Metal capsule, integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting metal and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a metal capsule, an integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting-point metal, and their applications. This system utilizes the deformability, thermal responsiveness, and electrocapillary effect of low-melting-point metal to achieve integrated multi-step operations from DNA synthesis and encapsulation to decapsulation. It not only overcomes the problems of low storage density and complex data transfer in existing technologies but also possesses the following characteristics: using low-melting-point metal foam as a carrier for DNA synthesis and storage, providing high specific surface area and excellent molecular binding ability; achieving rapid in-situ encapsulation of DNA through metal phase transition, forming a metal capsule with high airtightness and optical protection; utilizing the electrocapillary effect of low-melting-point metal to achieve rapid DNA decapsulation, avoiding the damage to the metal medium caused by traditional dissolution methods; and providing biomimetic dynamic storage functionality, achieving distributed storage and flexible recombination of data through the splitting and fusion of liquid metal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bioinformatics storage technology, specifically to a metal capsule, an integrated DNA storage system based on low-melting-point metals, and their applications. Background Technology

[0002] With the digitalization of the world, the volume of data has surged like never before, and storing this massive amount of data consumes enormous resources. Traditionally, data is stored in silicon-based media such as flash drives and hard drives, but these media have limited lifespans, typically only a few decades, and require frequent data migration and backup. In recent years, DNA, with its high coding density and ultra-long storage time, has emerged as a promising alternative for long-term information storage. Significant progress has been made in several areas, including efficient encoding / decoding schemes, high-throughput data writing methods, and novel data encapsulation technologies. However, most of these methods only address a specific step in the DNA information storage process and lack the integration required by current typical data storage systems.

[0003] A classic DNA storage system encompasses a series of precise steps, including data writing, storage, reading, sequencing, and decoding. However, existing DNA storage systems are limited by frequent transfers between multiple substrates, which not only reduces system integration but also increases operational complexity and may lead to data loss. Specifically, DNA data writing generally relies on phosphoramide chemical methods or enzymatic methods. These methods not only require cumbersome steps and a high degree of manual operation but are also typically limited to high-throughput synthesis on glass or silicon wafers. However, the relatively singular function of these traditional media, such as glass or silicon wafers, means that long-term DNA preservation strategies, such as silicification, alkaline co-precipitation, and biomimetic mineralization based on metal-organic frameworks, primarily focus on cleaved and amplified DNA fragments, failing to achieve effective in-situ protection of DNA information. Furthermore, traditional solid-state storage media exhibit significant limitations in terms of flexibility, dynamism, and the demands of operation, computation, and repeated access to stored files, making it difficult to meet the growing demands for dynamic storage and computation. Therefore, developing a DNA-based data storage system that combines high integration, efficiency, and practicality remains a significant challenge that urgently needs to be overcome.

[0004] Liquid metals, with their metallic density, offer an alternative approach to long-term DNA data storage. Their excellent fluidity and deformability make them easy to control and manipulate; for example, the merging and separation of liquid metals can be achieved by adjusting interfacial tension, enabling the replication and recombination of DNA files. Furthermore, the surfaces of liquid metals can be easily functionalized through the physical adhesion of metallic bonds, covalent bonds, surface ions, and surface oxides, providing an opportunity for in-situ DNA synthesis. This combination of properties makes liquid metals an ideal choice for constructing integrated DNA storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a metal capsule, an integrated DNA storage system based on low melting point metals and its application, to achieve highly integrated, dynamic response and programmable information storage and computing.

[0006] Technical Solution: To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing metal capsules, comprising the following steps: preparing a low-melting-point metal foam, and then fixing DNA primers onto the surface of the metal foam; adding a primer exchange reaction solution to write DNA data; and performing in-situ collapse after completion to obtain the metal capsule; wherein the primer exchange reaction solution contains one or more information hairpins, DNA polymerase and its buffer solution, and dNTPs.

[0007] Low-melting-point metals are metallic materials with melting points below 100°C that do not damage biomolecules.

[0008] The low-melting-point metal includes indium-tin alloy, gallium, or indium-tin-bismuth alloy.

[0009] Preferably, an indium-tin-bismuth alloy is used, with a melting point of 47°C.

