites 320. The plurality of adaptive buffer composites 320 are distributed at equal intervals along a first direction inside the foam energy-absorbing layer 310. The adaptive buffer composite 320 includes a flexible thin shell and a shear thickening liquid encapsulated inside the flexible thin shell.

[0092] Specifically, the foam energy-absorbing layer 310 is a hollow polyurethane (PU) closed-cell foam layer with a periodically linear array of through holes inside. Each adaptive buffer composite 320 is filled in a corresponding through hole 311 and forms a transition fit with the foam energy-absorbing layer 310. It can be understood that the shape and size of the adaptive buffer composite 320 are exactly the same. The length of the adaptive buffer composite 320 can be the same as or slightly shorter than the length of any through hole 311, and the cross-sectional profile structure of the two is exactly the same. The structure of the adaptive buffer composite 320 is mainly described below, from which the structure of any through hole 311 can also be fully understood.

[0093] Specifically, the adaptive buffer composite 320 in the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer 300 accounts for 33.72-34.89% of the volume, and the shear thickening fluid in each adaptive buffer composite 320 accounts for 72.79-72.81% of the volume. The shear thickening fluid completely fills the containment chamber formed by the flexible thin shell. The flexible thin shell is made of soft silicone rubber, and the shear thickening fluid (STF) can be an ionic liquid shear thickening fluid (IL-STF).

[0094] Specifically, the adaptive buffer composite 320 has a first side 321, a second side, a third side 323, a fourth side, a fifth side 325, and a sixth side. The first side 321 and the second side are arranged opposite each other along a first direction, the third side 323 and the fourth side are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and the fifth side 325 and the sixth side are arranged opposite each other along a third direction. The first side 321 and the second side are located between the third side 323 and the fourth side. The first side 321, the fourth side, the second side, and the third side 323 are connected in sequence. The third side 323 is parallel to the fourth side. The first side 321 and the second side are concave elliptical cylindrical surfaces. For ease of understanding, the adaptive buffer composite 320 can be regarded as a cuboid with two concave sides and a concave rectangular cross-section. Therefore, the hollow PU foam layer (i.e., the foam energy-absorbing layer 310) that matches its shape can be regarded as a type of structural material with a negative Poisson's ratio effect on a macroscopic scale.

[0095] Specifically, the third side 323 and the fourth side have the same width in the first direction. More specifically, the third side 323 and the fourth side have the same shape and size. The multiple third sides 323 of the multiple adaptive buffer composites 320 are located in the same plane. Therefore, the multiple fourth sides are also located in the same plane. The array formed by the multiple adaptive buffer composites 320 can be regarded as an STF / silicone rubber composite material in a macroscopic way. More specifically, the first side 321 and the second side also have the same shape and size.

[0096] Specifically, the width w of the adaptive buffer complex 320 in the first directions The height h of the adaptive buffer complex 320 in the second direction s The ratio is (8-9)∶11, and the mathematical model satisfied by the first side 321 / second side is: x is the projection of the distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the x-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system, and y is the projection of the distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the y-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system. That is, x is the length of the component of the line connecting the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the x-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system, and y is the length of the component of the line connecting the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and that arbitrary point within the first or second side surface onto the y-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system.

[0097] Specifically, in the first direction, the spacing d between two adjacent adaptive buffer complexes 320 x Satisfying 2mm≤d x ≤3mm, in the second direction, the height h of the adaptive buffer composite 320 s The thickness is less than that of the foam energy-absorbing layer 310, and the minimum distance d between the fifth side 325 or the sixth side of the adaptive buffer composite 320 and the outer surface of the foam energy-absorbing layer 310 that is adjacent to and parallel to the fifth side 325 or the sixth side. z Satisfying 2mm≤d z ≤7mm.

[0098] Specifically, the through holes 311 in the foam energy-absorbing layer 310 are through holes that penetrate the foam energy-absorbing layer 310 along a third direction, and the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are intersected and perpendicular to each other.

[0099] Specifically, the materials of each component in the intelligent anti-collision structure, as well as the adhesive materials used to fix and connect each component, can all be materials resistant to ultra-low temperatures.

[0100] In a typical implementation, a method for fabricating a smart anti-collision structure for continuous icebreaking of polar vessels may include the following steps:

[0101] 1) Prepare a second rigid matrix 200.

