A working cabin for underwater dangerous goods excavation

Abstract

A kind of working cabin for underwater dangerous goods excavation is composed of dangerous goods excavation operation ship buoyancy hull, underwater excavation working cabin, underwater excavation working cabin lifting device, underwater excavation working cabin lifting guide structure, compressed air pipeline, crane, underwater camera, internal pressure monitor, external water pressure monitor and other parts.The underwater dangerous goods excavation working cabin of the present application is installed on a self-propelled and self-positioning special working ship, and the underwater excavation working cabin is placed underwater by the underwater excavation cabin lifting device installed on the ship until the bottom of the underwater cabin contacts the river bottom.The compressed air system on the ship injects compressed air into the underwater cabin, and when the pressure of the compressed air is greater than the pressure outside the excavation cabin, the water in the underwater cabin can be pressed out of the excavation cabin, so that the river bottom in the coverage area of the excavation cabin is in a water-free state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of underwater excavation and transfer vessel design and construction, specifically relating to a working cabin for underwater dangerous goods excavation. Background Technology

[0002] While existing methods can achieve underwater excavation, the excavation efficiency is too low and the excavation cost is too high, resulting in the stagnation of underwater chemical hazardous materials excavation work.

[0003] However, these hazardous chemicals buried underground are likely to corrode and leak over time, becoming true "hidden bombs" that could endanger the safety of local people at any time.

[0004] How to accelerate the excavation process, reduce the excavation costs, and excavate these hazardous chemicals that could endanger people's safety from underwater in the shortest possible time has become a huge challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation, the technical solution of which is as follows: A working cabin for underwater excavation of hazardous materials has a buoyancy hull located on the water surface. A square moon pool with water flow is set in the center of the buoyancy hull. Lifting holes are set around the buoyancy hull, and lifting devices are fixed on the lifting holes. Positioning piles pass through the lifting holes and are movably connected to the buoyancy hull through the lifting devices.

[0006] A guide frame is erected above the moon pool, and the underwater excavation compartment is located between the guide frame and the moon pool. The underwater excavation compartment is divided into two parts: the upper part is a pressure regulating compartment, and the lower part is an excavation operation compartment. The excavation operation compartment has side and top bulkheads but no bottom plate. An internal air pressure monitor is installed inside the excavation operation compartment, and a water pressure monitor is installed outside. Three supporting guide columns are installed on the top of the underwater excavation compartment: a personnel passage column, a hazardous materials transport column, and a support column. The personnel passage column and the support column are located at the two ends of one long side of the excavation operation compartment, and the hazardous materials transport column is located at the center of the other long side of the excavation operation compartment.

[0007] The bottom of the personnel access column is connected to the pressure regulating chamber. A ladder is installed inside the personnel access column, extending from the top to the bottom and into the pressure regulating chamber. A ladder is also installed inside the excavation work compartment. The bottom of the hazardous materials transport column is connected to the excavation work compartment. A crane is installed on the deck at the top of the hazardous materials transport column. Multiple airtight operating manholes are installed inside the hazardous materials transport column.

[0008] A rack is installed along the height of the support guide column, and a matching gear is fixed on the guide frame. The underwater excavation cabin can move up and down through the moon pool and the guide frame through the cooperation of the rack and gear.

[0009] The buoyancy hull is equipped with an air compression system and an underwater chemical hazard scanning device. The air compression system is connected to the pressure regulating chamber and the excavation work chamber.

[0010] Furthermore, the aforementioned work cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation is further equipped with a generator power system, living quarters, and a control room on its buoyancy hull.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation further includes a lifting device consisting of a hydraulic cylinder and a pin. The hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the buoyancy hull, and the pin is connected to the pin hole on the positioning pile. By utilizing the extension, retraction, and pushing / pulling of the hydraulic cylinder, the positioning pile is lowered underwater and inserted into the riverbed mud.

[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned working cabin for underwater excavation of hazardous materials, the compressed air system has a compressed air pipeline that extends into the underwater excavation cabin to deliver compressed air generated by the air compressor to the underwater excavation cabin.

[0013] Furthermore, the aforementioned working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation is equipped with propulsion and positioning thrusters around its buoyancy hull.

[0014] Furthermore, in the aforementioned working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation, a manhole cover is provided between the bottom of the personnel passage pillar and the pressure regulating chamber, and a manhole cover is provided between the pressure regulating chamber and the excavation work cabin.

