Delay determination method and apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

The application provides a time delay determination method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product, and relates to the technical field of communication. The method uses residual time delay and residual time delay change rate of a wideband pilot signal to predict the time delay of an uplink service signal, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of time delay estimation. By introducing the concept of time delay change rate, the method can dynamically and in real time reflect the dynamic change trend of the time delay, thereby more accurately predicting the time delay of the service signal, effectively solving the problem of low time delay estimation accuracy of the existing method when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the bandwidth of the service signal is small, and thereby improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and more specifically, to a delay determination method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] In modern satellite communications, especially in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications, signal latency has always been a critical challenge. The relatively high relative speed between LEO satellites and ground terminals causes constantly changing signal transmission latency. This latency variation poses significant difficulties for receiver time synchronization. If the receiver's time synchronization accuracy is insufficient during signal demodulation, demodulation performance will degrade severely, and may even lead to increased bit error rates.

[0003] Existing methods typically involve the terminal calculating a suitable uplink signal transmission time based on ephemeris data and then transmitting an uplink wideband pilot signal. Upon receiving this signal, the base station estimates the residual delay and notifies the terminal to make adjustments. The terminal adjusts its uplink signal transmission time based on feedback from the base station and assists the base station in completing channel estimation and signal demodulation using the uplink service signal pilot.

[0004] This existing approach, in the final step of estimating the residual delay using the service signal pilot, is susceptible to various factors. Especially when the service signal reception quality is poor, such as with a low signal-to-noise ratio or a small service signal bandwidth, the accuracy of the delay estimation drops significantly. This directly leads to a loss of demodulation performance for the service signal, impacting communication quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a delay determination method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product to improve the problem that existing methods are inaccurate in delay estimation when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, resulting in poor signal demodulation performance.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a delay determination method applied to a base station, the method comprising: Receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; Obtain the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments. The adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0007] In the above implementation process, by utilizing the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal and the rate of change of the residual delay to predict the delay of the uplink service signal, the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation are significantly improved. This method, by introducing the concept of the rate of change of delay, can dynamically and in real-time reflect the dynamic trend of delay changes, thereby more accurately predicting the delay of the service signal. It effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thus improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0008] Optionally, determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined using a linear prediction algorithm.

[0009] In the above implementation process, this method not only considers the current delay status, but also predicts the delay change trend in future moments through the delay change rate, thereby enabling a more accurate estimation of the residual delay of the service signal.

[0010] Optionally, determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Obtain the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; The residual delay change value is determined by multiplying the time difference by the residual delay change rate. The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined based on the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0011] In the above implementation process, this method takes into account the instantaneous value of the delay and also predicts the trend of delay change through the dynamic rate of change, which effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation.

[0012] Optionally, the residual delay change rate can be obtained in the following way: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within the most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated based on the delay difference and the time difference.

[0013] In the above implementation process, by accurately calculating the residual delay difference and time difference between the two broadband pilot signals within the most recent delay fluctuation period, the residual delay change rate is obtained, providing a dynamic and accurate reference indicator for delay estimation. This calculation method based on actual measurement data can effectively capture the short-term trend of delay changes and improve the accuracy of delay estimation.

[0014] Optionally, the residual delay change rate can be obtained in the following way: Obtain the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period; Calculate the mean of the residual delay change rate corresponding to the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period, and use the mean as the final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained through the following method: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; Based on the delay difference and the time difference, calculate the residual delay change rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period.

[0015] In the above implementation process, by integrating residual delay change rate data within multiple delay fluctuation periods and calculating their average as the final residual delay change rate, the stability and reliability of delay change rate estimation are effectively improved. This method not only considers the delay change trend within a single fluctuation period but also reduces estimation errors caused by short-term interference or noise through the fusion of multi-period data, thus more accurately reflecting the long-term dynamic changes in delay.

[0016] Optionally, the two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period.

[0017] In the above implementation process, by flexibly selecting two broadband pilot signals (which can be the first and last, or any two) within the time delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual time delay change rate, the adaptability and accuracy of time delay estimation are significantly improved.

