An image source, head-up display, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides an image source, a head-up display and a vehicle, comprising a display module and a prism assembly, the display module comprising a plurality of pixel units; the prism assembly comprising a plurality of column prisms; a light beam emitted by the pixel units and emitted through the column prisms is an image light beam, the image light beam comprising a plurality of emitted rays, an acute angle between a projection of the emitted rays in a first plane and a third direction being a longitude angle, an acute angle between a projection of the emitted rays in a second plane and the third direction being a latitude angle; the emitted rays comprising zero-latitude rays and non-zero-latitude rays, the latitude angle of the zero-latitude rays being equal to 0°, the latitude angle of the non-zero-latitude rays being not equal to 0°, a spread angle of the image light beam at the position of the zero-latitude rays being greater than a spread angle of the same image light beam at the position of the non-zero-latitude rays; wherein the spread angle is a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of the longitude angle of the image light beam at the same latitude angle. The embodiment of the application realizes reduction of light ray crosstalk projected to an eyebox and improvement of display effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of display technology, and more particularly to an image source, a head-up display, and a carrier. Background Technology

[0002] A 3D head-up display (HUD) generates a 3D virtual image in front of the driver of a vehicle and provides the driver with various information by displaying information in the 3D virtual image.

[0003] However, current head-up displays suffer from light crosstalk degradation, resulting in poor display quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an image source, a head-up display and a carrier to reduce light crosstalk projected onto the eye box and improve the display effect.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an image source, including a display module and a prism assembly, wherein the display module includes a substrate and a plurality of pixel units, and the prism assembly is located on the side of the plurality of pixel units away from the substrate;

[0006] The prism assembly includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms, which are arranged along a first direction and extend along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate is the third direction.

[0007] The light beam emitted from the pixel unit and exiting through the prism is an image beam. The image beam includes multiple outgoing rays. The angle between the projection of the outgoing ray in the first plane and the acute angle of the third direction is the longitude angle. The angle between the projection of the outgoing ray in the second plane and the acute angle of the third direction is the latitude angle. The first plane is the plane determined by the first direction and the third direction, and the second plane is the plane determined by the second direction and the third direction.

[0008] The emitted light rays include zero-dimensional rays and non-zero-dimensional rays. The dimension angle of the zero-dimensional ray is equal to 0°, and the dimension angle of the non-zero-dimensional ray is not equal to 0°. The broadening angle of the image beam at the position of the zero-dimensional ray is greater than the broadening angle of the same image beam at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray. The broadening angle is the difference between the maximum and minimum longitude angles of the image beam at the same dimension angle.

[0009] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a head-up display including the image source described in the first aspect.

[0010] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a vehicle including the head-up display described in the second aspect;

[0011] The vehicle also includes an imaging component located in the transmission optical path of the image beam adjusted by a prism, for reflecting the image beam to the eye box.

[0012] This invention provides an image source where the broadening angle of the image beam at a zero-dimensional ray position is greater than that of the same image beam at a non-zero-dimensional ray position. The parallelism of the image beam when the dimensional angle φ is not 0° is better than that when the dimensional angle φ is 0°. The dimensional angle φ of the image beam when the image source emits light vertically is 0°. The dimensional angle φ of the image beam when the image source emits light at an angle includes non-zero-dimensional rays. When the image source emits light at an angle, at least non-zero-dimensional rays are projected onto the eyepiece. Therefore, the parallelism of the image source emitting light vertically is less than that emitting light at an angle, thereby reducing the broadening angle of the image beam at non-zero-dimensional ray positions, increasing the parallelism of the rays projected onto the eyepiece, reducing crosstalk of the rays projected onto the eyepiece, and improving the display effect. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an image source;

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the light path through a cylindrical prism under different viewing angles;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating how a user views an image source from a vertical perspective.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a cylindrical prism from a vertical perspective.

[0017] Figure 5 This is an illustration of a user viewing an image source from a tilted perspective.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a cylindrical prism from an oblique viewing angle.

[0019] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from an image beam of an image source;

[0020] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from an image beam of another image source;

[0021] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of an image beam;

[0022] Figure 10 This is a top view of a display module.

[0023] Figure 11This is a top view of another type of display module.

[0024] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from the first image beam of an image source;

[0025] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from the first image beam of another image source;

[0026] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another type of image beam;

[0027] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the optical path for another type of central ray;

[0028] Figure 16 This is a top-view structural diagram of an image source;

[0029] Figure 17 A top-view structural diagram of another image source;

[0030] Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from the first image beam of another image source;

[0031] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another type of image beam;

[0032] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another type of image beam;

[0033] Figure 21 The intensity distribution of multiple image beams as a function of longitude angle under the dimensional angle of the central ray;

[0034] Figure 22 This is a light intensity distribution map of multiple image beams as a function of longitude angle when the latitude angle is 0°.

