Device, system and method for producing molded parts

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) for producing molded parts, in particular from a fibre composite material, comprising a first pressing tool (2), a second pressing tool (3) and at least one membrane (4, 4 ') for contacting a workpiece (18), the first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3) being movable relative to each other between an open position and a closed position, wherein at least in the closed position a mould cavity (5) for a working medium is formed between the diaphragm (4, 4 ') and the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3), and wherein a working space (8) for receiving a workpiece (18) is formed between the first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3), in particular between the diaphragm (3) and the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3), and wherein the membrane (4, 4 ') has a membrane thickness, a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension. In order to provide a device which enables uniform application of pressure and / or temperature in molded parts having complex and less complex geometries, the invention proposes that the diaphragm (4, 4 '), in particular along the longitudinal and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), has at least one elastically deformable base section (G, G ') for contacting the workpiece (18), g ') and at least one molding section (F) for the plastic pre-deformation of the contact workpiece (18).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a device for producing a molded part, in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising: a first pressing tool, a second pressing tool and at least one diaphragm for contacting a workpiece, wherein the first pressing tool and the second pressing tool are movable relative to each other between an open position and a closed position, wherein at least in the closed position, a mold cavity for a working medium is formed between the diaphragm and the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool, wherein a working space for accommodating the workpiece is formed between the first pressing tool and the second pressing tool, in particular between the diaphragm and the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool, and wherein the diaphragm has a film thickness, a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension.

[0002] The invention further relates to a system for producing a molded part, in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising a workpiece and a device for producing a molded part according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

[0003] The present invention also relates to a method for producing a molded part, in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising the following steps: a) providing a workpiece, b) providing a device for producing a molded part according to any one of claims 1 to 21, and c) applying pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece using the device for producing a molded part. Background Art

[0004] Fiber composites are essentially made up of two main components: reinforcing fibers and the plastic in which the fibers are embedded (the "matrix" or "resin"). The combination of these two main components can result in a composite material that exhibits properties superior to either component alone. For example, fibers contribute to the composite material's tensile strength due to their high tensile strength along the fiber direction. The matrix, on the other hand, holds the fibers in place and protects them from mechanical and chemical influences.

[0005] One of the various methods for producing molded parts from fiber composite materials is based on the use of prefabricated fiber-resin semi-finished products (so-called "prepregs," short for "preimpregnated fibers"). In these semi-finished products, the fibers are coated with a resin system that has not yet fully reacted, so the semi-finished product remains flexible (e.g., in web form, on a roll). During the molded part manufacturing process, the prepreg is formed and cured by completing a chemical reaction under high pressure and temperature. This step can be performed, for example, in a press.

[0006] Prepregs are processed on a large scale, for example, in the aviation industry. The challenges in processing these prepregs lie in the often complex geometries required for the moldings, for example due to reinforcement elements such as stringers. Furthermore, the need to reduce assembly workload necessitates the use of fewer, but larger, moldings. The combination of these complex geometries and large molding sizes places high demands on the equipment and methods used to manufacture these moldings.

[0007] For example, DE 10 2017 113 595 A1 discloses a device and method for producing molded parts from fiber composite materials. By acting on the workpiece from which the molded part is formed and applying oil pressure to the diaphragm from the side of the diaphragm facing away from the workpiece, uniform pressure is applied to the molded part to be produced. The diaphragm is then pressed against the workpiece surface by the oil pressure and thus takes on the shape of the workpiece. This ensures that the oil pressure acts in all directions, even on curved workpiece or molded part surfaces, so that the force exerted by the diaphragm on the workpiece surface is the same at all locations, and in particular, the pressure component acting perpendicular to the workpiece surface remains consistent. However, a drawback of this approach is that the diaphragm can only be elastically deformed to a certain extent, beyond which damage to the diaphragm occurs. This type of device cannot be used to produce molded parts with complex geometries, particularly those with sharp changes in curvature and / or reverse curvature.

[0008] The use of this type of "diaphragm press" to produce molded parts from fiber composite materials is also described in U.S. Patent No. US2016 / 0297153A1. However, this technology suffers from the fact that it only provides for a rigid wall structure in contact with the workpiece / molded part. While this rigid wall can be connected to a flexible membrane, the flexible membrane is not designed to contact the workpiece. Particularly in areas with less complex workpiece / molded part geometries, this rigid wall structure cannot or cannot sufficiently adapt to the workpiece or molded part geometry through elastic deformation, thus preventing uniform pressure and / or temperature loading. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device, a system and a method for producing molded parts, in particular from fiber composite materials, which enable uniform application of pressure and / or temperature in molded parts with complex or less complex geometries.

[0010] This object is achieved by the device according to the preamble of claim 1 in that the membrane, in particular along its longitudinal and / or transverse extension, comprises at least one elastically deformable base section for contacting a workpiece, in particular a molded part to be produced, and at least one plastically pre-deformed molded section for contacting a workpiece, in particular a molded part to be produced. By combining the elastically deformable base section with the plastically pre-deformed molded section, a particularly uniform application of pressure and / or temperature to geometries of varying complexity can be achieved, wherein the elastically deformable base section can adapt very well to the less complex geometries of the workpiece shape or the molded part to be produced therefrom, while the plastically pre-deformed molded section adapts to the particularly complex geometries of the workpiece shape or the molded part to be produced therefrom by plastic pre-deformation even before the application of pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece.

[0011] The longitudinal extension of the diaphragm refers to the extension of the diaphragm along its longitudinal axis, in particular starting from one of the lateral sides of the diaphragm. The transverse extension of the diaphragm refers to the extension of the diaphragm along its transverse axis, in particular starting from one of the longitudinal sides of the diaphragm. Here, the transverse extension of the diaphragm is not necessarily only along the transverse axis, and some sections may not extend along the transverse axis at all. For example, when the diaphragm extends in an arc shape around the longitudinal axis of the diaphragm at least in sections, the transverse extension of the diaphragm will extend partially along the transverse axis of the diaphragm and partially along the vertical axis of the diaphragm. Similarly, this also applies to the longitudinal extension of the diaphragm. The vertical axis of the diaphragm refers to the axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis of the diaphragm. The longitudinal axis of the diaphragm and the transverse axis of the diaphragm are perpendicular to each other.

[0012] The device comprises a first pressing tool, preferably at the top, and a second pressing tool, preferably at the bottom; the device may also comprise more pressing tools. The first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool may be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces. The first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool are preferably made of metal, in particular high-nickel steel, high-nickel cast iron or high-nickel cast steel. The corresponding nickel content may exceed 34%, preferably between 35.7% and 36.7% or between 40.8% and 43.6%. The use of metal materials, in particular steel, allows for a long service life of the pressing tools. In the case of steel, for example, Invar 36, it also has an extremely low coefficient of thermal expansion. Therefore, even in the event of temperature fluctuations during the pressing process, the use of Invar allows for the production of molded parts with high precision. Specially adapted casting alloys, preferably high-nickel cast iron or high-nickel cast steel, offer further advantages. They not only allow the maximum coefficient of thermal expansion to be kept low, but also allow the workpiece material, such as glass- or carbon-fiber-reinforced thermosets or glass- or carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, to be matched to a large extent during the heating and cooling phases of the pressing cycle. Furthermore, the use of cast materials offers significant economic advantages, as high-nickel alloy steels are extremely expensive, and during machining processes in moldmaking, material removal rates currently often exceed 50%, often reaching 70 or 80%.