[0018] Optionally, the time delay fluctuation period can be determined in the following way: Obtain the subframe number sent by the terminal, wherein the subframe number is sent by the terminal when adjusting the transmission time of the uplink signal based on the signaling of the base station; The time interval between the start times of two adjacent subframe numbers is determined, and the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

[0019] In the above implementation process, by analyzing the subframe number sent by the terminal when adjusting the uplink signal transmission time based on the base station signaling, the base station can quickly and accurately calculate the time interval between the start times of adjacent subframes, thereby determining the delay fluctuation period.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a delay determination device applied to a base station, the device comprising: The service signal receiving module is used to receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; A broadband delay acquisition module is used to acquire the broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; The service latency acquisition module is used to determine the service latency of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual latency and the residual latency change rate. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments. The adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0021] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device, including a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions, and when the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above are performed.

[0022] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above.

[0023] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, including computer program instructions, which, when read and executed by a processor, perform the steps of the method provided in the first aspect above.

[0024] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description or may be learned by practicing embodiments of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a delay determination method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a delay determination device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for performing a delay determination method, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this invention can be used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more; therefore, in the embodiments of this invention, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two". "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / ", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0029] It should also be noted that all actions involving the acquisition of signals, information, or data in this application are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the country where the application is located, and with the authorization granted by the owner of the relevant device.

[0030] This application provides a delay determination method applied to a base station. By utilizing the residual delay of a broadband pilot signal and its rate of change, the delay of uplink service signals is predicted, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation. By introducing the concept of the rate of change of delay, this method dynamically and in real-time reflects the dynamic trend of delay changes, thereby more accurately predicting the delay of service signals. It effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thus improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a latency determination method provided in this application embodiment is shown. The method is applied to a base station, which may refer to a satellite base station. The latency determination method may include the following steps: Step S110: Receive the uplink service signal sent by the terminal.

[0032] Uplink signals can refer to signals that carry actual user data, such as voice, video, and text information, which are generated after modulation and encoding. Depending on the specific application and system design, the bandwidth of uplink signals can be wide or narrow. For example, video transmission may require a wider bandwidth, while voice calls may only require a narrower bandwidth.

[0033] When a terminal needs to interact with a base station for service information, the terminal sends an uplink service signal to the base station, carrying the user data that needs to be transmitted.

[0034] Step S120: Obtain the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal.

[0035] Wideband pilot signals are known signals with specific structures and characteristics. They are usually composed of a set of specific pseudo-random sequences or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing pilot symbols. Wideband pilot signals are mainly used for channel estimation, time delay estimation, frequency offset estimation, and synchronization. By receiving and processing pilot signals, base stations can obtain channel state information, estimate signal time delay and frequency shift parameters, thereby providing a basis for subsequent signal processing and demodulation.

[0036] Wideband pilot signals typically have a wide bandwidth to provide higher time and frequency resolution, which allows them to more accurately reflect the characteristics of the channel and helps improve the accuracy of channel estimation and delay estimation.

[0037] Terminals typically send wideband pilot signals at a certain frequency and period to ensure that the base station can obtain channel status information in real time. For example, in a cellular communication system, pilot signals may be sent at the beginning of each time slot or subframe.

[0038] The first broadband pilot signal here can refer to the broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal is received. The previous broadband pilot signal can refer to the broadband pilot signal most recently received in the uplink service signal, or the first broadband pilot signal received in the current delay fluctuation period, or any broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal.

[0039] The latency fluctuation period will be explained in subsequent embodiments, and will not be elaborated on here. For example, when a base station receives a signaling message from a terminal to adjust the transmission time of an uplink signal, this signaling message includes the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal. After this moment, the current latency fluctuation period begins. If the base station receives an uplink service signal after this moment, the base station can acquire any wideband pilot signal received within the time interval between this moment and the moment the uplink service signal is received, or it can be the first wideband pilot signal received after this moment, and use it as the first wideband pilot signal. If the moment is T1 and the moment the uplink service signal is received is T2, then any one or the first wideband pilot signal received between T1 and T2 can be used as the first wideband pilot signal. Of course, if no wideband pilot signal is received during this period, the wideband pilot signal most recently received after time T1 can also be used as the first wideband pilot signal.

