Tire assembly with circumferential shape memory alloy structure

Abstract

A tire assembly includes a tread portion, a rim, and at least a first belt assembly positioned between the tread portion and the rim. The first belt assembly includes a first SMA element having an outer surface and a first bead member having an outer surface. The first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly and the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. The first belt assembly further includes a plurality of fiber reinforcement members. Each of the plurality of fiber reinforcement members extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element and the outer surface of the first bead member to form the first belt assembly.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 946,402, filed September 16, 2022, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 244,928, filed September 16, 2021. This application also claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 435,016, filed December 23, 2022. All applications listed above are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to shape memory alloys (“SMA”), and more particularly to SMAs combined with polymer structures for use in a variety of applications. Background Technology

[0004] Existing technologies primarily focus on the combination of steel and vulcanized rubber (e.g., for tires). The bonding of steel and rubber is a common but specialized process involving coating steel with brass and vulcanizing the rubber in the presence of sulfur compounds to form unique chemical bonds, relying on a strong bond between the steel and brass. The entire contents of U.S. Patent No. 4,391,318 are incorporated herein by reference. European Patent No. EP2576212B1 is also incorporated herein by reference.

[0005] Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metals with unique properties compared to other metals. SMAs exhibit pseudoelasticity, allowing for recoverable strain orders of magnitude higher than that of steel. The unique chemical properties and material characteristics of SMAs (such as nickel-titanium alloys, "Nitinol") provide them with advantages such as high elasticity and strength. SMAs are less stiff than steel and therefore their elastic properties can be utilized, whereas steel is typically used for reinforcement in similar applications. Therefore, it is desirable to leverage the advantages offered by the material properties of SMAs to improve existing technologies.

[0006] The background description disclosed anywhere in this patent application contains information that may help in understanding the invention. However, this does not imply an admission that any information provided herein is prior art or related to the currently claimed invention, nor does it imply an admission that any express or implied references to publications are prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] According to a first aspect of the invention, a tire assembly is provided, comprising a tread portion, a rim, and at least a first belt assembly positioned between the tread portion and the rim. The tread portion may generally be the outer periphery of the tire assembly, while the rim or rim portion may generally be the inner periphery. One or more belt assemblies are positioned between the two. The first belt assembly includes a first SMA element having an outer surface and a first bead member having an outer surface. The first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. The first belt assembly also includes a plurality of fiber reinforcement members. Each of the plurality of fiber reinforcement members extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element and the outer surface of the first bead member to form the first belt assembly.

[0008] This invention includes combining SMA with polymers to create a combination of elasticity and strength, and structures that link, encapsulate, and wrap SMA elements within polymers. The SMA structure combined with the polymer creates a structure that combines high elasticity and strength without the need for pneumatic components (pressurized air in the case of tires). In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a hypercyclic SMA structure encapsulated in polyurethane or other polymers, which are then bonded to a rubber tread to form an airless tire with properties similar to a pneumatic tire.

[0009] A preferred embodiment is embodied in an SMA assembly. The SMA assembly comprises an SMA structure. The SMA structure is encapsulated within a polymer. The SMA structure comprises SMA elements.

[0010] This embodiment and other embodiments may optionally include the following: The SMA element may contain at least one of the following: NiTi, Ag-Cd, Au-Cd, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Fe-Pt, Mn-Cu, Fe-Mn-Si, Co-Ni-Al, Co-Ni-Ga, Ni-Fe-Ga, Ti-Nb, β-Ti alloy, or a ternary or quaternary alloy of the material of the SMA element. The SMA element may be a wire, sheet, spring, or foam.

[0011] An SMA element can be multiple SMA elements. These SMA elements can be mechanically combined. Multiple SMA elements can include multiple springs interwoven with each other. Multiple SMA elements can include springs and wires. Springs and wires can be interwoven with each other. Multiple SMA elements can be configured to form a helical or supertoroidal shape.

[0012] The polymer can be one of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, vulcanized rubber, polyurethane, nylon, acrylic, or other thermosetting or thermoplastic polymers. The polymer can be 3D printed onto the SMA structure.

[0013] The SMA assembly may also include an external near-monomolecule microporous metallic coating, which may be disposed on the SMA element. This coating may be selected from at least one of the following: zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, nickel, cobalt, tin, titanium, zinc, copper, brass, and plated bronze. The SMA assembly may also include a second coating configured to be disposed on the SMA element. This second coating may contain one or more materials that are the same as or different from the external coating. The SMA assembly may also include benzotriazole or other corrosion inhibitors configured to be applied to the SMA element.

