Iot device synchronization method and related devices

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an Internet of Things device synchronization method and related device, and relates to the technical field of environmental Internet of Things communication. The method comprises: synchronizing using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code and a trailer synchronization code. The present disclosure can realize environmental Internet of Things communication, can synchronize uplink and downlink of the Internet of Things device, and thus realizes low cost, low power consumption and low complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization method, IoT device synchronization device, communication equipment, electronic equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] Environmental IoT can perform waveform modulation and transmission without relying on batteries, by obtaining energy from the environment or radio frequency signals.

[0003] In related technologies, environmental IoT does not support the existing New Radio (NR) network-wide synchronization mechanism, especially the random access process, and can only be performed through asynchronous communication. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a synchronization method suitable for environmental IoT devices.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure provides a method and related equipment for synchronizing IoT devices, which at least to some extent overcomes the problem of poor synchronization of existing IoT devices.

[0006] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this disclosure.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization method is provided, comprising: performing synchronization using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code.

[0008] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization apparatus is provided, comprising: a synchronization module for synchronizing using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code.

[0009] According to another method of this disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a base station and an Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the base station and the IoT device synchronize using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code.

[0010] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a processor; and a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; wherein the processor is configured to perform the above-described Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization method by executing the executable instructions.

[0011] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization method.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a computer program product is provided, including executable instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, wherein a processor of an electronic device reads the executable instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the executable instructions, causing the electronic device to perform the above-described Internet of Things device synchronization method.

[0013] In this embodiment of the disclosure, synchronization is achieved by using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code. This enables environmental IoT communication and allows IoT devices to synchronize uplink and downlink, thereby achieving low cost, low power consumption, and low complexity.

[0014] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary system architecture of an IoT device synchronization method according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0017] Figure 2 A flowchart of an IoT device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0018] Figure 3 A flowchart of another IoT device synchronization method provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0019] Figure 4 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an example of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an example two of the IoT device synchronization methods provided in this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 The diagram shows a structural schematic of Example 3 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 7 The diagram shows a structural schematic of Example 4 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 8 The diagram shows a structural schematic of Example 5 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates a structural example six of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the structure of an Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 12 A structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0029] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0030] To facilitate understanding, before introducing the embodiments of this disclosure, the following explanations are provided for several terms involved in the embodiments of this disclosure: Ambient IoT: Also known as the Internet of Things for the Environment, it does not require batteries or power sources. Instead, it obtains energy from the environment or radio frequency signals to modulate and transmit its waveform. Preamble: The preamble signal, also known as the preamble synchronization code, is used to obtain the synchronization position in asynchronous transmission. It is generally located at the beginning of the transmitted signal. Midamble: Mid-code, or intermediate synchronization code, is used to perform a synchronization modification or synchronization alignment in the middle of asynchronous transmission. It is generally located in the middle of the transmitted signal. Postamble: The postamble, also known as the postamble synchronization code, is used to determine the end position in asynchronous transmission. It is usually located at the end of the transmitted signal. Device: An IoT device terminal, or IoT device, is used to modulate and transmit the waveform of energy in acquired environmental or radio frequency signals. R2D: Reader to Device link, which represents the downlink from the base station to the device. Reader to Device can also be called reader to device or base station to IoT device. D2R: Device to Reader link, which represents the uplink link from device to base station. Device to Reader can be called device to reader or IoT device to base station. PRDCH: Physical Reader to Device Channel, a transmission channel on the R2D link used to transmit downlink information; PDRCH: Physical Device to Reader Channel, a transmission channel on the D2R link used to transmit uplink information.

[0031] The specific implementation methods of the embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the system architecture includes: terminal 101 and network device 102; wherein, terminal 101 interacts with network device 103 through network 102.

[0033] It should be noted that the medium providing the communication link between terminal 101 and network device 103 can be a wired network or a wireless network.

[0034] Optionally, the aforementioned wireless or wired networks use standard communication technologies and / or protocols. The network is typically the Internet, but can also be any network, including but not limited to Local Area Networks (LANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), mobile, wired or wireless networks, private networks, or any combination of virtual private networks. In some embodiments, technologies and / or formats, including Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), etc., are used to represent data exchanged over the network. Furthermore, conventional encryption technologies such as Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), and Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) can be used to encrypt all or some links. In other embodiments, custom and / or dedicated data communication technologies can be used to replace or supplement the aforementioned data communication technologies.

[0035] Terminal 101 can be a user equipment, terminal equipment, access equipment, user unit, user terminal, or user device, etc.

[0036] In one embodiment, terminal 101 can be a device that provides voice / data to a user, such as a handheld device or in-vehicle device with wireless connectivity. For example, terminal 101 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, mobile internet device, virtual reality device, augmented reality device, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in autonomous driving, wireless terminal in remote surgery, wireless terminal in smart grid, wireless terminal in transportation safety, wireless terminal in smart city, wireless terminal in smart home, cellular phone, etc. This disclosure does not specifically limit the types of devices that can be used in this embodiment.

[0037] In this embodiment of the disclosure, terminal 101 can also be a terminal device in an IoT system. IoT connects objects to networks through communication technologies, thereby realizing a smart network that enables human-computer interaction and the interconnection of things. For example, terminal 101 can be understood as an IoT device, or an IoT device terminal. Specifically, it can be understood as an ambient IoT terminal or a passive IoT device terminal. Terminal 101 can also be called UE (User Equipment).

[0038] In some embodiments, network device 103 may be a base station, relay, or access point, etc. The base station may be, but is not limited to, a 5G or later version base station (e.g., a gNB base station), or a base station in other communication systems (e.g., an eNB base station). It should be noted that the specific type of network-side device is not limited in the embodiments disclosed herein.

[0039] Those skilled in the art will know that Figure 1 The number of terminals and network-side devices shown is merely illustrative; any number of terminals, networks, and network-side devices can be included as needed. This disclosure does not limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0040] Environmental IoT products can achieve low cost, low power consumption, and low complexity. However, due to cost constraints, IoT terminals have poor crystal oscillator performance, sampling, and timing capabilities, and are almost entirely unable to communicate autonomously. The most basic product form requires communication via backscattering. Therefore, environmental IoT does not support the full-network synchronization of existing NR systems and cannot achieve random access; it can only be performed through asynchronous communication. Designing a synchronization structure with better synchronization performance has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

[0041] In order to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems under the above-described system architecture, this disclosure provides an IoT device synchronization method, which can be executed by any electronic device with computing power. In some embodiments, the IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure can be executed by IoT devices in the above-described system architecture; in other embodiments, the IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure can be implemented by network devices (such as base stations) in the above-described system architecture.