[0035] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an image source;

[0036] Figure 24 A top-view structural diagram of another image source;

[0037] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a head-up display provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a head-up display provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an image source. Figure 1 The part indicated by the middle arrow shows the cross-sectional structure of the image source. (See reference) Figure 1 The image source includes a display module 100 and a prism assembly 200. The display module 100 includes a substrate 110 and a plurality of pixel units 120, with the prism assembly 200 located on the side of the plurality of pixel units 120 away from the substrate 110. The image source is used to generate a left-eye image beam and a right-eye image beam. The prism assembly 200 is located in the propagation path of the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam, and is used to split and project the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam. The prism assembly 200 is a beam-splitting element that deflects the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam in different directions, so as to project the left-eye image beam to the left eye and the right-eye image beam to the right eye.

[0042] The prism assembly 200 includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms 210, which are arranged along a first direction X and extend along a second direction Y. The first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, and the direction perpendicular to the plane containing the substrate 10 is the third direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z constitute a Cartesian coordinate system. Any two of the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the light path after light passes through a prism from different viewing angles. Figure 3 This is an illustration of how a user views an image source from a vertical perspective. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a prism from a vertical perspective. Figure 5 This is an illustration of a user viewing an image source from a tilted perspective. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a prism at an oblique angle. (Reference) Figures 2-6 From a vertical viewing angle, light ray L1 emerges along the third direction Z. From an oblique viewing angle, light ray L2 emerges along a direction that forms a certain angle with the third direction Z. Research has found that in related technologies, the radius of the prism 210 is generally chosen to ensure a high degree of parallelism of the vertically emitted light from the image source, thus satisfying the user's direct viewing needs.

[0044] However, when the image source is applied to a head-up display, the light rays in the eye box no longer correspond to the perpendicular emission of the image source. When viewed at an angle, due to focal length mismatch, the parallelism of the emitted light from the image source decreases, broadening in the first direction X, leading to increased crosstalk. Parallelism refers to the degree to which the rays in a beam of light are parallel to each other. Ideally, all rays in a beam of parallel light are strictly parallel, just as sunlight can be approximated as parallel light with a high degree of parallelism. However, in actual optical systems or light emitted by light sources, the parallelism of rays varies due to various factors. Emitting light parallelism refers to the parallelism of the emitted light rays.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the light rays emitted from an image beam of an image source, for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 7 The light beam emitted from pixel unit 120 and exiting through prism 210 is the image light beam 300. Figure 7 The image beam 300 emitted by a pixel unit 120 is illustrated in a fan-shaped area. The image beam 300 includes multiple outgoing rays S. The projection S' of the outgoing ray S in the first plane XOZ forms an acute angle with the third direction Z, which is a longitude angle θ. The projection S" of the outgoing ray S in the second plane YOZ forms an acute angle with the third direction Z, which is a latitude angle φ. The first plane XOZ is the plane determined by the first direction X and the third direction Z, and the second plane YOZ is the plane determined by the second direction Y and the third direction Z.

[0046] It is understandable that the prism 210 is a one-dimensional light-deflecting element. The prism 210 has a light-deflecting effect in the first plane XOZ, but not in the second plane YOZ. Ideally, if the pixel unit 120 is considered as a point light source, the spherical light emitted by the pixel unit 120, after passing through the prism 210, is focused in the first plane XOZ, but not in the second plane YOZ. Thus, a light is formed as shown... Figure 7The image beam 300 is shown in a fan-shaped pattern. In one example, at least two pixel units 120 can form the same fan-shaped image beam 300, that is, ideally, the image beams 300 of at least two pixel units 120 have the same longitude angle θ. At least two pixel units 120 can form image beams 300 with different fan-shaped patterns, that is, ideally, the image beams 300 of at least two pixel units 120 have different longitude angles θ. In actual products, multiple pixel units 120 can form multiple image beams 300 with different longitude angles θ. When the projection S' of the outgoing ray S in the first plane XOZ is directed towards the first direction X, the longitude angle θ is positive. When the projection S' of the outgoing ray S in the first plane XOZ is directed towards the opposite direction of the first direction X, the longitude angle θ is negative. When the projection S" of the outgoing ray S in the second plane YOZ is directed towards the second direction Y, the latitude angle φ is positive. When the projection S" of the outgoing ray S in the second plane YOZ is directed towards the opposite direction of the second direction Y, the latitude angle φ is negative.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of light rays emitted from an image beam of another image source. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of an image beam, referenced. Figures 7-9 In actual products, the parallelism of the emitted light will not reach the ideal state. Not all the emitted rays S in the same image beam 300 have the same longitude angle θ. All the emitted rays S in the same image beam 300 will occupy a certain range of longitude angles θ. The image beam 300 is no longer as... Figure 8 The fan-shaped surface shown is not a fan-shaped body, but a fan-shaped body with different thicknesses at various locations.