[0013] The first and second pressing tools are movable relative to each other between an open position and a closed position. This allows the pressing tools to be moved toward or away from a workpiece inserted into the press or a molded part produced therefrom. In particular, the first and second pressing tools are movable relative to each other along a single axis of movement between an open position and a closed position. This defines a defined movement of the pressing tools. In the open position, a workpiece can be inserted between the two pressing tools, or a finished molded part can be removed from between the two pressing tools. In the closed position, pressure and / or temperature can be applied to the workpiece to form the desired molded part.

[0014] The device also includes at least one diaphragm. The diaphragm is used to contact the workpiece, in particular the molded part to be manufactured, and is specifically designed to apply pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece. To this end, the diaphragm is at least partially movable in the direction of the workspace, in particular stretchable. The diaphragm here includes at least one base section and at least one molding section. The diaphragm can advantageously have at least two base sections, in particular a plurality of base sections, and / or at least two molding sections, in particular a plurality of molding sections. The base section is capable of elastic, in particular linear elastic deformation, and can thus adapt well to the shape of the workpiece or the molded part to be manufactured. The molding section is, in turn, plastically pre-deformed. This means that the molding section is given a specific shape by plastic deformation, in particular plastic deformation relative to the base section. The molding section is additionally plastically deformed relative to the base section by plastic pre-deformation. This plastic pre-deformation exceeds the elastic limit of the diaphragm material. Preferably, the plastic pre-deformation causes the molded section to undergo plastic deformation at least on the side adjacent to the mold cavity and / or at least on the side adjacent to the workspace, in particular substantially throughout the entire film thickness of the molded section. The shape imparted to the molded section, particularly by the plastic pre-deformation, advantageously differs from the basic shape of the diaphragm, in particular the basic shape of the basic section, at least in the open position of the pressing tool, in particular when the diaphragm is unloaded. The purpose of this plastic pre-deformation is to adapt the molded section, at least in sections, to the shape of the workpiece or the molded part produced from the workpiece by the device. Plastic pre-deformation allows the molded section to achieve a shape that cannot be achieved by elastic, in particular linear elastic, deformation of the diaphragm during the production of the molded part. Thus, plastic pre-deformation of the molded section achieves a controlled adaptation of the molded section shape, and thus the diaphragm shape, rather than uncontrollable plastic deformation of the diaphragm when pressure and / or temperature are applied. Uncontrollable plastic deformation of the diaphragm can potentially damage the diaphragm. The molded section does not need to be completely plastically pre-deformed, preferably it is sufficient to plastically pre-deform the molded section at least in sections, more preferably in the majority. However, it can also be advantageous for the molded section to be substantially completely plastically pre-deformed.

[0015] The plastic pre-deformation of the molded section should not be considered to refer to, for example, the overall plastic deformation of the entire raw material used for the diaphragm, such as deformation performed in a rolling mill, or plastic deformation of the diaphragm that may occur during the production of the molded part due to the application of pressure and / or temperature. The molded section is preferably plastically pre-deformed at least on the side of the molded section that adjoins the mold cavity and / or at least on the side of the molded section that adjoins the workspace, in particular relative to the base section.

[0016] The base section and the molded section of the diaphragm are arranged in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm. The base section and the molded section advantageously extend in the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm. The base section and the molded section adjoin each other in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm.

[0017] The device may also comprise two or at least two diaphragms. By using two or at least two diaphragms, pressure and / or temperature can be transferred to the workpiece from different sides in a simple manner. The membrane thickness is advantageously at least 0.05 mm, preferably at least 0.2 mm, in particular at least 0.25 mm. This ensures that the diaphragm has sufficient strength. Alternatively or in addition, the membrane thickness is at most 4 mm, preferably at most 2 mm, in particular at most 1.5 mm. This ensures that the diaphragm has sufficient flexibility, in particular in the area of the base section. The diaphragm is preferably of integral and / or one-piece construction, in particular made from sheet metal. However, it may also be sufficient to form only the base section and the molded section together in one piece, in particular made from one sheet metal.

[0018] A cavity for the working medium is formed between the diaphragm and the first and / or second pressing tools, at least in the closed position. This cavity can also be formed between the diaphragm and the first and / or second pressing tools in both the open and closed positions, preferably in all positions of the pressing tools. The cavity is preferably at least partially bounded by the diaphragm and the first and / or second pressing tools. Advantageously, the cavity has the same thickness between the diaphragm and the first and / or second pressing tools, particularly at all locations along the longitudinal and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm. The cavity can be filled with the working medium, for example, a gas or a liquid. The working medium can also preferably be subjected to pressure and / or temperature. The pressure and / or temperature applied by the working medium can be transmitted to the workpiece through the diaphragm. The cavity can also preferably expand toward the workspace. An oil pressure of at least 0.1 bar, preferably at least 2 bar, more preferably at least 6 bar, particularly at least 8 bar, and / or at most 40 bar, preferably at most 26 bar, and in particular at most 22 bar can be applied to the cavity. The mold cavity is also preferably sealable by the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool and the membrane against an oil pressure of at least 4 bar, more preferably at least 8 bar, in particular at least 40 bar.

[0019] A working space for accommodating a workpiece is further formed between the first and second pressing tools, in particular between the diaphragm and the first and / or second pressing tools. This working space is preferably formed at least in the open position and / or at least in the closed position, in particular in all positions of the pressing tools. In the open position, a workpiece can be placed in the working space, while in the closed position, pressure and / or temperature can be applied to the workpiece, in particular via the diaphragm.

[0020] According to a first embodiment of the device, at least in the open position, the molding section is plastically pre-deformed relative to the base section, in particular in the longitudinal and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm. This allows the molding section to exhibit additional plastic deformation compared to the base section, which allows it to be particularly adapted to the complex geometries of the workpiece or molded part to be produced. Advantageously, the molding section is plastically pre-deformed relative to the base section in at least the open and closed positions, and preferably in every position of the pressing tool.

[0021] According to another design of the device, the diaphragm is made of metal, preferably steel, in particular stainless steel. In simple cases, it is sufficient to make the diaphragm from stainless steel that meets material specification 1.4301. However, it is preferred to use steel with good to excellent deep-drawing properties, in particular stainless steel, so-called deep-drawing steel, to make the diaphragm. The use of metal makes it possible to provide a sufficiently stable diaphragm that can withstand high pressures and / or high temperatures and has a high thermal conductivity. In addition, a diaphragm made of metal can be deformed both elastically and plastically. By using a diaphragm made of metal and having a plastically pre-deformed section, molded parts with complex geometries can be produced under high pressure and / or high temperatures, which is not possible, for example, with non-metallic diaphragms, such as silicone diaphragms. Although silicone diaphragms can, for example, adapt well to the complex geometries of workpieces or molded parts to be manufactured, they can only withstand lower pressures and / or temperatures than metal diaphragms. The lower flexibility of metal diaphragms compared to, for example, silicone diaphragms is compensated in this solution by a plastically pre-deformed molded section that adapts to the complex geometry of the workpiece or part to be processed. Advantageously, the molded section and the base section are made of the same metal. The tensile strength of the diaphragm can be 300 to 850 MPa, in particular 310 to 540 MPa or 490 to 830 MPa. The diaphragm can be made, in particular, from a steel material that contains at least the following components, expressed in percentage by weight, as elements or compounds:

[0022] Carbon: Approximately 0.16% to 0.22%

[0023] Silicon: up to about 0.13%

[0024] Manganese: approximately 0.2% to 0.4%

[0025] Nickel: up to about 0.25%

[0026] Sulfur: up to about 0.025%

[0027] Phosphorus: up to about 0.025%

[0028] Chromium: up to about 0.15%

[0029] Aluminum: approximately 0.02% to 0.07%

[0030] Copper: up to about 0.2%

[0031] The remainder is iron and unavoidable impurities. For example, the diaphragm can be made from a hot-rolled annealed steel strip or a hot-rolled steel strip according to GOST 2284-79.

