A channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design

Abstract

A channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design includes the following steps: defining key time points and performing timing design; within one pulse signal repetition cycle, after transmitting a synchronization pulse signal, a correction signal is added; acquiring multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients and preparing for amplitude and phase compensation; the target echo of the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal echo of the correction signal enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the same channel of the AD chip via the antenna; the signal processing chip performs time-division processing to calculate the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients, and then compensates the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients into the target echo of the corresponding channel stored in the signal processing chip, thus realizing the amplitude and phase compensation process of each channel. Through reasonable timing design and channel multiplexing time-division processing, multi-channel signal acquisition is realized in the engineering practice of low-altitude, small-scale, and slow-speed air defense weapons and equipment. It has the advantages of high sampling rate, high accuracy, and low power consumption, and can be used in various multi-target combat scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultra-narrow pulse signal processing technology, specifically relating to a channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of science and technology, amplitude and phase compensation technology is increasingly widely used in multi-channel signal acquisition systems. It can compensate for the amplitude and phase distortion of signals between channels caused by factors such as hardware circuits and transmission media. In modern warfare, drones and small targets have become the mainstream of combat operations, which means that higher power and narrower pulse width illumination signals are needed. Such narrow pulse signals are prone to distortion, which is detrimental to subsequent signal processing. In practical applications, research on amplitude and phase compensation technology is also very important. It allows for the rapid calculation of compensation coefficients using smaller pulse widths and fewer resources, laying the foundation for subsequent signal processing. Therefore, amplitude and phase compensation has become an important means of eliminating signal distortion between channels.

[0003] In 2015, Yu Hongyan of Harbin Normal University published a paper entitled "A Measurement Method for Narrow Pulse Lasers". This paper improved the accuracy and stability of signal detection by broadening the detected signal, and the effectiveness of the method was verified through a simulation platform.

[0004] Currently, the detection of pulse signals with wide pulse widths and high duty cycles has been successfully achieved in the market. However, the research method in the article "A Measurement Method for Narrow Pulse Lasers" can only perform widening detection processing for single-channel pulse signals. When multiple channels of signals are input simultaneously, and the signal frequency is high with narrow pulses, the signal processor cannot lock onto the signal, and during signal processing, signals with smaller pulse widths cannot be located, and target information cannot be resolved.

[0005] In existing technologies for the detection and processing of narrow pulse signals, there are many studies that use multi-channel detection. However, this approach occupies many channels, has low data processing efficiency, results in narrow pulse waveforms, few sampling points, and large detection errors, making it unsuitable for engineering practice of low-altitude, small-scale, and slow-moving air defense weapons and equipment.

[0006] For example, patent document CN118174730A discloses a method, device, and electronic device for amplitude and phase compensation of multi-channel narrow pulse signals, relating to the field of narrow pulse signal processing technology. It employs an AD9680 chip to simultaneously acquire multi-channel signals, obtaining multi-channel sampled signals. Using one channel as a reference channel and the others as reference channels, it obtains the coordinates of the peak position of the reference channel signal. It then obtains the complex numbers corresponding to these coordinates in the reference channel and in each reference channel. Based on these complex numbers, it obtains the amplitude and phase calibration coefficients for each reference channel. Finally, it multiplies these coefficients by the complex numbers at each point in the reference channel to obtain the amplitude and phase compensation results for each reference channel. This method aims to solve the problems of synchronous acquisition and amplitude and phase consistency of multi-channel, high-frequency, narrow pulse signals, thereby ensuring the correctness of subsequent signal processing. However, the acquired signal in this technical solution is still a narrow pulse, with a small number of sampling points, resulting in low detection precision and insufficient accuracy.