[0014] SMA elements can be SMA wires. SMA wires can be used as the core of drawn filler tubes. The drawn filler tubes can contain a sheath material. The sheath material can include metal or polymer. SMA elements can be bonded to a polymer using vulcanizing adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, water-based adhesives, or epoxy resins. The polymer can be bonded to a first polymer of a second polymer. The first polymer and the second polymer can be different materials from each other.

[0015] SMA components may also contain prepolymers or resins. Prepolymers or resins can be applied to SMA components through preforming molds and curing processes. Curing processes may include rotational molding, rotational casting, spin casting, injection molding, extrusion, blow molding, thermoforming, foam bead molding, or extruded foam molding.

[0016] Another preferred embodiment is embodied in a tire assembly. The tire assembly includes a body defined by an SMA structure. The SMA structure includes SMA elements. The tire assembly also includes a polymer layer. The polymer layer is configured to wrap around the body.

[0017] Another preferred embodiment is embodied in an SMA assembly. This SMA assembly includes an SMA structure. The SMA structure includes a first spring and a second spring interlaced with each other. The diameter of the first spring is larger than the diameter of the second spring. The SMA is super-ring-shaped. The SMA assembly also includes a polymer layer configured to surround the SMA structure.

[0018] It is noted that, compared to conventional pneumatic tires and steel spring tires, the tire assembly of this invention improves load-bearing capacity and service life. This invention enables non-pneumatic, highly elastic tires to achieve superior load-bearing capacity, vehicle integration, manufacturability, and tire performance.

[0019] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the SMA element or wire may be configured as a circumferentially wound SMA element located within the tire tread wall. The SMA element may be attached or secured to the tire rim / bead by reinforcements (e.g., fiber-reinforced polyester), cords, strands, etc. This attachment helps limit the outer diameter growth of the SMA element during loading, thereby creating a semi-rigid body to distribute the load around the tire.

[0020] Compared to traditional pneumatic tires and steel spring tires, this invention improves load-bearing capacity and service life. This invention enables non-pneumatic, highly elastic tires to achieve superior load-bearing capacity, vehicle integration, manufacturability, and tire performance.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the SMA element or wire may be configured as or be constructed as a radially reinforced spring configuration. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the SMA element or wire may be configured as circumferentially wound or disposed within the tire tread wall.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the SMA element is attached or secured to the tire rim or bead by a reinforcement (e.g., fiber-reinforced polyester) extending between the SMA element and the tire rim and / or bead. This attachment helps limit the outer diameter growth of the SMA element during loading, thereby creating a semi-rigid body to distribute the load around the tire.

[0023] It should be understood that "circumferential extension" or similar terminology does not necessarily mean that a component extends around the outer boundary of the entire tire assembly, but rather that the component extends in a generally circular manner around the tire assembly (e.g., along the rolling direction), such as... Figure 12 As shown in the best example. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a tire assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is an isolated SMA according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the tire assembly;

[0026] Figure 3 This is an isolation of the first SMA element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the tire assembly;

[0027] Figure 4 This is an isolation of the second SMA element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the tire assembly;

[0028] Figure 5 This is according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A magnified view of the SMA of the tire assembly;

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a tire assembly, showing an SMA encapsulated in a polymer according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 1A cross-sectional view of a tire assembly, showing an SMA encapsulated in a multilayer polymer according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 Side view of the tire assembly;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of an SMA element located beneath a sheath material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of a partially cut-off tire assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A perspective view of a portion of a tire assembly in the form of a cross-section;

[0035] Figure 12 This is a side cross-sectional view of the tire assembly;

[0036] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 A front cross-sectional view of a portion of the tire assembly shown;

[0037] Figure 14 It is a cross-sectional view of multiple components including two SMA elements and showing only the features on the cut lines of the components;

[0038] Figure 15 It is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the component;

[0039] Figure 16 It is a cross-sectional view of multiple components including three SMA elements and only showing the features on the component cut lines;

[0040] Figure 17 This is a side cross-sectional view of a portion of a tire assembly, showing the belt assembly including the winding portion; and

[0041] Figure 18 This is a side cross-sectional view of a part of a tire assembly, showing a belt assembly with a diagonal arrangement of plywood layers. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following description and accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a full understanding of this disclosure. However, in some cases, well-known or conventional details have not been described to avoid obscuring the description. References to one or more embodiments in this disclosure may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment; and such references indicate at least one embodiment. If a component is not shown in the figures, this provides support for a negative limitation in the claims, namely, a statement that the component "does not exist." However, the foregoing statements are not restrictive, and in another embodiment, a missing component may be included in the claimed embodiment.