[0032] Other steel alloys containing chromium, nickel and advantageously titanium and / or copper also work well.

[0033] Another design of the device provides that the base section has a greater elastic deformation capacity than the molding section, and / or that the diaphragm, in particular the base section, can deform toward the workspace through elastic deformation. This allows the base section to adapt particularly well to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be manufactured. The greater elastic deformation capacity of the base section relative to the molding section is particularly due to the plastic pre-deformation of the molding section. The base section is particularly capable of greater linear elastic deformation than the molding section. Despite the plastic pre-deformation of the molding section, it is preferably still elastically deformable. Advantageously, the base section is more elastically, in particular linearly, deformable than the molding section, at least on the side of the base section adjacent to the mold cavity and / or at least on the side of the base section adjacent to the workspace. Furthermore, the molding section is more plastically deformable than the base section, in particular, at least in the open state. This greater plastic deformation allows the molding section to be particularly well pre-adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be manufactured. Furthermore, the membrane, in particular the base section, can also be deformed in the direction of the mold cavity by elastic deformation, as an alternative or in addition.

[0034] According to one design of the device, at least in the open state, the curvature of the shape of the molded section, in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm, differs at least in sections from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section, preferably from the curvature of the shape of the edge area of the base section adjacent to the molded section. This provides a pre-deformation of the molded section to adapt to the geometry of the workpiece or the molded part to be manufactured. The curvature of the shape of the molded section can in particular differ in numerical magnitude and / or sign from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section. Thus, the molded section has a curvature variation relative to the base section, so that the molded section and the base section extend at least in sections in different directions. The shape of the molded section or the shape of the base section refers here to the overall shape of the corresponding section. Design deviations as described in the DIN 4760:1982-06 standard, preferably at least second-order design deviations and / or at least third-order and higher-order design deviations, are not considered as components of the shape or as components of the curvature of the shape. Second-order design deviations refer to waviness, while third- to fifth-order design deviations refer to roughness. Therefore, the curvature of the shape is not a defect of the diaphragm, in particular a surface defect. In particular, the curvature of the shape of the molded section is, at least in sections, at least 1.05 times smaller or larger than at least one curvature of the shape of the base section, preferably at least 1.25 times, more preferably at least 2 times, further preferably at least 4 times, even more preferably at least 10 times, even more preferably at least 25 times, even more preferably at least 50 times, even more preferably at least 100 times, even more preferably at least 250 times, even more preferably at least 500 times, even more preferably at least 1000 times, even more preferably at least 250 times, even more preferably at least 500 times, even more preferably at least 1000 times, even more preferably at least 2500 times, even more preferably at least 5000 times, and in particular at least 10,000 times, at least 10,000 times.

[0035] The at least section-wise difference between the curvature of the molded section shape and at least one curvature of the base section shape is advantageously produced by plastic pre-deformation of the molded section, in particular relative to the base section. Therefore, this curvature difference should not, for example, be caused, or at least not primarily, by elastic deformation of the diaphragm, in particular elastic deformation caused by gravity.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the device, at least in the open state, the curvature of the shape of the molding section on the side of the molding section adjacent to the mold cavity differs at least in sections from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section on the side of the base section adjacent to the mold cavity, preferably from the curvature of the shape of the edge region of the base section adjacent to the molding section on the side of the base section adjacent to the mold cavity, and / or the curvature of the shape of the molding section on the side of the molding section adjacent to the working space differs at least in sections from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section on the side of the base section adjacent to the working space, preferably from the curvature of the shape of the edge region of the base section adjacent to the molding section on the side of the base section adjacent to the working space. This provides a molding section pre-deformation that is adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be produced. It is particularly advantageous if the curvatures on the side adjacent to the working space and on the side adjacent to the mold cavity differ from each other, as this allows for particularly comprehensive adaptation of the molding section to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be produced.

[0037] Another design of the device is characterized in that, at least in the open state, the curvature of the shape of the molding section, in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm, is at least sectionally opposite to at least one curvature direction of the shape of the base section, preferably opposite to the curvature direction of the shape of the edge area of the base section adjacent to the molding section. This provides a molding section pre-deformation that is adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or the molded part to be manufactured. In particular, this can provide a molding section that is pre-deformed to adapt to more complex geometries of the workpiece or the molded part to be manufactured. The so-called opposite curvature direction means that the curvature has different signs and directions. For example, the base section can be curved to the left, that is, with a positive sign, while the molding section can be curved to the right, that is, with a negative sign, or not curved, in which case the curvature is zero and has no sign. Positive signs, negative signs and no sign are respectively regarded as different signs here.

[0038] The curvature of the shape of the molded section, which is at least partially opposite to the curvature of the shape of the base section, is advantageously generated by plastic pre-deformation of the molded section, in particular relative to the base section. Therefore, these opposite curvatures should not be caused, or at least not primarily, by elastic deformations of the membrane, in particular elastic deformations caused by gravity.

[0039] According to one embodiment of the device, at least in the open position, the curvature of the shape of the molding section on the side adjacent to the mold cavity runs at least partially opposite to at least one curvature of the shape of the base section on the side adjacent to the mold cavity, preferably to the curvature of the shape of the edge region of the molding section adjacent to the mold cavity; and / or the curvature of the shape of the molding section on the side adjacent to the working space runs at least partially opposite to at least one curvature of the shape of the base section on the side adjacent to the working space, preferably to the curvature of the shape of the edge region of the molding section adjacent to the working space. This provides a pre-deformation of the molding section that is adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be produced. It is particularly advantageous if the curvatures on the side adjacent to the working space and on the side adjacent to the mold cavity differ from each other, as this allows for particularly comprehensive adaptation of the molding section to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be produced.

[0040] Another embodiment of the device provides that a deviation of the curvature of the shape of the molding section from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section, preferably from the curvature of the shape of an edge region of the base section adjoining the molding section, is achieved by plastic deformation of the molding section, in particular plastic deformation of the molding section shape. This curvature deviation, i.e., a difference in the magnitude and / or sign of the curvature, is achieved by plastic pre-deforming the molding section. This allows the molding section to be permanently adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or molded part to be produced.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the device, the curvature of the shape of the molded section, which deviates from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section, preferably from the curvature of the shape of the edge region of the base section adjoining the molded section, extends over a length of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 70 mm, further preferably at least 100 mm, even more preferably at least 150 mm, particularly preferably at least 500 mm, and most preferably at least 1000 mm, in particular along the longitudinal and / or transverse extent of the diaphragm. This provides a molded section that can be adapted to particularly complex geometries of workpieces or molded parts to be produced and / or particularly large workpieces or molded parts to be produced. In the latter case, for example, this allows for a magnitude of directional change of the diaphragm that would not be possible without plastic pre-deforming the molded section, in particular in the case of metal diaphragms.