[0007] Therefore, in order to meet the detection and processing requirements of low, small and slow targets in the multi-channel signal acquisition system of air defense weapons and equipment under different complex electromagnetic environment combat scenarios, it is urgent to design a technical solution based on the amplitude and phase compensation of extremely narrow pulse signal timing design that is suitable for engineering practice, so as to meet the combat requirements of the multi-channel signal acquisition system in complex electromagnetic environment. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the above technical problems, this application provides a channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Define key time points and perform timing design, including: the time t1 for transmitting the synchronization pulse signal, the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal, the interval t3 between transmitting the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal, and the repetition period t4 of the transmitted pulse signal. Among them, the repetition period t4 of the transmitted pulse signal is a fixed value, and the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal is the same. Within one pulse signal repetition period, after transmitting the synchronization pulse signal at time t1, the correction signal is transmitted at an interval of time t3.

[0010] The process of acquiring multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients and preparing for amplitude and phase compensation includes: acquiring echo signals through the AD chip of a multi-channel signal acquisition system, wherein the echo signals include the target echo of the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal echo of the correction signal; during signal acquisition, the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the same channel via an antenna; the signal processing chip in the multi-channel signal acquisition system stores the target echo and then performs multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficient calculation on the correction signal echo to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients;

[0011] The amplitude and phase coefficients of the multi-channel signal are compensated into the target echo of the corresponding channel stored in the signal processing chip, thereby realizing the amplitude and phase compensation process of each channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the relationship between the transmission synchronization pulse signal time t1, the antenna reception echo signal time t2, the interval between the transmission synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal t3, and the transmission pulse signal repetition cycle time t4 is as follows:

[0013] Among them, R max For the maximum unambiguous distance, R T Let R be the distance between the target and the multi-channel signal acquisition system, c be the speed of light, and R be the distance between the target and the multi-channel signal acquisition system. T <<R max .

[0014] Furthermore, the calculation method for the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows:

[0015] When acquiring signals, obtain the real part (real) and imaginary part (imag) of the trace corresponding to the maximum energy value of the corrected signal echo in each channel, and calculate the amplitude (amp) of each channel. i and phase i Then, obtain the amplitude amp_min and phase phase_min of the minimum amplitude trace from the traces corresponding to the maximum energy values ​​of each channel, and calculate the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib for each channel. i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i ;

[0016] The amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i Convert the values ​​to real parts calib_real and imaginary parts calib_imag to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients.

[0017] Furthermore, the amplitude of each channel (amp) i The calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] The phase of each channel i The calculation formula is:

[0020]

[0021] Furthermore, the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i The calculation formula is:

[0022]

[0023] The phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i The calculation formula is:

[0024] phase_calib i =phase_min-phase i .

[0025] Furthermore, the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i The real part calib_real and the imaginary part calib_imag of the transformation are as follows:

[0026] The real part of the transformation is calib_real = amp_calib i ·cos(phase_calib i );

[0027] The imaginary part of the transformation is calib_imag = amp_calib i sin(phase_calib) i ).

[0028] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows:

[0029] Multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients = calib_real + i * calib_imag.

[0030] Furthermore, the amplitude and phase compensation process for each channel involves multiplying the target echo of the corresponding channel stored by the signal processing chip by the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients in sequence.

[0031] Furthermore, when the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the antenna from the same channel, the same channel acquires the target echo during the time period [α1, α2] and the correction signal echo during the time period [α3, α4].

[0032] Wherein, time period [α1, α2] is the duration of the target echo, and time period [α3, α4] is the duration of the correction signal echo.

[0033] Furthermore, the AD chip has two channels, 14 effective bits, and a sampling rate f. s Supporting 500Msps, 1Gsps, and 1.25Gsps, the multi-channel signal acquisition system uses two identical AD chips.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] (1) In the multi-channel signal acquisition system of air defense weapon equipment, the present invention can realize the transformation of the amplitude and phase correction of nanosecond-level signals into the amplitude and phase correction of microsecond-level signals through reasonable timing design, so as to meet the requirements of detecting targets with low, small and slow characteristics, and reduce hardware costs and signal processing difficulty.

[0036] (2) In this invention, the correction signal echo and the target echo are different echo signals and should be processed through different channels. However, relying on the high-speed data processing capability of the multi-channel signal acquisition system and the fact that the two are at different times, they are processed through the same channel. However, the number of channels can be reduced by half, thus improving processing efficiency.