[0043] The terms “an embodiment,” “embodiment,” “preferred embodiment,” or any other phrase referring to the word “embodiment” in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this disclosure, and also mean that any particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in any embodiment or may be omitted or excluded from any embodiment. The phrase “in one embodiment” appearing in different places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment in all instances, nor is it necessarily a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Furthermore, various features are described herein that may be present in some embodiments but not in others and may be omitted from any embodiment. In addition, any particular feature, structure, or characteristic described herein may be optional. Similarly, various requirements are described that may be required in some embodiments but not in others. Where appropriate, any feature discussed herein with respect to one aspect or embodiment of the invention may be applied to another aspect or embodiment of the invention. Similarly, where appropriate, any feature discussed herein with respect to one aspect or embodiment of the invention may be optional and / or may be omitted with respect to that aspect or embodiment of the invention or any other aspect or embodiment of the invention discussed or disclosed herein.

[0044] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meaning in the art, in the context of this disclosure, and in the specific context in which each term is used. Certain terms used to describe this disclosure will be discussed below or in other parts of the specification to provide additional guidance to those skilled in the art regarding the description of this disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example, using italics and / or quotation marks: the use of highlighting does not affect the scope and meaning of the terms; in the same context, the scope and meaning of the terms are the same whether they are highlighted or not.

[0045] It should be understood that the same thing can be expressed in more than one way. Therefore, alternative languages ​​and synonyms may be used for one or more of the terms discussed herein. Whether a term is detailed or discussed herein is not particularly significant. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. Listing one or more synonyms does not preclude the use of other synonyms. Examples of use anywhere in this specification, including examples of any terms discussed herein, are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of this disclosure or any of the example terms. Similarly, this disclosure is not limited to the various embodiments given in this specification.

[0046] The following are examples of instruments, apparatus, methods, and related results according to embodiments of this disclosure, but are not intended to further limit the scope of this disclosure. Note that headings or subheadings may be used in the examples for the reader's convenience, but this should in no way limit the scope of this disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In case of any conflict, this document, including the definitions, shall prevail.

[0047] It should be understood that terms such as “front,” “rear,” “top,” “bottom,” “side,” “short,” “long,” “up,” “down,” “rearward,” “forward,” and “below” used herein are for ease of description only and refer to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that any orientation of the components described herein is within the scope of this invention.

[0048] The accompanying drawings generally point to tire assembly 10. In some embodiments, tire assembly 10 may also be alternatively characterized as an SMA assembly, which can be used for other purposes in which air or aerodynamic pressure is otherwise used within a polymer structure. Since tire assembly 10 can operate without air or aerodynamic pressure, its use is advantageous in rugged terrain where conventional tires are prone to punctures and in environments where air is scarce or absent (e.g., space, other planets, satellites, etc.). In addition to enhanced durability, tire assembly 10 advantageously provides lower rolling resistance than pneumatic tires, which contributes to higher fuel efficiency for the vehicle. The use of an SMA assembly as tire assembly 10 is merely an example and not a limitation of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, SMA tire assembly 10 typically includes a hypercyclic SMA structure 12 encapsulated within a polymer member or structure 14 (e.g., polyurethane) and then coupled to a polymer tread 16. It should be understood that the SMA structure 12 can be other closed or open shapes, such as tubular, spherical, helical, etc.

[0049] Figure 1This is a perspective view of tire assembly 10. Tire assembly 10 is moldable and sized for a variety of applications, including but not limited to motor vehicles, bicycles, aircraft, motorcycles, and scooters. Tire assembly 10 may have a recessed or recessed inner surface 11. The recess or recess in the inner surface 11 allows tire assembly 10 to mate with a wheel or rim 18 for subsequent attachment to a vehicle. Tire assembly 10 may include an SMA structure 12 and a polymer component 14. The SMA structure 12 is in... Figure 1 The image shows a spring super-toroid that is wrapped with a polymer (e.g., rubber) tread 16 to form a pneumatic tire.

[0050] SMA structure 12 may include SMA elements. SMA elements may collectively form the SMA structure. In some examples, the size, shape, and / or material properties of the SMA elements may be consistent. In some examples, the size, shape, and / or material properties of the SMA elements may differ from each other. For example, SMA elements may be wires, springs, sheets, fibers, foams, etc. SMA elements may include one or more of the following: NiTi, Ag-Cd, Au-Cd, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Sn, Cu-Zn, Fe-Pt, Mn-Cu, Fe-Mn-Si, Co-Ni-Al, Co-Ni-Ga, Ni-Fe-Ga, Ti-Nb, β-Ti alloys, or ternary or quaternary alloys of the material of the SMA elements. SMA elements may be attached together to form SMA structure 12. For example, SMA elements may be interwoven with each other.