[0042] Another design of the device provides that, at least in the open state, the molded section and / or the base section, in particular the shape of the molded section and / or the shape of the base section, is at least partially bent about the longitudinal axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diaphragm, about the transverse axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the transverse axis of the diaphragm and / or about the vertical axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the vertical axis of the diaphragm. In this way, molded parts with complex geometries can be produced simply. For the molded section, this bending is formed on the molded section by plastic pre-deformation. Preferably, it is provided that, at least in the open state, the molded section and / or the base section, in particular the shape of the molded section and / or the shape of the base section, is at least partially bent about at least two axes selected from the following group: the longitudinal axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the diaphragm, the transverse axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the transverse axis of the diaphragm, and the vertical axis of the diaphragm or an axis parallel to the vertical axis of the diaphragm. In other words, it is advantageous if, at least in the open state, the molded section and / or the base section, in particular the shape of the molded section and / or the shape of the base section, is at least partially curved about at least two axes running perpendicular to one another. This provides a membrane that is at least partially doubly curved. This allows simple production of molded parts with complex geometries, in particular doubly curved parts. Advantageously, provision is made for the molded section, preferably the shape of the molded section, to be curved at least partially about at least two axes running perpendicular to one another, by plastic pre-deforming the molded section, preferably relative to the base section.

[0043] According to one design of the device, at least in the open state, the molding section, in particular the side of the molding section adjoining the mold cavity and / or the side of the molding section adjoining the working space, is spaced apart from the base section, in particular the edge region of the base section adjoining the molding section, at least in sections, in the direction toward the mold cavity and / or the working space, in particular substantially perpendicular to the surface of the edge region of the base section adjoining the molding section, by a distance that is at least equivalent to the thickness of the diaphragm. This provides a molding section that can adapt to complex geometries of workpieces or molded parts to be manufactured. In particular, in the open state and during application of pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece, the molding section provides sufficient space for projections on the workpiece or molded part to be manufactured. Furthermore, a molding section of this design can be arranged sufficiently close to recesses in the workpiece or molded part to be manufactured, thereby achieving uniform contact of the molding section. Although, for example, a spacing in the direction of the mold cavity may increase the volume of the mold cavity, since a sufficient spacing between the molding section and the pressing tool generally requires an overall increase in the distance between the diaphragm and the pressing tool. This may result in higher acquisition costs, higher operating costs, a higher risk of sealing failure and a higher temperature control hysteresis, it has the advantage that a uniformity of distribution of the pressure effective during the pressing process can also be achieved in the molding section, which is consistent with overall process considerations. Advantageously, the spacing exists, at least in the open state, between the side of the molding section adjacent to the mold cavity and the side of the base section adjacent to the mold cavity, and / or between the side of the molding section adjacent to the working space and the side of the base section adjacent to the working space. The spacing is preferably at least 6 mm, more preferably at least 15 mm, further preferably at least 50 mm, particularly preferably at least 72 mm and most preferably at least 1000 mm. Alternatively or additionally, the distance may be at least 1.25 times the thickness of the membrane, preferably at least 1.41 times, more preferably at least 7 times, further preferably at least 25 times, even further preferably at least 50 times, and particularly preferably at least 100 times. The molded section may also advantageously be spaced apart from the base section in the vertical direction by this distance.

[0044] Another embodiment of the device provides that, at least in the open state, the molded section, in particular in the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm, extends at least in sections at an angle relative to the base section, and preferably, at least in sections, there is an angle of at least 90°, preferably at least 100°, in particular at least 120°, and / or a maximum of 180°, preferably a maximum of 160°, in particular a maximum of 145° between the molded section and the base section. This makes it possible to achieve a diaphragm with a certain degree of directional change that would not be possible without plastic pre-deformation of the molded section, in particular in the case of diaphragms made of metal.

[0045] According to one embodiment of the device, the molding section extends, in particular in the longitudinal and / or transverse extension of the membrane, by at least 6 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 70 mm, further preferably at least 100 mm, even more preferably at least 150 mm, particularly preferably at least 500 mm, and most preferably at least 1000 mm. This provides a sufficiently large molding section that is also suitable for workpieces or molded parts to be produced that have relatively large dimensions and complex geometries.

[0046] Another embodiment of the device provides that the film thickness of the molding section deviates from the film thickness of the base section, in particular the edge region of the base section adjacent to the molding section, by up to 40%, preferably up to 25%, more preferably up to 15%, particularly preferably up to 10%, and most preferably up to 5%. This provides a membrane with a particularly uniform film thickness. In this case, the plastic pre-deformation of the molding section has only a slight effect on the film thickness of the molding section. This film thickness deviation advantageously occurs along substantially the entire molding section. Advantageously, the molding section and the base section, in particular the edge region of the base section adjacent to the molding section, have substantially the same film thickness.

[0047] One design of the device provides that the membrane, in particular the base section and / or the molded section, has a surface structure at least in sections. This surface structure is preferably provided on the side of the membrane, in particular the base section and / or the molded section, that abuts the workspace. This allows for the transfer of the structure to the workpiece or molded part to be manufactured. Advantageously, the surface structure may have a mushroom-shaped, honeycomb-shaped, grooved, and / or finger-shaped surface structure on the micrometer or millimeter scale. This preferably means that the height or depth of the surface structure's protrusions or depressions is between 0.05 μm and 5 mm ±10%. Particularly preferably, the height or depth of the surface structure's protrusions or depressions is between 0.5 μm and 500 μm ±10%. Alternatively or additionally, the surface structure may have a regular pattern and / or be formed like shark skin. Preferably, the surface structure comprises not just a single protrusion or depression, but rather a plurality of protrusions and / or depressions. These protrusions and / or depressions are preferably not randomly distributed on the membrane, but rather have a regular arrangement. In particular, the surface structure of the membrane has translational symmetry, i.e., it forms a regularly repeating pattern. A honeycomb-like surface structure is preferred, wherein hexagonal protrusions and / or depressions fill the surface with translational symmetry. Further preferred are finger-like or mushroom-like protrusions and / or depressions, wherein the pattern of protrusions and / or depressions can be described by one of the five two-dimensional Bravais lattices. The finger-like or mushroom-like structure of the membrane forms a rhombic, square, rectangular, hexagonal, or face-centered (rechteckig- More preferably, the surface structure of the diaphragm comprises hill-like protrusions with sharp depressions. The diaphragm is preferably designed so that its surface structure corresponds to an embossing or negative mold of a rib structure (also known as shark skin).

[0048] Another embodiment of the device is characterized in that the surface of the membrane, in particular the base section and / or the mold section, at least in sections, preferably on the side of the membrane facing the working space, has an average roughness of less than 63 μm, preferably less than 12 μm, more preferably between 0.1 μm and 10 μm, in particular between 0.1 μm and 3 μm. This provides a membrane with a particularly smooth surface and thus a particularly smooth surface in the molded part to be produced.