[0037] (3) In this invention, an AD chip is used to collect signals from two channels, which reduces the power consumption of the system and improves the battery life of the product. It truly achieves the goal of considering both high sampling rate and low power consumption.

[0038] (4) The present invention can realize the calculation and compensation of amplitude and phase compensation coefficient in real time for each cycle, which can reduce the impact of time and temperature changes on the amplitude and phase consistency between multiple channels. Moreover, the method is universal and has low computational resource overhead.

[0039] (5) In this invention, for the multi-channel signal acquisition system in air defense weapon equipment, the amplitude and phase correction algorithm logic only needs to be implemented through timing design and amplitude and phase compensation modules to realize the amplitude and phase correction of extremely narrow pulse signals. It is simple, feasible and suitable for engineering practice.

[0040] (6) The present invention has been applied and demonstrated in engineering practice. It can be applied to the multi-channel signal acquisition of low, small and slow air defense weapon equipment and used in various multi-target combat scenarios. The verification results prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the method. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on the timing design of extremely narrow pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a timing design diagram of the channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on the timing design of extremely narrow pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a data flow diagram of the amplitude and phase compensation algorithm of the channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on the timing design of extremely narrow pulse signals in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4This is a MATLAB simulation result of the channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on the timing design of extremely narrow pulse signals according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the experimental verification results of the channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on the timing design of extremely narrow pulse signals in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below, but the scope of protection is not limited to what is described.

[0047] This invention provides a channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design, mainly consisting of two parts: timing design and amplitude and phase compensation. Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0048] Key time points are defined, and timing design is performed, including: the time t1 for transmitting the synchronization pulse signal, the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal, the interval t3 between transmitting the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal, and the repetition period t4 of the transmitted pulse signal. The repetition period t4 is a fixed value, and the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal is the same. Within one pulse signal repetition period, after transmitting the synchronization pulse signal at time t1, the correction signal is transmitted at interval t3. The timing design is as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0049] The relationship between the transmission synchronization pulse signal time t1, the antenna reception echo signal time t2, the interval between the transmission synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal t3, and the transmission pulse signal repetition cycle time t4 is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, R max For the maximum unambiguous distance, R T Let R be the distance between the target and the multi-channel signal acquisition system, c be the speed of light, and R be the distance between the target and the multi-channel signal acquisition system. T <<R max .

[0052] The process of acquiring multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients and preparing for amplitude and phase compensation includes: acquiring echo signals through the AD chip of a multi-channel signal acquisition system; the echo signals include the target echo of the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal echo of the correction signal; during signal acquisition, the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the same channel via an antenna; the signal processing chip in the multi-channel signal acquisition system stores the target echo, and then calculates the amplitude and phase coefficients of the correction signal echo to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients, which are the multi-channel amplitude and phase compensation coefficients; the signal flow during the amplitude and phase compensation algorithm is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0053] When the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the antenna from the same channel, the same channel acquires the target echo during the time period [α1, α2] and the correction signal echo during the time period [α3, α4].

[0054] Wherein, time period [α1, α2] is the duration of the target echo, and time period [α3, α4] is the duration of the correction signal echo.

[0055] The AD chip has two channels, 14 effective bits, and a sampling rate of f. s Supporting 500Msps, 1Gsps, and 1.25Gsps, achieving low power consumption and long battery life, the multi-channel signal acquisition system uses two identical AD chips, such as the AD9680, and the mathematical expression for the output signal is:

[0056]

[0057] Where i represents the channel number, j represents the AD chip number, n is any integer, and t is the sampling time.

[0058] The range of values ​​for n is:

[0059]

[0060] To save resources, reduce costs, and decrease the number of channels, based on the concept of time-division multiplexing, the same channel collects signals in two time periods [α1, α2] and [α3, α4], which not only filters out useless signals but also reduces the amount of data and alleviates the burden of data processing.

[0061] The calculation method for the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows:

[0062] When acquiring signals, obtain the real part (real) and imaginary part (imag) of the trace corresponding to the maximum energy value of the corrected signal echo in each channel, and calculate the amplitude (amp) of each channel.i and phase i Then, obtain the amplitude amp_min and phase phase_min of the minimum amplitude trace from the traces corresponding to the maximum energy values ​​of each channel, and calculate the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib for each channel. i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i ;

[0063] The amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i Convert the values ​​to real parts calib_real and imaginary parts calib_imag to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients.