[0010] The information card includes one or more hair clips.

[0011] One method of in-situ collapse is to heat a metal foam containing DNA data to above the metal's melting point until it melts into a metal capsule.

[0012] The methods for preparing the low-melting-point metal foam include the sacrificial method, the corrosion method, or the molding method.

[0013] The sacrificial method includes the sugar template sacrificial method, which involves filling a sugar cube structure with liquid low-melting-point metal, impregnating it to form a metal-sugar composite material, and then dissolving the sugar cube in water after cooling to obtain a low-melting-point metal foam.

[0014] Methods for immobilizing DNA primers on the surface of metal foam include electrostatic adsorption or covalent fixation.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for immobilizing DNA primers on the surface of a metal foam involves adding TCEP to the sulfurized DNA primer solution for reduction, thereby cleaving the disulfide bonds of the sulfurized DNA. The prepared DNA primer solution is then added to the metal foam and incubated.

[0016] The information card includes a hybridization sequence region for fixing primers, a letter sequence region and a bridge sequence region (B1-B5, used as the identification segment for the next information card) as primer extension templates, a stop sequence region for terminating the reaction, and a conserved ring structure region.

[0017] The present invention also provides a metal capsule prepared by the method.

[0018] The present invention also provides an integrated DNA information storage system based on a low-melting-point metal, which contains the metal capsule.

[0019] The present invention also provides the application of the metal capsule or the integrated DNA information storage system in DNA information writing, encapsulation, reading or management.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for writing DNA information, comprising the following steps: adding one or more information hairpin solutions, DNA polymerase and its buffer, and dNTPs to a low-melting-point metal foam on which DNA primers are fixed; the DNA primers hybridize with complementary sequences of the long oligonucleotide chain of the hairpin structure; subsequently, the DNA polymerase uses the long chain as a template and dNTPs as raw materials to synthesize information; and the primer exchange reaction is completed.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for electrically decapsulating DNA data, comprising the following steps: placing a liquid metal capsule on a metal sheet as a cathode, and another metal wire as an anode, and inducing electrocapillary motion of the liquid metal in an electrolyte solution by voltage to achieve electrically decapsulating the DNA data.

[0022] Furthermore, an electric field is applied to induce electrocapillary motion of the low-melting-point metal in the electrolyte solution, allowing the internally encapsulated DNA to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving non-destructive decapsulation of DNA data.

[0023] Preferably, the liquid metal capsule is placed on a copper foil as the cathode, a platinum wire is used as the anode, a 1×TBE solution at 60°C is used as the electrolyte solution, and the voltage is -3V.

[0024] This invention also provides a method for managing the dynamics of DNA data in a packaged state, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Using droplet microfluidics, the liquid metal capsule is divided in a high-throughput and uniform manner; a liquid metal capsule is divided into multiple microcapsules carrying the same DNA data to achieve distributed information storage;

[0026] (2) Different liquid metal microcapsules are directly fused after contact, so that the stored data are combined to generate new information patterns, thereby realizing modular and flexible DNA data management.

[0027] (3) Metal capsules containing DNA data can also be deformed into different shapes for use in indexing systems for large-scale DNA information storage.

[0028] The enzymatic synthesis method based on primer exchange reaction DNA data includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Based on the created codec, text information, image information, etc. are converted into hairpin oligonucleotides with universal bridge sequences, allowing information to be flexibly assembled;

[0030] (2) During the primer exchange reaction, the DNA primers fixed on the surface of the metal foam hybridize with the complementary sequences of the long oligonucleotide chains of the hairpin structure;

[0031] (3) Using the information sequence and bridging sequence of the hairpin structure nucleotides as templates for DNA polymerase, primers are extended until a stop sequence is encountered. This copies the information and bridging sequences from the hairpin to the primers;

[0032] (4) The copied sequence will compete with the original sequence on the hairpin, resulting in a replacement via branch migration;

[0033] (5) When the original hairpin structure reforms into a stable heterozygote, the newly synthesized sequence is released and can undergo another primer exchange reaction in the next hairpin, thereby allowing the primer to continue to extend.