[0048] Figure 9 The horizontal axis represents the longitude angle θ, and the vertical axis represents the latitude angle φ. It can be understood that the longitude angle θ and the latitude angle φ constitute a two-dimensional angular space, and the direction of the outgoing ray S can be uniquely determined by the values ​​of the longitude angle θ and the latitude angle φ. (Reference) Figure 9 , Figure 9 The vertical lines in the middle represent 11 image beams 300.

[0049] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 The emitted ray S includes a zero-dimensional ray 410 and a non-zero-dimensional ray 420. The dimension angle φ of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is equal to 0°, while the dimension angle φ of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 is not equal to 0°. The broadening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420. Here, the broadening angle Δ is the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the longitude angle θ of the image beam 300 at the same dimension angle φ. Figure 9The width of the vertical lines. The widening angle Δ is also the thickness of the sector at a certain dimensional angle φ.

[0050] The larger the broadening angle Δ, the worse the parallelism of the image beam 300 under that dimension angle φ; the smaller the broadening angle Δ, the better the parallelism of the image beam 300 under that dimension angle φ. This embodiment of the invention provides an image source where the broadening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420. The parallelism of the image beam 300 under a dimension angle φ that is not 0° is better than the parallelism of the image beam 300 under a dimension angle φ that is 0°. The dimension angle φ of the image beam 300 when the image source emits light vertically is 0°. The dimension angle φ of the image beam 300 when the image source emits light at an angle includes the non-zero-dimensional ray 420. When the image source emits light at an angle, at least the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 is projected onto the eyepiece. Therefore, the parallelism of the vertical light emitted from the image source is less than that of the tilted light emitted from the image source, so as to reduce the broadening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the non-zero dimension light ray 420 position, improve the parallelism of the light ray projected from the image beam 300 into the eye box, reduce the crosstalk of the light ray projected into the eye box, and improve the display effect.

[0051] For example, pixel unit 120 includes a plurality of sub-pixels. In a typical example, the plurality of sub-pixels in the same pixel unit 120 include a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel is used to emit red light, the green sub-pixel is used to emit green light, and the blue sub-pixel is used to emit blue light.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a top view schematic diagram of a display module, for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 10 Pixel unit 120 includes a first pixel unit 121, which is located at the center of display module 100. Specifically, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the center of the display area of ​​display module 100. When the display area of ​​display module 100 is a symmetrical shape, such as a rectangle or a circle, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the geometric center of the display area of ​​display module 100.

[0053] The display module 100 includes pixel units 120 arranged in M ​​rows and N columns. Each pixel unit 120 includes a first pixel unit 121. When M is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the [missing information]. When M is even, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the row. row or number Line. When N is odd, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the... When N is an even number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the column. row or number List.

[0054] As an example, see reference Figure 10 M = 15, N = 15, M is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row, N is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th column. Therefore, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row and 8th column.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a top view diagram of another display module, for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 11 Let M = 15 and N = 14. If M is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row. If N is an even number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 7th column, or in the 8th column. Therefore, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row and 7th column, or in the 8th row and 8th column. That is, the pixel unit 120 located in the 8th row and 7th column or the 8th row and 8th column can be used as the first pixel unit 121.

[0056] It should be noted that, Figure 10 and Figure 11 The dotted lines are used to help indicate the center of the display module 100, and are not structural elements in the display module 100.

[0057] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the emitted light rays in the first image beam of an image source, for reference. Figure 7 , Figures 10-12 The image beam 300 emitted by the first pixel unit 121 is the first image beam 310. The non-zero dimension rays 420 in the first image beam 310 include a central ray F1, which images onto the geometric center of the eye box. The eye box is the area of ​​the eyeball from which the user can see the complete image. In one example, the eye box is rectangular, and its geometric center is the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. In another example, the eye box is circular, and its geometric center is the center of the circle.

[0058] After the central ray F1 is emitted from the image source, it may pass through at least one reflective surface before being imaged at the geometric center of the eyepiece. Typically, the central ray F1 must be reflected by at least the windshield to be imaged at the geometric center of the eyepiece. Furthermore, at least one dimming component can be placed between the image source and the windshield in the optical path. Dimming components will be discussed later when we talk about head-up displays.

[0059] The image observed by the user is distributed within a certain range centered on the geometric center of the eye box. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 includes a central ray F1, and the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1. This reduces the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1, improves the parallelism of the light projected from the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reduces crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improves the display effect.

[0060] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The longitude angle of the central ray F1 is θ. mid The longitude angle of the outgoing light ray S emitted by multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is denoted as θ. 11 θ 11 Greater than or equal to (θ) mid -10°), and less than or equal to (θ) mid +10°). θ 11 Represents θ mid The longitude angle within a range of ±10°. Thus, for a longitude angle with θ... mid The image beam 300, with a longitude angle within a range of ±10°, satisfies the following condition: the broadening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the zero-dimensional ray 410 position is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 position. In the actual product, the longitude angle of the outgoing ray S corresponding to the eye box is θ. mid Within a certain range nearby.