[0051] The polymer tread 16 may be disposed on the SMA structure 12. The polymer tread 16 may surround the outer surface 13 of the SMA structure 12. The polymer tread 16 may be rubber and / or other materials having similar properties to rubber. The polymer tread 16 may have protrusions, bumps, threads, grooves, channels, cavities, etc. to provide additional grip.

[0052] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the SMA structure 12. The SMA structure 12 includes a first spring 20 and a second spring 22. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the first spring 20. Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of multiple interwoven second springs 22. In some examples, the first spring 20 and / or the second spring 22 can be replaced with wire, sheet, fiber, or foam. See again... Figure 2 The second spring 22 may be woven or wound around the first spring 20 along the length of the first spring 20 in the direction of arrow 24. Multiple second springs 22 may exist that are woven or wound around the first spring 20. The second springs 22 may also be woven or wound around each other. Figure 5 This is an enlarged view of the SMA structure 12, showing the connection between the first spring 20 and the second spring 22. (See again...) Figure 2The first spring 20 may have a first diameter 26. The second spring 22 may have a second diameter 28. The first diameter 26 may be larger than the second diameter 28. The second spring 22 may be arranged around the entire first diameter 26. Figure 2 As shown, a second spring 22 connected to the first spring 20 keeps the pitch 30 of the first spring 20 constant. Before assembling the first spring 20 and the second spring 22 together, the pitch 30 can be changed to adjust the tire assembly 10 (see...). Figure 1 Harder or softer.

[0053] In some examples, the SMA structure 12 may comprise or have an outer thin, nearly or almost monomolecular microporous metallic coating selected from at least one of the following: zirconium, cerium, lanthanum, nickel, cobalt, tin, titanium, zinc, copper, brass, and / or plated bronze. In some examples, a second coating (consisting of any of the above materials) may be applied using the same or a different metal. In some examples, benzotriazole or other corrosion inhibitors may be applied to the SMA structure 12.

[0054] In some examples, the prepolymer or resin can be applied to the SMA structure 12 using a preforming mold and a curing process. In some examples, the curing process may include rotational molding, rotational casting, spin casting, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, thermoforming, foamed bead molding, or extruded foam molding.

[0055] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of tire assembly 10, showing the SMA structure 12 encapsulated within a polymer component 14. The polymer component 14 may be disposed between the first spring 20 and the second spring 22, such that a first diameter 26 (see...) Figure 2 The defined space remains hollow. Any polymer is within the scope of this invention. For example, polymer component 14 can be one of the following: natural rubber, synthetic rubber, vulcanized rubber, polyurethane, nylon, acrylic resin, or other thermosetting or thermoplastic polymers.

[0056] In some examples, the polymer component 14 can be 3D printed or additively manufactured to the SMA structure 12. In some examples, the SMA structure 12 can be bonded to the polymer component 14 using vulcanizing adhesives, solvent-based adhesives, water-based adhesives, or epoxy resins. For example, it can be used... The SMA structure 12 and the polymer component 14 are connected together.

[0057] Figure 7This is a cross-sectional view of tire assembly 10, showing the SMA structure 12 encapsulated by polymer component 14 and the polymer tread 16. The polymer tread 16 can provide additional reinforcement to tire assembly 10. The polymer tread 16 can be directly bonded to the polymer component 14. One or more polymer materials of the polymer component 14 can be different from the material of the polymer tread 16. Note that the polymer tread 16 can completely cover the polymer component 14 and the SMA structure 12.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a side view of tire assembly 10. (As shown) Figure 8 As shown, the polymer tread 16 may partially cover the polymer component 14 and the SMA structure 12. In some examples, the polymer tread 16 may not surround the polymer component 14 and the SMA structure 12 at or near the mating surfaces of the rim 18 and the tire assembly 10. As an example, Figure 8 The bicycle rim is shown.

[0059] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the SMA wire 32 located below the sheath material 34 on one side. The SMA wire 32 can replace the first spring 20 (see...). Figure 5 ) and / or the second spring 22 (see Figure 5 This is used to form the SMA structure. The SMA wire 32 can be used as the core of the drawn filler tube 36. The drawn filler tube 36 may include a sheath material 34. The sheath material 34 can be metal or polymer. In some examples, the sheath material 34 can be combined with the polymer component 14 (see...). Figure 8 ) and / or polymer tread 16 (see Figure 8 The material is the same as that of the SMA cable 32. In some examples, the sheath material 34 may be the same as that of the SMA cable 32.