[0042] Figure 2 This illustration shows a flowchart of an Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, as... Figure 2 As shown, the IoT device synchronization method provided in this embodiment includes the following steps: S202. Use at least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes for synchronization.

[0043] In one embodiment, synchronization can be performed using a preamble code alone in the transmission header; or a preamble code can be added to the transmission header and a postamble code can be added to the transmission end for synchronization; or a preamble code can be added to the transmission header, an intermediate synchronization code can be added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble code can be added to the transmission end for synchronization.

[0044] It should be noted that, depending on the actual situation, any combination of two of the preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code can be used for synchronization, and this disclosure does not impose any specific limitations.

[0045] The aforementioned transmissions may include both R2D and D2R transmissions. R2D transmissions include at least one of PRDCH, first R2D control information, a reference signal, and broadcast information; D2R transmissions include at least one of PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information. The first D2R control information includes acknowledgment information for received data blocks, channel quality indications, scheduling requests, etc. This first R2D control information can be used for scheduling user data and may be carried on the PRDCH or in a separately defined new channel. The first R2D control information includes R2D link scheduling allocation and D2R scheduling requests. R2D link scheduling allocation includes control information such as PDRCH resource indications, transmission formats, and spatial multiplexing; D2R scheduling requests include information such as PDRCH resource allocation and transmission formats. The reference signal, also known as a pilot signal, is a known signal provided by the transmitter to the receiver for signal estimation or detection. Broadcast information is a series of control messages periodically sent by a base station to terminals within its coverage area. These messages may include system information blocks, master information blocks, cell-specific reference signals, paging information, and other broadcast information, enabling terminals to access the network and conduct communication. Auxiliary information helps base stations configure and manage radio resources to adapt to terminal capabilities and current network conditions. Auxiliary information can be sent autonomously by terminals to notify the base station of the capabilities of IoT devices at specific times or for a specific duration, allowing the base station to configure parameters suitable for the IoT devices.

[0046] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by using at least one of the preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code for synchronization, environmental IoT communication can be realized, enabling environmental IoT devices to synchronize uplink and downlink, thereby reducing costs, power consumption, and the complexity of the communication system.

[0047] In one embodiment, when synchronization is performed using a preamble code, the preamble code is located in the transmission header, and the preamble code includes at least one of a preamble code sequence, synchronization information, and indication information.

[0048] In one embodiment, the preamble may include only one of the preamble sequence, synchronization information, and indication information, or it may include a combination of the above information.

[0049] For example, in downlink transmission (in an R2D link), synchronization information can be used as a preamble synchronization code and inserted into the transmission header for synchronization; in uplink transmission (in a D2R link), a preamble synchronization code sequence can be used as a preamble synchronization code and inserted into the transmission header for synchronization.

[0050] For example, during downlink transmission, synchronization information and control information can be used as preamble synchronization codes, with the synchronization information preceding the control information; during downlink transmission, a preamble synchronization code sequence and control information can be used as preamble synchronization codes, with the preamble synchronization code sequence preceding the control information, for synchronization purposes.

[0051] It should be noted that the composition and transmission order of the preamble synchronization code can be determined according to the actual situation, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations.

[0052] When the preamble synchronization code includes a preamble synchronization code sequence, the preamble synchronization code sequence includes at least one of the following: composition method and duration. The composition method is used to determine how the preamble synchronization code sequence is generated, and the duration is used to determine the signal length and signal type of the preamble synchronization code sequence during transmission.

[0053] The composition of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes: Based on at least one of the following: Zadoff-Chu sequence, Maximum-Length Sequence (m-sequence), pseudo-random sequence Gold sequence, pseudo-noise sequence PN sequence, constant envelope zero autocorrelation sequence CGS sequence, orthogonal covering code OCC sequence, Gray sequence, low peak-to-average power ratio PAPR sequence, Reed-Mahler RM sequence, or covered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sequence; or Mixed sequences obtained by mixing, splicing, or scrambling Zadoff-Chu sequences, m sequences, Gold sequences, PN sequences, CGS sequences, OCC sequences, Gray sequences, low PAPR sequences, RM sequences, or covered OFDM sequences; or Based on predefined or preconfigured sequences.

[0054] Among them, the Zadoff-Chu sequence, also known as the ZC sequence, can be used for synchronization and channel estimation. It has good autocorrelation and cross-correlation. Autocorrelation refers to the structure of a sequence after performing correlation operations with other sequences, reflecting the periodicity and repetition of the sequence. Cross-correlation refers to the result of performing correlation operations with other sequences, reflecting the degree of similarity between the sequences.

[0055] The m-sequence, also known as the longest linear shift register sequence, is a pseudo-random sequence, pseudo-noise code, or pseudo-random code. It is easy to generate, has strong regularity, and exhibits good autocorrelation and cross-correlation.

[0056] Gold sequences are constructed by modulo-2 addition of two preferred m-sequences with equal code lengths and the same code clock rate, and they exhibit both autocorrelation and cross-correlation.

[0057] PN sequences, also known as pseudo-noise sequences or PN codes, have a structure or form that can be predetermined and can be repeatedly generated.

[0058] CGS (Constant Amplitude Zero Autocorrelation) sequences are sequences whose autocorrelation function is zero outside of zero. When a CGS sequence is used as a transmitted signal, the correlation between the received echo signal and the original transmitted signal is only detected when the signals are perfectly aligned. Gray sequences are a binary encoding method where any two adjacent numbers differ by only one bit, with all other bits being the same.

[0059] Low PAPR sequences refer to sequences in which the ratio of maximum peak power to average power in a signal is low, thereby reducing the PAPR of the signal. Low PAPR signal sequences can be generated through sequence design, phase rotation, cyclic shift, etc., and can be used as modulation symbols for uplink demodulation reference signals, probe reference signals, etc.

[0060] RM sequences, short for Reed-Muller sequences, are a special type of binary sequence generated based on Boolean functions and polynomials over finite fields.