[0040] After determining the first broadband pilot signal, the residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal can be obtained. To distinguish them, the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal can be called the broadband residual delay, and the residual delay of the subsequent uplink service signal can be called the service residual delay. Essentially, they both characterize the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the signal. For example, the broadband residual delay characterizes the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the first broadband pilot signal.

[0041] In some implementations, correlation algorithms can be used to estimate the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal, such as delay estimation based on phase difference. Specifically, the phase information of the first broadband pilot signal can be extracted to calculate the phase information on each subcarrier, and then the residual delay can be estimated using the relationship between phase difference and time extension according to the phase difference formula. Alternatively, delay estimation can be based on cross-correlation, such as performing cross-correlation operations on the broadband pilot signals of the terminal and the base station to find the position corresponding to the peak of the correlation function, thereby determining the residual delay. Of course, other algorithms can also be used to estimate the broadband residual delay, such as delay estimation based on least squares, which will not be illustrated here.

[0042] Step S130: Determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate.

[0043] The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0044] The following section introduces the latency fluctuation period. For example, after a terminal accesses a satellite network, it can first use the satellite ephemeris to calculate a suitable uplink signal transmission time and send a broadband pilot signal to the base station. The base station uses the received broadband pilot signal to estimate the residual latency, following the same method used to estimate the broadband residual latency of the first broadband pilot signal. Subsequently, each time the base station receives a broadband pilot signal, it can estimate the residual latency using the same method. The base station sends the estimated residual latency to the terminal and notifies it to adjust the uplink signal transmission time. That is, the terminal can then transmit the signal earlier based on the residual latency to compensate for the latency. However, due to the movement of the satellite and the terminal, the latency may change due to their movement and environmental factors. Therefore, the signal actually received by the base station may still have a latency. In this case, the latency estimated by the base station can be called the residual latency.

[0045] The terminal can adjust the uplink signal transmission time based on the base station's signaling (including residual delay), and this adjustment will take effect at the start of the next uplink subframe transmission. This action is called timing adjustment. The terminal can inform the base station of the timing adjustment via signaling. Of course, if the terminal does not receive a delay adjustment instruction from the base station, it will not adjust the uplink signal transmission time, nor will it send the timing adjustment to the base station.

[0046] For example, initially, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T0. After a period of time, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T1. The period from T0 to T1 can be called a delay fluctuation period. After another period of time, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T2. The period from T1 to T2 can also be called a delay fluctuation period.

[0047] The residual delay rate of change characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay of a broadband pilot signal over time within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The most recent at least one delay fluctuation period can be understood as one or more delay fluctuation periods closest to the current time. For example, if the current time is after time T2, the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period can refer to the delay fluctuation period T1-T2, or it can refer to both the delay fluctuation periods T0-T1 and T1-T2.

[0048] Taking the time delay fluctuation period T1-T2 as an example, the residual time delay change rate can be determined by the residual time delay of the second wideband pilot signal received within this time delay fluctuation period. Here, the second wideband pilot signal can refer to at least two wideband pilot signals. For example, the time delay change rate can be predicted based on the wideband residual time delays of these at least two wideband pilot signals. In some implementations, prediction can be performed using a neural network model. For instance, the wideband residual time delays of all wideband pilot signals received during T1-T2 can be input into a neural network model to predict the time delay change rate.

[0049] After obtaining the broadband residual delay and residual delay change rate of the first broadband pilot signal, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be predicted. For example, the broadband residual delay and residual delay change rate can be input into a neural network model, and the neural network model can predict the service residual delay of the uplink service signal.

[0050] Alternatively, the residual delay of the uplink service signal can be determined through polynomial fitting. For example, the residual delays of multiple broadband pilot signals within multiple delay fluctuation periods can be obtained, along with multiple residual delay change rates calculated using these residual delays. Then, a polynomial fitting equation can be constructed using these residual delays and multiple residual delay change rates. The polynomial coefficients in the polynomial fitting equation can be solved using the least squares method. In this way, the aforementioned broadband residual delays and residual delay change rates can be substituted into the polynomial fitting equation to obtain the residual delay of the uplink service signal.

