A device and process for pretreating crop straw before fermentation

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of crop straw pre-treatment device before fermentation and processing technology, wherein pre-treatment device, including: crushing device, for cutting and crushing straw;First conveying belt, for conveying straw into crushing device;Second conveying belt, for conveying the straw fragments in crushing device outward;The cavity of the crushing device is provided with winnowing tube, the cavity of crushing device is divided into crushing cavity and winnowing cavity from inside to outside by winnowing tube, the stirring mechanism for separating impurities in straw is sequentially provided in crushing cavity from top to bottom, and a plurality of cutting mechanisms for cutting and crushing straw are provided in crushing cavity, a plurality of through holes for allowing impurities separated in stirring mechanism to enter winnowing cavity are formed in winnowing tube, and a winnowing mechanism for conveying straw entering winnowing cavity through through holes back into stirring mechanism is provided in winnowing cavity.The application can reduce the risk of blockage during processing, and ensure the cutting and crushing effect of straw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crushing devices, and more specifically to a pre-treatment device and process for crop straw before fermentation. Background Technology

[0002] Straw fermentation is a method of treating crop straw to improve its nutritional value; it is also known as straw microbial fermentation and storage technology. Before straw fermentation, the straw needs to be cut to facilitate subsequent compaction and ensure the quality of the silage.

[0003] Currently, most straw is initially shredded and bundled by machine during harvesting. This process inevitably involves clods of soil, gravel, and other debris getting mixed in with the straw, affecting the quality of the straw fragments during cutting and crushing, and also posing a risk of equipment blockage. Therefore, before further cutting and crushing, the debris needs to be separated and removed from the straw. This can be done by first using a drum screen to sieve the straw, and then using a crusher. This requires a large horizontal space for the straw processing equipment, and a conveyor belt is needed between the two machines for straw transfer. During transfer, straw may detach from the conveyor belt, resulting in losses outside of processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a pre-treatment device and process for crop straw fermentation, which can reduce the risk of blockage during processing and ensure the cutting and crushing effect of straw.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0006] A pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation includes:

[0007] A crushing device used to cut and crush straw;

[0008] The first conveyor belt is used to transport straw into the crushing device;

[0009] The second conveyor belt is used to transport the straw fragments inside the crushing device outwards;

[0010] The crushing device is equipped with an air separator pipe inside its cavity. The cavity is divided into a crushing chamber and an air separator chamber from the inside out by the air separator pipe. Inside the crushing chamber, from top to bottom, there is a stirring mechanism for separating impurities from the straw and several cutting mechanisms for cutting and crushing the straw. Each cutting mechanism has several cutting cavities, and the number of cutting cavities in the same cutting mechanism decreases from top to bottom. The air separator pipe has several through holes for the impurities separated from the stirring mechanism to enter the air separator chamber. Inside the air separator chamber, there is an air separator mechanism for transporting the straw that enters through the through holes back to the stirring mechanism. The height of the top of the air separator pipe is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt.

[0011] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the stirring mechanism includes a stirring disc and a guide disc. The stirring disc is rotatably connected to the body of the crushing device and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the body. Several stirring rods are arranged in concentric circles from the inside to the outside on the bottom surface of the stirring disc. The stirring rods on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the stirring disc. The guide disc is fixedly connected to the body. The guide disc is funnel-shaped, and the bottom end of the space it encloses is connected to the air separation chamber through a through hole. Several limiting units are evenly spaced along the circumference of the guide disc on the top surface of the guide disc. The limiting unit includes several limiting plates evenly spaced along the radial direction of the guide disc. There is an interval space between adjacent limiting plates in the same limiting unit for the stirring rods to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate on the rotating trajectory of the stirring rod is sharp. Several dropping openings are opened between the limiting units at both ends of the guide disc for the straw to fall into the cutting mechanism.

