Multi-time scale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system double-layer time sequence operation simulation method and system

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-time-scale electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system double-layer timing operation simulation method and system, which comprises the following steps: constructing a refined model of an electric-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system device based on a framework; obtaining source-load data and calculating the hourly net load and then the annual net load; based on the annual source-load data and the annual net load, performing annual ammonia energy storage operation simulation, taking the minimum annual energy imbalance risk as the operation simulation target, and obtaining the total weekly charging and discharging ammonia; taking the total weekly charging and discharging ammonia as the boundary condition, performing weekly electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation, taking the minimum weekly operation cost as the operation simulation target, and obtaining the daily electric-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage energy operation simulation result. The application can meet the requirements of safe and stable operation of the system, and carry out supply-demand balance simulation at a refined time resolution, thereby improving the economy and energy self-consistency rate of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of timing operation technology for electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling systems, and particularly to a two-layer timing operation simulation method and system for multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling systems. Background Technology

[0002] As the proportion of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines and photovoltaics connected to the grid continues to rise, the intermittent and fluctuating nature of their power generation, coupled with the seasonal characteristics of load demand, leads to supply-demand imbalances between wind and solar power output and load demand across multiple time scales. Energy storage systems are an important means to improve the absorption of renewable energy and address supply-demand imbalances. However, currently widely used energy storage is limited by its energy density and cost, and can only alleviate supply-demand imbalances to a certain extent on a short time scale. For supply-demand imbalances on a long time scale, long-term energy storage technologies are needed. Hydrogen energy storage has high energy density and is suitable for large-scale energy storage. Furthermore, due to its low self-loss rate, it is suitable for energy storage over longer periods. However, the widespread application of hydrogen energy storage still faces certain challenges, such as the safety issues of hydrogen's flammability, leakage, and potential for hydrogen embrittlement. Ammonia is easy to store for long periods and is not prone to explosion; therefore, hydrogen-ammonia fusion is an effective way to overcome the bottlenecks in hydrogen energy development. In addition, after adopting short-term and long-term energy storage technologies, how to consider the temporal characteristics of renewable energy on an annual scale and leverage the energy storage characteristics of different energy storage methods is also an important prerequisite for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid in the future.

[0003] Currently, most existing technologies for coupled energy storage systems focus on electro-hydrogen energy storage systems. While these systems can effectively combine short-term and long-term energy storage, they cannot solve the problems of safe and efficient storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Very few existing technologies involve adding ammonia energy storage to electro-hydrogen coupled energy storage systems, forming electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled systems.

[0004] Existing technologies, such as the model predictive control-based dual-layer coordinated optimization method and device for source-grid hydrogen-ammonia energy disclosed in application number CN202411592198.7, do not fully consider the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy power generation and the seasonal variation of load, making it difficult to achieve efficient energy allocation and supply-demand balance; they do not effectively combine the advantages of electricity, hydrogen, and ammonia energy storage, and fail to accurately characterize the coupling relationship of the electricity-hydrogen-ammonia system, resulting in poor coordinated operation and poor system flexibility and adaptability; another example is the green electricity-hydrogen-ammonia optimization configuration method, system, computer equipment, and storage medium disclosed in patent application number CN202510274525.2, which does not comprehensively consider the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy power generation and the seasonal variation of load, making it difficult to effectively solve the supply-demand imbalance problem at multiple time scales. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a two-layer time-series operation simulation method and system for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system. The purpose is to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art. It can carry out supply and demand balance simulation at a fine time resolution while meeting the requirements for safe and stable operation of the system, thereby improving the system's economy and energy self-sufficiency rate.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, comprising:

[0008] Obtain a common template for pedestrian images and text, input it into a large language model, and output multiple text descriptions of pedestrian images to construct image-text matching relationships;

[0009] The framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system is determined, a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment is constructed based on the framework, and the operational simulation variables at two time scales are determined.