[0034] Furthermore, the DNA enzymatic synthesis method based on primer exchange reaction includes the following steps:

[0035] (1) Fix the short primers onto the surface of the metal foam;

[0036] (2) Prepare the solutions required for primer exchange reaction, including KF polymerase, buffer, mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution, CleanG hairpins, mixed DNA hairpins and water;

[0037] (3) Since the six universal bridge sequences are cyclic, a maximum of five hairpins can be added to the solution required for a single primer exchange reaction to ensure controllable catalytic cascade. Additional hairpins are added to the new primer exchange reaction solution;

[0038] (4) After incubating the solution required for the primer exchange reaction, add it to the metal foam reaction;

[0039] (6) After each synthesis, centrifuge the solution to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinse with water at least three times in preparation for subsequent synthesis.

[0040] One method for in-situ encapsulation of DNA data includes heating a metal foam containing written DNA data to above the metal's melting point until it melts into a metal capsule.

[0041] In this process, the metal foam is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the low-melting-point metal to liquefy and heal, thus completing the encapsulation of the DNA data. Preferably, the metal foam is heated on a high-temperature platform at 60°C for 70 seconds.

[0042] The integrated DNA storage system constructed in this invention is based on a dynamically deformable liquid metal structure. Specifically: First, we use methods such as template sacrifice to mold the liquid metal into a foam structure, and then perform enzymatic DNA writing on the surface of this three-dimensional metal foam structure. Subsequently, heating causes the foam structure to melt and collapse into a metal capsule shape, achieving in-situ encapsulation of DNA information. If information reading is required, a negative potential is applied to this metal capsule in the liquid state to induce electrocapillary eddies, achieving controllable information reading. Figure 1 a). Finally, leveraging the fluidity of liquid metal, rapid data replication is achieved ( Figure 1 b), and data fusion ( Figure 1 c) Modular management operations, etc.

[0043] The purpose of in-situ collapse in this invention is as follows: First, we plasticize a metal into a foam structure, which has a high specific surface area and can provide a high DNA loading capacity. The DNA is fixed on the three-dimensional surface of the metal foam. Then, we heat the foam, causing it to collapse and form capsules in situ. This encapsulation process achieves in-situ encapsulation of DNA molecules. Compared to existing encapsulation materials, this method requires no chemical treatment, is gentle, fast, efficient, and provides strong protection.

[0044] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages: (1) The present invention directly synthesizes DNA data on the three-dimensional surface of a low-melting-point metal foam based on a flexible primer exchange reaction. (2) The present invention loads DNA molecules into the metal under mild conditions without damaging the DNA molecules, which is a powerful and rapid in-situ DNA encapsulation technology; the metal provides strong protection for the molecules inside under extreme conditions such as high temperature and humidity, ultraviolet irradiation, and organic reagents, that is, heat sealing is used to create a sealed metal capsule with optical protection. (3) The present invention utilizes the electrocapillary effect of low-melting-point metal to perform low-pressure electrokinetic decapsulation of DNA. This is the first time that biomolecules can migrate from the inside of metal. (4) The present invention realizes dynamic DNA storage operations, such as information splitting and merging, without decapsulation through the fluidity of liquid metal. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 The flowcharts show the integrated DNA storage system (a), data copy preparation (b), and data fusion management (c) involved in this invention.

[0046] Figure 2 The diagram (a) and SEM image (b) show the metal foam preparation based on the sugar template sacrificial method involved in this invention.

[0047] Figure 3 The present invention relates to the DNA information hairpin encoding principle (a) and writing principle (b) based on primer exchange reaction in metal foam.

[0048] Figure 4 The schematic diagram (a) and physical diagram (b) show the low-melting-point metal encapsulation of DNA data involved in this invention.

[0049] Figure 5 The diagram shows the principle (a) and result (b) of the low-melting-point metal capsule electro-decapsulation of DNA data involved in this invention.

[0050] Figure 6 The images shown are gel electrophoresis diagrams (a) of the three text messages written in the text information read and written according to the present invention, Sanger sequencing diagram (b) of the text message “DNA”, Sanger sequencing diagram (c) of the text message “world”, and Sanger sequencing diagram (d) of the text message “DNAstorage”.

