Plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focus control

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control, it includes laser main body, upper end surface vertically provided with optical fiber channel, the optical fiber channel outside installation plasma generator;The laser main body side is connected with laser channel, and the lower end surface of the laser channel is vertically installed with collimating unit;The lower portion of the collimating assembly is installed with composite cutting head;The laser channel is provided with linearly distributed central channel and two side branch channels with inclined distribution, and a plurality of vertically distributed collimating cavities are correspondingly provided in the collimating unit;The galvanometer unit is arranged below the optical fiber channel in the laser main body;The collimating cavity is provided with focusing assembly;The laser beam can be switched to different focal length focusing lens channel instantaneously, and the focusing assembly only needs to make small range, fast vertical displacement fine adjustment to the selected lens, so as to accurately focus, and the focusing speed is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cutting technology, specifically a plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional plasma intelligent laser cutting heads typically employ a single-focal-length focusing lens or manual / semi-automatic focusing during the cutting process. When the material or thickness changes, the focal length needs to be dynamically adjusted. However, the focusing process is slow and cannot meet the requirements of high-speed cutting. Furthermore, relying solely on mechanical focusing can easily cause component wear, affecting subsequent accuracy and service life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control, comprising a laser body, an optical fiber channel vertically arranged on its upper end face, and a plasma generator installed outside the optical fiber channel;

[0004] A laser channel is connected to one side of the laser body, and a collimation unit is vertically installed on the lower end face of the laser channel;

[0005] A composite cutting head is installed below the collimation component;

[0006] The laser channel is provided with a straight central channel and two inclined side channels, and the collimation unit is provided with multiple vertically distributed collimation cavities, each of which is connected to the central channel and the side channels.

[0007] A galvanometer unit is located below the optical fiber channel inside the laser body.

[0008] Each collimation cavity is equipped with a focusing component.

[0009] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a sealing seat is installed at the end of the laser body, and the sealing seat is connected to the central channel and the side channel.

[0010] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the angle between the side channel and the central channel is 6°.

[0011] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the galvanometer unit includes a galvanometer base, which is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft. The upper end of the rotating shaft extends vertically into the laser body, and an optical reflector is installed at its end.

[0012] A galvanometer motor is installed below the galvanometer base, and the output shaft of the galvanometer motor is connected to the rotating shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a positioning ring is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft, and a limiting ring is slidably connected inside the galvanometer base below the positioning ring, with a support spring connected below the limiting ring;

[0014] The lower end face of the positioning ring is provided with multiple braking grooves, and the upper end face of the limiting ring is provided with multiple protrusions, which are in close contact with the braking grooves.

[0015] The included angle between adjacent brake grooves is equal to the included angle between the side channel and the center channel.

[0016] Furthermore, preferably, a tilt adjuster is mounted on the rotating shaft, and the optical reflector is fixed to the tilt adjuster;

[0017] The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the galvanometer motor, and a torsion spring is connected between them.

[0018] Two optical reflectors are also installed in the central channel and the side channels.

[0019] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the focusing assembly includes a focusing lens mount, which is slidably mounted in the collimation cavity, a focusing lens is installed in the focusing lens mount, and a connecting shaft is vertically fixed to its outer wall;

[0020] The collimation unit has a convex shaft rotatably connected to its side wall. The convex shaft has radially distributed straight slots, and the connecting shaft is slidably connected to the straight slots.

[0021] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the specifications of the focusing lenses in each of the collimating cavities are different;

[0022] A calibration spring is connected above the focusing lens mount.

[0023] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, the composite cutting head is provided with a nozzle hole corresponding to the collimation cavity.

[0024] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, a supplementary reflector is also provided on one side of the optical reflector, and the supplementary reflector and the optical reflector form a hinge-shaped structure.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] In this invention, the laser channel employs a centrally distributed central channel and symmetrically distributed side channels. After being reflected by the optical mirror in the galvanometer unit, the laser beam can pass through either the central channel or the side channel. The collimation unit contains collimation cavities corresponding to and connected to the central and side channels. Each collimation cavity is equipped with a focusing lens of different specifications and focal lengths, allowing the laser beam to pass through the corresponding focusing lens for laser cutting. During focusing in the plasma intelligent laser cutting head, the galvanometer unit is used to change the turning angle of the optical mirror to ensure the laser beam passes through the focusing lens with the corresponding focal length. Then, the focusing assembly adjusts the vertical displacement of the focusing lens, achieving rapid focusing. This allows the equipment to adapt more quickly to changes in processing parameters, especially in the processing of complex workpieces requiring frequent switching between different material thicknesses, types, or cutting processes (such as piercing and cutting). Furthermore, it improves the positioning accuracy of the final focusing position to a certain extent. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of the central channel and the side channels in this invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the galvanometer unit in this invention;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the focusing assembly in this invention;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the galvanometer unit in this invention;

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Laser body; 11. Fiber optic channel; 12. Composite cutting head; 13. Sealing seat; 2. Laser channel; 21. Central channel; 22. Side channel; 3. Galvanometer unit; 31. Galvanometer base; 32. Rotating shaft; 33. Optical mirror one; 34. Galvanometer motor; 35. Positioning ring; 36. Limiting ring; 37. Tilt adjuster; 38. Optical mirror two; 39. Complementary mirror; 4. Collimation unit; 41. Collimation cavity; 5. Focusing assembly; 51. Focusing lens mount; 52. Focusing lens; 53. Connecting shaft; 54. Convex shaft; 55. Calibration spring. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment of the invention, a plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control includes a laser body 1, on which an optical fiber channel 11 is vertically arranged on the upper end face, and a plasma generator is installed outside the optical fiber channel 11.