[0061] The covered OFDM sequence is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology. In an OFDM system, the data sequence is modulated onto specific subcarriers. The modulated subcarriers are then converted into time-domain signals using inverse Fourier transform, generating an OFDM symbol containing one or more orthogonal subsequences. To avoid the data sequence becoming too concentrated in the spectrum after being modulated onto specific subcarriers, the data sequence in the OFDM symbol is covered or replaced by modifying the data modulated onto the specific subcarriers, thus generating a new OFDM symbol.

[0062] It should be noted that the composition of the above-mentioned preamble synchronization code sequence includes at least one of the base sequences. The base sequence is based on ZC sequence, m sequence, Gold sequence, PN sequence, CGS sequence, OCC sequence, Gray sequence, low PAPR sequence, RM sequence or covered OFDM sequence. It can be understood that the preamble synchronization code sequence may include one or more of the above-mentioned base sequences. When multiple base sequences are included, they may include multiple identical base sequences (e.g., multiple ZC sequences) or multiple different base sequences (e.g., a combination of at least one ZC sequence and at least one m sequence).

[0063] In one embodiment, the composition of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a mixed sequence obtained by mixing, splicing, or scrambling the base sequences. The mixing can be a process of mixing multiple different base sequences according to a preset rule to obtain a mixed sequence, for example, arranging parts of the ZC sequence, m sequence, and PN sequence in sequence to obtain a mixed sequence; the splicing can be a process of connecting multiple different base sequences in sequence to form a mixed sequence, for example, combining the ZC sequence and the m sequence to form a mixed sequence; the scrambling can be a process of multiplying the scrambling code with the base sequence to obtain a new mixed sequence.

[0064] In one embodiment, the composition of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a predefined or preconfigured sequence, which can be generated based on the criterion of the largest correlation peak, the criterion of the largest main lobe / side lobe of the correlation peak, or the criterion of the sum of the main lobe / other side lobes of the correlation peak. The sequence based on the predefined or preset value can be one or more, and the sequence can possess at least one of the following characteristics: good correlation, resistance to deep fading, and good demodulation performance.

[0065] It should be noted that the preamble synchronization code sequence can be composed in any of the above-mentioned ways, or a combination of sequences obtained by different ways can be used as the preamble synchronization code sequence according to the actual situation. This disclosure does not make any specific restrictions.

[0066] In one embodiment, the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence includes a first preset number of time granularities. These time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units, and chips, wherein the first preset number is greater than 0. It should be noted that OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units, and chips are time granularities, which can reuse the definition of NR or be newly defined time granularities for the environmental Internet of Things (IoT).

[0067] The first preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs. The first preset quantity can be pre-configured in IoT devices or base stations. For example, the first preset quantity can be configured as 1, 2, etc. This disclosure does not make any specific limitation.

[0068] It should be noted that the above time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and chip. It can be understood that the time granularity includes only any one of the above basic units, or it may include multiple of the above basic units.

[0069] When the time granularity includes multiple basic units, they can be the same basic unit, for example, the time granularity includes two chips; the time granularity can also be different basic units, for example, the time granularity includes a combination of a time unit and a chip. For example, a new time granularity can be defined as the sum of the durations of a 0 chip and a 1 chip.

[0070] The frame is 10ms long, each frame is divided into two equal half-frames, each half-frame is 5ms long, and each frame can be divided into 10 subframes.

[0071] A slot, also known as a time unit, has five selectable subcarrier spacings in an NR system. Correspondingly, the number of slots in each subframe depends on the parameter μ, which has five values ​​from 0 to 4. When μ=0, there is 1 slot or subframe, and each slot lasts for 1ms; when μ=1, there are 2 slots or subframes, and each slot lasts for 0.5ms; when μ=2, there are 4 slots or subframes, and each slot lasts for 0.25ms; when μ=3, there are 8 slots or subframes, and each slot lasts for 0.125ms; and when μ=4, there are 16 slots or subframes, and each slot lasts for 0.0625ms.

[0072] Symbol, short for time-domain symbol, also known as OFDM symbol, can be combined with other multiple access methods. The length of the time-domain symbol can vary depending on the subcarrier spacing. Typically, each slot includes 14 symbols.

[0073] A sampling point is a series of discrete sampling points obtained from the transmitted or received waveform by nodes such as base stations or IoT devices at certain time intervals. It is the smallest unit processed by the transmitting or receiving end.

[0074] Chips are used to represent the temporal resolution of a signal, and the chip rate is the number of chips transmitted per second, which determines the highest rate at which the system can process signals.

[0075] The time unit is used to describe the resolution and duration of the signal in time, and the time unit is determined based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0076] In one embodiment, the time granularity is newly defined and can be A-IoT symbols, A-IoT chips, A-IoT time units, A-IoT OFDM symbols, A-IoT slots, A-IoT subframes, A-IoT frames, or A-IoT sampling points, which are specifically defined for Ambient IoT transmission systems.

[0077] The newly defined time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, symbol, time unit, or chip. Specifically, the newly defined time granularity is represented as: PDRCH OFDM symbol; PDRCH Slot; PDRCH Subframe; PDRCH Frame; PDRCH sampling point; PDRCH symbol; PDRCH duration; PDRCH chip; PRDCH OFDM symbol; PRDCH Slot; PRDCH Subframe; PRDCH Frame; PRDCH sampling point; PRDCH symbol; PRDCH duration; PRDCH chip. Among them, PDRCH OFDM symbol, PDRCH Slot, PDRCH Subframe, PDRCH sampling point, PDRCH symbol, PDRCH duration or PDRCH chip are used to characterize the information transmitted in the transmission channel on the D2R link; PRDCH OFDM symbol, PRDCH Slot, PRDCH Subframe, PRDCH Frame, PRDCH sampling point, PRDCH symbol, PRDCH duration or PRDCH chip are used to characterize the information transmitted in the transmission channel on the R2D link.

[0078] In one embodiment, the time granularity can be the definition of a multiplexed new radio interface (NR), wherein the time granularity of the multiplexed NR includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, and microsecond.

[0079] In the case of reusing NR definitions, Slot is a Slot defined in NR, and the duration of Slot is at least one of the durations of Slot in NR; Frame is a Frame defined in NR, and the duration of Frame is at least one of the durations of Frame in NR; Subframe is a Subframe defined in NR, and the duration of Subframe is at least one of the durations of Subframe in NR; OFDM symbol is an OFDM symbol defined in NR, and the duration of OFDM symbol is at least one of the durations of OFDM symbol in NR; the duration of sampling point is the duration of sampling point in NR.