[0051] After obtaining the residual service delay of the uplink service signal, the base station can use the residual service delay to compensate for the delay of the uplink service signal when demodulating the uplink service signal, so as to improve its demodulation performance.

[0052] In the above implementation process, by utilizing the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal and the rate of change of the residual delay to predict the delay of the uplink service signal, the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation are significantly improved. This method, by introducing the concept of the rate of change of delay, can dynamically and in real-time reflect the dynamic trend of delay changes, thereby more accurately predicting the delay of the service signal. It effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thus improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0053] Based on the above embodiments, when determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can also be determined by using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate.

[0054] Among them, linear prediction algorithms can be linear regression algorithms, autoregressive models, Kalman filtering algorithms, etc.

[0055] When using a linear regression algorithm for prediction, the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal can be obtained first. Then, the residual delay change value can be determined by multiplying the time difference by the residual delay change rate. Finally, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be determined by summing the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0056] The linear regression model can be expressed as: ,in, This represents the m-th uplink service signal received within the k-th latency fluctuation period. This represents the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal. Indicates the rate of change of residual time delay. The start time of the uplink subframe of the m-th uplink service signal received within the k-th delay fluctuation period. This indicates the start time of the uplink subframe of the first wideband pilot signal. This represents the residual time delay change value.

[0057] In this way, the cumulative delay between the first broadband pilot signal and the uplink service signal can be characterized by the residual delay change value. Then, by adding the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be estimated.

[0058] If the Kalman filter algorithm is used to achieve prediction, specifically, the state vector is defined. ,in, This represents the broadband residual delay at time k. Let represent the rate of change of residual delay at time k. Assuming that the changes in broadband residual delay and the rate of change of delay follow a linear relationship between adjacent time points, the state transition equation is: Where F is the state transition matrix, for example, it can be taken as... , For time intervals, Let Q represent process noise. If it is Gaussian white noise, its covariance matrix is ​​Q.

[0059] The observed value is the broadband residual time delay of the broadband pilot signal. The observation equation is: H is the observation matrix, for example, H=[1 0] can be taken. This represents the observation noise. If it is Gaussian white noise, then the variance is R.

[0060] The Kalman gain is updated iteratively using the broadband residual time delay of the broadband pilot signal, and then the state estimate obtained by Kalman filtering can be used. and To make predictions, for example, the residual latency of uplink service signals is: , This represents the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the broadband pilot signal and the aforementioned service signal.

[0061] The Kalman filter algorithm can effectively handle noise interference and dynamic changes in time delay, thus effectively improving the accuracy of time delay prediction.

[0062] Understandably, the k-th delay fluctuation period described in the above embodiments can refer to the current delay fluctuation period. For example, in the above example, T0-T1 is the first delay fluctuation period, and T1-T2 is the second delay fluctuation period. If an uplink service signal is received after time T2, then the uplink service signal is within the third delay fluctuation period. For uplink service signals received after time T2, the residual service delay can be obtained in the above way until the base station obtains the adjustment time T3 sent by the terminal. The method for obtaining the residual service delay of uplink service signals after T3 is similar, except that the first broadband pilot signal and the residual delay change rate will change.

[0063] For the first latency fluctuation period, since the residual latency change rate may not be available at this time, the residual latency of the uplink service signal within the first latency fluctuation period can be obtained based on the uplink service signal itself. The method is similar to the method of obtaining the broadband residual latency of the broadband pilot signal, and will not be repeated here. Until the time T1 sent by the terminal is obtained, the base station can calculate the residual latency change rate, and the residual latency of subsequent uplink service signals can be obtained based on the residual latency change rate.

[0064] In the above implementation process, this method not only considers the current delay status, but also predicts the delay change trend in future moments through the delay change rate, thereby enabling a more accurate estimation of the residual delay of the service signal.