[0064] The amplitude of each channel i The calculation formula is:

[0065]

[0066] The phase of each channel i The calculation formula is:

[0067]

[0068] The amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i The calculation formula is:

[0069]

[0070] The phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i The calculation formula is:

[0071] phase_calib i =phase_min-phase i (7)

[0072] The amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calib i and phase compensation coefficient phase_calib i The real part calib_real and the imaginary part calib_imag of the transformation are as follows:

[0073] The real part of the transformation is calib_real = amp_calib i ·cos(phase_calib i (8)

[0074] The imaginary part of the transformation is calib_imag = amp_calibi sin(phase_calib) i (9)

[0075] The formula for calculating the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows:

[0076] Multichannel amplitude and phase coefficients = calib_real + i * calib_imag (10)

[0077] The amplitude and phase coefficients of the multi-channel signal are compensated into the target echo of the corresponding channel stored in the signal processing chip, thereby realizing the amplitude and phase compensation process of each channel.

[0078] The MATLAB simulation results before and after amplitude and phase compensation are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 Figure a in the figure shows the MATLAB simulation results of the real part of the target echo signal before amplitude and phase compensation; Figure 4 Figure b in the figure shows the MATLAB simulation results of the imaginary part of the target echo signal before amplitude and phase compensation; Figure 4 Figure c in the figure shows the MATLAB simulation results of the real part of the target echo signal after phase and amplitude compensation; Figure 4 The d-figure in the figure shows the MATLAB simulation results of the real part amplitude of the target echo signal after amplitude and phase compensation;

[0079] The experimental verification results before and after amplitude and phase compensation are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 Figure a in the diagram shows the overall visualization effect of the experimental data before amplitude and phase compensation. Figure 5 Figure b in the image shows a partial visualization of the experimental data before amplitude and phase compensation. Figure 5 Figure c in the figure shows the overall visualization effect of the experimental data after amplitude and phase compensation. Figure 5 The d-plot in the figure is a partial visualization of the experimental data after amplitude and phase compensation.

[0080] The amplitude and phase compensation process for each channel involves multiplying the target echo of the corresponding channel stored by the signal processing chip by the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients in sequence. This allows for real-time calculation and compensation of the amplitude and phase compensation coefficients in each cycle, further reducing the impact of time and temperature changes on the amplitude and phase consistency between multiple channels. Furthermore, this method is versatile and consumes minimal computational resources.

[0081] In the timing design of this embodiment, adding a correction signal at the transmitting end is beneficial for amplitude and phase correction because: the synchronization pulse signal has a narrow waveform, high power, and is intended to strike the target; it has few sampling points, making amplitude and phase correction inconvenient. In contrast, the correction signal has a wider waveform, lower power, and more sampling points, making amplitude and phase correction easier. The receiving end must receive not only the target echo but also the correction signal echo.

[0082] The specific principle is as follows:

[0083] The synchronization pulse signal waveform is a single-carrier frequency extremely narrow pulse signal, whose time-width-bandwidth product is approximately 1, and its normalized envelope can be written as:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, f c τ1 is the carrier frequency of the synchronization pulse signal, τ2 is the pulse width of the synchronization pulse signal, τ3 is the pulse width of the correction signal, x(t) is the synchronization pulse signal, u(t) is the unit step signal, and t is the time for transmitting the synchronization pulse signal.

[0086] The synchronization pulse signal ensures the coherence of the target echo and the correction signal echo. The signal acquired by the multi-channel signal acquisition system is x(t-t2), where the target echo is:

[0087]

[0088] The corrected signal echo is:

[0089]

[0090] Where τ2 is in the nanosecond range and τ3 is in the microsecond range.

[0091] Therefore, the correction signal echo is more suitable for amplitude and phase correction than the target echo, thereby realizing the transformation of amplitude and phase correction of nanosecond-level signals into amplitude and phase correction of microsecond-level signals.