[0080] It should be noted that the time granularity of the NR definition reused above can also be combined with the redefined time granularity. This disclosure does not impose specific limitations and can be determined according to actual needs.

[0081] The definition of a microsecond (μs) can reuse existing international standard definitions. The time granularity of a microsecond is mainly used to characterize a specific time granularity, defined as AA μs, where AA is a specific numerical value. For example, the time granularity of PDRCH is defined as 44.4 μs.

[0082] In one embodiment, the time granularity is variable. The time granularity has a preset deviation range, for example, the preset deviation range of the time granularity is within 10%, or the preset deviation range is within 1%.

[0083] Multiple time granularities can be defined. For example, the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence can be defined as 1 time granularity, 2 time granularities, 3 time granularities, etc.

[0084] The time granularity can also be defined as a preset range value. It can be understood that the first preset quantity mentioned above can be taken within the preset range value. For example, the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence can be between the time granularity of the first value and the time granularity of the second value. The first value and the second value can be determined according to actual needs, such as the duration of the preamble synchronization code sequence being between 2 and 3 time granularities.

[0085] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by limiting the composition of the preamble synchronization code sequence and redefining or reusing the definition in the existing NR, an environmental Internet of Things system is realized as a synchronization method, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0086] In one embodiment, when the preamble synchronization code includes synchronization information, the synchronization information includes at least one of the following: a start position indication, a clock acquisition section, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier. It should be noted that the synchronization information may include only one of the following: a start position indication, a clock acquisition section, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier; or it may include a combination of two or more of the following: a start position indication, a clock acquisition section, calibration information, an extended preamble synchronization code, and a pilot carrier. This disclosure does not impose specific limitations.

[0087] When the synchronization information includes a start position indication, the start position indication is used to characterize the start position of the transmission. In one feasible implementation, the start position indication can be used to provide the start position of R2D transmission from the base station to the IoT device; wherein the R2D transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PRDCH, first R2D control information, a reference signal, and broadcast information. For example, the R2D transmission includes only synchronization codes (preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and / or postamble synchronization code) and a PRDCH; the R2D transmission includes only synchronization codes and first R2D control information; the R2D transmission may include synchronization codes, a PRDCH, and first R2D control information. Cases where the R2D transmission includes synchronization codes and reference signals or broadcast information can refer to the above-described R2D transmission structure, and will not be repeated here.

[0088] In one feasible implementation, the starting position indication is also used to provide the starting position of the D2R transmission from the IoT device to the base station, wherein the D2R transmission includes at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, a postamble synchronization code, a PDRCH, first D2R control information, a reference signal, and auxiliary information. For example, the D2R transmission may only include the synchronization code and the PDRCH; the D2R transmission may also only include the synchronization code and the first D2R control information; the D2R transmission may also include the synchronization code, the PDRCH, and the first D2R control information. It should be noted that the case where the D2R transmission includes the synchronization code, the reference signal, and / or auxiliary information is similar to the D2R transmission structure described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0089] In one embodiment, the starting position indication includes at least one of composition, duration, and encoding method.

[0090] The start position indication is composed of at least one of the following: a 0 chip; a 1 chip; a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; or a period of empty time with no input. The duration of each chip includes a second preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, symbols, sampling points, time units, or chips. When the start position indication includes multiple levels, the duration of each chip may be the same or different. In this embodiment, a 0 chip can also be referred to as a low level, a 1 chip as a high level, and a chip as a level.

[0091] The aforementioned 0-chip segment can be a low-level symbol, a low-level chip, a low-level time unit, or other time granularity; the aforementioned 1-chip segment can be a high-level symbol, a high-level chip, a high-level time unit, or other time granularity; the aforementioned combination or repetition of a 0-chip segment and a 1-chip segment can be a combination of a 1-chip segment and a 0-chip segment, such as a combination of a -1-chip segment and a -0-chip segment, or a combination of a -0-chip segment and a -1-chip segment; it can also be obtained by repeating a 0-chip segment, a 1-chip segment, or a 1-chip segment and a 0-chip segment; or it can be a combination and / or repetition of other time granularities.

[0092] It should be noted that the aforementioned second preset quantity can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. The value of the second preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations. For example, the second preset quantity is 1.

[0093] When the start position indicator includes multiple chip segments, the duration of each chip segment can be the same or different. When the start position indicator includes one 0 chip, one 1 chip, and another 0 chip, the duration of these three chip segments is the same, for example, 10 μs. The durations of these three chip segments can also be different; for example, the duration of the 0 chip segment may include a time granularity of x1, the duration of the 1 chip segment may include a time granularity of x2, and the duration of the other 0 chip segment may include a time granularity of x3. It should be noted that the duration of each chip segment is different. This can mean that all chip segments have different durations (x1 ≠ x2 ≠ x3), or that some chip segments have the same duration but different durations from other chip segments (e.g., x1 = x3 ≠ x2), meaning the duration of the 0 chip is different from the duration of the 1 chip.

[0094] The duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip. It should be noted that the third preset number can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device and can be determined according to actual needs. For example, the third preset number can be 1, 2, 3, etc.

[0095] The encoding methods for starting position indication include Manchester encoding, Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), Miller encoding, Bi-Phase Space Coding (FM0), and no encoding. Manchester encoding is a biphase encoding that uses high-low level transitions to represent "0" or "1". It is a self-synchronizing encoding method, with the clock synchronization signal hidden within the data waveform, suitable for transmission over serial channels. Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE) uses the different time widths between falling edges of pulses to represent binary data. Miller encoding, also known as delay modulation encoding, is a variation of biphase encoding that uses level transitions to represent data changes. FM0 encoding (Bi-Phase Space Coding) can represent binary data based on level changes.

[0096] It should be noted that the composition type and definition of time granularity in this embodiment are the same as those in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0097] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by limiting the composition, duration and / or encoding method of the starting position indication, a synchronization information is obtained for synchronization in an environmental Internet of Things system, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0098] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes a clock acquisition section, the clock acquisition section is used to determine the duration, number of time granularities, or size of at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, sampling points, chips, symbols, and time units; wherein, the subsequent transmission is a transmission following the preamble synchronization code of the current R2D transmission, including at least one of PRDCH, first R2D control information, reference signal, and broadcast information; or the subsequent transmission is a transmission following the preamble synchronization code of the current D2R transmission, including at least one of PDRCH, first D2R control information, reference signal, and auxiliary information; or the subsequent transmission is the next transmission after the current R2D or D2R transmission.