[0051] Figure 7 The diagram (a) and the result (b) show the principle of the low-melting-point metal capsule involved in this invention splitting into multiple microcapsules containing the same information to achieve distributed information storage.

[0052] Figure 8The diagram shows the principle (a) and result (b) of the metal microcapsules involved in this invention, which combine information through fusion.

[0053] Figure 9 The diagrams (a) and (b) show the schematic and result of patterning a metal capsule into a fast response code for internal DNA data indexing, as described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] (1) First, use a laser engraving machine to cut sugar cubes into small cubes of 6 mm × 4 mm × 4 mm. Purchase indium, bismuth, and tin metal raw materials with a purity of 99.9999%. Then, accurately weigh each metal raw material according to the ratio of 55% indium, 20% bismuth, and 25% tin. Select a crucible as the melting container, add the weighed metals to the crucible in sequence, and place the crucible in a muffle furnace to melt it at 400°C, stirring occasionally. After heating for 3 hours, let it cool slowly to obtain liquid indium-tin-bismuth alloy (55% indium, 20% bismuth, 25% tin). Immerse each small sugar cube in 10 ml of liquid indium-tin-bismuth alloy (55% indium, 20% bismuth, 25% tin, melting point 47°C) under vacuum at 60°C for 30 min, and solidify the metal sugar composite material at room temperature. Finally, dissolve the metal sugar composite material in water to obtain metal foam ( Figure 2 a). SEM images of the sugar cube structure and the obtained three-dimensional metal foam structure are shown below. Figure 2 As shown in b, the successful preparation of metal foam has been confirmed.

[0057] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfurized DNA primer (SEQ ID NO.1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of sulfurized DNA to obtain DNA primer solution.

[0058] Table 1. Information card sequence required for DNA information writing.

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] (3) Design information card issuance structure ( Figure 3 a). An information hairpin includes a hybridization sequence region for fixing the primer, a letter sequence region and a bridging sequence region serving as a template for primer extension, a stop sequence region for terminating the reaction, and a conserved circular structure region.

[0062] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0063] (4) Prepare the “DNA” file solution: 3.5 μL 5000 units / mL KF polymerase, 2 μL 10× Blue buffer, 2 μL 5 mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM LeanG hairpin (SEQ ID NO.2), 2 μL 5 μM mixed hairpin (“D”, “N”, “A”, sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO.3-5, mixed in equal proportions) and 8.5 μL water;

[0064] (5) Add the "DNA" file solution prepared in step (4) to the metal foam in which the primers have been fixed, and react at 37°C for 30 min. The above reactants will proceed according to... Figure 3 b synthesizes "DNA" files based on its synthesis principle;

[0065] (6) After the “DNA” information is written, centrifuge the metal foam containing the solution at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution, and rinse with water three times.

[0066] (7) Heat the metal foam with the written "DNA" information on a high-temperature platform at 60°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam, thus completing the encapsulation of the DNA data; Figure 4 As shown.

[0067] (8) When the "DNA" information needs to be released, a liquid metal capsule is placed on a copper foil as the cathode, a platinum wire as the anode, and a 1×TBE solution at 60°C as the electrolyte solution. A potential of -3V is applied to induce electrocapillary movement of the liquid metal capsule, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving non-destructive decapsulation of the DNA data. Figure 5 As shown. The electrophoresis results of the written "DNA" information are as follows. Figure 6 As shown in Text1 of a, the sequencing results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in b, the successful writing of "DNA" information into the indium tin bismuth foam, in-situ encapsulation, and electro-decapsulation are demonstrated.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] (1) Sugar cubes and liquid gallium were mixed evenly in a mortar at a mass ratio of 1:1. The sugar-gallium mixture was then pressed into cylinders with a diameter of 5 mm × 5 mm and a height of 4 mm using a tablet press. The metal-sugar composite material was cured in a -20°C refrigerator for 5 minutes. Finally, the cylindrical sugar template was dissolved in water to obtain metal foam.

[0070] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM TCEP to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfurized DNA primer (SEQ ID NO.1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of sulfurized DNA.