[0049] According to one embodiment of the device, the diaphragm is arranged at least sectionally between the first pressing tool and the second pressing tool, and / or the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool are connected to the diaphragm. By connecting the diaphragm to one of the pressing tools, a defined support of the diaphragm can be achieved.

[0050] One design of the device provides that, at least in the closed state, the mold cavity is sealed by at least one seal; a sealing force can be applied to the diaphragm by means of the seal; and preferably, the diaphragm is movable relative to the seal. By means of a corresponding seal, leakage of the working medium from the mold cavity can be prevented in a structurally simple manner. By making the diaphragm movable relative to the seal, changes in the length of the diaphragm, in particular caused by thermal expansion or thermal contraction, do not lead to excessive tensioning of the diaphragm or uneven fitting on the workpiece / molded part to be manufactured. In addition, the mobility of the diaphragm relative to the seal simplifies the pre-tensioning of the diaphragm, since the pre-tensioning force can be applied to the diaphragm outside the area sealed by the seal. Advantageously, it is provided that the device includes at least one device for varying the sealing force of the seal, so that a particularly tight sealing of the mold cavity is achieved.

[0051] Another embodiment of the device is characterized in that the first pressing tool and the second pressing tool are movable relative to each other along a movement axis; the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool have a first pressing plane and a second pressing plane; and the first pressing plane and the second pressing plane of each respective pressing tool are spaced apart from each other in the direction of the movement axis. The correspondingly spaced pressing planes further simplify the production of molded parts with complex geometries, since the shape of the pressing tool can thus be adapted to the geometry of the workpiece or the molded part to be produced, so that the pressure and / or temperature can be applied more evenly. Advantageously, the movement axis runs horizontally or vertically. Preferably, the movement axis passes essentially centrally through the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool. Alternatively or in addition, the movement axis passes essentially centrally through the workspace.

[0052] The shape of the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool, in particular the shape of the first pressing plane and / or the second pressing plane of the first pressing tool and / or the second pressing tool, corresponds here at least on the side adjacent to the working space and / or the mold cavity to the shape of the diaphragm on the side adjacent to the mold cavity and / or the working space, preferably to the shape of the molding section on the side adjacent to the mold cavity and / or the working space.

[0053] One design of the device includes at least one device for varying the diaphragm pretension. This has the advantage that the diaphragm can already be uniformly applied to the workpiece, particularly before or at the onset of the application of temperature and pressure to the workpiece. The device for varying the diaphragm pretension can be implemented, for example, by a spring with adjustable spring travel or pretension.

[0054] Furthermore, the object stated at the outset is achieved by a system for producing molded parts, in particular from fiber composite materials, comprising a workpiece and a device for producing molded parts according to any one of claims 1 to 21 .

[0055] According to one embodiment of the system, in the apparatus for producing molded parts, the shape of the molding section, at least in the open state, is adapted at least in sections to the shape of the workpiece by plastic deformation. This allows the diaphragm, particularly in the case of a metal diaphragm, to conform evenly to the workpiece or molded part to be produced, especially in the case of workpieces or molded parts with complex geometries. Preferably, the shape of the molding section, at least in the open state, is adapted at least in sections to the shape of the workpiece by plastic pre-deformation of the molding section.

[0056] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a method for producing molded parts, in particular molded parts from fiber composite materials, comprising the following steps: a) providing a workpiece; b) providing an apparatus for producing molded parts according to any one of claims 1 to 21; and c) applying pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece using the apparatus for producing molded parts. The method advantageously further comprises the step b1) of inserting the workpiece into the apparatus for producing molded parts. Preferably, the workpiece is inserted into a workspace in step b1). Furthermore, in step b1), the pressing tool is advantageously in an open position. The method also preferably comprises the step b2) of moving the first pressing tool and the second pressing tool from an open position to a closed position. Steps b1) and / or b2) are preferably performed after steps a) and / or b). Alternatively or additionally, steps b1) and / or b2) are also preferably performed before step c). Further preferably, step b1) is performed before step b2).

[0057] According to one embodiment of the method, in the device for producing a molded part provided in step b), the shape of the molding section, at least in the open state, is adapted at least in sections to the shape of the workpiece by plastic deformation. This allows the diaphragm, particularly in the case of a metal diaphragm, to conform uniformly to the workpiece or molded part to be produced, especially for workpieces or molded parts with complex geometries. Preferably, the shape of the molding section, at least in the open state, is adapted at least in sections to the shape of the workpiece by plastic pre-deformation of the molding section. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show only preferred embodiments.

[0059] Display:

[0060] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a device for producing a molded part is shown, wherein the pressing tool of the device is in the open state;

[0061] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 The device shown, wherein the workpiece is loaded into the working space of the device and the pressing tool of the device is in the open state;

[0062] Figure 3 Shown Figure 1 The device shown, wherein the workpiece is loaded into the working space of the device and the pressing tool of the device is in a closed state;

[0063] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view shows a second embodiment of a device for producing a molded part, comprising two membranes and with the pressing tool of the device in the open state;

[0064] Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a device for producing a molded part, wherein the pressing tool of the device is in the open state;

[0065] Figure 6 Shown Figure 5 The device shown, wherein the membrane is bent along at least two axes extending perpendicular to each other and the pressing tool of the device is in an open state;

[0066] Figure 7a shows a detail of a membrane of a device for producing a molded part, which has a first surface structure and a structuring applied thereby to the molded part;

[0067] Figure 7b A detail of a membrane of a device for producing a molded part is shown, which membrane has a second surface structure and the structuring applied thereby to the molded part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a device for producing a molded part 1 is shown, wherein the pressing tools 2, 3 of the device are in an open position. At this point, no workpiece has yet been placed in the device.

[0069] The device 1 comprises an upper first pressing tool 2 and a lower second pressing tool 3. The two pressing tools 2, 3 can be moved relative to each other between an open position and a closed position, for example in a vertical direction ( Figure 1 In this case, only one of the two pressing tools 2, 3, in particular the first pressing tool 2, needs to be movably supported.

[0070] Furthermore, the device 1 comprises a membrane 4 which is connected to the first pressing tool 2 in this embodiment. Figure 1 As an alternative to the configuration shown, the diaphragm 4 can also be connected to the second pressing tool 3, for example. A cavity 5 for a working medium, for example oil, is formed between the diaphragm 4 and the first pressing tool 2. The diaphragm 4 is made of metal and preferably has a thickness of between 0.05 mm and 4.0 mm. The cavity 5 can be filled with the working medium via a channel 6. Both the first pressing tool 2 and the second pressing tool 3 are provided with a bore 7 through which a heating and / or cooling medium can be conducted. Alternatively or additionally, the first pressing tool 2 and / or the second pressing tool 3 can also include a heating element that can be inserted into the respective pressing tool 2, 3, in particular an insertable heating plate.

[0071] exist Figure 1 In the configuration of the device 1 shown, a working space 8 is formed between the two pressing tools 2, 3, and here the working space 8 is formed in particular between the membrane 4 and the second pressing tool 3. Figure 1 The two pressing tools 2 and 3 preferably have a guide device 9, which can be formed by a protrusion 9A and a groove 9B, wherein the protrusion 9A can be provided on the second pressing tool 3 and the groove 9B can be provided on the first pressing tool 2.