[0015] Furthermore, the aforementioned working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation is further provided with multiple cross braces between adjacent support guide columns.

[0016] The advantages of this invention are that, with the assistance of compressed air, the excavation work chamber achieves waterless excavation of the underwater excavation area, which facilitates the excavation of underwater chemical weapons and hazardous materials. Compared with conventional above-water cofferdam excavation, this invention is more convenient and flexible to operate; and because the underwater chamber can be reused, the excavation cost is lower.

[0017] Driven by a mobile device, the excavation work compartment can be moved forward, backward, left, and right within the moon pool area of ​​the excavator, increasing the excavation work area and greatly improving the efficiency of excavation operations after a single positioning. Because the excavation operation is performed under pressure, if hazardous materials leak due to corrosion during the excavation process, the pressure inside the compartment is greater than the internal pressure of the hazardous materials, preventing the hazardous gases from escaping and diffusing from the hazardous material's shell, thus improving safety during the excavation process.

[0018] To prevent the pressure inside the excavation chamber from being too much greater than the pressure outside, which could cause gas to leak out into the water and waste energy, a water pressure monitor is installed outside the excavation chamber to monitor the water pressure at different water depths. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the deck of the underwater hazardous materials excavation and transfer vessel of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the underwater hazardous materials excavation and transfer vessel of the present invention in a floating state; Figure 3 This is a side view of the underwater hazardous materials excavation and transfer vessel of the present invention after the floating positioning pile is inserted into the mud and the excavation chamber is lowered to the bottom of the water. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater excavation compartment and the moon pool area layout of the hull of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a top-down view of the excavation work cabin; Figure 6 This is a top-down view of the pressure regulating chamber; Figure 7 This is a typical elevation view of the underwater excavation compartment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a typical process for underwater excavation of hazardous materials according to the present invention; Among them, 1. Dangerous goods dredging vessel; 2. Underwater dredging compartment; 2-1. Dredging compartment; 2-2. Pressure regulating compartment; 2-3. Personnel access pillar; 2-4. Dangerous goods transport pillar; 2-5. Support pillar; 2-6. Horizontal bracing structure; 2-7. Rack and pinion; 2-8. Internal personnel ladder of pillar; 2-9. External personnel ladder of pillar; 2-10. Ladder to the dredging compartment; 2-11. Manhole cover to the dredging compartment; 2-12. Manhole cover to the pressure regulating compartment; 2-13. Pressure... Manhole cover for the pillar leading from the regulating compartment to the hazardous materials transport channel, 2-14; Manhole cover for the pillar leading from the excavation work compartment to the hazardous materials transport channel, 2-15; Inner manhole cover for the pillar of the hazardous materials transport channel, 2-16; Outer manhole cover for the pillar of the hazardous materials transport channel, 2-17; Outer manhole cover for the pillar of the personnel passage, 2-18; Airtight operating handhole, 3; Gear, 4; Guide frame, 5; Compressed air pipeline, 6; Crane, 7; Underwater camera, 8; Water pressure monitor, 9; Air pressure monitor, 10; Positioning stake, 11; Thruster. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] A working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation, such as Figures 1-8As shown, the underwater excavation compartment 2 and related facilities installed on the excavation compartment are hoisted and installed as a whole between the moon pool and the guide frame 4 of the excavation compartment.

[0022] Adjust the hydraulic cylinder and auxiliary system of the excavation work cabin lifting device to ensure a good fit between the hydraulic cylinder of the lifting device and the pin hole on the lifting guide plate structure on the underwater excavation cabin, so as to enable the underwater work cabin 2 to be lowered into the water from the moon pool area or retrieved from the water into the moon pool area of ​​the hull.

[0023] Connect and debug the compressed air pipeline 5 to the compressed air system of the excavator to ensure that the compressed air system can deliver compressed air to the excavation work chamber 2-1 and the pressure regulating chamber 2-2 through the compressed air pipeline 5.

[0024] After completing the above installation and commissioning work, the underwater hazardous materials excavation and transfer vessel can then proceed to relevant waters to conduct underwater hazardous materials detection work as needed, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the underwater hazardous materials excavation and transfer vessel floats on the water surface and can navigate freely on the water by propulsion and positioning thrusters.