[0061] In another embodiment, the longitude angle of the outgoing light rays S emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is denoted as θ. 12 θ 12 Greater than or equal to (θ) mid -5°), and less than or equal to (θ) mid +5°). θ 12 Represents θ mid The longitude angle within a range of ±5°. Thus, for a longitude angle with θ... mid The image beam 300 within a longitude range of ±5° satisfies the following condition: the broadening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the zero-dimensional ray 410 position is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 position.

[0062] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The dimensional angle of the central ray F1 is φ. mid The dimension angle of the non-zero dimension light rays 420 emitted by multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is denoted as φ. 11 , φ11 Greater than or equal to (φ) mid -5°), and less than or equal to (φ) mid +5°), φ mid Greater than 5°. φ 11 Represents φ mid The dimensional angle is within a range of ±5°. It can be understood that the prism 210 is a one-dimensional light-deflecting element; the prism 210 has no light-deflecting effect within the second plane YOZ, and the dimensional angle distribution of the image beam 300 is within the range of -90° to 90°. However, in one example, φ... mid Rays S emitted within a dimensional angle of ±5° are projected into the eye box and can be observed by the user. φ mid Rays S emitted from angular dimensions outside the plus or minus 5° range can be projected entirely into the eye box, or partially into the eye box and partially out of the eye box. Rays S projected out of the eye box cannot be observed by the user.

[0063] In other embodiments, the emitted light rays S projected onto the eye box may also have other longitude and latitude angular distributions. For example, Figure 9 The longitude and latitude angular distributions shown in the first region 510 of the two-dimensional angular space, or Figure 9 The longitude and latitude angular distributions are shown in the second region 520 of the two-dimensional angular space.

[0064] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the light rays emitted from the first image beam of another image source. Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam, referenced. Figures 12-14 The dimensional angle of the central ray F1 is φ. mid The non-zero dimension ray 420 in the first image beam 310 also includes a first ray 421, the dimension angle of the first ray 421 being φ1, and φ1 and φ mid They are not equal. The broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first ray 421 is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1. Compared with the first ray 421, the broadening angle Δ at the position of the central ray F1 is smaller, thereby reducing the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1, improving the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing light crosstalk projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0065] For example, the longitude angle of the first ray 421 is θ1, and θ1 can be equal to θ mid Alternatively, since the outgoing light rays S form a fan-shaped body, which is not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ1 may not be equal to θ. mid .

[0066] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of another type of central ray. Figure 16 This is a top-view structural diagram of an image source, for reference. Figures 12-16 Multiple pixel units 120 are arranged in an array along the fourth direction U and the fifth direction V. The projection of the central ray F1 onto the third plane VOZ forms an acute angle α with the third direction Z. The third plane VOZ is the plane determined by the fifth direction V and the third direction Z. The angle between the first direction X and the fourth direction U is β. In one embodiment, the fourth direction U and the fifth direction V are perpendicular, and the angle between the second direction Y and the fifth direction V is also β. The longitude angle of the central ray F1 is θ. mid , satisfying: θ mid = -arctan(sinβtanα). In this embodiment of the invention, the longitude angle θ of the central ray F1 can be obtained based on the values ​​of α and β. mid Thus, the first image beam 310 containing the central ray F1 is first obtained.

[0067] For example, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 When β is not equal to 0°, the prism 210 is tilted relative to the arrangement direction of the multiple pixel units 120. The image source in the head-up display emits light at an angle, where α is not equal to 0°. With vertical light emission, ambient light (such as sunlight) may be directly reflected into the eye box, causing glare. Tilted light emission reduces the intersection of ambient light and the display light path, improving image contrast.

[0068] Furthermore, in obtaining the longitude angle θ of the central ray F1... mid Based on this, when β is not equal to 0°, it can be determined using the formula Obtain the dimension angle φ of the central ray F1 mid Understandably, such as Figure 12 As shown, under ideal conditions, the first image beam 310 where the central ray F1 is located is first obtained, and then an outgoing ray S that meets the conditions is found in the first image beam 310 as the central ray F1.

[0069] Optionally, 10°≤β≤20°. The cylindrical prism 210 is tilted 10° to 20° relative to the arrangement direction of the plurality of pixel units 120 to reduce the moiré fringes generated by the arrangement array of pixel units 120 and the prism assembly 200.

[0070] Figure 17 This is a top-view structural diagram of another image source, for reference. Figure 17 The prism 210 is positioned along the arrangement direction of the multiple pixel units 120. β equals 0°, formula θ mid = -arctan(sinβtanα) also applies when β equals 0°, θ midIt equals 0°. Correspondingly, φ mid = α. In this embodiment of the invention, the dimension angle φ of the central ray F1 can be obtained based on the value of α. mid .