[0071] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0072] (4) Prepare the "world" file solution: 3.5 μL 5000 units / mL KF polymerase, 2 μL 10×Blue buffer, 2 μL 5mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP are mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpins, 2 μL 5 μM mixed DNA hairpins ("w", "o", "r", "l", "d", the sequences are as shown in SEQ ID NO.6-10, mixed in equal proportions) and 8.5 μL water;

[0073] (5) Add the “world” file solution prepared in step (4) to the metal foam that has been immobilized with primers, react at 37°C for 30 min to synthesize the “world” file;

[0074] (6) After writing the “world” information, centrifuge the metal foam containing the solution at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinse with water three times.

[0075] (7) Heat the metal foam with the "world" information written on it on a high-temperature platform at 35°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam to complete the encapsulation of the DNA data.

[0076] (8) When the "world" information needs to be released, the copper wire connected to the negative electrode is brought into contact with the liquid metal capsule, another copper wire is used as the anode, and 1×PBS solution at 35°C is used as the electrolyte solution. A potential of -4V is applied to induce electrocapillary movement of the liquid metal capsule, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving non-destructive decapsulation of DNA data. The electrophoresis results of the written "world" information are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Text2 of a, the sequencing results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Figure c, the successful writing of the "world" information into gallium-based foam, in-situ encapsulation, and electro-decapsulation are demonstrated.

[0077] Example 3

[0078] (1) Sugar cubes were pressed into cylinders with a diameter of 5 mm × 5 mm and a height of 4 mm. Indium, bismuth, and tin metal raw materials with a purity of 99.9999% were purchased. Subsequently, each metal raw material was accurately weighed according to the ratio of 51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, and 16.5% tin. A crucible was selected as the melting container, and the weighed metals were added to the crucible in sequence. The crucible was then placed in a muffle furnace and melted at 400°C, with stirring during the process. After heating for 3 hours, the mixture was slowly cooled to obtain a liquid indium-tin-bismuth alloy (51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, and 16.5% tin). Each cylinder was immersed in 10 ml of the liquid indium-tin-bismuth alloy (51% indium, 32.5% bismuth, and 16.5% tin, melting point 62°C) solution under vacuum at 70°C for 30 min, and the metal-sugar composite material was solidified at room temperature. Finally, the cylindrical sugar template was dissolved in water to obtain metal foam.

[0079] (2) Add 2 μL of 5 mM TCEP to 20 μL of 5.5 μM sulfurized DNA primer (SEQ ID NO.1) solution and reduce for 1 hour to cleave the disulfide bonds of sulfurized DNA.

[0080] (3) Add 20 μL of the prepared DNA primer solution to the metal foam and incubate for 3 hours.

[0081] (4) Prepare “DNAstorage” file solution a: 2 μL 8000 units / mL Bst polymerase, 2 μL 10× Isothermal Amplification buffer, 2 μL MgSO4 solution, 2 μL 5mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hairpins, 2 μL 5 μM mixed DNA hairpins (“D”, “N”, “A”, “s”, “t”, sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO.3-5 and SEQ ID NO.11-12 respectively, mixed in equal proportions) and 6 μL water; Prepare “DNAstorage” file solution b: 2 μL 8000 units / mL Bst polymerase, 2 μL 10× buffer, 2 μL MgSO4 solution, 2 μL 5mM mixed dATP / dTTP / dCTP solution (dATP / dTTP / dCTP mixed in equal proportions), 2 μL 1 μM CleanG hair clips, 2 μL of 5 μM mixed DNA hair clips (“o”, “r”, “a”, “g”, “e”, sequences as shown in SEQ ID NO.13-17, mixed in equal proportions) and 6 μL of water;

[0082] (5) Add the “DNAstorage” file solution a prepared in step (4) to the metal foam that has been immobilized with primers, and react at 55°C for 30 min.

[0083] (6) After the information in the “DNAstorage” file solution a is written, centrifuge the metal foam containing the solution at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution and rinse with water three times.

[0084] (7) Add the “DNAstorage” file solution b prepared in step (4) to the metal foam in step (6) where the primers have been fixed, and react at 55°C for 30 min;

[0085] (8) After the information in the “DNAstorage” file solution b is written, centrifuge the metal foam containing the solution at 5000 rpm for 1 minute to remove the primer exchange reaction solution, and rinse with water three times.