[0092] Traditional multi-channel signal acquisition systems in air defense weapons and equipment do not have the ability to calibrate extremely narrow pulse signals, multiplex channels, or acquire multiple channels using a single AD chip. There are no publicly reported multi-channel signal acquisition methods that have been truly applied to engineering practice for low-altitude, small-scale, and slow-speed air defense weapons and equipment. This invention has been applied and demonstrated in engineering practice and can be used for multi-channel signal acquisition in engineering practice for low-altitude, small-scale, and slow-speed air defense weapons and equipment. It has also been used in various multi-target combat scenarios, and the verification results have proven the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.

[0093] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely specific examples of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design, characterized by, Includes the following steps: Key time points are defined, and timing design is performed, including: the time t1 for transmitting the synchronization pulse signal, the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal, the interval t3 between transmitting the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal, and the repetition period t4 of the transmitted pulse signal. The repetition period t4 is a fixed value, and the time t2 for receiving the echo signal is the same. Within one pulse signal repetition period, after transmitting the synchronization pulse signal at time t1, the correction signal is transmitted at interval t3. The time t1 for transmitting the synchronization pulse signal, the time t2 for the antenna to receive the echo signal, the interval t3 between transmitting the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal, and the repetition period t4 of the transmitted pulse signal are all specified. The relationship between them is: , To be the maximum unambiguous distance, The distance between the target and the multi-channel signal acquisition system. It is the speed of light, and ; The process of acquiring multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients and preparing for amplitude and phase compensation includes: acquiring echo signals through the AD chip of a multi-channel signal acquisition system, wherein the echo signals include the target echo of the synchronization pulse signal and the correction signal echo of the correction signal; during signal acquisition, the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the same channel via an antenna; the signal processing chip in the multi-channel signal acquisition system stores the target echo and then performs multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficient calculation on the correction signal echo to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients; The amplitude and phase coefficients of the multi-channel signal are compensated into the target echo of the corresponding channel stored in the signal processing chip, thereby realizing the amplitude and phase compensation process of each channel.

2. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation method for the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows: When acquiring signals, the real part (real) and imaginary part (imag) of the trace corresponding to the maximum energy value of the correction signal echo in each channel are obtained, and the amplitude (ampi) and phase (phasei) of each channel are calculated; then, the amplitude (amp_min) and phase (phase_min) of the trace corresponding to the minimum amplitude value are obtained from the traces corresponding to the maximum energy value in each channel, and the amplitude compensation coefficient (amp_calibi) and phase compensation coefficient (phase_calibi) of each channel are calculated. The amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calibi and the phase compensation coefficient phase_calibi are converted into real parts calib_real and imaginary parts calib_imag to obtain the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients.

3. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the amplitude (ampi) of each channel is as follows: ； The formula for calculating the phase i of each channel is as follows: 。 4. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calibi is as follows: ； The formula for calculating the phase compensation coefficient phase_calibi is as follows: 。 5. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design according to claim 4, characterized in that, The real part calib_real and the imaginary part calib_imag of the amplitude compensation coefficient amp_calibi and the phase compensation coefficient phase_calibi are specifically as follows: the transformed real part ; the transformed imaginary part .

6. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design according to claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients is as follows: Multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients = calib_real + i × calib_imag.

7. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amplitude and phase compensation process for each channel involves multiplying the target echo of the corresponding channel stored by the signal processing chip by the multi-channel amplitude and phase coefficients in sequence.

8. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on ultra-narrow pulse signal timing design according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the target echo and the correction signal echo enter the multi-channel signal acquisition system through the antenna from the same channel, the same channel during the time period Collect the target echo within a time period Acquire the echo of the correction signal; wherein the time period is the time period for the target echo, and the time period is the time period for the correction signal echo.

9. The channel multiplexing amplitude and phase compensation method based on extremely narrow pulse signal timing design as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The AD chip has two channels, 14-bit effective bits, and a sampling rate of 500Msps Support 500Msps, 1Gsps, 1.25Gsps, the multi-channel signal acquisition system sets two pieces of the same AD chip.

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