[0060] Figure 10-17 Another embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein the tire assembly 50 includes or incorporates SMA elements 52 configured to extend circumferentially and have attachments (e.g., semi-rigid attachments) to the rim and / or bead or bead member. The tire assembly 50 can be used with any type of vehicle, but is preferably used with bicycles, motor vehicles, etc. In a preferred embodiment, the tire assembly is used with existing hardware (e.g., rims, etc.); however, this is not a limitation of the invention.

[0061] like Figure 11-12As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the tire assembly 50 may include a plurality of interconnected and interacting components, including a circumferential SMA element 52 (which may have any cross-sectional shape), a polymer member or polymer ply member 54 containing fibers 56 as reinforcements (referred to as fiber reinforcement 56), one or more strips 60, a tire bead or bead member 58, and a tread 16. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer member 54 is configured as a strip having fiber reinforcement 56 and may be referred to herein as a fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53. The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53, together with the outer circumferential SMA element 52 and the inner circumferential bead member 58, may be referred to herein as a ply or strip assembly 55. The SMA element 52 may be tubular, shaped, or welded. However, this is not a limitation of the invention. The SMA element may include any cross-sectional shape, such as tubular ( Figure 12 ), U-shaped ( Figure 13 The fiber reinforcement can be an SMA element, Kevlar, nylon, polyester, or similar material or cord, and these fiber reinforcements can be known in the tire industry and embedded within polymer 54 (similar to polymer 14), which can be rubber, polyurethane, polymer, etc. Any materials discussed herein are not intended to limit the invention. The tire bead 58 can be a series of circumferentially extending welded tubes made of metal, such as steel, aluminum, titanium, or SMA. The bead members 58 can also be solid wire, cable, or can be of any cross-sectional shape. The tubes can receive or be disposed in various circumferentially extending grooves, multiple grooves, or a single groove 64 located on the inner surface of the rim 18 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 13 )middle. Figure 13 The U-shaped structure shown can facilitate the manufacture of SMA element 52 (or bead component) because it is easier (and cheaper) to use SMA sheet that can be rolled into a U-shaped cross-section rather than to manufacture the entire tube.

[0062] like Figure 11 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, the tire assembly 50 includes a tread member or tread portion 16, a rim 18, and at least a first belt assembly 55 positioned between the tread portion 16 and the rim 18. The belt assembly 55 includes at least a first SMA element 52 having an outer surface 52a and extending circumferentially around the tire assembly 55, such as... Figure 12As shown. The belt assembly 55 may also include at least a first bead member 58 having an outer surface 58 and extending circumferentially around the tire assembly 50. In another embodiment, instead of wrapping or extending around a bead, the inner portion of the belt assembly 55 is secured to the rim 18 or other component. The tire assembly 50 may also include a plurality of fiber reinforcements or fiber reinforcement members 56. The fiber reinforcement members 56 may extend around the outer surface of the first SMA element 52 and the outer surface of the first bead member 58 to at least partially form the belt assembly 55. In embodiments in which each fiber reinforcement member 56 extends around one or more SMA elements 52 and bead members 58, the belt assembly 55 is formed of fiber reinforcement members 56, one or more SMA elements 52 and bead members 58 (and the polymer is omitted). Preferably, the entire group of multiple fiber reinforcement members 56 extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. In other words, each individual fiber reinforcement member 36 extends around at least one SMA element 52 and at least one bead member. However, the individual fiber reinforcement members 56 are positioned circumferentially adjacent to each other, such as Figure 11 As shown, the fiber-reinforced members 56 are positioned adjacent to each other.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of fiber-reinforced members 56 are disposed on, embedded in, surround, or otherwise associated with the polymer ply member 54 to collectively form a fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 extending around the outer surface of the first SMA element 52 and the outer surface of the first bead member 58. Figure 11 As shown, in an embodiment of the invention, the fiber-reinforced polymer component 53 can take the form of a tubular structure that extends circumferentially around the tire component. The tubular structure need not be circular, but can be any closed structure, such as... Figure 11 or Figure 13-16 As shown in the figure. In another embodiment, as... Figure 17 As shown, instead of a continuous circumferential tube, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 can be formed by a winding portion that surrounds one or more SMA elements 52 externally and one or more bead members 58 internally. See edge 62 of the winding portion, which illustrates the spiral winding portion surrounding one or more SMA elements 52 externally and one or more bead members 58 internally. Therefore, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly can include a wound spiral configuration that extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. The winding portion includes fiber reinforcement members or cords located therein and can be, for example, a 1-inch wide strip that is initially rolled and wound around one or more SMA elements and one or more bead members during manufacturing.