[0025] When dangerous materials are found underwater or in the mud, the propulsion and positioning thrusters of the dredging and transfer vessel must be switched from navigation mode to positioning mode. The dredging and transfer vessel is positioned with the center of the dredging compartment 2 as the vessel positioning center and the location of the discovered dangerous materials as the reference center. The propulsion and positioning thrusters are used to slowly align the vessel positioning center with the reference center of the dangerous materials.

[0026] Start the positioning pile lifting device on the excavation and transfer vessel, and slowly lower the positioning pile into the water until the positioning pile is fully inserted into the underwater mud bed and the excavation vessel 1 is fixed on the water surface, ensuring that the vessel's movement will not be affected by waves during the excavation process.

[0027] The gears of the underwater excavation compartment are activated, and the compartment is slowly lowered into the water by the lifting device. The descent is temporarily stopped when the compartment is about to be lowered to the concrete surface.

[0028] By checking the water pressure at this location using the water pressure monitoring instrument 8 installed outside the excavation compartment, the air compressor and compressed air system on the excavation transfer vessel are started. The compressed air generated by the air compressor is transported to the lower excavation working compartment of the excavation compartment 2 through the compressed air pipeline 5. As the compressed air pressure increases, when the compressed air pressure is greater than the water pressure at this location, the water in the excavation compartment will be forced out of the excavation compartment from the bottom of the excavation compartment by the compressed air.

[0029] Reactivate the lifting device of the underwater excavation compartment 2, and slowly lower the underwater excavation compartment 2 to the underwater mud surface. Continue to lower the underwater excavation compartment 2 until the bottom of the side panel of the lower excavation work compartment of the underwater excavation compartment 2 is inserted into the mud. At this point, the lowering of the underwater excavation compartment 2 can be stopped.

[0030] During the lowering of the underwater excavation chamber 2 and throughout the entire excavation operation, the air compressor and compressed air system continuously pressurize and maintain the pressure inside the excavation chamber, ensuring that the excavation work chamber 2-1 remains water-free.

[0031] The camera 7 installed inside the underwater excavation chamber checks whether the bottom excavation work chamber of the underwater excavation chamber 2 is dry. If so, the excavation workers put on the appropriate equipment according to the previous excavation work and go down to the outside of the pressure regulating chamber through the manhole cover 2-17 on the top of the personnel passage pillar 2-3 of the excavation chamber and along the personnel ladder 2-8 installed inside the passage pillar.

[0032] Open the manhole cover 2-12 on the outside of the pressure regulating chamber, and the excavation operator can enter the pressure regulating chamber 2-2 to undergo high-pressure acclimatization before excavation.

[0033] Before acclimatizing in the pressure regulating chamber 2-2, the gas pressure inside the chamber is checked using the internal gas pressure monitor 9 installed at the bottom of the excavation work chamber 2-1. The operator then adjusts and acclimatizes to the pressure based on this value.

[0034] Once the excavation workers have completed pressure acclimatization and are ready to enter the excavation work chamber 2-1 to carry out excavation work, they will again check whether the environment inside the excavation work chamber meets the conditions for entering the chamber for work by using the camera 7 and the gas pressure monitor 9 installed inside the excavation work chamber 2-1.

[0035] If the conditions are met, the excavation workers can open the manhole cover 2-11 of the excavation work chamber 2-1 inside the pressure regulating chamber 2-2, and enter and descend to the work area through the manhole along the ladder 2-10 to excavate hazardous materials.

[0036] Once the hazardous materials are excavated and conditions are met for external transfer, first check whether the manhole cover 2-15 inside the hazardous materials transport channel pillar 2-4 is closed.

[0037] If the manhole cover 2-15 inside the hazardous materials transport channel pillar is closed, the manhole cover 2-14 leading from the excavation work compartment 2-1 to the hazardous materials transport channel pillar can be opened.

[0038] The excavated hazardous materials are placed in the hazardous materials transport channel, and then the manhole cover 2-14 on the column leading from the excavation work compartment to the hazardous materials transport channel is closed.

[0039] Inside the excavation work compartment, the manhole cover 2-15 in the hazardous materials transport passage is opened through the airtight operating manhole 2-18.

[0040] Climb to the top of the hazardous materials transport column 2-4 via the external personnel ladder 2-9 and open the external manhole cover 2-16 of the hazardous materials transport channel column.

[0041] A crane is installed on the deck at the top of the dangerous goods transport channel. External operators slowly lower the hook of crane 6 into the dangerous goods transport channel. When the hook is about to reach the dangerous goods placement position, the lowering of the hook is stopped.