[0072] The membrane 4 is connected to the first pressing tool 2 in the following manner: the first pressing tool 2 has a surrounding edge element 10, which is connected to the first pressing tool 2, in particular by screws ( Figure 1 (The screw connections are not shown.) A gap 11 is formed between the first pressing tool 2 and its edge element 10, through which the diaphragm 4 is guided. This gap 11 leads to a cavity 12, in which a clamping device 13 is located, clamping the diaphragm 4. The clamping device 13 is connected to a tie rod 14, which is guided through the openings in the first pressing tool 2 and the edge element 10. Here, it is pushed outward by a spring 15 supported on the outer surface, thereby prestressing the diaphragm 4. The spring 15 is part of the device for varying the prestressing of the diaphragm 4.

[0073] In order to seal the mold cavity 5, a seal 16 is provided in the gap 11, which allows the membrane 4 to move. The seal 16 is pressed against the membrane 4 with a sealing force. A device 17 for changing the sealing force of the seal 16 is provided here to change the sealing force.

[0074] exist Figure 1 In the present view shown, the transverse axis Q of the diaphragm 4 extends from left to right and the longitudinal axis L of the diaphragm 4 extends to Figure 1 In the drawing, the vertical axis H of the diaphragm 4 extends from bottom to top. Figure 1 And the subsequent figures are marked accordingly. Figure 1 The lateral extension of the diaphragm 4 is substantially from left to right or from right to left, and the longitudinal extension of the diaphragm 4 is substantially into Figure 1 or leave Figure 1 's drawing.

[0075] The diaphragm 4 here has at least one elastically deformable base section G, G' for contacting a workpiece, in particular a molded part to be manufactured, and at least one plastically preformed molding section F for contacting a workpiece, in particular a molded part to be manufactured. In this embodiment of the device 1, a first base section G, a molding section F adjacent to the first base section G, and a second base section G' adjacent to the molding section F are provided along the lateral extension of the diaphragm 4. Here, the molding section F is plastically preformed relative to the base sections G, G'. By plastic preforming, the molding section F is given a shape that is different from at least one base section G, G', preferably from both base sections G, G'. In this embodiment, the molding section F does not extend parallel to the base sections G, G', but rather extends at an angle relative to the base sections G, G'. By plastic preforming of the molding section F, the device 1 can be used to process workpieces with complex geometries and manufacture molded parts with complex geometries. In particular, with devices 1 having a diaphragm 4 made of metal, elastic deformation of the diaphragm 4 is only possible to a certain extent in order to adapt the diaphragm 4 to the shape of a workpiece or a molded part to be produced having a complex geometry.

[0076] Due to the plastic preforming of the molded section F, the base sections G and G' have a stronger elastic deformation capability than the molded section F. Compared with the molded section F, the base sections G and G' can be deformed more greatly in the direction of the working space 8 through elastic, in particular linear elastic, deformation. Nevertheless, the molded section F can still be further elastically deformed, at least to a certain extent.

[0077] In the outer region extending transversely along the diaphragm 4, the molded section F has bends K and K', respectively. These bends K and K' are generated by plastically pre-deforming the molded section F relative to the base sections G and G'. In the bends K and K' region, the shape of the molded section F has a different curvature than that of the base sections G and G', both in terms of the curvature value and the curvature sign. As a result, the base sections G and G', and in particular the edge regions of each corresponding base section G and G' adjacent to the molded section, have zero curvature due to their straight-line extension. However, the curvature of the molded section F in the bends K and K' region is non-zero, resulting in a different curvature from the base sections G and G'.

[0078] Here, this curvature difference and the existence of reverse curvature appear both between the curvature of the shape of the molding section F on the side where the molding section F is adjacent to the mold cavity 5 and the curvature of the shape of the basic sections G, G', preferably the shape of the edge area of the basic sections G, G' respectively adjacent to the molding section F on the side where the basic sections G, G' are adjacent to the mold cavity 5, and also between the curvature of the shape of the molding section F on the side where the molding section F is adjacent to the working space 8 and the shape of the basic sections G, G', preferably the shape of the edge area of the basic sections G, G' respectively adjacent to the molding section F on the side where the basic sections G, G' are adjacent to the working space 8.

[0079] In the present embodiment, the molding section F extends at an angle in sections, specifically at an angle of 45° relative to the base sections G and G'. In the present embodiment, the molding section F, particularly on the side of the molding section F adjacent to the mold cavity 5 and the side of the molding section F adjacent to the working space 8, at least in sections maintains a certain distance from the first base section G, specifically the edge region of the first base section G adjacent to the molding section F, in the direction of the mold cavity 5, specifically substantially perpendicular to the surface of the edge region. The molding section F also maintains a certain distance in the direction of the working space 8, specifically substantially perpendicular to the surface of the edge region, from the second base section G', specifically the edge region of the second base section G' adjacent to the molding section F. This distance is at least equivalent to the thickness of the diaphragm.

[0080] The difference in curvature between the shape of the molded section F and the shape of the base sections G, G' is produced by plastic deformation, in particular plastic pre-deformation, of the molded section F. Despite this plastic deformation or pre-deformation, the film thickness of the molded section F deviates from the film thickness of the base sections G, G' by up to 40%.

[0081] Figure 2 Shown Figure 1 The device 1 is a device in which a workpiece 18 is placed in the working space 8 of the device 1 and the pressing tools 2 and 3 of the device 1 are in the open position. Figure 2The corresponding reference numerals are marked in the figure. Figure 1 The difference is that the workpiece 18 is already inserted into the working space 8 .

[0082] Figure 3 Shown Figure 1 The device 1 in which the workpiece 18 is placed in the working space 8 of the device 1 and the pressing tools 2 and 3 of the device 1 are in the closed position. Figure 3 The corresponding reference numerals are also marked in the figure. The device 1 is closed by moving the two pressing tools 2 and 3 toward each other, so that the pressing tools 2 and 3 are in the closed position. Figure 3 In the closed position shown, pressure and temperature are applied to the workpiece 18. The pressure is applied by introducing a working medium, such as oil, into the die cavity 5 via the channel 6. This pressurizes the diaphragm 4 toward the workpiece 18. The temperature can be applied in various ways: one way is to heat the working medium introduced into the die cavity 5 via the channel 6. Heat from the working medium in the die cavity 5 is then transferred to the workpiece 18 via the diaphragm 4. Conversely, the working medium can be cooled to cool the workpiece 18. Alternatively or additionally, a heating or cooling medium can flow through the bore 7, thereby heating or cooling the two pressing tools 2, 3 and, therefore, the workpiece 18.

[0083] Figure 4 A cross-section through a second embodiment of a device 1 for producing molded parts is shown, wherein the device 1 comprises two membranes 4 and the pressing tools 2 , 3 of the device 1 are in an open position. Furthermore, a workpiece 18 has been introduced into the working space 8 of the device 1 . Figure 4 The second embodiment of the device 1 shown is similar to the above Figures 1 to 3 The main difference of the first embodiment of the device 1 shown is that a membrane 4' is also provided on the second pressing tool 3. Identical components in the two embodiments are given the same reference numerals. The following details the differences between the two embodiments.