[0064] Figure 10 The partially removed tire assembly 50 is shown. Figure 10A tire assembly 50 with sidewalls 17 is also shown. For clarity of illustration of the internal portions of the tire assembly, the sidewalls are omitted in other views. However, it should be understood that the tire portion of the tire assembly (e.g., the rubber of the tire) may include an outer portion (including or being the tread portion 16) and first and second sidewalls 17 that surround or house the SMA assembly 19 (including one or more laterally adjacent belt assemblies 55). It should be understood that the tread portion does not necessarily include the actual tread located thereon, but is referred to herein as the tread portion because it is the part of the tire that contacts the ground or road. The SMA may include belts, housings, covers, or structures surrounding it to hold all its components (e.g., belt assemblies 55) together. Figure 11 and Figure 13-16 A close-up view of the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 and the belt assembly 55 is shown. Figure 11 In this embodiment, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 (which includes fiber reinforcements 56 embedded in the polymer 54) extends around the SMA element 52 at its outer end (located at or near the outer periphery of the tire assembly) and around the bead member 58 at its inner end (located at or near the inner periphery of the tire assembly), thus forming the belt assembly 55. Figure 12 The SMA element 52 and bead member 58 extending circumferentially around the tire assembly 50 are shown. Figure 11 As shown, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 extends around the OD of the SMA element 52 and the bead member 58. Figure 13 The individual fiber reinforcements 56 located within the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 can be clearly seen from the top.

[0065] Figure 11 and 13 An exemplary embodiment is shown, comprising twelve belt assemblies 55 laterally configured to partially form tire assembly 50. However, this is merely exemplary, and any number of belt assemblies 55 is within the scope of the invention. In this embodiment, a fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 extends vertically from the bead member 58 to a vertically adjacent SMA element 52 or tube. In another embodiment, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 may extend diagonally or at an angle from the bead member 58 to a non-vertically adjacent SMA element 52. For example, when viewing… Figure 13In this configuration, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 associated with the leftmost bead member 58 may extend upwards at an angle to the right and extend or wrap around the second SMA element on the left or any other non-vertically adjacent SMA element. This arrangement can help mitigate lateral forces in the tire assembly during vehicle cornering. In another embodiment, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 may wrap around one or more bead members 58 at ID and extend around one or more SMA elements 52 at OD. Different arrangements of the belt assembly 55, including any number of bead members 58 and any number of SMA elements 52 at any angle, are all within the scope of this invention.

[0066] Further explanation involves more than one SMA element. Figure 14 The belt assembly 55 is shown, which includes two SMA elements 52 facing the outside of the tire assembly (near the tread) and a bead member 58 facing the inside of the tire assembly (near the rim). Figure 15 This includes exaggerated layering to reveal the fiber-reinforced member 56 located within the polymer member 54 and extending around the outer surfaces 52a and 58a of the first and second SMA elements 52 and the bead member 58. (See also...) Figure 15 As shown, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly may include an extension 53a that extends inward and between the first and second SMA elements 52 to prevent the SMA elements from rubbing together. Figure 16 A belt assembly 55 is shown, comprising three SMA elements 52 facing outwards (near the tread) of the tire assembly and a bead member 58 facing inwards (near the rim) of the tire assembly. In this arrangement, a portion of the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 extends upwards from the bead member 58 at an angle, providing a lateral force component that aids in cornering, etc. Therefore, if the tire assembly is longitudinally bisected by a plane (e.g., extending vertically relative to the ground), both sides of the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 will extend upwards at an angle not parallel to that plane. This provides a lateral or horizontal component to the tension provided by the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53. Note that in Figure 14 and 16 In the figure, details of many components, including SMA element 52, belt 60, fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 and bead member 58 located behind the cut line, are not shown and are omitted to avoid complicating the figure.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, polymer 54 in the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 adheres to the outer surfaces of one or more bead members 58 and SMA elements 52 to form a belt assembly. Furthermore, the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 can be cured such that adjacent fiber-reinforced polymer assemblies 53 are adhered or otherwise secured together. Fiber reinforcement 56 may spiral around one or more bead members 58 and SMA elements 52 (located within the polymer strip, belt, or ply) in a 360° configuration of the tire assembly.