[0099] In one embodiment, the clock acquisition portion includes at least one of composition method, duration, and encoding method.

[0100] In one feasible implementation, the clock acquisition section is composed of any of the following: a 0 chip; a 1 chip; a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; wherein the duration of each chip includes a fourth preset number of time granularities, the fourth preset number being greater than 0, and the time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip; when the clock acquisition section includes multiple chips, the duration of each chip may be the same or different.

[0101] It should be noted that the fourth preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs, and the fourth preset quantity can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. This disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0102] Preferably, the clock acquisition section can be composed of a 0 chip, a 1 chip, a 0 chip, and a 1 chip.

[0103] The specific implementation of the clock acquisition part in this embodiment is similar to the specific implementation of the start position indication in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0104] The duration of the clock acquisition section includes a fifth preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip.

[0105] It should be noted that the fifth preset quantity can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device, and the duration of the clock acquisition part can be variable. For example, the duration of the clock acquisition part can be configured to multiple fixed values, or to a preset range value, or to have a preset deviation range, etc. This disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0106] The encoding methods for the clock acquisition section include Manchester encoding, PIE encoding, Miller encoding, FM0 encoding, and no encoding.

[0107] The specific implementation of the encoding method for the clock acquisition part in this embodiment is similar to the specific implementation of the encoding method for the start position indication in the previous embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by limiting the composition, duration and / or encoding method of the clock acquisition part, another kind of synchronization information is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0109] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes calibration information, the calibration information includes at least one of calibration information for transmission from the base station to the IoT device and calibration information for transmission from the IoT device to the base station; the calibration information includes at least one of composition and duration. The composition is used to determine the type of calibration information, and the duration is used to determine the number of time granularities occupied by the calibration information during transmission.

[0110] In one feasible implementation, the calibration information is composed in any of the following ways: a 0 chip; a 1 chip; a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; wherein the duration of each chip includes a sixth preset number of time granularities, the sixth preset number being greater than 0, and the time granularity including at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip; when the calibration information includes multiple levels, the duration of each level may be the same or different.

[0111] The aforementioned sixth preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs. The sixth preset quantity can be pre-configured in base stations or IoT devices, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations.

[0112] The duration of the calibration information is within a first preset time granularity, which includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip.

[0113] The aforementioned first preset range of time granularity refers to a value between the first time granularity and the second time granularity. The specific values ​​of the first time granularity and / or the second time granularity can be determined according to actual needs, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations. For example, the duration from the IoT device to the base station can be between 2.5 and 3 time granularities; the duration from the base station to the IoT device can be between 1 and 3 time granularities.

[0114] It should be noted that the specific implementation methods of the composition of calibration information and the definition of time granularity in the embodiments of this disclosure are the same as the specific implementation methods of the composition of the starting position indication and the definition of time granularity in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0115] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of calibration information, another type of synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in an environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0116] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes an extended preamble synchronization code, the extended preamble synchronization code is used to enhance the timing effect; the extended preamble synchronization code includes at least one of the composition method and duration.

[0117] The extended preamble code is composed of a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; the duration of each chip includes a seventh preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0, and the time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit or chip; when the extended preamble code includes multiple chips, the duration of each chip may be the same or different.

[0118] The duration of the extended preamble synchronization code includes an eighth preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip.

[0119] It should be noted that the seventh and eighth preset quantities can be determined according to actual needs, and the seventh and eighth preset quantities can be pre-configured in base stations or IoT devices. This disclosure does not impose any specific limitations.

[0120] The specific implementation methods of the extended preamble code composition, duration, and time granularity in this embodiment are the same as those in the previous embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0121] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of the extended preamble synchronization code, another type of synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0122] In one embodiment, when the synchronization information includes a pilot carrier, the pilot carrier is used for channel estimation; the pilot carrier includes at least one of the following: composition and duration. Channel estimation is the process of estimating the effects experienced when passing through a channel in a communication system, including channel impulse response or channel matrix estimation, which can reduce channel uncertainty and enable signals to be decoded more accurately by the receiver.

[0123] The pilot carrier can be composed of at least one of the following: It uses the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; The target generated sequence is reused, wherein the target generated sequence includes at least one of the following: Zadoff-Chu sequence, m sequence, Gold sequence, PN sequence, CGS sequence, OCC sequence, Gray sequence, low PAPR sequence, RM sequence, covered OFDM sequence, primary synchronization signal (PSS) sequence, and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) sequence. Define a new generating sequence.

[0124] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned generation method that is the same as the preamble synchronization code sequence refers to the sequence obtained by using the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence, such as the sequence generated by the mixed method of ZC sequence and m sequence, which is determined as the pilot carrier.

[0125] Alternatively, the preamble synchronization code sequence can be used directly as the pilot carrier, or existing target generation sequences such as ZC sequences and m sequences can be used to generate the pilot carrier. In addition, any redefined generation sequence can be used as the pilot carrier.

[0126] PSS is a physical layer-specific signal that helps IoT devices obtain wireless frame boundaries. It is a type of m-sequence and provides the longest non-repeating sequence. SSS is also a physical layer-specific signal that helps IoT devices obtain subframe boundaries and is also a type of m-sequence.

[0127] The duration of the pilot carrier includes a ninth preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, or chip.

[0128] It should be noted that the number of the ninth preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs, and the number of the ninth preset quantity can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. This disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0129] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the composition and duration of the pilot carrier, another type of synchronization information is obtained, which is used for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, effectively reducing system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0130] In one embodiment, the indication information includes at least one of second R2D control information and second D2R control information. The second R2D control information may be first R2D control information, and the second D2R control information may be first D2R control information. The first R2D control information may include a channel for transmitting the first R2D control information, such as a PRDCH channel, and the first D2R control information may include a channel for transmitting the first D2R control information, such as a PDRCH channel.

[0131] It should be noted that the second R2D control information or the second D2R control information is part of the preamble synchronization code and is located in the transmission header for synchronization; while the first R2D control information or the first D2R control information is information corresponding to the transmitted data or control command and is not used for synchronization.