[0036] A laser channel 2 is connected to one side of the laser body 1, and a collimation unit 4 is vertically installed on the lower end face of the laser channel 2;

[0037] A composite cutting head 12 is installed below the collimation assembly 4; the laser beam in the plasma generator can enter the collimation unit 4 through the laser channel 2 and finally be emitted through the composite cutting head 12.

[0038] The laser channel 2 is provided with a straight central channel 21 and two inclined side channels 22. The collimation unit 4 is provided with a plurality of vertically distributed collimation cavities 41. Each collimation cavity 41 is connected to the central channel 21 and the side channels 22. The central channel 21 and the side channels 22 are used as channels for the laser beam to pass through, so that the laser can enter the straight cavity 41 in the collimation unit 4 from the corresponding channel.

[0039] A galvanometer unit 3 is disposed inside the laser body 1 below the optical fiber channel 11;

[0040] Each of the collimation cavities 41 is equipped with a focusing assembly 5.

[0041] In this embodiment, a sealing seat 13 is installed at the end of the laser body 1. The sealing seat 13 is connected to the central channel 21 and the side channel 22 to form a sealed channel structure.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the side channel 22 and the center channel 21 is 6°. It should be noted that the central axes of the side channel 22 and the center channel 21 both extend and intersect at the position of the galvanometer unit 3 of the laser body 1, so that the galvanometer unit 3 can be adjusted so that the laser beam enters the side channel 22 or the center channel 21 corresponding to the center.

[0043] In this embodiment, the galvanometer unit 3 includes a galvanometer base 31, which is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft 32. The upper end of the rotating shaft 32 extends vertically into the laser body 1, and an optical reflector 33 is installed at its end.

[0044] A galvanometer motor 34 is installed below the galvanometer base 31. The output shaft of the galvanometer motor 34 is connected to the rotating shaft 32. Therefore, when the galvanometer motor 34 is rotating, it can control the optical reflector 33 to rotate around the axis of the rotating shaft 32. At this time, the vertically emitted laser beam can turn with the optical reflector 33 and enter the side channel 22 or the central channel 21.

[0045] In this embodiment, a positioning ring 35 is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft 32, and a limiting ring 36 (which does not rotate) is slidably connected inside the galvanometer base 31 below the positioning ring 35. A support spring is connected below the limiting ring 36.

[0046] The lower end face of the positioning ring 35 is provided with multiple braking grooves, and the upper end face of the limiting ring 36 is provided with multiple protrusions, which are in close contact with the braking grooves.

[0047] The included angle between adjacent brake grooves is equal to the included angle between the side channel 22 and the center channel 21. With this configuration, when the positioning ring 35 on the rotating shaft 32 rotates, the brake groove on its surface disengages from the convex edge. At this time, the limiting ring 36 slides downward, supporting the compression of the spring. When the specified angle is reached, the convex edge engages with the corresponding brake groove, thereby ensuring high-precision locking of the steering angle so that the laser beam can enter the side channel 22 or the center channel 21 in the positive direction through the optical reflector 33 after adjustment.

[0048] In this embodiment, an angle adjuster 37 is installed on the rotating shaft 32, and the optical reflector 33 is fixed to the angle adjuster 37. The angle adjuster 37 is used to adjust the angle between the optical reflector 33 and the horizontal plane.

[0049] The rotating shaft 32 is rotatably sleeved with the output shaft of the galvanometer motor 34, and a torsion spring is connected between them. The deflection angle between the rotating shaft 32 and the output shaft of the galvanometer motor 34 is small (less than 4°), so that the limiting ring 36 and the positioning ring 35 will rotate relative to each other during the engagement process. This allows the convex edge to quickly engage with the brake groove. When the galvanometer motor 34 stops rotating, even if there is a certain rotation angle error in the output shaft, the convex edge can still fully engage with the brake groove, avoiding insufficient or excessive rotation angle caused by slight misalignment, and further ensuring the accuracy of calibration.

[0050] Optical reflectors 38 are also installed in the central channel 21 and the side channel 22.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the focusing assembly 5 includes a focusing lens mount 51, which is slidably mounted in the collimation cavity 41. A focusing lens 52 is installed in the focusing lens mount 51, and a connecting shaft 53 is vertically fixed to its outer wall.