[0102] Marine thin steel plate 210 and composite material laminate 220 are stacked in parallel with their four sides aligned, and then molded together using a vacuum box to form an SFRP hybrid plate, which serves as the second rigid matrix 200.

[0103] 2) Prepare SFRP / solid polyurethane closed-cell foam (PUF) composite boards (which can be simply referred to as SFRP / PUF composite boards), such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown.

[0104] The prepared SFRP hybrid board and a solid polyurethane closed-cell foam layer (PUF, hereinafter referred to as the foam layer, i.e. the aforementioned foam energy-absorbing layer 310 or the precursor of the foam energy-absorbing layer 310) with the same bottom shape and size are stacked in parallel and aligned on all four sides, and laminated together by vacuum bag compression molding to form an SFRP / PUF composite board. The SFRP hybrid board layer and the PUF layer are coated with modified epoxy ultra-low temperature adhesive as a binder.

[0105] 3) Cut holes in the foam layer and prepare IL-STF columnar bodies (i.e., the aforementioned adaptive buffer composite 320, the same below).

[0106] The SFRP / PUF composite board is placed upright and fixed on the horizontal working surface of the engraving machine. The machine cutter head is aligned with the side of the composite board that is parallel to the working surface, and then holes are cut at equal intervals (i.e., the aforementioned through-hole array). The hole shape of each through-hole 311 is a concave rectangular shape (the same as the structure of the aforementioned adaptive buffer composite 320).

[0107] In particular, this case is the first to use advanced ultra-low temperature resistant methylphenyl silicone rubber material to prepare the soft rubber shell for encapsulating IL-STF:

[0108] First, methylphenyl silicone rubber raw material with a phenyl-silicone ratio of 5% is synthesized using chemical methods. Then, two types of soft rubber thin-shell components are mass-produced by vulcanization and shaping using shell molds and shell cover molds. These two types of soft rubber thin-shell components are used as shell components and shell cover components, respectively. After IL-STF is injected into the shell components, they are molded together with the shell cover components. Then, raw rubber is used for edge sealing, and vulcanization and shaping are performed again to form IL-STF columnar bodies.

[0109] 4) Prepare SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate.

[0110] Multiple identically shaped IL-STF columnar bodies (i.e., the aforementioned adaptive buffer composite 320) are arranged at equal intervals along a first direction to macroscopically form an IL-STF / soft rubber composite material. These IL-STF columnar bodies are then inserted one by one into the through-hole array of the aforementioned PUF layer-perforated SFRP / PUF composite plate, and combined with it to form an SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0111] 5) Integral molding fabrication of intelligent anti-collision structures for polar vessels.

[0112] The vacuum bag compression molding method combines the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate, the elastomer end cap 400, and the first rigid substrate 100 to form an intelligent anti-collision structure (also known as an intelligent protective structure assembly).

[0113] The SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate is centered and parallel to the groove structure 111 of the first rigid substrate 100. The SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate is placed on the bottom surface of the groove structure 111. Figure 8 As shown, an elastomer end cap 400 is then inserted into the gap between the two sides, fixing and combining the three together to form an intelligent anti-collision structure assembly. It should be noted that the bottom surface of the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate is completely connected to the bottom surface of the groove structure 111 of the marine steel body, the outer surface of the insertion section 410 in the elastomer end cap 400 is completely connected to the side of the groove structure 111 of the first rigid base 100, and the lower surface of the outer edge of the top end of the elastomer end cap 400 is completely connected to the top surface of the boss 121 in the first rigid base 100. The adhesive used at the above connection interfaces is the same modified epoxy ultra-low temperature adhesive. It is worth noting that the other interfaces between the components of this anti-collision structure assembly are contact rather than connection.

[0114] Subsequently, the SFRP / PUF / IL-STF composite plate, the elastomer end cap 400, and the first rigid substrate were integrally formed into an intelligent anti-collision structure using a vacuum bag pressing method, thus completing the preparation of the hybrid laminated intelligent anti-collision structure.