[0132] In one embodiment, when the indication message includes second R2D control information, the indication information of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following: Rate information, used to indicate the transmission rate; Carrier frequency information, used to indicate the carrier frequency for transmission; Frequency information, used to indicate the frequency location and / or bandwidth size of the exponential transmission; Time-domain information, used to indicate the time-domain location and / or the duration of the transmission; Time granularity information, used to indicate the time granularity used and / or the corresponding time granularity size; Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data blocks being transmitted; Modulation information, used to indicate the modulation method and / or modulation order of this transmission; Bitrate information, used to indicate the bitrate of this transmission; Encoding information, used to indicate the encoding method used in this transmission; Repeat transmission information is used to indicate whether repeat transmission was used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeat transmissions; Frequency hopping indication information is used to indicate whether frequency modulation and / or the position of frequency modulation were performed in this transmission; Intermediate synchronization code indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: whether intermediate synchronization code was used in this transmission, the density of intermediate synchronization codes, the number of intermediate synchronization codes, and the deployment time granularity of intermediate synchronization codes.

[0133] The carrier frequency, or carrier frequency, is the frequency onto which a signal is loaded during signal transmission. The time domain describes the signal's variation over time; the frequency domain describes the signal's variation with frequency. A transport block is a unit of data transmitted at a time, serving as the basic unit for uplink and downlink transmission. Modulation is the process or method of changing the characteristics of one waveform according to another waveform or signal. It typically transforms the original signal into a high-frequency signal with a bandwidth suitable for channel transmission. Modulation methods can include analog modulation and digital modulation. Digital modulation signals include amplitude shift keying (APS), frequency shift keying (FPS), phase shift keying (PPS), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The modulation order is the number of discrete symbols that modulate the information carrier into the modulated signal. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the repetition count indicator and the transport block size. Frequency hopping indication refers to adding a frequency hopping indicator to the modulated signal in wireless communication to instruct the receiver to change its receiving frequency to track changes in the modulated signal.

[0134] In one embodiment, the indication target of the second R2D control information includes at least one of the following: PRDCH; First R2D control information; Other parts of the preamble, such as the chip length in the clock acquisition section, or the generation method or generation parameters of the preamble sequence; PDRCH; First D2R control information; Potential reference signals; Auxiliary information; Broadcast information.

[0135] In one embodiment, when the indication message includes second D2R control information, the indication information of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following: Transport block information, used to indicate the size of the data blocks being transmitted; Bitrate information, used to indicate the bitrate of this transmission; Encoding information, used to indicate the encoding method used in this transmission; Repeat transmission information is used to indicate whether repeat transmission was used in this transmission and / or the corresponding number of repeat transmissions; Continue transmitting information to indicate whether the transmission of this block is complete; Duration information, used to indicate the duration of this transmission; Intermediate synchronization code indication information is used to indicate at least one of the following: whether intermediate synchronization code was used in this transmission, the density of intermediate synchronization codes, the number of intermediate synchronization codes, and the deployment time granularity of intermediate synchronization codes.

[0136] For example, transport block information may include information such as data block size, payload information, or total number of bits transmitted.

[0137] The encoding information may include any of the following: the type of forward error correction (FEC) code used (such as convolutional code), the type of linear encoding used (such as Manchester code, Miller code, FM0 code), and the length and / or type of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code used (e.g., whether to use 6-bit CRC or 16-bit CRC, whether to use the CRC generator polynomial in NR or the CRC generator polynomial in Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

[0138] For example, a continue transmission information of 0 indicates that the transmission block has not yet been completed, and the next uplink transmission data will still be the information of this transmission block; a continue transmission information of 1 indicates that the transmission block has been completed.

[0139] In one embodiment, the indication target of the second D2R control information includes at least one of the following: PDRCH; First D2R control information; Other parts of the preamble include, for example, the chip length in the clock acquisition section, or the generation method or parameters of the preamble sequence. Potential reference signals; Auxiliary information.

[0140] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the indication content and indication object of the indication information, another synchronization method is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0141] In one embodiment, when using an intermediate synchronization code for synchronization, the intermediate synchronization code is inserted in the middle of a D2R transmission or an R2D transmission. The intermediate synchronization code can be used for a D2R link or an R2D link. The intermediate synchronization code is used for at least one of timing enhancement, time or frequency tracking, channel estimation, and interference estimation. The intermediate synchronization code includes at least one of composition, duration, and deployment density interval.

[0142] Within a time slot, different users have different intermediate synchronization codes (Midamble), and these different intermediate synchronization codes have good autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties, which can be used for acquisition and tracking, channel estimation, etc. during the service communication phase.

[0143] It should be noted that the aforementioned intermediate synchronization code insertion in R2D transmission refers to the intermediate synchronization code being inserted into the middle of at least one of the PRDCH, the first R2D control information, the reference signal, and the broadcast information; the intermediate synchronization code insertion in D2R transmission refers to the intermediate synchronization code being inserted into the middle of at least one of the PDRCH, the first D2R control information, the reference signal, and the auxiliary information. For example, the intermediate synchronization code may be inserted into the PRDCH, or into the PRDCH and the first R2D control information; the intermediate synchronization code may be inserted into the PDRCH, or into the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. This disclosure does not impose specific limitations on this.

[0144] The intermediate synchronization code can be composed in at least one of the following ways: Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; It uses the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Reuse the target generated sequence; Define a new generating sequence; It adopts the same generation method as at least one of the following in the synchronization information: start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier; It employs the same generation mechanism as at least one of the following in the synchronization information: start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier; Define a new generation mechanism.

[0145] The above-mentioned intermediate synchronization code and preamble synchronization code sequence are generated in the same way, which means that the sequence obtained by using the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence is used as the intermediate synchronization code, such as the sequence generated by mixing ZC sequence and m sequence.

[0146] The target generated sequence may include at least one of the following: ZC sequence, m sequence, Gold sequence, PN sequence, CGS sequence, OCC sequence, Gray sequence, low PAPR sequence, RM sequence, covered OFDM sequence, PSS sequence, and SSS sequence.

[0147] The intermediate synchronization code can be obtained using the same generation method as at least one of the start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information. It is understood that the intermediate synchronization code can be different from or the same as at least one of the start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier. Alternatively, the intermediate synchronization code can be obtained using the same generation mechanism as at least one of the start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier in the synchronization information. In this case, the intermediate synchronization code is the same as the synchronization information obtained from at least one of the start position indication, clock acquisition section, calibration information, extended preamble synchronization code, and pilot carrier.