[0010] Obtain source load data and calculate the net load per hour. Sum the net load of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load.

[0011] Based on the annual source load data and annual net load, an annual ammonia storage operation simulation is conducted with a year as the cycle and a week as the time step. The simulation aims to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year and obtain the total amount of ammonia charged and released each week.

[0012] Using the total weekly ammonia charge / discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly cycle and an hourly time step, a weekly simulation of the coordinated operation of electric hydrogen-ammonia energy storage was conducted. The simulation objective was to minimize the weekly operating cost, and the daily energy operation simulation results of electric hydrogen-ammonia energy storage were obtained.

[0013] As a further technical solution, the refined model of the constructed electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system includes an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a thermal storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a thermal storage tank model. Based on the refined model, the determined two-layer time-scale operation simulation variables include upper-layer annual time-scale operation simulation variables and lower-layer weekly time-scale operation simulation variables.

[0014] As a further technical solution, the upper-level annual timescale operation simulation variables include the energy of electro-ammonia conversion, the energy of charging and discharging ammonia, and the amount of ammonia stored; the lower-level weekly timescale operation simulation variables include the operating power of the battery, electrolyzer, thermal storage tank, hydrogen storage tank, ammonia storage tank, hydrogen fuel cell, and ammonia fuel cell, the power of pressure swing adsorption nitrogen, the power of synthetic ammonia, the power of purchased and sold electricity, as well as the power of abandoned electricity and the power of load shedding.

[0015] As a further technical solution, the specific method for calculating the net load per hour is as follows:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, t year T represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year. year η represents the total number of data periods throughout the year. E-T The values ​​represent the electrothermal efficiency, PV represents photovoltaic data, WIND represents wind turbine output data, E-load represents electrical load data, and T-load represents thermal load data.

[0018] The annual net load is expressed as follows:

[0019]

[0020] Where w represents the time index of the 52 weeks of the year, τ represents the time index of each week, and T... week This indicates the total number of time slots per week.

[0021] As a further technical solution, the simulation objective of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year is specifically as follows:

[0022] Among them, W unbalance This indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year. This indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week;

[0023] Its constraints include constraints on the conversion of ammonia to electricity, constraints on the charging and discharging of ammonia, and constraints on the ammonia storage tank.

[0024] As a further technical solution, the simulation objective of minimizing weekly operating costs is specifically as follows:

[0025]

[0026] in, For weekly operating costs, To reduce transaction costs with the upper-level power grid, To incur penalties, For energy storage operating costs;

[0027] Its constraints include system equipment model constraints, electrical power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, purchased and sold electricity power constraints, and other supplementary constraints.

[0028] As a further technical solution, during the simulated operation of the combined hydrogen and ammonia energy storage within the week, the balance cycle for utilizing hydrogen energy storage is set to one week, balancing the supply and demand imbalance within the week; the balance cycle for utilizing electrical energy storage is set to one day, balancing the supply and demand imbalance within the day.

[0029] Secondly, the present invention provides a two-layer time-series simulation system for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, comprising the following modules:

[0030] The refined model building module is configured to: determine the framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables at two time scales;

[0031] The aggregation module is configured to: acquire source load data, calculate the net load per hour, sum the net load of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load;

[0032] The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: simulate the operation of ammonia energy storage throughout the year based on the annual source load data and annual net load, with an annual cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total amount of ammonia charged and released each week;

[0033] The electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage synergy module is configured to: use the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly cycle and an hourly time step to simulate the synergistic operation of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage within a week, with the goal of minimizing the weekly operating cost, and obtain the daily energy operation simulation results of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage.