[0068] It should be understood that each fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 may include multiple layers or cords, each having a fiber reinforcement member 56 therein. Furthermore, in any cord or polymer, the fiber reinforcement member 56 or cord may extend or stretch at an angle, contrary to the radial extension shown in most of the figures. Figure 18 Two sets of fiber reinforcement members 56 extending at opposite angles to each other are shown (e.g., one at 45 degrees and the other at 45 degrees). These opposing fiber reinforcement members 56 may be located in the same polymer layer or may be located in separate fabric layers (e.g., one fabric layer or ply has positive 30-degree cords and the other has negative 30-degree cords, which may be referred to as a diagonal fabric layer). The fiber reinforcement members 56 may extend radially ( Figure 11 Or it can extend at any angle up to 90 degrees (which is essentially circumferential).

[0069] In use, the invention includes an outer ring formed by circumferentially wound SMA elements 52, which are designed to engage when the tire assembly 50 is under load. In use, the SMA elements 52 are designed to absorb most of the load. Those skilled in the art will understand that the SMA elements utilize a unique combination of strength, resilience, and rebound energy to improve tire performance.

[0070] Another component of the invention is a fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53, which establishes a rigid attachment between the SMA element 52 and the bead element or member 58 and / or the rim 18. During loading, the SMA element 52 deflects to form a tire track. The diameter of the remaining SMA elements attempts to increase to accommodate the shortened cord length of the track section. The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly 53 limits the outer diameter growth to the tire bead element or member 58 and / or the rim 18 by a semi-rigid fiber reinforcement 56 wound around the SMA element 52. This effectively distributes the load across the entire belt assembly 55, not just the SMA element at the track, thereby making efficient use of the SMA material and improving tire performance. When the tire bearing is loaded, the SMA element located at or near the outer diameter (OD) of the tire assembly deflects to form a tire track. Due to the shorter cord length of the track, resulting in a shorter circumference, the circumferential tube formed by the SMA element attempts to grow radially outward and / or beyond the track. The reinforcing fibers 56 that extend and attach between the rim / bead and the SMA element limit OD growth, thus forming a semi-rigid body similar to that of a pneumatic tire.

[0071] One or more tire bands 60 are used to support the tire assembly performance with increased lateral strength. The tire bands help maintain the ideal tire shape during use. However, one or more tire bands can be omitted. The tire bead member 58 allows the tire to remain seated on the rim, similar to its intended purpose in a conventional pneumatic tire. However, since a tight seal is not required (as in tubeless pneumatic tires), additional modifications can be made to the tire bead.

[0072] The tread 16 functions similarly to that of a conventional pneumatic tire. This is the section of the tire that contacts the road surface. The tread is designed to ensure good contact and allow water drainage in adverse weather conditions.

[0073] Unless the context explicitly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the terms "comprising," "including," etc., should be understood in an inclusive sense rather than an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, they should be understood as "including but not limited to." As used herein, the terms "connection," "link," or any variation thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or link between two or more elements; the connection or link between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, when used in this application, the words "this article," "above," "below," or similar terms should refer to the entire application and not any specific part of the application. Where the context permits, singular or plural words used in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments above may also include plural or singular, respectively. When referring to a list of two or more items, the word "or" covers all the following interpretations of the word: any item in the list, all items in the list, and any combination of items in the list.

[0074] The detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure above is not intended to be exhaustive, nor is it intended to limit the teachings to the precise forms disclosed herein. While specific embodiments and examples of the present disclosure have been described above for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will understand that various equivalent modifications can be made within the scope of this disclosure. Furthermore, any specific figures mentioned herein are merely illustrative: alternative embodiments may employ different values, measurements, or ranges.

[0075] Although the operation of any method is shown or described herein in a specific order (whether express or implied), the order of operations for each method may be adjusted so that some operations may be performed in reverse order, or some operations may be performed at least partially concurrently with other operations. In another embodiment, instructions or sub-operations of different operations may be performed intermittently and / or alternately.

[0076] The teachings provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily those described above. Elements and actions of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Any measurements or dimensions described or used herein are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the invention. Other measurements or dimensions are within the scope of this invention.

[0077] All of the foregoing patents, applications, and other references, including any references that may be listed in the accompanying application, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Where necessary, various aspects of this disclosure may be modified to incorporate the systems, functions, and concepts from the foregoing references, thereby providing further embodiments of this disclosure.