[0065] Based on the above embodiments, since the communication environment is constantly changing with the movement of satellite base stations and / or terminals, its latency is also constantly changing. Therefore, in order to obtain a more accurate residual latency change rate, the residual latency of two second wideband pilot signals received in the most recent latency fluctuation period can be obtained, as well as the uplink subframe start time of these two second wideband pilot signals can be obtained. Then, the latency difference between the residual latency of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the uplink subframe start times of the two second wideband pilot signals can be determined. Based on the latency difference and the time difference, the residual latency change rate can be calculated.

[0066] Taking the above example, the adjustment time most recently received by the base station is T2. For uplink service signals received after time T2, the most recent delay fluctuation period is T1-T2. The two second broadband pilot signals within this delay fluctuation period can be any two of them. Then, the residual delay (i.e., broadband residual delay) of each second broadband pilot signal is obtained through the method in the above embodiment. The uplink subframe start time of these two second broadband pilot signals can also be obtained.

[0067] The formula for calculating the rate of change of residual time delay is as follows: , This represents the residual delay change rate corresponding to the k-th delay fluctuation period. This represents the residual time delay of one of the two second wideband pilot signals. This represents the residual time delay of the other broadband pilot signal in the two second broadband pilot signals. This indicates the start time of the uplink subframe of one of the two second wideband pilot signals. This represents the start time of the uplink subframe of the other wideband pilot signal among the two second wideband pilot signals. Therefore, the ratio of the delay difference to the time difference can be used as the residual delay change rate.

[0068] Understandably, if only one broadband pilot signal is received or not received in the most recent time delay fluctuation period, then the most recent time delay fluctuation period can be extended backward, for example, T0-T1, to obtain the two second broadband pilot signals received in that time delay fluctuation period. Of course, if only one broadband pilot signal is received or not received in that time delay fluctuation period, then the time delay can be extended backward again.

[0069] The reason for using two second wideband pilot signals within one delay fluctuation period to obtain the residual delay rate of change is that the residual delay of the service signal changes linearly within one delay fluctuation period. This change is caused by the accumulation of ephemeris error and crystal oscillator frequency error, and this accumulation effect changes linearly with time. This scheme utilizes the sawtooth-shaped periodic fluctuation characteristic of the uplink signal delay to predict the residual delay of the service signal based on the residual delay of the wideband pilot signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the estimation of the residual delay of the service signal.

[0070] In the above implementation process, by accurately calculating the residual delay difference and time difference between the two broadband pilot signals within the most recent delay fluctuation period, the residual delay change rate is obtained, providing a dynamic and accurate reference indicator for delay estimation. This calculation method based on actual measurement data can effectively capture the short-term trend of delay changes and improve the accuracy of delay estimation.

[0071] Based on the above embodiments, in the above method of obtaining the residual delay change rate, it can also be obtained based on the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. For example, first obtain the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period, then calculate the average of the residual delay change rates corresponding to the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period, and use the average as the final residual delay change rate.

[0072] The method for obtaining the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation cycle is as described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0073] For example, if at least one recent delay fluctuation period includes two delay fluctuation periods, the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period can be obtained in the manner described above. However, when calculating the residual delay change rate, for each delay fluctuation period, what is obtained is the delay difference between the residual delays of the two second wideband pilot signals within that period, as well as the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals within that period. Then, the residual delay change rate can be calculated according to the above calculation formula.

[0074] After obtaining the two residual delay change rates, the average of these two residual delay change rates can be calculated. The average value obtained can be used as the final residual delay change rate, which can be used for the calculation of the service residual delay of subsequent uplink service signals.

[0075] Understandably, if the residual delay change rate is calculated each time based on at least the most recent delay fluctuation period, then after the base station obtains a new adjustment time, it will recalculate the residual delay change rate based on at least the most recent delay fluctuation period. That is, the residual delay change rate is constantly updated, and the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is calculated based on the latest residual delay change rate.

[0076] Of course, if fewer than two broadband pilot signals are received within the latest delay fluctuation period, the residual delay change rate corresponding to that delay fluctuation period cannot be calculated, and the residual delay change rate does not need to be updated.