[0034] One or more technical solutions of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The multi-timescale dual-layer time-series operation simulation method for the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system provided by this invention can be used to solve the supply and demand imbalance problem at multiple timescales based on the short-term, medium-term, and long-term energy storage characteristics of electro-hydrogen-ammonia, which are three different energy storage methods. It establishes a multi-timescale dual-layer operation simulation framework for the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system (the upper layer is the annual ammonia energy storage operation simulation, and the lower layer is the weekly electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage collaborative operation simulation) to conduct annual operation simulation. While achieving supply and demand balance at a fine time resolution at multiple timescales, it improves the system's economy and energy self-sufficiency rate.

[0036] 2. Based on the framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, this invention constructs a refined model including conversion devices between the three energy sources of electricity, hydrogen, and ammonia, thereby achieving safe and stable coordinated operation of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia system and improving its flexibility and adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0037] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system framework determined in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the two-layer time-series simulation method for the multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] This embodiment provides a two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific method includes the following steps:

[0043] S1: Determine the framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, construct a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables at two time scales; wherein, the operational simulation variables at two time scales include the upper-level annual time scale operational simulation variables and the lower-level weekly time scale operational simulation variables;

[0044] S2: Obtain source load data and calculate the net load per hour. Sum the net load of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load.

[0045] S3: Based on the annual source load data and annual net load, with an annual cycle and a weekly time step, conduct an annual ammonia storage operation simulation, with the goal of minimizing the annual energy imbalance risk, and obtain the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge.

[0046] S4: Using the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly period and an hourly time step, conduct a weekly simulation of the coordinated operation of electric hydrogen and ammonia energy storage. With the goal of minimizing the weekly operating cost, obtain the daily energy operation simulation results of electric hydrogen and ammonia energy storage.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, the energy and mass flow coupling between hydrogen and ammonia in the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system is mainly accomplished by the electrolyzer, hydrogen fuel cell, nitrogen pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit, ammonia synthesis equipment, and ammonia fuel cell. When the system has sufficient power, wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation supply the electrical load. Excess electricity is used for hydrogen production through water electrolysis, the nitrogen PSA process, the ammonia synthesis process, and heating in the electric boiler. It can also be stored in the battery for short-term energy storage. When power is insufficient, the hydrogen fuel cell converts the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank into electricity, and the ammonia fuel cell converts the ammonia stored in the ammonia storage tank into electricity, which, together with the battery discharge, supplies the electrical load. In addition, the system also engages in electricity purchase and sale transactions with the external power grid.

[0048] In step S1, the refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system includes an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a thermal storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a thermal storage tank model.

[0049] In this embodiment, the electrolyzer model includes an electrolyzer start-up and shutdown model, an electrolyzer power model, and an electrolyzer output model. The electrolyzer start-up and shutdown model is as follows:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] Where: t is the current sampling period; T is the total number of sampling periods; and These represent the start-up and shutdown states of the electrolytic cell, respectively. The variable is 0-1, where 1 indicates that the electrolytic cell is in the working state and 0 indicates that the electrolytic cell is in the off state; Δt is the unit time interval. and These are the daily maximum number of times an electrolytic cell can be started and stopped;

[0053] The electrolytic cell power model includes upper and lower operating power constraints and electrolytic cell ramping power constraints: The upper and lower operating power constraints are as follows:

[0054]

[0055] in: This refers to the operating power of the electrolytic cell; and These are the upper and lower limits of the operating power of the electrolytic cell under working conditions.

[0056] The power constraint for the electrolytic cell ramp-up is:

[0057]

[0058] in: This represents the maximum ramping power of the electrolytic cell per unit time period during operation.