[0012] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a diversion mechanism is provided between the stirring mechanism and the cutting mechanism. The diversion mechanism includes a diversion disk and a rotating ring. The diversion disk is fixedly connected to the machine body. The diversion disk has several diversion ports arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The rotating ring is rotatably connected to the machine body and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The rotating ring has several pushing plates arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The pushing plates are perpendicular to the rotating ring. The pushing plates are located above the diversion disk and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the diversion disk.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the cutting mechanism includes a cutting ring and a turning ring. Both the cutting ring and the turning ring are rotatably mounted on the machine body and driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The cutting ring is provided with a plurality of cutting blades arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The machine body is provided with a plurality of flow-limiting units arranged at equal angles around its central axis. Each flow-limiting unit includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle. The upper baffle is located diagonally above the lower baffle, and both have limiting strips on their inner ends. There is a distance between the inner ends of adjacent limiting strips. The gap space is used for the cutting blade to pass through. The inner end of the limiting strip is provided with a cutting edge at the rear end of the cutting blade's movement trajectory. The outer ends of the upper and lower baffles of adjacent flow limiting units are on the same vertical plane. A cutting cavity is formed between the upper baffle, the lower baffle, and the limiting strip. The actuating ring is provided with several actuating pieces arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The actuating pieces are inclined relative to the actuating ring. The actuating pieces are located above the flow limiting unit, and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle.

[0014] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the air separation mechanism includes an exhaust fan, and the air separation tube is a hollow structure with an open top and a closed bottom. The exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation tube. The top surface of the machine body is arc-shaped, and the through hole is located above the exhaust fan with a guide plate between them. The guide plate is inclined relative to the air separation tube and has several ventilation holes. An opening is opened at the bottom of the guide plate. An air inlet and an outlet for discharging debris are opened on the side of the machine body. The air inlet and the bottom of the air separation chamber are connected by an air inlet pipe, and the opening and the outlet are connected by an outlet pipe.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, a feed inlet is provided at the connection between the machine body and the first conveyor belt, the height of the opening at the top of the air separator is higher than the height of the feed inlet, and a flip cover is provided on the feed inlet.

[0016] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, the cavity of the machine body is provided with a collection hopper for guiding and conveying the straw processed by the cutting mechanism to the second conveyor belt.

[0017] The present invention also provides a processing technology based on the pre-fermentation treatment device for crop straw according to any one of the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0018] Step 1: Straw feeding. Bundles of straw are conveyed into the crushing device via the first conveyor belt.

[0019] Step 2, Debris removal: The straw is dispersed by a stirring mechanism, so that the debris can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber through the through hole from the crushing chamber.

[0020] Step 3, graded cutting: multiple cutting mechanisms cut the straw, which has been processed by the mixing mechanism, into fragments, and then transport them to subsequent processing equipment or storage areas via a second conveyor belt.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above technical solution, in step two, the straw that enters the air separation chamber through the through hole is transported back to the mixing mechanism by the air separation mechanism.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0023] (1) The present invention achieves the crushing and processing of straw and the separation of impurities in straw by setting the mixing mechanism and the cutting mechanism around the air separation mechanism in the crushing device, thus ensuring the quality of straw fragments after processing. Furthermore, due to the vertical arrangement of the mechanism, the horizontal space occupied is reduced, thus lowering the space requirements for the placement site.

[0024] (2) The present invention achieves the effect of cutting straw multiple times through the structure of multiple cutting mechanisms in the vertical direction. Furthermore, due to the different number of cutting cavities in different cutting mechanisms, the number of straw fragments of different sizes entering the cutting cavity is guaranteed, which improves the effectiveness of the cutting mechanism in cutting the straw fragments in the cutting cavity and ensures the cutting and crushing effect of straw.

[0025] (3) The present invention reduces the amount of straw loss in non-cutting processing by using the air separation mechanism to screen the debris and straw in the air separation chamber. In addition, the airflow from the air separation chamber to the crushing chamber during the screening process can transport the straw in a top-down flow, reducing the risk of straw causing blockage of the mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pre-treatment device for crop straw fermentation according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of a pre-treatment device for crop straw fermentation according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a pre-fermentation device for crop straw according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The diagram shows a partial enlarged view of the stirring mechanism.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the structure of a pre-treatment device for crop straw fermentation according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a pre-fermentation device for crop straw according to the present invention, from another perspective.

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The diagram shows an enlarged view of a partial structure of the cutting mechanism.

[0033] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 The diagram shows an enlarged view of a portion of the structure of the air separator pipe.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a partial enlarged view of the structure of a pre-treatment device for crop straw fermentation according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a pre-fermentation device for crop straw according to the present invention, from a third perspective.

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a pre-fermentation device for crop straw according to the present invention, from a third perspective.