[0077] In the above implementation process, by integrating residual delay change rate data within multiple delay fluctuation periods and calculating their average as the final residual delay change rate, the stability and reliability of delay change rate estimation are effectively improved. This method not only considers the delay change trend within a single fluctuation period but also reduces estimation errors caused by short-term interference or noise through the fusion of multi-period data, thus more accurately reflecting the long-term dynamic changes in delay.

[0078] Based on the above embodiments, the two second broadband pilot signals within one delay fluctuation period may include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within one delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals may include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within one delay fluctuation period.

[0079] Understandably, the first and last broadband pilot signals received within the time delay fluctuation period represent the time delay at the beginning and end of the time delay fluctuation period, respectively. They can reflect the overall trend of time delay change within the period well and have strong representativeness. The average rate of change of time delay within the entire fluctuation period can be calculated using the time delay data at these two times.

[0080] Choosing any two broadband pilot signals within the time delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual time delay rate offers greater flexibility.

[0081] In some implementations, when calculating the residual delay change rate for a delay fluctuation period, all broadband pilot signals received within that delay fluctuation period can be selected for calculation. For example, the residual delay of every two broadband pilot signals can be obtained, and the corresponding residual delay change rate can be calculated. Then, these residual delay change rates can be averaged, and the average value can be used as the residual delay change rate corresponding to that delay fluctuation period. This can yield a more stable and accurate estimate of the delay change rate.

[0082] In the above implementation process, by flexibly selecting two broadband pilot signals (which can be the first and last, or any two) within the time delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual time delay change rate, the adaptability and accuracy of time delay estimation are significantly improved.

[0083] Based on the above embodiments, the aforementioned latency fluctuation period can be determined in the following way: obtain the subframe number sent by the terminal, which is sent by the terminal when adjusting the transmission time of the uplink signal based on the signaling of the base station, and then determine the time interval between the start times of the subframes corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers. This time interval is the latency fluctuation period.

[0084] After the base station receives the wideband pilot signal from the terminal and estimates its residual delay, it sends an adjustment command to the terminal. This adjustment command includes the residual delay. The terminal adjusts the uplink signal transmission time according to the adjustment command, transmitting the signal ahead of the residual delay, and this adjustment takes effect at the start of the next uplink subframe transmission. At this time, the terminal sends the uplink subframe number S corresponding to the remaining time of the adjustment to the base station. n S nIt includes the system frame number and subframe number, where n=1,2,..., representing the nth time the terminal adjusts the uplink signal transmission time based on base station signaling after full access begins.

[0085] The base station received S n Then, the system frame number and subframe number are obtained from them, and the time corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers is determined, such as S. n With S n+1 The time interval between them, i.e., uplink subframe S n The start time and S n+1 The time between the start and end times is called the nth fluctuation cycle. Then the duration T of the nth fluctuation cycle is... n equal to subframe S n+1 The start time minus S n The starting time, i.e. Thus, the base station can determine the latency fluctuation period by using the subframe number sent by the terminal.

[0086] In the above implementation process, by analyzing the subframe number sent by the terminal when adjusting the uplink signal transmission time based on the base station signaling, the base station can quickly and accurately calculate the time interval between the start times of adjacent subframes, thereby determining the delay fluctuation period.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a delay determination device 200 provided in an embodiment of this application. The delay determination device 200 can be a module, program segment, or code on an electronic device. It should be understood that this delay determination device 200 is similar to the one described above. Figure 1 The method implementation corresponds to this and can be executed. Figure 1 The various steps involved in the method embodiment, and the specific functions of the delay determination device 200, can be found in the description above. To avoid repetition, detailed descriptions are omitted here.

[0088] Optionally, the delay determination device 200 includes: The service signal receiving module 210 is used to receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; The broadband delay acquisition module 220 is used to acquire the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; The service delay acquisition module 230 is used to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments. The adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0089] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is used to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate using a linear prediction algorithm.

[0090] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is used to acquire the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; determine the residual delay change value based on the product of the time difference and the residual delay change rate; and determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0091] Optionally, the service latency acquisition module 230 is used to acquire the residual latency change rate in the following manner: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within the most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated based on the delay difference and the time difference.