[0059] The electrolytic cell output model is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] in: The equivalent hydrogen production power of the electrolyzer; The hydrogen production efficiency of the electrolyzer; η is the waste heat recovery power of the electrolytic cell; heat This refers to the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0062] In this embodiment, the hydrogen fuel cell model includes a hydrogen fuel cell start-up and shutdown model, a hydrogen fuel cell power model, and a hydrogen fuel cell output model. The hydrogen fuel cell start-up and shutdown model is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] in: and These represent the start-up and shutdown states of the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively. Δt is a 0-1 variable representing the operating state of the hydrogen fuel cell; Δt is a unit time interval. and These are the daily maximum number of times a hydrogen fuel cell can be started and stopped;

[0065] The hydrogen fuel cell power model includes upper and lower limit power constraints for hydrogen fuel cell operation and ramp-up power constraints for hydrogen fuel cell:

[0066] The upper and lower power constraints for hydrogen fuel cells are as follows:

[0067]

[0068] in: This represents the equivalent input power of a hydrogen fuel cell; and These are the upper and lower limits of the operating power of the hydrogen fuel cell when it is powered on.

[0069] The ramp-up power constraint for hydrogen fuel cells is:

[0070]

[0071] in: This represents the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell per unit time period when it is powered on.

[0072] The output model for hydrogen fuel cells is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] in: The power output of the hydrogen fuel cell; For the power generation efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells; For the waste heat recovery power of hydrogen fuel cells; η heat This refers to the waste heat recovery efficiency.

[0075] The ammonia production model includes a nitrogen pressure swing adsorption (PSA) model, an ammonia synthesis equipment model, and gas mass constraints. The nitrogen PSA model is as follows:

[0076]

[0077] Wherein: S PSA This refers to the capacity of the pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit, which is also the upper limit mass of nitrogen gas used in the pressure swing adsorption process. This represents the mass of nitrogen obtained during the pressure swing adsorption process. The electrical power consumed in the pressure swing adsorption process; Δt is the unit time interval; n PSA The amount of electricity consumed to obtain 1 kg of nitrogen;

[0078] The model of the ammonia synthesis equipment is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Wherein: S HB This represents the upper limit of the ammonia mass produced during the ammonia synthesis process. The mass of synthesized ammonia; n represents the electrical power consumed during the ammonia synthesis process. HB The amount of electricity consumed to synthesize 1 kg of ammonia;

[0081] The gas mass constraint is:

[0082]

[0083] in: and These represent the proportions of nitrogen and hydrogen atoms per unit mass of ammonia, with values ​​of 14 / 17 and 3 / 17, respectively. The mass of hydrogen used in the synthesis of ammonia; and These are the equivalent power for hydrogen and ammonia, respectively. and r A-E These are the calorific value equivalence coefficients for hydrogen and ammonia, respectively, representing the equivalent amount of electricity produced by 1 kg of hydrogen and 1 kg of ammonia.

[0084] Ammonia fuel cell model:

[0085]

[0086] in: E represents the equivalent input power of an ammonia fuel cell. AFC The capacity of the ammonia fuel cell; The power output of the ammonia fuel cell; The waste heat recovery power of the ammonia fuel cell; The power generation efficiency of ammonia fuel cells; The mass of ammonia gas input to the ammonia fuel cell.

[0087] Electric boiler model:

[0088]

[0089] in: and These are the input and output power of the electric boiler, respectively. The heating efficiency of the electric boiler; and These are the upper and lower limits of the input power of the electric boiler; This indicates the working status of the electric boiler. 1 represents that the electric boiler is in working condition, and 0 represents that the electric boiler is in off condition. This represents the maximum number of times an electric boiler can be started and stopped per day.

[0090] The battery model includes battery power constraints and battery energy constraints. The battery power constraints are as follows:

[0091]

[0092] in: and These represent the charging and discharging states of the battery. and These are the charging and discharging power of the battery, respectively. and These are the upper limits of battery charging and discharging power;

[0093] The energy constraint of the battery is:

[0094]

[0095] in: and These represent the battery's stored capacity during the initial period, the final period, and period t, respectively. bat The energy balance cycle of a battery indicates that the battery has the same amount of energy stored from its initial state to the end of its balance cycle. and These are the upper and lower limits of the battery's storage capacity; and These refer to the battery charging and discharging efficiency, respectively.