[0071] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the light rays emitted from the first image beam of another image source. Figure 19 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam, referenced. Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 18 and Figure 19 The non-zero dimension ray 420 in the first image beam 310 also includes a second ray 422, the dimension angle of the second ray 422 being φ2. mid Given that φ1 > φ2 > 0, the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the second ray 422 position is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the first ray 421 position. The broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the first ray 421 position is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the center ray F1 position. Compared to the first ray 421 and the second ray 422, the broadening angle Δ at the center ray F1 position is smaller, thereby reducing the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the center ray F1 position, improving the parallelism of the light projected from the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0072] Prism 210 is a one-dimensional light-deflecting element. Prism 210 has no light-deflecting effect within the second plane YOZ, and the angular distribution of the image beam 300 is within the range of -90° to 90°. The distribution of the image beam 300 in angular dimensions greater than 0° is symmetrical to the distribution of the image beam 300 in angular dimensions less than 0°. Figure 19 As shown, the image beam 300, indicated by vertical lines, is symmetrical about the straight line φ = 0°. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly contains errors. It's unclear what the intended meaning is.) mid The situation is similar when >φ1>φ2>0°, in φ mid When <φ1<φ2<0°, the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the second ray 422 is greater than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first ray 421.

[0073] refer to Figure 12 , Figure 13 , Figure 18 and Figure 19 The dimensional angle is from φ = 0° towards φ midIn the direction of the first image beam 310, the broadening angle Δ gradually decreases. The broadening angle Δ at the position of the central ray F1 is the smallest, so as to reduce the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1, improve the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reduce the crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improve the display effect.

[0074] For example, the longitude angle of the second ray 422 is θ2, which can be equal to θ mid Alternatively, since the outgoing light rays S form a fan-shaped body, which is not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ2 may not be equal to θ. mid θ2 can be equal to θ1, or, since the outgoing light rays S are distributed to form a fan-shaped body, which is not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ2 may not be equal to θ1.

[0075] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The longitude angle of the outgoing light ray S emitted by the multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to -15.5° and less than or equal to 3.5°. And / or, the dimensional angle of the non-zero dimension light ray 420 emitted by the multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 25°.

[0076] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The longitude angle of the outgoing light ray S emitted by multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is denoted as θ. 11 -15.5°≤θ 11 ≤3.5°. The dimensional angle of the non-zero dimensional light rays 420 emitted by multiple pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is denoted as φ. 11 , 17°≤φ 11 ≤25°. The outgoing light rays S covering the eye box are distributed around the central ray F1. In one example, the longitude angle θ of the central ray F1 is... mid The dimensional angle φ of the central ray F1 is -6°. mid The longitude angle of the emitted ray S from the eyepiece is 21°. mid Within a range of ±9.5°, the angular distribution of the emitted ray S from the eyepiece is φ. mid Within a range of ±4°.

[0077] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another type of image beam. Figure 20 The dashed lines in the diagram are used to illustrate the angle φ in the same dimension. (Reference) Figure 16 and Figure 20Pixel unit 120 includes second pixel unit 122, and the image beam 300 emitted by second pixel unit 122 is second image beam 320. The broadening angle Δ of first image beam 310 in the first dimension angle is different from the broadening angle Δ of second image beam 320 in the first dimension angle.

[0078] For example, the first dimension angle can be equal to 0°, so the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is different from the broadening angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410. The first dimension angle can also be non-equal to 0°, so the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 is different from the broadening angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420.

[0079] For example, pixel unit 120 includes third pixel unit 123, and the image beam 300 emitted by third pixel unit 123 is third image beam 330. The broadening angle Δ of first image beam 310 in the first dimension angle is different from the broadening angle Δ of second image beam 320 in the first dimension angle, and is also different from the broadening angle Δ of third image beam 330 in the first dimension angle.

[0080] Optionally, refer to Figure 16 and Figure 20 The longitude angle of the central ray F1 is θ. mid The dimensional angle of the central ray F1 is φ. mid The first dimension angle is φ. mid The second image beam 320, with a non-zero dimension ray 420 at the first dimension angle, includes a third ray 423, the longitude angle of which is θ3; θ mid It is not equal to θ3. In, for example... Figure 20 In the example shown, θ mid Both θ and θ3 are negative, θ mid The broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the central ray F1 position is less than θ3. The broadening angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the third ray F1 position is smaller than that of the second image beam 320 at the third ray F1 position. Compared to the second image beam 320, the broadening angle Δ at the central ray F1 position is smaller at the same dimensional angle, thereby reducing the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the central ray F1 position, improving the parallelism of the light projected from the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0081] For example, compared to other image beams 300, the broadening angle Δ at the position of the central ray F1 is smaller at the same dimensional angle. That is, the broadening angle Δ at the position of the central ray F1 is the smallest, so as to reduce the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1.