[0115] The intelligent anti-collision structure provided by this invention has a simple fabrication process. Its main fabrication method is vacuum bag compression molding, which is low-cost, easy to scale up for engineering applications, and produces products with few interlayer interface defects. Furthermore, the fabrication process also utilizes a vacuum chamber-assisted molding process to laminate SFRP hybrid plates. Compared to autoclave molding, this method does not require pre-filling with nitrogen for flame retardancy, has relatively low manufacturing costs, and produces fewer defects, achieving quality comparable to autoclave-produced products. It should be noted that this invention is the first to use advanced ultra-low temperature resistant methylphenyl silicone rubber material to prepare the flexible thin shell in the IL-STF / soft rubber composite material. This novel silicone rubber material retains stable and good silicone rubber elasticity even at -100℃, thus fully utilizing the impact buffering effect of the IL-STF core material at extreme low temperatures after being fabricated into the IL-STF / soft rubber composite material. The fabrication method of this invention has good repeatability and technical stability, making it suitable for experimental verification after geometric optimization of this type of structure.

[0116] Today, the world's most advanced polar vessels possess extremely high structural strength. During continuous icebreaking operations, they rely primarily on special steel plates with a hull thickness of up to 50 millimeters to withstand the constant impacts of sea ice. Therefore, existing icebreaker collision protection technologies aim to simply improve the strength of the hull steel plates or the scratch resistance of the steel plate surface.

[0117] This invention targets a PC3-class advanced polar vessel, focusing on areas of severe hull collision wear during continuous icebreaking. It proposes, designs, and manufactures a hybrid laminated, cryogenic-resistant intelligent protective structure to enhance the collision resistance of specific hull sections, ensuring overall ship safety and effectively reducing the frequency of replacement of damaged steel plates on different hull modules, thus lowering maintenance costs. The intelligent anti-collision structure primarily comprises four advanced materials: cryogenic-resistant steel for polar vessels, high-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials, cryogenic-resistant adaptive intelligent composite materials, and cryogenic-resistant silicone rubber. These materials can be laminated using a vacuum bag molding method, simultaneously enhancing the hull's ability to withstand frontal impacts and abrasions from external fluid-structure loads in polar low-temperature and seawater immersion environments.

[0118] This invention addresses the areas of severe hull damage during continuous icebreaking operations of polar vessels by proposing, designing, and manufacturing an ultra-low temperature resistant intelligent anti-collision structure. This is of great significance for breaking through the technological blockade imposed by Europe and the United States, enriching independent intellectual property rights, and enhancing the overall anti-collision capability and long-cycle ocean operation capability of my country's new generation of polar-class ships. It is expected to yield significant social and economic benefits.

[0119] This invention is based on data feedback from intelligent polar ship stress monitoring points. It focuses on the parts of the ship's hull that are severely impacted and worn after long-term icebreaking navigation. It innovatively proposes and designs a reusable intelligent protective structure to fully exploit the collision energy absorption potential of the thick steel plate structure of the hull under the action of sea ice, delay the damage to vulnerable parts of the hull, and effectively extend the safe life of the entire ship and reduce maintenance costs without increasing the weight of the hull.

[0120] It should be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shape-recoverable adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, characterized in that, include: A foam energy-absorbing layer and an adaptive buffer composite, wherein the adaptive buffer composite is uniformly distributed inside the foam energy-absorbing layer, and the adaptive buffer composite includes a flexible thin shell and a shear thickening liquid encapsulated inside the flexible thin shell. The width of the adaptive buffer complex in the first direction w s The height of the adaptive buffer complex in the second direction h s The ratio is (8-9):11, and in the first direction, the minimum spacing between two adjacent adaptive buffer complexes is... d x 2 mm ≤ d x ≤ 3 mm; The adaptive buffer composite has a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, a fifth side, and a sixth side. The first side and the second side are arranged opposite each other along a first direction, the third side and the fourth side are arranged opposite each other along a second direction, and the fifth side and the sixth side are arranged opposite each other along a third direction. The first side and the second side are concave elliptical cylindrical surfaces. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. Wherein, the first side / the second side satisfies: , x Let x be the projection of the distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer complex and any point within the first or second side surface onto the x-axis of a three-dimensional coordinate system. y The distance between the geometric center of the adaptive buffer composite and any point within the first or second side surface is the projection of the distance onto the y-axis of the three-dimensional coordinate system. In the second direction, the minimum distance between the third or fourth side surface of the adaptive buffer composite and the surface of the foam energy-absorbing layer is... d y 2 mm ≤ d y ≤ 2.5mm, in the second direction, the height of the adaptive buffer composite h s The thickness is less than that of the foam energy-absorbing layer, and the minimum distance between the fifth or sixth side of the adaptive buffer composite and the outer surface of the foam energy-absorbing layer that is adjacent to and parallel to the fifth or sixth side is [missing information]. d z 2 mm ≤ d z ≤ 7 mm.