[0037] The components include: crushing device 11, first conveyor belt 12, second conveyor belt 13, machine body 14, feed inlet 15, flip cover 16, collection hopper 17, air separator 2, through hole 21, perforation 22, crushing chamber 31, air separator 32, cutting chamber 33, separation space 34, air intake channel 35, stirring mechanism 4, stirring plate 41, guide plate 42, stirring rod 43, limiting unit 44, limiting plate 45, interval space 46, sharp point 47, drop outlet 48, partition 49, cutting mechanism 5, and cutting ring 51. 52. Actuating ring, 53. Cutting blade, 54. Actuating plate, 6. Air separation mechanism, 61. Exhaust fan, 62. Arc-shaped, 63. Guide plate, 64. Vent hole, 65. Opening, 66. Air inlet, 67. Exhaust outlet, 68. Air inlet pipe, 69. Exhaust pipe, 7. Diverting mechanism, 71. Diverting plate, 72. Rotating ring, 73. Diverting port, 74. Pushing plate, 8. Flow limiting unit, 81. Upper baffle, 82. Lower baffle, 83. Limiting strip, 84. Gap space, 85. Blade, 9. Drive mechanism, 91. Rotating shaft, 92. Motor, 93. Gear transmission mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are explanations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0039] See Figures 1-10This embodiment discloses a pre-treatment device for crop straw fermentation, comprising a crushing device 11 for cutting and crushing straw, a first conveyor belt 12 for conveying straw into the crushing device 11, and a second conveyor belt 13 for conveying straw fragments outward from the crushing device 11. An air separator 2 is provided at the center of the cavity of the crushing device 11. The cavity of the crushing device 11 is divided from the inside out by the air separator 2 to form a crushing chamber 31 and an air separator 32. A mixer for separating impurities (such as clods of earth, gravel, etc.) from the straw is arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the crushing chamber 31. The structure 4 includes several cutting mechanisms 5 for cutting and crushing straw. Each cutting mechanism 5 has several cutting cavities 33, and the number of cutting cavities 33 in the same cutting mechanism 5 decreases from top to bottom. The air separation pipe 2 has several through holes 21 for allowing the debris separated from the mixing mechanism 4 to enter the air separation cavity 32. Each through hole 21 is arranged at an equal angle around the central axis of the air separation pipe 2. The air separation cavity 32 is equipped with an air separation mechanism 6 for transporting the straw that enters through the through holes 21 back to the mixing mechanism 4. The height of the top of the air separation pipe 2 is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt 12.

[0040] In use, the first conveyor belt 12 transports bundled straw (i.e., bundled straw that has been preliminarily crushed by the straw baler) into the crushing device 11. Then, the mixing mechanism 4 disperses the straw, causing the bundled straw to change from a compressed state to a loose state, so that impurities can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber 32 from the crushing chamber 31 through the through hole 21. During the mixing process, the straw that enters the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21 can be transported back to the mixing mechanism 4 through the air separation mechanism 6. At the same time, the airflow from the air separation chamber 32 into the crushing chamber 31 can also transport the straw as it flows from top to bottom along the crushing chamber 31. Then, multiple cutting mechanisms 5 cut the straw processed by the mixing mechanism 4 into fragments. Finally, the straw fragments are transported to the subsequent processing equipment or storage area by the second conveyor belt 13.

[0041] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 The crushing device 11 has a feed inlet 15 at the connection between the body 14 and the first conveyor belt 12. The height of the opening 65 at the top of the air separator 2 is higher than the height of the feed inlet 15. The feed inlet 15 is provided with a flip cover 16, which reduces the risk of straw output from the air separator 2 being discharged through the feed inlet 15 under the action of airflow.

[0042] See Figure 3 , Figure 4The stirring mechanism 4 includes a stirring plate 41 and a guide plate 42. The stirring plate 41 is rotatably connected to the machine body 14 and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body 14. A plurality of stirring rods 43 are arranged in concentric circles from the inside out on the bottom surface of the stirring plate 41. The stirring rods 43 on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the stirring plate 41. The guide plate 42 is fixedly connected to the machine body 14. The guide plate 42 is funnel-shaped, and the bottom end of the space it encloses is connected to the air separation chamber 32 through a through hole 21. Along the top surface of the guide plate 42... A plurality of limiting units 44 are provided at equal intervals in the circumference. Each limiting unit 44 includes a plurality of limiting plates 45 arranged at equal intervals in the radial direction along the guide plate 42. There is an interval space 46 between adjacent limiting plates 45 in the same limiting unit 44 for the stirring rod 43 to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate 45 located on the rotation trajectory of the stirring rod 43 is pointed 47. A plurality of dropping ports 48 are provided between the limiting units 44 at both ends of the guide plate 42 for straw to fall into the cutting mechanism 5. The feed port 15 is located between adjacent limiting units 44 and dropping ports 48.