[0096] The thermal storage tank model includes power constraints and energy constraints. The power constraints are as follows:

[0097]

[0098] in: and These represent the charging and discharging states of the thermal storage tank, respectively. and These are the charging and discharging power of the thermal storage tank, respectively. and These are the upper limits of the heat storage tank's charging and discharging power, respectively.

[0099] The energy constraint of the thermal storage tank is:

[0100]

[0101] in: and The heat storage capacity of the thermal storage tank is calculated for the initial period, the final period, and the period t, respectively. TST The energy balance cycle of the thermal storage tank indicates that the amount of heat stored in the tank is equal from the initial state to the end of its balance cycle. and These are the upper and lower limits of the heat storage capacity of the thermal storage tank; and These refer to the heat release efficiency of the thermal storage tank.

[0102] The hydrogen storage tank model includes power constraints and energy constraints. The power constraints are as follows:

[0103]

[0104] in: and These represent the charging and discharging states of the hydrogen storage tank. and These are the equivalent power outputs for charging and discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank, respectively. and These are the upper limits of the equivalent power for charging and discharging hydrogen from the hydrogen storage tank;

[0105] The energy constraint of the hydrogen storage tank is:

[0106]

[0107] in: and These represent the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank at the initial time period, the final time period, and time period t, respectively; T HST The energy balance period of hydrogen energy storage indicates that the amount of hydrogen stored is equal from the initial state to the end of its balance period. and These are the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage tank; and These represent the hydrogen filling and discharging efficiency of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0108] The ammonia storage tank model includes power constraints and energy constraints. The power constraints are as follows:

[0109]

[0110] in: and These represent the charging and discharging states of the ammonia storage tank. and These are the equivalent power for filling and discharging ammonia into the ammonia storage tank, respectively. and These are the upper limits of the equivalent power for filling and discharging ammonia into the ammonia storage tank, respectively.

[0111] The energy constraint for ammonia storage tanks is:

[0112]

[0113] in: and These represent the ammonia storage capacity in the ammonia storage tank at the initial time period, the final time period, and time period t, respectively; T AST The energy balance cycle of ammonia storage indicates that the amount of ammonia stored is equal from the initial state to the end of its balance cycle. and These are the upper and lower limits of ammonia storage capacity in the ammonia storage tank; and These refer to the ammonia filling and discharging efficiency of the ammonia storage tank.

[0114] In this embodiment, the simulation variables for the upper-level annual timescale operation include the energy of electro-ammonia conversion. and Ammonia energy charging and discharging and ammonia storage The simulation variables for the lower-level weekly timescale operation include the operating power of the battery, electrolyzer, thermal storage tank, hydrogen storage tank, ammonia storage tank, hydrogen fuel cell, and ammonia fuel cell, the power of pressure swing adsorption nitrogen, the power of synthetic ammonia, the power of purchased and sold electricity, as well as the power of abandoned electricity and the power of load shedding.

[0115] In step S2, source-load data for 52 weeks and 8760 hours throughout the year is obtained, including photovoltaic data, wind turbine output data, electrical load data, and equivalent power data of thermal load. The specific expressions are as follows:

[0116]

[0117]

[0118] Where: subscript t year T is a time index for 8760 hours of data throughout the year. year Given the total number of data periods for the year, with the time interval set to 1 hour, therefore T year Take 8760; the superscripts pv, wind, E-load, and T-load represent photovoltaic, wind turbine, electrical load, and thermal load, respectively;

[0119] Calculate net load P net Considering that the heat load needs to be supplied through electrical energy conversion, the conversion efficiency is used for calculation, and the formula is as follows:

[0120]

[0121] Among them, t year T represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year. year η represents the total number of data periods throughout the year. E-T The values ​​represent the electrothermal efficiency, PV represents photovoltaic data, WIND represents wind turbine output data, E-load represents electrical load data, and T-load represents thermal load data.