[0148] In one embodiment, the duration of the intermediate synchronization code includes a tenth preset number of time granularities, which includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and chip, wherein the tenth preset number is greater than 0.

[0149] It should be noted that the aforementioned tenth preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs. The tenth preset quantity can be pre-configured in base stations or IoT devices, and this disclosure does not make any specific limitations on it.

[0150] The deployment density interval, or deployment overhead, is used to characterize the density of intermediate synchronization codes inserted during transmission. The deployment density interval is the insertion of at least one intermediate synchronization code every eleventh preset number of time granularities, where the eleventh preset number is greater than 0.

[0151] The aforementioned eleventh preset quantity can be determined according to actual needs. The eleventh preset quantity can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. For example, the eleventh preset quantity can be configured as 10, meaning that at least one intermediate synchronization code is inserted every 10 time granularities. It is worth noting that the number of intermediate synchronization codes inserted each time can be the same or different, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations.

[0152] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the function, purpose, composition, duration, and deployment density interval of the intermediate synchronization code, another synchronization method is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0153] In one embodiment, when using a post-synchronization code for synchronization, the post-synchronization code is placed at the end of the transmission. The post-synchronization code is used for D2R links or R2D links. The post-synchronization code is used to indicate at least one of the following: the end of transmission, channel estimation, and interference estimation. The post-synchronization code includes at least one of the following: composition method and duration.

[0154] In one embodiment, the postlead synchronization code is used to indicate the end of transmission and may include at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and possible reference signals, preferably used to indicate the end of PRDCH or PDRCH.

[0155] The post-synchronization code can be generated in the same way as the pre-synchronization code sequence or synchronization information, or a completely new generation mechanism can be defined.

[0156] The post-synchronization code can be composed in any of the following ways: Same as the preamble synchronization code sequence; It uses the same generation method as the preamble synchronization code sequence; Reuse the target generated sequence; Define a new generating sequence; It adopts the same generation method as synchronization information; It adopts the same generation mechanism as synchronization information; Define a new generation mechanism.

[0157] It should be noted that the composition of the post-synchronization code is similar to that of the intermediate synchronization code, and will not be elaborated here.

[0158] The duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities, which is greater than 0. The time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, symbol, sampling point, time unit, and chip.

[0159] It should be noted that the number of the twelfth preset can be determined according to actual needs. The number of the twelfth preset can be pre-configured in the base station or IoT device. This disclosure does not make any specific limitations.

[0160] It should be noted that the time granularity multiplexing NR method or the new definition method in this disclosure is the same as the definition method of the aforementioned preamble synchronization code sequence, and will not be repeated here.

[0161] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by defining the function, purpose, composition, duration, etc. of the post-synchronization code, another synchronization method is obtained for synchronization in the environmental Internet of Things system, which effectively reduces system cost, power consumption and complexity.

[0162] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating another IoT device synchronization method provided by an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Figure 2 Based on the embodiment, S202 is further refined into S302 to limit the specific cases of using at least one of the preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code for synchronization. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment, the above-described S202 uses at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code for synchronization, including: S302. A preamble code is sent in the transmission header. The preamble code is transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information; or A preamble is sent at the beginning of the transmission, and a postamble is added at the end. The preamble and postamble are transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information; or A preamble sync code is sent at the beginning of the transmission, an intermediate sync code is added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble sync code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble sync code, intermediate sync code, and postamble sync code are transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information.

[0163] In one embodiment, synchronization can be achieved by sending only a preamble code in the transmission header, or by sending a preamble code in the transmission header and adding a postamble code at the end of the transmission, and then combining the two for synchronization. Alternatively, synchronization can be achieved by sending a preamble code in the transmission header, adding an intermediate synchronization code in the middle of the transmission, and adding a postamble code at the end of the transmission, and then combining all three for synchronization.

[0164] In one embodiment, a preamble code is sent in the transmission header. The preamble code is transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information, including at least one of the following: The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH, and the preamble synchronization code is placed before the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and there is a preset gap between them. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH, and the preamble synchronization code is placed before the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and there is a preset gap between them. The preamble code is transmitted together with the broadcast information, and the preamble code is placed before and immediately after the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the broadcast information, and the preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information with a preset gap between them. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and there is a preset gap between them. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is set immediately after the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is placed immediately next to the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first R2D control information and the PRDCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately after the D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the D2R control information by a preset gap. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is placed immediately next to the PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is transmitted together with the first D2R control information and PDRCH. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PDRCH and is separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap.

[0165] It should be noted that the "adjacent arrangement" in the above embodiments refers to the two components being placed right next to each other, with no gaps or time gaps between them. For example, when using a preamble and PRDCH for joint transmission, the preamble and PRDCH can be transmitted sequentially and seamlessly. The preset gap can be determined according to actual needs, and this disclosure does not impose specific limitations.

[0166] In one embodiment, a preamble synchronization code is sent in the transmission header, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code and the postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information, including at least one of the following: The preamble and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble is placed before the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to it, while the postamble is placed after the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to it. The preamble and follower sync codes are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble sync code is located before the PRDCH and separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The follower sync code is located after the PRDCH and is placed immediately next to the PRDCH. The preamble and follow-up sync codes are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble is placed before the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to it, while the follow-up sync code is placed after the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to it. The preamble and follower sync codes are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble sync code is located before the PDRCH and separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The follower sync code is located after the PDRCH and is placed right next to the PDRCH. The preamble and postamble are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble is placed before and immediately after the broadcast information, and the postamble is placed after and immediately after the broadcast information. The preamble and follower synchronization codes are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap. The follower synchronization code is located after the broadcast information and is set immediately next to the broadcast information. The preamble synchronization code and the follow-up synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The follow-up synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code and the follow-up synchronization code are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The follow-up synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code and the follow-up synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The follow-up synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code and the follower synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The follower synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The preamble and follower sync codes are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The follower sync code is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately next to the PRDCH. The preamble sync code and the follower sync code are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The follower sync code is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately next to the PRDCH. The preamble and follower synchronization codes are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is placed immediately next to the PRDCH. The follower synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is placed immediately next to the first R2D control information. The preamble and follower synchronization codes are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The follower synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The preamble and follow-up sync codes are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately after the first D2R control information. The follow-up sync code is located after the PDRCH and is set immediately after the PDRCH. The preamble sync code and the follower sync code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The follower sync code is located after the PDRCH and is set immediately next to the PDRCH. The preamble and follow-up sync codes are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the PDRCH and is placed immediately next to the PDRCH. The follow-up sync code is located after the first D2R control information and is placed immediately next to the first D2R control information. The preamble and follow-up sync codes are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the PDRCH and separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The follow-up sync code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information.