[0043] When the mixing disc 41 rotates relative to the machine body 14, it drives the mixing rod 43 to move, allowing the mixing rod 43 to push the straw against the limiting plate 45. The straw is then cut by the rear end of the limiting plate 45, releasing the straw from its bundled state. Under the action of the limiting plate 45 and the mixing rod 43, the straw disperses, allowing debris trapped between the straw to escape. Guided by the guide disc 42, the debris enters the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21. Simultaneously, the straw enters the cutting mechanism 5 from the mixing mechanism 4 through the drop outlet 48. During the process of the mixing rod 43 pushing the straw, the straw undergoes initial cutting under the action of the limiting plate 45 and the mixing rod 43, reducing the risk of straw clogging during subsequent processing.

[0044] To reduce the risk of debris falling into the cutting mechanism 5 through the drop opening 48 and affecting the straw cutting quality, a partition 49 can be installed directly below the area where the drop opening 48 is located on the guide plate 41 (e.g., Figure 11 As shown in the diagram, the partition 49 is parallel to the guide plate 41, and a separation space 34 is formed between them. An air-guiding channel 35 is provided in the separation space 34. The air-guiding channel 35 is inclined relative to the air-separating pipe 2. The air inlet of the air-guiding channel 35 is located in the cavity of the air-separating pipe 2, and its air outlet is located in the separation space 34. The air outlet direction of the air-guiding channel 35 is perpendicular to the falling direction of the straw on the drop outlet 48. The air-separating pipe 2 is provided with a perforation 22 for the debris on the partition 49 to enter the air-separating pipe 2, so that the debris and straw falling together can be separated under the action of airflow. The separated debris is guided by the partition 49 to enter the air-separating pipe 2 through the perforation 22, and the straw moves under the blowing of the airflow, detaches from the partition 49, and continues to fall downward.

[0045] In this embodiment, the number of stirring rods 43 in each ring of the stirring plate 41 is the same, and the corresponding stirring rods 43 are arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the stirring plate 41. This reduces the space requirement for installing the stirring rods 43 on the stirring plate 41, and facilitates reducing the weight of the stirring plate 41 by opening holes, thereby reducing the driving burden of the stirring plate 41.

[0046] See Figure 5 A diversion mechanism 7 is provided between the stirring mechanism 4 and the cutting mechanism 5. The diversion mechanism 7 includes a diversion plate 71 and a rotating ring 72. The diversion plate 71 is fixedly connected to the machine body 14. The diversion plate 71 has a plurality of diversion ports 73 arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The rotating ring 72 is rotatably connected to the machine body 14 and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body 14. The rotating ring 72 has a plurality of pushing plates 74 arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The pushing plates 74 are vertically arranged relative to the rotating ring 72. The pushing plates 74 are located above the diversion plate 71 and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the diversion plate 71.

[0047] When the rotating ring 72 rotates relative to the machine body 14 and drives the pusher plate 74 to move, the pusher plate 74 can push the straw that has fallen from the drop port 48 to a local position on the diversion plate 71 to other positions on the diversion plate 71. This allows the straw to form a circular cylindrical drop area through the diversion port 73 on the diversion plate 71, reducing the risk of local straw accumulation and ensuring the amount of straw falling into the cutting cavity 33 of the cutting mechanism 5, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the cutting mechanism 5 in cutting straw.

[0048] See Figures 6-8The cutting mechanism 5 includes a cutting ring 51 and a toggle ring 52. Both the cutting ring 51 and the toggle ring 52 are rotatably mounted on the machine body 14 and are driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body 14. The cutting ring 51 is provided with a plurality of cutting blades 53 arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The machine body 14 is provided with a plurality of flow-limiting units 8 arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The flow-limiting unit 8 includes an upper baffle 81 and a lower baffle 82. The upper baffle 81 is located diagonally above the lower baffle 82, and both have limiting strips 83 on their inner ends. The outer ends of the two limiting strips 83 are integrally connected to the upper baffle 81 and the lower baffle 82, respectively. Adjacent limiting strips 83 There is a gap space 84 between the inner ends of the limiting strip 83 for the cutting blade 53 to pass through. The inner end of the limiting strip 83 is provided with a cutting edge 85 at the rear end on the moving trajectory of the cutting blade 53. The outer ends of the upper baffle 81 and the lower baffle 82 of the adjacent flow limiting units 8 are on the same vertical plane. The upper baffle 81, the lower baffle 82 and the limiting strip 83 form a cutting cavity 33. The actuating ring 52 is provided with a number of actuating pieces 54 arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The actuating pieces 54 are inclined relative to the actuating ring 52. The actuating pieces 54 are located above the flow limiting unit 8 and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle 81.