[0052] The collimation unit 4 is rotatably connected to a convex shaft 54 ​​in the side wall. The convex shaft 54 ​​has radially distributed straight slots. The connecting shaft 53 is slidably connected to the straight slots. Therefore, when the convex shaft 54 ​​rotates to different angles, the connecting shaft 53 can slide with the straight slots to make the focusing lens mount 51 move up or down accordingly, thereby realizing the vertical adjustment of the focusing lens 52.

[0053] In this embodiment, the specifications of the focusing lenses 52 in each collimating cavity 41 are different, that is, the focal length of each focusing lens 52 is different. Therefore, the core advantage of this invention is that it can achieve instantaneous focusing by using different focusing lenses 52. Traditional laser cutting heads usually rely on the purely mechanical up-and-down movement of a single focusing lens to achieve focal length changes. This mechanical movement speed is limited, especially when a large range of focal length changes is required. This invention uses the galvanometer unit 3 to quickly change the beam path, and the laser beam can switch to focusing lenses 52 with different focal lengths in an instant. This is equivalent to completing most of the focal length changes instantly (jumping to near the target focal length). Subsequently, only a small range of rapid vertical displacement fine-tuning of the focusing lens 52 by rotating the convex shaft 54 ​​is needed to achieve precise focusing. The speed of optical switching is much higher than the speed of mechanically moving the entire lens group.

[0054] A calibration spring 55 is connected above the focusing lens mount 51.

[0055] In this embodiment, the composite cutting head 12 is provided with a nozzle hole corresponding to the collimation cavity 41.

[0056] A supplementary reflector 39 is also provided on one side of the optical reflector 33. The supplementary reflector 39 and the optical reflector 33 form a hinge structure. The supplementary reflector 39 can be used as a second optical reflector 33. When the plasma generator provides two vertical laser beams, the supplementary reflector 39 can emit the other laser beam to the vacant central channel 21 or side channel 22. At this time, both laser beams can be emitted through the composite cutting head 12 to achieve laser cutting. The two beams can work together to process complex contours.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control, characterized in that: It includes a laser body (1), with an optical fiber channel (11) vertically arranged on its upper surface, and a plasma generator installed outside the optical fiber channel (11); A laser channel (2) is connected to one side of the laser body (1), and a collimation unit (4) is vertically installed on the lower end face of the laser channel (2); A composite cutting head (12) is installed below the collimation unit (4); The laser channel (2) is provided with a straight central channel (21) and two inclined side channels (22) and the collimation unit (4) is provided with a plurality of vertically distributed collimation cavities (41), and each collimation cavity (41) is connected to the central channel (21) and the side channels (22). A galvanometer unit (3) is provided inside the laser body (1) below the optical fiber channel (11); Each of the collimation cavities (41) is equipped with a focusing assembly (5); The galvanometer unit (3) includes a galvanometer base (31), which is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft (32). The upper end of the rotating shaft (32) extends vertically into the laser body (1), and an optical reflector (33) is installed at its end. A galvanometer motor (34) is installed below the galvanometer base (31), and the output shaft of the galvanometer motor (34) is connected to the rotating shaft (32); A positioning ring (35) is coaxially fixed on the rotating shaft (32), and a limiting ring (36) is slidably connected inside the galvanometer base (31) below the positioning ring (35). A support spring is connected below the limiting ring (36). The lower end face of the positioning ring (35) is provided with multiple braking grooves, and the upper end face of the limiting ring (36) is provided with multiple protrusions, which are in close contact with the braking grooves. The included angle between adjacent brake grooves is equal to the included angle between the side channel (22) and the center channel (21); An angle adjuster (37) is installed on the rotating shaft (32), and the optical reflector (33) is fixed to the angle adjuster (37); The focusing assembly (5) includes a focusing lens mount (51), which is slidably installed in the collimation cavity (41). A focusing lens (52) is installed in the focusing lens mount (51), and a connecting shaft (53) is vertically fixed to its outer wall. The specifications of the focusing lens (52) in each collimation cavity (41) are different. The collimation unit (4) has a convex shaft (54) rotatably connected to its side wall. The convex shaft (54) has radially distributed straight slots, and the connecting shaft (53) is slidably connected to the straight slots.

2. The plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing seat (13) is installed at the end of the laser body (1), and the sealing seat (13) is connected to the central channel (21) and the side channel (22).

3. The plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the side channel (22) and the central channel (21) is 6°.

4. The plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (32) is rotatably connected to the output shaft of the galvanometer motor (34), and a torsion spring is connected between them; optical reflectors (38) are also provided in the central channel (21) and the side channel (22).

5. A plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: A calibration spring (55) is connected above the focusing lens mount (51).

6. A plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite cutting head (12) is provided with a nozzle hole corresponding to the collimation cavity (41).

7. A plasma intelligent laser cutting head with adaptive focusing control according to claim 1, characterized in that: A supplementary reflector (39) is also provided on one side of the optical reflector (33), and the supplementary reflector (39) and the optical reflector (33) form a hinge structure.

Images