[0082] For example, refer to Figure 16 and Figure 20 The first dimension angle is φ2. The non-zero dimension ray 420 of the third image beam 330 under the first dimension angle includes a fourth ray 424, the longitude angle of the fourth ray 424 is θ4; θ2 and θ4 are not equal. The broadening angle Δ of the third image beam 330 at the position of the fourth ray 424 is smaller than the broadening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the second ray 422.

[0083] Figure 21 This is a light intensity distribution map of multiple image beams varying with longitude angle under the dimensional angle of the central ray. Figure 22 This is a light intensity distribution map of multiple image beams varying with longitude angle at a latitude angle of 0°, for reference. Figure 21 and Figure 22 The horizontal axis represents the longitude angle θ, and the vertical axis represents the light intensity. For the second to fifth image beams, the broadening angle Δ of the image beam at a longitude angle of 0° is greater than that of the same image beam 30° at a longitude angle of φ. mid The broadening angle Δ is defined as the full width of the peak, i.e. Figure 21 and Figure 22 The width formed by the intersection of the pulse waveform and the horizontal axis. In other embodiments, the broadening angle Δ can also be defined as the full width at half maximum (FWHM), i.e. Figure 21 and Figure 22 The width of the pulse waveform at half the peak value of the pulse waveform.

[0084] For example, for the first image beam, the broadening angle Δ of the image beam at a dimension angle of 0° is smaller than that of the same image beam 300 at a dimension angle of φ. mid The broadening angle Δ at the time. In this exemplary embodiment, not all image beams satisfy the broadening angle Δ of the image beam at a dimension angle of 0°, which is greater than that of the same image beam 300 at a dimension angle of φ. mid The widening angle Δ at that time.

[0085] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an image source, for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 23 The prism 210 includes a cylindrical surface 211, which is curved and serves as the functional surface of the prism 210 for deflecting light rays. The radius of the arc length of the cylindrical surface 211 is R. Along the third direction Z, the minimum distance between the cylindrical surface 211 and the pixel unit 120 is h. The average refractive index of the image source is n, simplifying the multi-layered structure in the image source to an approximation of a homogeneous medium, emphasizing the overall influence of the image source on light wave propagation. It satisfies: Where K > 1.

[0086] In related technologies, the arc length radius R is generally chosen to ensure a high degree of parallelism in the vertical light emitted from the image source, thus satisfying the user's direct viewing needs. The arc length radius R satisfies: In this case, the focal length of the cylindrical prism 210 is equal to h.

[0087] In this embodiment of the invention, Where K > 1, the focal length of prism 210 is greater than h, and prism 210 is in a defocused state. This adapts to scenarios where the user views from an angled perspective. Therefore, by designing the arc length radius R of the cylindrical surface 211 in prism 210, the broadening angle Δ of image beam 300 at the zero-dimensional ray 410 position is made greater than the broadening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 position.

[0088] In one example, the average refractive index n of the image source is obtained by a thickness-weighted averaging method. n = (n1*d1 + n2*d2 + ... + nk*dk) / (d1 + d2 + ... + dk), where n1, n2, ..., nk are the refractive indices of each film layer in the image source, including the prism 210. d1, d2, ..., dk are the physical thicknesses of each film layer in the image source along the direction of light propagation.

[0089] Furthermore, K < 2, therefore 1 < K < 2. The coefficient K has a qualitative relationship with the acute angle α between the projection of the central ray F1 onto the third plane VOZ and the third direction Z. The larger α is, the more oblique the central ray needs to be, and the greater the required defocusing amount, thus making K larger. If K is too large, it means α is very large, and viewing the image projected from the image source and ultimately imaged onto the eyepiece at near-incident angles will cause image distortion. In this embodiment of the invention, K < 2, reducing or even avoiding distortion of the image projected from the image source.

[0090] Alternatively, K = 1.2,

[0091] For example, when h is 1000 μm, the arc radius R in related technologies is approximately 330 μm. The image source exhibits high parallelism in vertical light emission. Using... In its design, the arc radius R was approximately 400 μm. The parallelism of the light emitted from the tilted image source is high, and the broadening angle Δ at the central ray F1 position is minimized.

[0092] Optionally, refer to Figure 23 Cylindrical surface 211 is the surface of prism 210 away from substrate 110. Cylindrical surface 211 is the surface of prism 210 that protrudes towards the light-emitting side of image source.

[0093] For example, refer to Figure 23Between the cylindrical prism 210 and the pixel unit 120, the image source may also include at least one of the following structures: color resist, polarizer, prism adhesive, prism substrate, etc.

[0094] The outgoing ray S entering the geometric center of the eye box includes the central ray F1. Besides the central ray F1, other outgoing ray S may also be included. It is understood that the display module 100 includes multiple pixel units 120. Multiple outgoing ray S emitted by these pixel units 120 all enter the geometric center of the eye box. The outgoing ray S emitted by the pixel unit 120 and imaged at the geometric center of the eye box is called the eye box central ray. Therefore, the central ray F1 is one of the multiple eye box central rays. Different eye box central rays can have different tilt angles, i.e., different eye box central rays have different longitude angles θ and / or different dimensional angles φ. Research has found that the same arc length radius R cannot guarantee the parallelism of the outgoing light at all positions, leading to crosstalk degradation at some locations and affecting the display effect.