[0049] When the cutting ring 51 and the actuating ring 52 rotate relative to the machine body 14, the actuating ring 52 drives the actuating plate 54 to move, so that the actuating plate 54 can push the straw falling on the upper baffle 81 into the cutting cavity 33, ensuring the amount of straw entering the cutting cavity 33. At the same time, the cutting ring 51 drives the cutting blade 53 to move, so that the cutting blade 53 cuts the straw. At the same time, the cutting blade 53 can also hold the straw against the limiting strip 83. Through the cooperation between the cutting blade 53 and the limiting strip 83, the straw is cut, thereby improving the cutting effect of the cutting mechanism 5 on the straw.

[0050] See Figure 6 The cavity of the machine body 14 is provided with a collection hopper 17 for guiding and conveying the straw processed by the cutting mechanism 5 to the second conveyor belt 13, which improves the convenience of collecting straw fragments.

[0051] In this embodiment, the cross-section of the collecting hopper 17 is square and the cross-section of the machine body 14 is circular, so that the collecting hopper 17, the air inlet pipe 68 and the discharge pipe 69 are compactly arranged without contact, thereby achieving the effect of reducing the height of the machine body 14 and reducing the difficulty of the first conveyor belt 12 to convey the straw obliquely upward.

[0052] See Figures 7-9The air separation mechanism 6 includes an exhaust fan 61, and the air separation pipe 2 is a hollow structure with an opening at the top 65 and a closed bottom. The exhaust fan 61 is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation pipe 2. The top surface of the body 14 is arc-shaped 62. The through hole 21 is located above the exhaust fan 61 and a guide plate 63 is provided between the two. The guide plate 63 is inclined relative to the air separation pipe 2. Several ventilation holes 64 are opened on the guide plate 63. An opening 65 is opened at the bottom end of the guide plate 63. An air inlet 66 and an outlet 67 for discharging debris are opened on the side of the body 14. The air inlet 66 and the bottom end of the air separation chamber 32 are connected by an air inlet pipe 68. The opening 65 and the outlet 67 are connected by an outlet pipe 69.

[0053] When debris and straw fall into the air separation chamber 32 through the through hole 21, the upward airflow generated by the exhaust fan 61 can discharge the straw back into the crushing chamber 31 through the air separation pipe 2. Under the guidance of the airflow on the top of the machine body 14, the straw re-enters the mixing mechanism 4 and forms a downward airflow in the crushing chamber 31, which can blow the straw from top to bottom, reducing the risk of straw clogging in the machine body 14. At the same time, the debris falls onto the guide plate 63 under the action of gravity, and under the guidance of the guide plate 63, it enters the opening 65 and is discharged from the machine body 14 in sequence through the discharge pipe 69 and the discharge outlet 67.

[0054] In this embodiment, the guide plate 63 can be a metal filter screen, which can ensure the normal flow of air generated by the exhaust fan 61 while also ensuring the guiding effect on debris.

[0055] See Figure 10 The stirring plate 41, rotating ring 72, cutting ring 51 and actuating ring 52 are all rotated relative to the machine body 14 by a driving mechanism 9. The driving mechanism 9 includes a rotating shaft 91, which is rotatably mounted on the machine body 14. A motor 92 is installed on the machine body 14 to drive the rotating shaft 91 to rotate relative to the machine body 14. The stirring plate 41, rotating ring 72, cutting ring 51 and actuating ring 52 are all connected to the rotating shaft 91 by a gear transmission mechanism 93.