[0092] Optionally, the service latency acquisition module 230 is used to acquire the residual latency change rate in the following manner: Obtain the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period; Calculate the mean of the residual delay change rate corresponding to the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period, and use the mean as the final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained through the following method: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; Based on the delay difference and the time difference, calculate the residual delay change rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period.

[0093] Optionally, the two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period.

[0094] Optionally, the service latency acquisition module 230 is used to determine the latency fluctuation period in the following manner: Obtain the subframe number sent by the terminal, wherein the subframe number is sent by the terminal when adjusting the transmission time of the uplink signal based on the signaling of the base station; The time interval between the start times of two adjacent subframe numbers is determined, and the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

[0095] It should be noted that those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working process of the device described above can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This application provides a schematic diagram of an electronic device for performing a delay determination method. The electronic device may include: at least one processor 310, such as a CPU; at least one communication interface 320; at least one memory 330; and at least one communication bus 340. The communication bus 340 is used to establish communication between these components. In this embodiment, the communication interface 320 is used for signaling or data communication with other node devices. The memory 330 may be a high-speed RAM or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory 330 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the processor. The memory 330 stores computer-readable instructions. When these computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor 310, the electronic device performs the aforementioned delay determination method.

[0097] Understandable. Figure 3 The structure shown is for illustrative purposes only; the electronic device may also include components that are more advanced than those shown. Figure 3 The more or fewer components shown, or having the same Figure 3 The different configurations shown. Figure 3 The components shown can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof.

[0098] This application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the method process as executed by the electronic device in the above method embodiments.

[0099] This embodiment discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can perform the methods provided in the above-described method embodiments, such as including: Receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; Obtain the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments. The adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0100] In summary, the embodiments of this application provide a delay determination method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product. This method significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation by utilizing the residual delay of a broadband pilot signal and its rate of change to predict the delay of uplink service signals. By introducing the concept of the rate of change of delay, this method can dynamically and in real-time reflect the dynamic trend of delay changes, thereby more accurately predicting the delay of service signals. It effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thus improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0101] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. Furthermore, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Additionally, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings, direct couplings, or communication connections may be through some communication interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0102] Furthermore, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0103] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0104] In this document, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0105] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining time delay, characterized in that, Applied to a base station, the method includes: Receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; The broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal is obtained, wherein the broadband residual delay characterizes the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the first broadband pilot signal; Based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined, and the service residual delay characterizes the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the uplink service signal. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay refers to the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the signal. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment times. The adjustment time refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined using a linear prediction algorithm.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Obtain the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; The residual delay change value is determined by multiplying the time difference by the residual delay change rate. The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined based on the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The residual delay rate of change is obtained in the following manner: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within the most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated based on the delay difference and the time difference.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The residual delay rate of change is obtained in the following manner: Obtain the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period; Calculate the mean of the residual delay change rate corresponding to the most recent at least one delay fluctuation period, and use the mean as the final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained through the following method: Obtain the residual delay of two of the second wideband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtain the uplink subframe start time of the two second wideband pilot signals; Determine the time delay difference between the residual time delays of the two second wideband pilot signals and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second wideband pilot signals; Based on the delay difference and the time difference, calculate the residual delay change rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within one time delay fluctuation period.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time delay fluctuation period is determined in the following way: Obtain the subframe number sent by the terminal, wherein the subframe number is sent by the terminal when adjusting the transmission time of the uplink signal based on the signaling of the base station; The time interval between the start times of two adjacent subframe numbers is determined, and the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

8. A time delay determination device, characterized in that, Applied to a base station, the device includes: The service signal receiving module is used to receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; A broadband delay acquisition module is used to acquire the broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal, wherein the broadband residual delay characterizes the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the first broadband pilot signal; The service delay acquisition module is used to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate. The service residual delay represents the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the uplink service signal. The residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of residual delay over time. The residual delay refers to the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the signal. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment times. The adjustment time refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes computer program instructions, which, when read and executed by a processor, perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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