[0086] (9) Heat the metal foam with the “DNAstorage” information written on it on a high-temperature platform at 70°C for 70 seconds to liquefy and heal the metal foam and complete the encapsulation of the DNA data.

[0087] (10) When the "DNAstorage" information needs to be released, the copper wire connected to the negative electrode is brought into contact with the liquid metal capsule, another copper wire is used as the anode, and a 1M NaOH solution at 70℃ is used as the electrolyte solution. A potential of -2V is applied to induce the electrocapillary movement of the liquid metal capsule, allowing the encapsulated DNA inside to migrate to the metal surface, thereby achieving non-destructive decapsulation of DNA data. The electrophoresis results of the written "DNAstorage" information are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in Text3 of a, the sequencing results are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in d, the successful writing of "DNAstorage" information into gallium-based foam, in-situ encapsulation, and electro-decapsulation are demonstrated.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] (1) As Figure 7 As shown in Figure a, the three metal capsules encapsulating different DNA text information (“DNA” file, “world” file, and “DNAstorage” file) from Examples 1-3 are divided into multiple microcapsules using a droplet microfluidic chip. Each microcapsule retains the same information as its parent capsule, achieving distributed information storage. The electrophoresis diagram is shown below. Figure 7 As shown in b.

[0090] (2) We directly contacted and mixed the microcapsules carrying different textual information, fusing them together. This combined their stored data, generating new information patterns. We homogenized two or three microcapsules through vibration, each containing different information, to produce four fused capsules. Each fused capsule successfully inherited all the information from the original microcapsules. For example... Figure 8 As shown, file F-1 represents a fusion of the "DNA" file and the "world" file, file F-2 represents a fusion of the "DNA" file and the "DNAstorage" file, file F-3 represents a fusion of the "world" file and the "DNAstorage" file, and file F-4 represents a fusion of the "DNA" file, the "world" file, and the "DNAstorage" file.

[0091] (3) We use liquid metal capsules as patterns for rapid response (QR) codes, serving as indexes for encapsulated DNA information. The internal information, "DNA storage," can be accessed by extracting a small amount (~7 mg) of liquid metal from the edge of the pattern. Error correction and redundancy of the QR codes ensure accurate decoding even when using only a portion of the sample. Figure 9 As shown, we took three small pieces of liquid metal at any three positions (a, b, c) on the QR code, amplified and read the DNA molecules inside them, and the electrophoresis results are as follows. Figure 9 As shown in b, we successfully read the "DNAstorage" information contained in the QR code.

Claims

1. A method for preparing metal capsules, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: preparing a low-melting-point metal foam, then fixing DNA primers onto the surface of the low-melting-point metal foam; adding a primer exchange reaction solution to write DNA data; and finally, performing in-situ collapse to obtain a metal capsule. The primer exchange reaction solution contains one or more information hairpins, DNA polymerase and its buffer solution, and dNTPs. Low-melting-point metals are metallic materials with melting points below 100°C that do not damage biomolecules; in-situ collapse methods include heating a metal foam with DNA data written on it to above the metal's melting point until it melts into a metal capsule.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The low-melting-point metal includes indium-tin alloy, gallium, or indium-tin-bismuth alloy.

3. A metal capsule prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2.

4. An integrated DNA information storage system based on low-melting-point metals, characterized in that, It contains the metal capsule as described in claim 3.

5. A method for electrically decapsulating DNA data, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The liquid metal capsule of claim 3 is placed on a metal sheet as a cathode, and another metal wire is used as an anode. Voltage induces electrocapillary movement of the liquid metal in the electrolyte solution, thereby realizing the electrokinetic decapsulation of DNA data.

6. A method for managing the dynamics of DNA data in an encapsulated state, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Using droplet microfluidics, the liquid metal capsule of claim 3 is divided in a high-throughput and uniform manner; a liquid metal capsule is divided into multiple microcapsules carrying the same DNA data to achieve distributed information storage; (2) Different liquid metal microcapsules are directly fused after contact, so that the data stored in them can be combined to generate new information patterns, thereby realizing modular and flexible DNA data management.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method also includes patterning the metal capsule of claim 3 into different shapes for use in an indexing system for large-scale DNA information storage.

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