[0084] exist Figure 4 In the device 1 shown, diaphragms 4 and 4' are provided on the first pressing tool 2 and the second pressing tool 3, respectively. The structure of the first pressing tool 2 and the first diaphragm 4 connected thereto is similar to that of the first pressing tool 2 and the second diaphragm 4 connected thereto. Figures 1 to 3The same design as shown. In this embodiment, the second pressing tool 3 also includes a second diaphragm 4' that has been plastically preformed. The first diaphragm 4 and the second diaphragm 4' have the same structural design. The second diaphragm 4' also has a molding section F and two basic sections G, G' by plastic preforming, wherein the shape of the molding section F has a curvature difference at least sectionally from the shape of the basic sections G, G'. By providing two diaphragms 4 and 4', pressure and temperature can be applied to the workpiece 18 simultaneously from both sides, in the current embodiment from above and below. As in the first embodiment of the device 1, the pressing tools 2, 3 can be moved relative to each other from an open position to a closed position ( Figure 4 In this case, a working space 8 is formed between the first pressing tool 2 and the second pressing tool 3, in particular between the first diaphragm 4 and the second diaphragm 4'.

[0085] Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a device 1 for producing molded parts is shown, wherein the pressing tools 2 , 3 of the device 1 are in an open position. Furthermore, a workpiece 18 has been introduced into the working space 8 of the device 1 . Figure 5 The third embodiment of the device 1 shown is similar to the above Figures 1 to 3 The first embodiment of the device 1 shown mainly differs in the shape of the pressing tools 2, 3 and the shape of the membrane 4. Identical components in these embodiments are given the same reference numerals. The following detailed description focuses on the differences between these two embodiments.

[0086] In a third embodiment of the apparatus 1, the two pressing tools 2 and 3 are essentially circular arc-shaped. Furthermore, the diaphragm 4 is also essentially circular arc-shaped in sections, particularly in the region of the base sections G and G'. Due to elastic deformation, in this case caused by gravity, the base sections G and G' have an essentially continuous curvature. The plastically pre-deformed molding section F, on the other hand, has an essentially S-shaped shape due to the plastic pre-deformation, particularly relative to the base sections G and G'. The shape of the molding section F is adapted to the complex geometry of the workpiece 18 and the molded part to be produced therefrom, which is placed in the working space 8 of the apparatus 1. The curvature of the shape of the molding section F, along the lateral extension of the diaphragm 4, differs at least in sections from the curvature of the edge regions of the respective base sections G and G' that adjoin the molding section F. Furthermore, the curvature of the shape of the molding section F, along the lateral extension of the diaphragm 4, is at least in sections opposite to the curvature of the shape of the edge regions of the respective base sections G and G' that adjoin the molding section F. Therefore, the curvature direction of the shape of the molded section F in the second bend K' region is opposite to the curvature direction of the shape of the base sections G, G'.

[0087] Figure 6 Shown Figure 51 , wherein the membrane 4 is bent along at least two mutually perpendicular axes and the pressing tools 2 , 3 of the device 1 are in an open position. In addition, a workpiece 18 has been inserted into the working space 8 of the device 1 . Figure 6 and Figure 5 The difference between the two is basically only the shape of the diaphragm 4. Therefore, the same parts have the same reference numerals. The following mainly describes the differences in detail.

[0088] Figure 6 The diaphragm 4 and Figure 5 The same as in the embodiment, with a plastically preformed molded section F and two elastically deformable base sections G, G'. Figure 6 The diaphragm 4 shown is also bent around at least two mutually perpendicular axes. Figure 6 In the portion within the drawing, the membrane 4 has a curvature in sections about the transverse axis Q and a curvature about the longitudinal axis L. In the present membrane 4, in particular, the shape of the molded section F is curved about the transverse axis Q and the longitudinal axis L, wherein the shape of the base sections G, G' is also curved at least in sections about the transverse axis Q and the longitudinal axis L. This allows the production of molded parts with very complex geometries, such as aircraft cockpits with double curvature.

[0089] Figure 7a A detail of a membrane 4 of a device 1 for producing a molded part is shown, which has a first surface structure 20 and a corresponding structuring 21 formed thereby on a molded part 19 . The molded part 19 is produced from a workpiece 18 . Figure 7a The structuring 21 in the molded part 19 is formed as a rib-like structure or sharkskin structure. This rib-like structure provides the molded part 19 with a low flow resistance. This rib-like structure comprises regularly spaced ribs 22 with sharp tips, with the tips being spaced 50 μm apart in the present embodiment. The height of the ribs 22, or the depth of the grooves formed by the spaced ribs 22, is 70 μm in the present embodiment. The rib structure on the molded part 19 is formed by embossing the surface structure 20 of the diaphragm 4 onto the workpiece 18 and thus onto the molded part 19, with the surface structure 20 being the negative of the rib structure.

[0090] Figure 7b A detail of a membrane 4 of an apparatus 1 for producing a molded part is shown, which has a second surface structure 20' and a corresponding structuring 21' formed thereby on a molded part 19. This structuring 21' of the molded part 19 is finger-shaped and creates a lotus effect, causing water to roll off the surface of the molded part 19. The fingers 23 of the finger-shaped structuring are approximately 100 μm long and 20 μm wide, with a spacing of 30 μm between each other.

[0091] Description of Reference Numerals

[0092] 1 Device for producing molded parts

[0093] 2. First pressing tool

[0094] 3 Second pressing tool

[0095] 4,4' diaphragm

[0096] 5 Cavity

[0097] 6 channels

[0098] 7. Drilling

[0099] 8 Workspace

[0100] 9 Guidance Device

[0101] 9A raised

[0102] 9B groove

[0103] 10 Edge components

[0104] 11 Gap

[0105] 12 Cavity

[0106] 13 Clamping device

[0107] 14 tie rod

[0108] 15 Spring

[0109] 16 seals

[0110] 17 Device for changing sealing force

[0111] 18 Workpieces

[0112] 19 Molded parts

[0113] 20,20' surface structure

[0114] 21,21'Structural Department

[0115] 22 ribs

[0116] 23 fingers

[0117] F Molding section

[0118] G,G' basic segment

[0119] H vertical axis

[0120] K,K',K” bending

[0121] L vertical axis

[0122] Q horizontal axis

Claims

1. A device (1) for producing a molded part, in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising: - a first pressing tool (2), - a second pressing tool (3), and - at least one diaphragm (4, 4') for contacting a workpiece (18), wherein the first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3) are movable relative to each other between an open position and a closed position, wherein a cavity (5) for the working medium is formed between the membrane (4, 4') and the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3), at least in the closed position, wherein a working space (8) for accommodating a workpiece (18) is formed between the first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3), in particular between the membrane (3) and the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3), and The membrane (4, 4') has a membrane thickness, a longitudinal extension and a transverse extension, It is characterized by: The diaphragm (4, 4') has, in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), at least one elastically deformable base section (G, G') for contacting a workpiece (18) and at least one plastically pre-deformed molded section (F) for contacting the workpiece (18).

2. The device (1) according to claim 1, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the molded section (F) is plastically pre-deformed relative to the base section (G, G'), in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the membrane (4, 4').

3. The device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, It is characterized by: The diaphragms (4, 4') are made of metal, preferably steel, in particular stainless steel.

4. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, It is characterized by: The base section (G, G') is more elastically deformable than the molded section (F), and / or the membrane (4, 4'), in particular the base section (G, G'), is deformable in the direction of the working space (8) by elastic deformation.

5. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the curvature of the shape of the molded section (F), in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), at least in sections, differs from at least one curvature of the shape of the base section (G, G'), preferably from the curvature of the shape of the edge area of the base section (G, G') adjacent to the molded section (F).

6. The device (1) according to claim 5, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the curvature of the shape of the molding section (F) on the side where the molding section (F) is adjacent to the mold cavity (5) is at least sectionally different from at least one curvature of the shape of the basic section (G, G') on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the mold cavity (5), preferably different from the curvature of the shape of the edge area adjacent to the basic section (G, G') and the molding section (F) on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the mold cavity (5), and / or the curvature of the shape of the molding section (F) on the side where the molding section (F) is adjacent to the working space (8) is at least sectionally different from at least one curvature of the shape of the basic section (G, G') on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the working space (8), preferably different from the curvature of the shape of the edge area adjacent to the basic section (G, G') and the molding section (F) on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the working space (8).

7. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the curvature of the shape of the molded section (F), in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), is at least partially opposite to at least one curvature of the shape of the base section (G, G'), preferably opposite to the curvature of the shape of the edge area of the base section (G, G') adjacent to the molded section (F).

8. The device (1) according to claim 7, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the curvature of the shape of the molding section (F) on the side where the molding section (F) is adjacent to the mold cavity (5) is at least partially opposite to at least one curvature direction of the shape of the basic section (G, G') on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the mold cavity (5), preferably opposite to the curvature direction of the shape of the edge area adjacent to the molding section (F) on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the mold cavity (5), and / or the curvature of the shape of the molding section (F) on the side where the molding section (F) is adjacent to the working space (8) is at least partially opposite to the curvature direction of the shape of the basic section (G, G') on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the working space (8), preferably opposite to the curvature direction of the shape of the edge area adjacent to the molding section (F) on the side where the basic section (G, G') is adjacent to the working space (8).

9. The device (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 8, It is characterized by: The difference in curvature of the shape of the molding section (F) and at least one curvature of the shape of the base section (G, G'), preferably the difference in curvature of the shape of the edge area of the base section (G, G') adjacent to the molding section (F), is produced by plastic deformation of the molding section (F), in particular plastic deformation of the shape of the molding section.

10. The device (1) according to any one of claims 5 to 9, It is characterized by: The difference between the curvature of the shape of the molded section (F) and at least one curvature of the shape of the base section (G, G'), preferably the difference in the curvature of the shape of the edge area of the base section (G, G') adjacent to the molded section (F), in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), extends over a length of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, further preferably at least 70 mm, further preferably at least 100 mm, further preferably at least 150 mm, further preferably at least 500 mm, and in particular at least 1000 mm.

11. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the molded section (F) and / or the base section (G, G'), in particular the shape of the molded section (F) and / or the shape of the base section (G, G'), is bent at least sectionally around the longitudinal axis (L) of the diaphragm (4, 4') or an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis (L) of the diaphragm (4, 4'), around the transverse axis (Q) of the diaphragm (4, 4') or an axis parallel to the transverse axis (Q) of the diaphragm (4, 4'), and / or around the vertical axis (H) of the diaphragm (4, 4') or an axis parallel to the vertical axis (H) of the diaphragm (4, 4').

12. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the molding section (F), in particular on the side of the molding section (F) adjacent to the molding cavity (5) and / or on the side of the molding section (F) adjacent to the working space (8), is at least sectionally separated from the base section (G, G'), in particular the edge area adjacent to the base section (G, G') and the molding section (F), in the direction of the molding cavity (5) and / or the working space (8), in particular in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the edge area adjacent to the base section (G, G') and the molding section (F), and the distance corresponds at least to the thickness of the film.

13. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, It is characterized by: At least in the open position, the molded section (F), in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the diaphragm (4, 4'), extends at least sectionally obliquely relative to the base section (G, G'), and preferably there is at least sectionally an angle of at least 90°, preferably at least 100°, in particular at least 120°, and / or at most 180°, preferably at most 160°, in particular at most 145° between the molded section (F) and the base section (G, G').

14. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, It is characterized by: The molded section (F) extends, in particular along the longitudinal extension and / or transverse extension of the membrane (4, 4'), by at least 6 mm, preferably at least 50 mm, further preferably at least 70 mm, further preferably at least 100 mm, further preferably at least 150 mm, further preferably at least 500 mm, in particular at least 1000 mm.

15. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, It is characterized by: The difference between the film thickness of the molded section (F) and the film thickness of the base section (G, G'), in particular the film thickness of the edge area adjacent to the base section (G, G') and the molded section (F), is at most 40%, preferably at most 25%, further preferably at most 15%, in particular at most 10%, and further in particular at most 5%.

16. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, It is characterized by: The diaphragm (4, 4'), in particular the base section (G, G') and / or the molded section (F), has a surface structure (20, 20') at least in sections, and the surface structure (20, 20') is preferably arranged on a side of the diaphragm (4, 4'), in particular the base section (G, G') and / or the molded section (F) adjacent to the working space (8).

17. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, It is characterized by: The surface of the diaphragm (4, 4'), in particular the surface of the base section (G, G') and / or the molded section (F), at least in sections, preferably on the side of the diaphragm (4, 4') facing the working space (8), has an average roughness of less than 63 μm, preferably less than 12 μm, further preferably between 0.1 μm and 10 μm, in particular between 0.1 μm and 3 μm.

18. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, It is characterized by: The membrane (4, 4') is at least partially arranged between the first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3), and / or the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3) are connected to the membrane (4, 4').

19. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 18, It is characterized by: The mould cavity (5) is sealed at least in the closed position by at least one seal (16), a sealing force can be exerted on the membrane (4, 4') by the seal (16), and the membrane (4, 4') is preferably movable relative to the seal (16).

20. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, It is characterized by: The first pressing tool (2) and the second pressing tool (3) are capable of moving relative to each other along a movement axis, the first pressing tool (2) and / or the second pressing tool (3) have a first pressing plane and a second pressing plane, and the first pressing plane and the second pressing plane of each corresponding pressing tool (2, 3) are spaced apart from each other in the direction of the movement axis.

21. The device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, It is characterized by: It also comprises at least one device for changing the preload of the diaphragm (4, 4').

22. System for producing a molded part (19), in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising: - a workpiece (18), and - Device (1) for producing molded parts according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

23. The system according to claim 22, It is characterized by: In a device (1) for producing a molded part, the shape of a molding section (F) is adapted at least partially to the shape of a workpiece (18) at least in an open position by plastic deformation.

24. A method for producing a molded part (19), in particular from a fiber composite material, comprising the following steps: a) providing a workpiece (18), b) providing an apparatus (1) for producing a molded part according to any one of claims 1 to 21, and c) applying pressure and / or temperature to the workpiece (18) using the device (1) for producing a molded part.

25. The method according to claim 24, It is characterized by: In the device (1) for producing a molded part provided in step b), the shape of the molding section (F) is adapted at least sectionally to the shape of the workpiece (18) at least in the open position by plastic deformation.

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