[0042] Hook the hazardous material onto the hook of the crane 6 through the airtight manhole 2-18 and confirm the safety of the suspension.

[0043] Then, crane 6 is restarted to slowly lift the hazardous materials from the hazardous materials transport channel to the open deck of the excavator, where personnel on deck collect, store, or dispose of the hazardous materials.

[0044] Finally, inside the excavation work compartment, the manhole cover 2-15 inside the hazardous materials transport channel pillar is closed through the airtight operating manhole 2-18.

[0045] This completed the excavation and transfer of underwater hazardous materials.

[0046] After completing their excavation work, the workers in the excavation work compartment 2-1 need to open the manhole cover 2-11 for entering the excavation work compartment via ladder 2-10 before returning to the open deck.

[0047] Then enter the pressure regulating chamber 2-2. After entering the pressure regulating chamber, first close the manhole cover 2-11 for entering the excavation work chamber.

[0048] Pressure is regulated within the pressure regulating chamber by gradually reducing the pressure from high pressure to normal ambient pressure.

[0049] Once it is confirmed that the operator has fully adapted to the normal environmental pressure, the operator can open the manhole cover 2-12 leading to the personnel passage pillar in the pressure regulating chamber, and through the manhole cover to reach the internal personnel ladder 2-8. Then, the operator can go up the ladder to the top of the personnel passage pillar, open the manhole cover 2-17 at the top of the personnel passage pillar, and return to the open deck through the manhole.

[0050] Once the excavation operators return to the open deck, they can activate the vessel's lifting mechanism to raise the excavation work compartment from underwater into the vessel's moon pool.

[0051] This completed the excavation and removal of the underwater hazardous materials at that location.

Claims

1. A working cabin for underwater excavation of hazardous materials, characterized in that, There is a buoyancy vessel on the water surface. A square moon pool with water flow is set in the center of the buoyancy vessel. There are lifting holes around the buoyancy vessel. Lifting devices are fixed on the lifting holes. Positioning piles pass through the lifting holes and are movably connected to the buoyancy vessel through the lifting devices. The lifting device consists of a hydraulic cylinder and a pin. The hydraulic cylinder is installed on the buoyancy hull, and the pin is connected to the pin hole on the positioning pile. By using the extension, retraction and pushing / pulling of the hydraulic cylinder, the positioning pile is lowered into the water and inserted into the mud at the bottom of the river. A guide frame is erected above the moon pool, and the underwater excavation compartment is located between the guide frame and the moon pool. The underwater excavation compartment is divided into two parts: the upper part is a pressure regulating compartment, and the lower part is an excavation operation compartment. The excavation operation compartment has side and top bulkheads but no bottom plate. An internal air pressure monitor is installed inside the excavation operation compartment, and a water pressure monitor is installed outside. Three support guide columns are installed on the top of the underwater excavation compartment: a personnel passage column, a hazardous materials transport column, and a support column. The personnel passage column and the support column are located at the two ends of one long side of the excavation operation compartment, and the hazardous materials transport column is located at the center of the other long side of the excavation operation compartment. The bottom of the personnel passage column is connected to the pressure regulating chamber, and a manhole cover is installed between the bottom of the personnel passage column and the pressure regulating chamber. A manhole cover is also installed between the pressure regulating chamber and the excavation work chamber. A ladder is installed inside the personnel passage column, extending from the top of the personnel passage column to the bottom and into the pressure regulating chamber. A ladder is also installed inside the excavation work chamber. The bottom of the hazardous materials transport column is connected to the excavation work chamber. A crane is installed on the deck at the top of the hazardous materials transport column. Multiple airtight operating manholes are installed inside the hazardous materials transport column. A rack is installed along the height of the support guide column, and a matching gear is fixed on the guide frame. The underwater excavation cabin can move up and down through the moon pool and the guide frame through the cooperation of the rack and gear. The buoyancy hull is equipped with an air compression system and an underwater chemical hazard scanning device. The air compression system is connected to the pressure regulating chamber and the excavation work chamber. The compressed air pipeline (5) of the air compression system extends into the underwater excavation chamber to deliver the compressed air generated by the air compressor to the underwater excavation chamber.

2. The working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoyancy hull is also equipped with a generator power system, living quarters, and a control room.

3. The working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buoyancy vessel is equipped with propulsion and positioning thrusters around its hull.

4. A working cabin for underwater hazardous materials excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple cross braces are installed between adjacent support guide columns.

Images