[0122] Then, summing the 168 hours per week of the 8760 hours of net load for the whole year yields the net load for 52 weeks of the whole year. Specifically as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Where w represents the time index of the 52 weeks of the year, τ represents the time index of each week, and T... week This represents the total number of time periods per week, with the time interval set to 1 hour, hence T. week Take 168; This represents the net load for week w.

[0125] In step S3, the upper-level annual timescale operation simulation model (annual ammonia energy storage operation simulation) is as follows:

[0126] The operational simulation aims to minimize the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, specifically:

[0127]

[0128] Among them, W unbalance This indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year. This indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week.

[0129] The constraints include ammonia-to-electricity conversion constraints, ammonia charging and discharging constraints, and ammonia storage tank constraints. Among them, the ammonia-to-electricity conversion constraints are:

[0130]

[0131] in: and These refer to the energy used in the electro-ammonia conversion and the ammonia-to-electricity conversion, respectively. and These are the state variables for electro-ammonia conversion and ammonia-to-electromagnetism, respectively; S HB S represents the mass of ammonia produced per hour during the ammonia synthesis process. AFC The capacity of the ammonia fuel cell;

[0132] The ammonia charging and discharging constraints are:

[0133]

[0134] in: and These are the equivalent energies for ammonia charging and ammonia discharging, respectively; η E-A and η A-E These are the efficiencies for electro-ammonia conversion and ammonia-to-electromagnetism, respectively. and These are the state variables for ammonia charging and ammonia releasing, respectively; This represents the amount of ammonia stored in week w. and These are the efficiencies for filling and releasing ammonia from the ammonia storage tank, respectively.

[0135] The constraints of the ammonia storage tank are:

[0136]

[0137] in: This represents the amount of ammonia stored in week w. This represents the initial ammonia storage capacity of the ammonia storage tank.

[0138] In step S4, during the simulation of the coordinated operation of hydrogen-ammonia energy storage within a week, the balance cycle for using hydrogen energy storage is set to one week to balance the supply and demand imbalance within the week; the balance cycle for using electric energy storage is set to one day to balance the supply and demand imbalance within the day.

[0139] Lower-level weekly timescale operation simulation model (weekly simulation of coordinated operation of electric hydrogen ammonia energy storage):

[0140] The simulation aims to minimize weekly operating costs, specifically:

[0141]

[0142] in, For weekly operating costs, To reduce transaction costs with the upper-level power grid, To incur penalties, For energy storage operating costs;

[0143]

[0144] Where: Δτ is the unit time interval, T week This represents the total number of time slots per week; the character W represents cost or revenue, and λ represents the unit cost or revenue coefficient; the superscripts buy, sell, cur, lack-E, lack-T, lack-H, om-AST, om-HST, om-TST, and om-bat respectively represent electricity purchase, electricity sale, electricity abandonment, insufficient power supply, insufficient heating, ammonia storage tank operation, hydrogen storage tank operation, thermal storage tank operation, and battery operation.

[0145] The constraints include system equipment model constraints (i.e., the aforementioned electrolyzer model, hydrogen fuel cell model, ammonia production model, ammonia fuel cell model, electric boiler model, battery model, thermal storage tank model, hydrogen storage tank model, and thermal storage tank model), electrical power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, purchased and sold electricity power constraints, and other supplementary constraints.

[0146] Among them, the power balance constraint is:

[0147]

[0148]

[0149] in: and These are data for photovoltaic power output, wind turbine power output, and electrical load, respectively. and These are respectively the power of abandoned power and the power of insufficient power supply; and These are the charging and discharging powers, respectively. and These refer to the power purchased and sold; The power input to the electrolytic cell; This refers to the electrical power output of the hydrogen fuel cell; This refers to the electrical power output of the ammonia fuel cell; The power input for the electric boiler; The power consumed in producing nitrogen; The power consumed in the synthesis of ammonia;

[0150] Thermal power balance constraint:

[0151]

[0152] in: This is heat load data; Insufficient power for heating; and These are the charging and discharging heat power, respectively; This refers to the output power of the electric boiler. The waste heat recovery power of hydrogen fuel cells; The waste heat recovery power of the ammonia fuel cell;

[0153] Hydrogen power balance constraint:

[0154]

[0155] in: This represents the equivalent power of the hydrogen load. The equivalent power is insufficient for hydrogen supply; The equivalent power input to the hydrogen fuel cell; The equivalent power of hydrogen used in ammonia synthesis; This provides the equivalent power output of the electrolytic cell. and These are the equivalent power for charging and discharging hydrogen, respectively;

[0156] Ammonia power balance constraints:

[0157]

[0158] in: The equivalent power input to the ammonia fuel cell; The equivalent power of the synthesized ammonia gas; and These are the equivalent power for charging and discharging ammonia, respectively.

[0159] Power purchase and sale constraints:

[0160]

[0161] in: and These are the state variables for electricity purchase and sale; The upper limit of the power exchange between the system and the external power grid;

[0162] Additional constraints:

[0163] To prevent the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell from operating simultaneously during the same period, the following additional constraints are imposed on the electrolyzer and hydrogen fuel cell:

[0164]

[0165] in: and These are the operating state variables of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively; S EC and S HFC These are the capacities of the electrolyzer and the hydrogen fuel cell, respectively.

[0166] To set the balance cycle of hydrogen energy storage to one week, the following constraints are imposed on the supply and demand imbalance within the balance cycle for hydrogen energy storage:

[0167]

[0168] in: and These represent the initial and final states of hydrogen storage for each week; S HST Hydrogen storage capacity;

[0169] To utilize ammonia energy storage for long-term energy storage, the annual energy optimization results of the upper-level ammonia storage are transferred to the lower-level storage as the optimization boundary. The following additional constraints are imposed on ammonia storage:

[0170]

[0171] in: and These represent the initial and final storage states of ammonia energy storage each week; and These are the ammonia storage states for week w-1 and week w, respectively, obtained from the upper-level optimization; S AST This refers to the ammonia storage capacity.

[0172] Example 2

[0173] This embodiment provides a two-layer time-series simulation system for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, including the following modules:

[0174] The refined model building module is configured to: determine the framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables at two time scales;

[0175] The aggregation module is configured to: acquire source load data, calculate the net load per hour, sum the net load of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load;

[0176] The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: simulate the operation of ammonia energy storage throughout the year based on the annual source load data and annual net load, with an annual cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total amount of ammonia charged and released each week;

[0177] The electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage synergy module is configured to: use the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly cycle and an hourly time step to simulate the synergistic operation of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage within a week, with the goal of minimizing the weekly operating cost, and obtain the daily energy operation simulation results of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage.

[0178] Example 3

[0179] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide a computer-readable storage medium for storing computer programs to perform the method described in Embodiment 1.

[0180] The method in Embodiment 1 can be directly implemented by a hardware processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor. The software modules can reside in readily available storage media in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. This storage medium is located in memory; the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, a detailed description is not provided here.

[0181] Example 4

[0182] The purpose of this embodiment is to provide an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, used to perform the method described in Embodiment 1. For the sake of brevity, further details are omitted here.

[0183] It should be understood that in this embodiment, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), or it can be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0184] Memory may include read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor. A portion of memory may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, memory may also store information about the device type.