[0056] The above description is merely illustrative of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not depart from the content of this specification or exceed the scope defined by the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation, characterized in that, include: A crushing device used to cut and crush straw; The first conveyor belt is used to transport straw into the crushing device; The second conveyor belt is used to transport the straw fragments inside the crushing device outwards; The crushing device is equipped with an air separator pipe inside its cavity. The cavity is divided into a crushing chamber and an air separator chamber from the inside out by the air separator pipe. Inside the crushing chamber, from top to bottom, there is a stirring mechanism for separating impurities from the straw and several cutting mechanisms for cutting and crushing the straw. Each cutting mechanism has several cutting cavities, and the number of cutting cavities in the same cutting mechanism decreases from top to bottom. The air separator pipe has several through holes for the impurities separated from the stirring mechanism to enter the air separator chamber. Inside the air separator chamber, there is an air separator mechanism for transporting the straw that enters through the through holes back to the stirring mechanism. The height of the top of the air separator pipe is higher than the height of the top of the first conveyor belt. The stirring mechanism includes a stirring plate and a guide plate. The stirring plate is rotatably connected to the body of the crushing device and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the body. The guide plate is funnel-shaped and the bottom end of the space it encloses is connected to the air separation chamber through a through hole. Several limiting units are evenly spaced along the circumference of the guide plate on the top surface of the guide plate. Several dropping openings for straw to fall into the cutting mechanism are opened between the limiting units at both ends of the guide plate. The cutting mechanism includes a cutting ring and a deflecting ring. Both the cutting ring and the deflecting ring are rotatably mounted on the machine body and driven by external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The cutting ring is provided with several cutting blades arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The machine body is provided with several flow-limiting units arranged at equal angles around its central axis. Each flow-limiting unit includes an upper baffle and a lower baffle. The upper baffle is located diagonally above the lower baffle, and both have limiting strips on their inner ends. There is a gap space between the inner ends of adjacent limiting strips for the cutting blades to pass through. The inner end of the limiting strip is provided with a cutting edge at its rear end on the moving trajectory of the cutting blade. The outer ends of adjacent upper and lower baffles of adjacent flow-limiting units are on the same vertical plane. A cutting cavity is formed between the upper baffle, the lower baffle, and the limiting strips. The deflecting ring is provided with several deflecting pieces arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The deflecting pieces are inclined relative to the deflecting ring. The deflecting pieces are located above the flow-limiting units, and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the upper baffle. The air separation mechanism includes an exhaust fan, and the air separation tube is a hollow structure with an open top and a closed bottom. The exhaust fan is fixedly connected to the cavity of the air separation tube. The top surface of the machine body is arc-shaped, and the through hole is located above the exhaust fan with a guide plate between them. The guide plate is inclined relative to the air separation tube and has several ventilation holes. An opening is opened at the bottom of the guide plate. An air inlet and an outlet for discharging debris are opened on the side of the machine body. The air inlet and the bottom of the air separation chamber are connected by an air inlet pipe, and the opening and the outlet are connected by an outlet pipe.

2. The pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the mixing plate is provided with a number of mixing rods arranged in concentric circles from the inside to the outside. The mixing rods on the same rotation trajectory are arranged at equal angles around the central axis of the mixing plate. The guide plate is fixedly connected to the machine body. The limiting unit includes a number of limiting plates arranged at equal intervals along the radial direction of the guide plate. There is a gap between adjacent limiting plates in the same limiting unit for the mixing rods to pass through. The rear end of the limiting plate located on the rotation trajectory of the mixing rod is sharp.

3. The pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flow-dividing mechanism is provided between the stirring mechanism and the cutting mechanism. The flow-dividing mechanism includes a flow-dividing plate and a rotating ring. The flow-dividing plate is fixedly connected to the machine body. The flow-dividing plate has several flow-dividing ports arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The rotating ring is rotatably connected to the machine body and is driven by an external force to rotate relative to the machine body. The rotating ring has several pushing plates arranged at equal angles around its central axis. The pushing plates are perpendicular to the rotating ring. The pushing plates are located above the flow-dividing plate and their bottom ends are on the same horizontal plane as the top surface of the flow-dividing plate.

4. The pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed inlet is provided at the connection between the machine body and the first conveyor belt. The height of the opening at the top of the air separator is higher than the height of the feed inlet, and a flip cover is provided on the feed inlet.

5. The pretreatment device for crop straw fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The machine body has a hopper inside the cavity for guiding and conveying the straw processed by the cutting mechanism to the second conveyor belt.

6. A processing method based on the pre-fermentation pretreatment device for crop straw according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Straw feeding. Bundles of straw are conveyed into the crushing device via the first conveyor belt. Step 2, Debris removal: The straw is dispersed by a stirring mechanism, so that the debris can be separated from the straw and enter the air separation chamber through the through hole from the crushing chamber. Step 3, graded cutting: multiple cutting mechanisms cut the straw, which has been processed by the mixing mechanism, into fragments, and then transport them to subsequent processing equipment or storage areas via a second conveyor belt.

7. The processing technology of the pre-fermentation treatment device for crop straw according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step two, the straw that enters the air separation chamber through the through hole is transported back to the mixing mechanism by the air separation mechanism.

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