[0095] Figure 24 This is a top-view structural diagram of another image source, for reference. Figure 24 The display module 100 includes a first display area 521 and a second display area 522. The arc radius of the prism 210 corresponding to the first display area 521 is R1, and the arc radius of the prism 210 corresponding to the second display area 522 is R2. Wherein, R1≠R2. Unlike related technologies where the prism 210 has the same radius at all positions, this embodiment of the invention features a differentiated arc radius design for the prism 210 corresponding to different light-emitting positions to improve the parallelism of the emitted light beam S at different light-emitting positions, thereby improving the display effect. The prism 210 corresponding to the first display area 521 refers to the portion of the prism 210 covering the first display area 521, and the prism 210 corresponding to the second display area 522 refers to the portion of the prism 210 covering the second display area 522.

[0096] For example, refer to Figure 24 The display module 100 also includes a third display area 523, which is located between the first display area 521 and the second display area 522. The arc radius of the prism 210 corresponding to the third display area 523 is R3.

[0097] In some embodiments, R3 < R1, R3 < R2 can be set, and the morphology of the cylindrical prism 210 is smaller at the center and larger at both sides.

[0098] In some embodiments, R3 < R1 can be set only, and the size of R3 and R2 is not limited. It can also be reasonably adjusted according to the position of the third display area 523 and the second display area 522 and the light emission angle of the emitted light S, so that the emitted light S has a consistent light emission parallelism in the longitudinal extension direction of the prism 210.

[0099] In some embodiments, R3 < R2 can be set, and the size of R3 and R1 is not limited. It can also be reasonably adjusted according to the position of the third display area 523 and the first display area 521 and the light emission angle of the emitted light S, so that the emitted light S has a consistent light emission parallelism in the longitudinal extension direction of the prism 210, thereby improving the problem of light crosstalk.

[0100] In some embodiments, the arc radius of the prism 210 in its longitudinal extension direction can be set to gradually increase, i.e., R1 < R3 < R2, or the arc radius of the prism 210 in its longitudinal extension direction can be set to gradually decrease, i.e., R2 < R3 < R1. With this configuration, the arc radius of the prism 210 has different sizes at different light-emitting positions in the display module 100, which is beneficial for ensuring consistent light-emitting parallelism of the emitted light S in the longitudinal extension direction of the prism 210, thus improving the problem of light crosstalk.

[0101] This invention also provides a head-up display. Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a head-up display provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 25 As shown, the head-up display 610 includes an image source 620 provided in any embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] For example, continue to refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 25 The head-up display 610 may also include at least one dimming component, which is located in the optical path of the image beam 300 emitted from the display module 100. The dimming component is used to adjust the propagation direction of the image beam 300.

[0103] As an example, at least one dimming component includes a plane mirror 630 and a curved mirror 640. The light emitted from the image source 620 can be reflected by the plane mirror 630 and the curved mirror 640 and transmitted to the imaging component 650. The imaging component 650 can reflect part of the light into the eye box and form a virtual image on the other side of the imaging component 650, so that the driver can clearly see the key information of the vehicle without taking his eyes off the road, and can understand the key information such as the vehicle's operating status, navigation guidance and safety warnings in a timely manner, so as to make corresponding driving decisions and operations.

[0104] The head-up display provided in this embodiment of the invention can be Figure 25The vehicle head-up display 610 shown can also be any other product with head-up display functionality, including but not limited to the following categories: eyeglass head-up displays, mobile phone head-up displays, home head-up displays, aircraft head-up displays, workshop head-up displays, etc. The embodiments of the present invention do not make any special limitations on this.

[0105] Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a head-up display provided in an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to... Figure 1 , Figure 7 , Figures 25-27 The carrier includes the head-up display 610 in the above embodiments. The carrier also includes an imaging component 650, which is located in the transmission optical path of the image beam 300 adjusted by the prism 210, and is used to reflect the image beam 300 to the eye box 660.

[0106] The imaging component 50 can be the windshield of the vehicle; in other embodiments, the imaging component 50 can also be a separately installed display screen. The vehicle can be, for example, a car, an airplane, or a ship.

[0107] The light emitted by the head-up display 610 is reflected by the imaging component 50 to the eye box 660. The user's left and right eyes can see virtual images of image beams at different exit angles on the first parallax image plane M1 and the second parallax image plane M2, respectively. Due to parallax, the user sees a 3D-like virtual image on the third parallax image plane M3. Here, 3D-H refers to the 3D depth of the 3D-like virtual image.