2. The adaptive buffer complex according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume percentage of the adaptive buffer composite in the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer is 33.72%-34.89%.

3. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body includes a plurality of adaptive buffer composites, which are arranged at intervals along a first direction.

4. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The volume percentage of the shear thickening fluid in the adaptive buffer complex is 72.79%-72.81%.

5. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shear-thickening fluid completely fills the receiving chamber formed by the flexible thin shell.

6. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The flexible thin shell is made of low-temperature resistant silicone rubber.

7. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shear thickening fluid includes an ionic liquid shear thickening fluid.

8. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The multiple adaptive buffer complexes are distributed at equal intervals.

9. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foam energy-absorbing layer has a periodically linear array of through holes inside, and each of the adaptive buffer composites is disposed in one of the through holes.

10. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 9, characterized in that: Each of the adaptive buffer composites approximately completely fills the through-hole, and the adaptive buffer composite has the same cross-sectional profile structure as the through-hole.

11. The adaptive energy-absorbing buffer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The extension direction of the through hole is parallel to a third direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction.

12. An intelligent anti-collision structure, comprising a first rigid substrate and a second rigid substrate, characterized in that, It also includes an adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer body is fixedly disposed between the first rigid substrate and the second rigid substrate along the second direction.

13. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 12, characterized in that: The first surface of the first rigid substrate has a groove-shaped structure, and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate are stacked in the groove-shaped structure.

14. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 13, characterized in that: In the second direction, the total thickness of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate is equal to or slightly less than the depth of the groove structure.

15. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 13, characterized in that: The first surface of the first rigid substrate also has a boss, which is arranged around and adjacent to the groove structure.

16. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: The first surface of the first rigid substrate has a first region, a second region and a third region that are sequentially adjacent to each other. The second region is arranged around the first region and the third region is arranged around the second region. The groove structure is arranged in the first region and the boss is arranged in the second region. The ratio of the area of ​​the first region to the area of ​​the second region is 4.44-4.

90.

17. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 16, characterized in that: In the second direction, the thickness ratio of the first rigid substrate located in the first region and the third region is (32-40):(40-50).

18. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 16, characterized in that: In the second direction, the ratio of the thickness of the first rigid substrate located in the second region to that in the third region is 1.24-1.

25.

19. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 16, characterized in that: The thickness of the first rigid substrate is greater than the thickness of the second rigid substrate.

20. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 16, characterized in that: In the second direction, the thickness ratio of the second rigid substrate, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer, and the first rigid substrate located in the first region is (2.5-3.1):(15-18.5):(32-40).

21. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 16, characterized in that: The second rigid matrix comprises stacked marine steel plates and composite material laminates.

22. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 21, characterized in that: The composite material laminate is stacked between the marine thin steel plate and the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer.

23. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 21, characterized in that: The thickness ratio of the marine thin steel plate to the composite material laminate is 1:1 to 3:

2.

24. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 21, characterized in that: The composite material laminate is made of any one or a combination of two or more of carbon fiber, basalt fiber, and polyetheretherketone resin.

25. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to any one of claims 15-24, characterized in that, Also includes: The elastic end cap includes an insertion section and a top cover section that are fixedly connected. The insertion section is disposed between the side surface of the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate and the side wall of the groove structure along a first direction and a third direction. The top cover section is stacked on the first rigid substrate, the adaptive energy-absorbing buffer and the second rigid substrate along a second direction.

26. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 25, characterized in that: The top cover section covers the entire top surface of the boss and a portion of the second rigid substrate along the second direction.

27. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 26, characterized in that: The elastic end cap is an annular cap-shaped structure. The area of ​​the second surface of the second rigid substrate covered by the elastic end cap accounts for 25.8%-27.8% of the total area of ​​the second surface. The outer normal direction of the second surface is the same as that of the first surface.

28. The intelligent anti-collision structure according to claim 27, characterized in that: The first surface further includes an arc-shaped first transition surface located between the second region and the third region in a second direction, and the resilient end cap also has an arc-shaped second transition surface that smoothly transitions with the first transition surface and is tangent at the junction; the first transition surface is a concave arc-shaped surface.

29. A ship collision protection armor, characterized in that, include: The intelligent anti-collision structure according to any one of claims 15-28.

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