[0078] These and other modifications can be made to this disclosure based on the detailed description of the preferred embodiments above. While the foregoing description describes certain embodiments of this disclosure and depicts the expected best mode, these teachings can be practiced in a variety of ways, however detailed the foregoing description may appear in the text. The details of the system may vary considerably in their implementation details, but are still included within the subject matter disclosed herein. As noted above, specific terms used in describing certain features or aspects of this disclosure should not be construed as implying that such terms are redefined herein as limited to any particular characteristic, feature, or aspect of this disclosure associated with that term. Generally, unless these terms are explicitly defined in the detailed description of the preferred embodiments above, the terms used in the following claims should not be construed as limiting this disclosure to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification. Therefore, the actual scope of this disclosure covers not only the disclosed embodiments but also all equivalent ways of implementing or practicing this disclosure according to the claims.

[0079] While certain aspects of this disclosure are presented in the form of certain claims, the inventors contemplate that all aspects of this disclosure may be embodied in any number of claims. For example, although only one aspect of this disclosure is based on 35 USC § 112, The claim is formulated as a "device plus function" claim, but other aspects may also be embodied as "device plus function" claims, or in other forms, such as in a computer-readable medium. (Any claim intended to be based on 35 USC § 112, All claims processed will include the phrase "means for...". Therefore, the applicant reserves the right to add other claims after filing the application to adopt such other claim forms for other aspects of this disclosure.

[0080] Therefore, although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it should be understood that all terms used herein are descriptive rather than limiting, and many changes, modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A tire assembly, comprising: Tread portion, Wheel rim, and At least a first belt assembly, positioned between the tread portion and the rim, wherein the first belt assembly includes A first SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. A first bead member having an outer surface, wherein the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and A plurality of fiber-reinforced members, wherein each of the plurality of fiber-reinforced members extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element and the outer surface of the first bead member to form the first belt assembly. The plurality of fiber-reinforced members are disposed in the first polymer member to form a fiber-reinforced polymer assembly, wherein the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element and the outer surface of the first bead member. The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes first and second polymer components, wherein the first polymer component includes a first group of fiber-reinforced components disposed therein, wherein the second polymer component includes a second group of fiber-reinforced components disposed therein, wherein the first group of fiber-reinforced components extends along a first direction, wherein the second group of fiber-reinforced components extends along a second direction, and wherein the first direction is not parallel to the second direction.

2. The tire assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of fiber-reinforced members extend circumferentially around the tire assembly.

3. The tire assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes a tubular structure extending circumferentially around the tire assembly.

4. The tire assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes a wound helical structure extending circumferentially around the tire assembly.

5. The tire assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The belt assembly includes a second SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the second SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and wherein the fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element, the outer surface of the second SMA element, and the outer surface of the first bead member.

6. The tire assembly according to claim 5, wherein, The first SMA element is positioned laterally adjacent to the second SMA element.

7. The tire assembly according to claim 6, wherein, The fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes an inwardly extending portion that extends between the first SMA element and the second SMA element.

8. The tire assembly of claim 1, further comprising at least a second belt assembly, the second belt assembly being positioned between the tread portion and the rim and laterally adjacent to the first belt assembly, wherein, The second belt component includes A first SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. A first bead member having an outer surface, wherein the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and A plurality of fiber-reinforced members, wherein each of the plurality of fiber-reinforced members extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element and the outer surface of the first bead member to form the first belt assembly.

9. The tire assembly according to claim 1, wherein, The inner portion of the first belt assembly is located in a groove associated with the rim.

10. A tire assembly, comprising: Tread portion, Wheel rim, and At least a first belt assembly, positioned between the tread portion and the rim, wherein the first belt assembly includes A first SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. A second SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the second SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly and is positioned laterally adjacent to the first SMA element. A first bead member having an outer surface, wherein the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and A first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes a plurality of fiber-reinforced members disposed in a polymer member, wherein the first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element, the outer surface of the second SMA element, and the outer surface of the first bead member, wherein the first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends circumferentially around the tire assembly.

11. The tire assembly of claim 10, further comprising at least a second belt assembly, the second belt assembly being positioned between the tread member and the rim and being laterally adjacent to the first belt assembly, wherein, The second belt component includes A first SMA element having an outer surface, wherein the first SMA element extends circumferentially around the tire assembly. A first bead member having an outer surface, wherein the first bead member extends circumferentially around the tire assembly, and A first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly includes a plurality of fiber-reinforced members disposed in a polymer member, wherein the first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends around the outer surface of the first SMA element, the outer surface of the second SMA element, and the outer surface of the first bead member, wherein the first fiber-reinforced polymer assembly extends circumferentially around the tire assembly.

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