[0108] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An image source, characterized in that, The device includes a display module and a prism assembly. The display module includes a substrate and a plurality of pixel units, and the prism assembly is located on the side of the plurality of pixel units away from the substrate. The prism assembly includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms, which are arranged along a first direction and extend along a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate is the third direction. The light beam emitted from the pixel unit and exiting through the prism is an image beam. The image beam includes multiple outgoing rays. The angle between the projection of the outgoing ray in the first plane and the acute angle of the third direction is the longitude angle. The angle between the projection of the outgoing ray in the second plane and the acute angle of the third direction is the latitude angle. The first plane is the plane determined by the first direction and the third direction, and the second plane is the plane determined by the second direction and the third direction. The emitted light rays include zero-dimensional rays and non-zero-dimensional rays. The dimension angle of the zero-dimensional ray is equal to 0°, and the dimension angle of the non-zero-dimensional ray is not equal to 0°. The broadening angle of the image beam at the position of the zero-dimensional ray is greater than the broadening angle of the same image beam at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray. The broadening angle is the difference between the maximum and minimum longitude angles of the image beam at the same dimension angle.

2. The image source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pixel unit includes a first pixel unit, which is located at the center of the display module; The image beam emitted by the first pixel unit is a first image beam, and the non-zero dimension light rays in the first image beam include a central ray, which is imaged at the geometric center of the eye box.

3. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The longitude angle of the central ray is θ. mid The longitude angle of the emitted light rays from the plurality of pixel units and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to (θ). mid -10°), and less than or equal to (θ) mid +10°).

4. The image source according to claim 3, characterized in that, The longitude angle of the outgoing light rays emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to (θ). mid -5°), and less than or equal to (θ) mid +5°).

5. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dimensional angle of the central ray is φ. mid The dimension angle of the non-zero dimension light rays emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to (φ). mid -5°), and less than or equal to (φ) mid +5°), φ mid Greater than 5°.

6. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dimensional angle of the central ray is φ. mid The non-zero dimension ray in the first image beam also includes a first ray, the dimension angle of the first ray being φ1, and φ1 and φ mid They are not equal; The broadening angle of the first image beam at the first ray position is greater than the broadening angle of the first image beam at the center ray position.

7. The image source according to claim 6, characterized in that, The plurality of said pixel units are arranged in an array along the fourth and fifth directions; The projection of the central ray onto the third plane forms an acute angle α with the third direction. The third plane is the plane determined by the fifth direction and the third direction. The angle between the first direction and the fourth direction is β. The longitude angle of the central ray is θ. mid ,satisfy: i mid =-arctan(sinβtanα).

8. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that, β is not equal to 0°.

9. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that, 10°≤β≤20°。 10. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that, β equals 0°, θ mid Equal to 0° f mid = a.

11. The image source according to claim 6, characterized in that, The non-zero dimension ray in the first image beam also includes a second ray, the second ray having a dimension angle of φ2. mid >φ1>φ2>0°, or φ mid <φ1<φ2<0°; The broadening angle of the first image beam at the second ray position is greater than the broadening angle of the first image beam at the first ray position.

12. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The longitude angle of the emitted light rays from the plurality of pixel units and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to -15.5° and less than or equal to 3.5°; and / or, The dimensional angle of the emitted light rays emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 25°.

13. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pixel unit includes a second pixel unit, and the image beam emitted by the second pixel unit is a second image beam; The broadening angle of the first image beam in the first dimension angle is different from the broadening angle of the second image beam in the first dimension angle.

14. The image source according to claim 13, characterized in that, The longitude angle of the central ray is θ. mid The dimensional angle of the central ray is φ. mid ; The first dimension angle is φ mid ; The non-zero dimensional ray of the second image beam at the first dimensional angle includes a third ray, the longitude angle of which is θ3; θ mid Not equal to θ3; The broadening angle of the first image beam at the central ray position is smaller than the broadening angle of the second image beam at the third ray position.

15. The image source according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prism includes a cylindrical surface with an arc radius of R; along the third direction, the minimum distance between the cylindrical surface and the pixel unit is h, and the average refractive index of the image source is n, satisfying: Where K >

1.

16. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that, K＜2。 17. The image source according to claim 16, characterized in that, K＝1.2。 18. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that, The cylindrical surface is the surface of the cylindrical prism on the side away from the substrate.

19. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that, The display module includes a first area and a second area. The arc radius of the prism corresponding to the first area is R1, and the arc radius of the prism corresponding to the second area is R2; wherein, R1≠R2.

20. A head-up display, characterized in that, Includes the image source as described in any one of claims 1-19.

21. The head-up display according to claim 20, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one dimming component is located in the optical path of the image beam emitted from the display module, and is used to adjust the propagation direction of the image beam.

22. A vehicle, characterized in that, Including the head-up display as described in claim 20 or 21; The vehicle also includes an imaging component located in the transmission optical path of the image beam adjusted by the prism, for reflecting the image beam to the eye box.

Images