[0185] Various modifications and variations of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system, characterized in that, include: A framework for an electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system is defined. Based on this framework, a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment is constructed, and operational simulation variables at two time scales are determined. The refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment includes an electrolyzer model, a hydrogen fuel cell model, an ammonia production model, an ammonia fuel cell model, an electric boiler model, a battery model, a thermal storage tank model, a hydrogen storage tank model, and a thermal storage tank model. Based on the refined model, the determined operational simulation variables at two time scales include upper-level annual time scale operational simulation variables and lower-level weekly time scale operational simulation variables. The upper-level annual time scale operational simulation variables include electro-ammonia conversion energy, ammonia charging and discharging energy, and ammonia storage capacity. The lower-level weekly time scale operational simulation variables include the operating power of the battery, electrolyzer, thermal storage tank, hydrogen storage tank, ammonia storage tank, hydrogen fuel cell, and ammonia fuel cell, the pressure swing adsorption nitrogen power, the synthetic ammonia power, the purchased and sold electricity power, and the power of abandoned electricity and load shedding. The source load data is acquired, and the hourly net load is calculated. The net load of all hours within each week is summed to obtain the weekly net load, and then the annual net load is obtained. The specific method for calculating the hourly net load is as follows: in, This represents the time index of 8760 hours of data throughout the year. This indicates the total number of data periods throughout the year. Indicates the efficiency of electric heating. Represents photovoltaic data, This indicates the wind turbine output data. Represents electrical load data. This represents heat load data; The annual net load is expressed as follows: ； ； in, A time index representing the 52 weeks of the year. This represents the time index for each week. Indicates the total number of time slots per week; Based on the annual source-load data and annual net load, an annual ammonia storage operation simulation is conducted with a yearly period and a weekly time step. The simulation objective is to minimize the annual energy imbalance risk, resulting in the total weekly ammonia charging and discharging volume. Specifically, the simulation objective of minimizing the annual energy imbalance risk is as follows: ;in, This indicates the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year. This indicates the amount of energy imbalance each week; Its constraints include constraints on electro-ammonia conversion, ammonia charging and discharging, and ammonia storage tanks; Using the total weekly ammonia charge / discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly period and an hourly time step, a weekly simulation of the coordinated operation of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage is conducted. The simulation objective is to minimize the weekly operating cost, thus obtaining the daily energy operation simulation results for electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage. Specifically, the goal of minimizing the weekly operating cost is as follows: ； ； in, For weekly operating costs, To reduce transaction costs with the upper-level power grid, To incur penalties, For energy storage operating costs; Its constraints include system equipment model constraints, electrical power balance constraints, thermal power balance constraints, hydrogen power balance constraints, ammonia power balance constraints, purchased and sold electricity power constraints, and other supplementary constraints.

2. The two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the simulation of the coordinated operation of hydrogen-ammonia energy storage during the week, the balance cycle for using hydrogen energy storage is set to one week, during which the supply and demand are unbalanced; the balance cycle for using electric energy storage is set to one day, during which the supply and demand are unbalanced.

3. A two-layer time-series simulation system for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, characterized in that, The method for performing the steps in the two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system as described in any one of claims 1-2 includes the following modules: The refined model building module is configured to: determine the framework of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system, build a refined model of the electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupling system equipment based on the framework, and determine the operational simulation variables at two time scales; The aggregation module is configured to: acquire source load data, calculate the net load per hour, sum the net load of all hours in each week to obtain the weekly net load, and then obtain the annual net load; The ammonia energy storage module is configured to: simulate the operation of ammonia energy storage throughout the year based on the annual source load data and annual net load, with an annual cycle and a weekly time step, with the goal of minimizing the risk of energy imbalance throughout the year, and obtain the total amount of ammonia charged and released each week; The electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage synergy module is configured to: use the total weekly ammonia charge and discharge as the boundary condition, with a weekly cycle and an hourly time step to simulate the synergistic operation of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage within a week, with the goal of minimizing the weekly operating cost, and obtain the daily energy operation simulation results of electro-hydrogen-ammonia energy storage.

4. A computer-readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, characterized in that, When executed by the processor, the program implements the steps in the two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system as described in any one of claims 1-2.

5. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps in the two-layer time-series simulation method for a multi-timescale electro-hydrogen-ammonia coupled system as described in any one of claims 1-2.

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