[0167] In one embodiment, a preamble synchronization code is sent at the beginning of the transmission, an intermediate synchronization code is added in the middle of the transmission, and a postamble synchronization code is added at the end of the transmission. The preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code are transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information, including at least one of the following: The preamble, intermediate sync code, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble is placed before the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to it. The postamble is placed after the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to it. The intermediate sync code is placed in the PRDCH and immediately adjacent to its content. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH. The preamble is placed before the PRDCH and separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble is placed after the PRDCH and placed immediately next to the PRDCH. The intermediate sync code is placed in the PRDCH and placed immediately next to the content of the PRDCH. The preamble, intermediate sync code, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble is placed before the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to it. The postamble is placed after the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to it. The intermediate sync code is placed in the PDRCH and immediately adjacent to its content. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH. The preamble is placed before the PDRCH and separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The postamble is placed after the PDRCH and placed next to the PDRCH. The intermediate sync code is placed in the PDRCH and placed next to the content of the PDRCH. The preamble, middle sync code, and postamble are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble is placed before the broadcast information and immediately adjacent to it. The postamble is placed after the broadcast information and immediately adjacent to it. The middle sync code is placed in the broadcast information and immediately adjacent to its content. The preamble sync code, intermediate sync code, and postamble sync code are transmitted together with the broadcast information. The preamble sync code is located before the broadcast information and is separated from the broadcast information by a preset gap. The postamble sync code is located after the broadcast information and is set immediately next to the broadcast information. The intermediate sync code is located in the broadcast information and is set immediately next to the content of the broadcast information. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before and adjacent to the first R2D control information. The postamble synchronization code is located after and adjacent to the first R2D control information. The intermediate synchronization code is located in the first R2D control information and adjacent to its content. The preamble, intermediate, and follow-up synchronization codes are transmitted together with the first R2D control information. The preamble is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The follow-up synchronization code is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The intermediate synchronization code is located in the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the content of the first R2D control information. The preamble sync code, intermediate sync code, and postamble sync code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately adjacent to the first D2R control information. The postamble sync code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately adjacent to the first D2R control information. The intermediate sync code is located in the first D2R control information and is set immediately adjacent to the content of the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and follow-up synchronization code are transmitted together with the first D2R control information. The preamble synchronization code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The follow-up synchronization code is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The intermediate synchronization code is located in the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the content of the first D2R control information. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble is located before and adjacent to the first R2D control information. The postamble is located after and adjacent to the PRDCH. The intermediate sync code is located in the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is adjacent to the content of the PRDCH or the first R2D control information. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble is located before the first R2D control information and is separated from the first R2D control information by a preset gap. The postamble is located after the PRDCH and is set immediately next to the PRDCH. The intermediate sync code is located in the PRDCH or the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the content of the PRDCH or the first R2D control information. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble is located before the PRDCH and is placed immediately next to the PRDCH. The postamble is located after the first R2D control information and is placed immediately next to the first R2D control information. The intermediate sync code is located in the PRDCH and is placed immediately next to the content of the PRDCH. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PRDCH and the first R2D control information. The preamble is located before the PRDCH and is separated from the PRDCH by a preset gap. The postamble is located after the first R2D control information and is set immediately next to the first R2D control information. The intermediate sync code is located in the PRDCH and is set immediately next to the content of the PRDCH. The preamble sync code, intermediate sync code, and postamble sync code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first D2R control information and is set immediately adjacent to the first D2R control information. The postamble sync code is located after the PDRCH and is set immediately adjacent to the PDRCH. The intermediate sync code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set immediately adjacent to the content of the PDRCH or the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code, intermediate sync code, and postamble sync code are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble sync code is located before the first D2R control information and is separated from the first D2R control information by a preset gap. The postamble sync code is located after the PDRCH and is set immediately next to the PDRCH. The intermediate sync code is located in the PDRCH or the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the content of the PDRCH or the first D2R control information. The preamble, intermediate, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble is located before the PDRCH and is placed immediately next to the PDRCH. The postamble is located after the first D2R control information and is placed immediately next to the first D2R control information. The intermediate sync code is located in the PDRCH and is placed immediately next to the content of the PDRCH. The preamble, intermediate sync code, and postamble are transmitted together with the PDRCH and the first D2R control information. The preamble is located before the PDRCH and separated from the PDRCH by a preset gap. The postamble is located after the first D2R control information and is set immediately next to the first D2R control information. The intermediate sync code is located in the PDRCH and is set immediately next to the content of the PDRCH.

[0168] It should be noted that the specific implementation methods of using preamble and postamble synchronization codes, and the specific implementation methods of using preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes are similar to the specific implementation method of using only preamble synchronization codes, and will not be repeated here.

[0169] It should be noted that the specific implementation methods of using preamble synchronization code and postamble synchronization code for synchronization, as well as the specific implementation methods of using preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code for synchronization, are merely examples provided to illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as limitations on the scope of protection of this disclosure. According to actual needs, at least one of the preamble synchronization code, postamble synchronization code, and intermediate synchronization code can also be combined with other R2D or D2R transmission methods and transformations within the scope of protection of this disclosure, and this disclosure does not make specific limitations.

[0170] In this embodiment of the disclosure, by using a preamble synchronization code, using a preamble and a follow-up synchronization code, or using a preamble, an intermediate synchronization code, and a follow-up synchronization code, uplink and downlink synchronization of the environmental Internet of Things can be achieved, thereby reducing system cost, power consumption, and complexity.

[0171] In one embodiment, the synchronization method using at least one of preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes is indicated by any of the following: Predefined synchronization methods; Through high-level configuration synchronization; Synchronization method indicated by other commands.

[0172] The aforementioned predefined synchronization methods include not only the predefined synchronization methods used, but also other information such as duration information, preamble synchronization code sequence information, and synchronization information, in addition to the predefined synchronization methods used.

[0173] In one embodiment, the synchronization method configured by the higher level includes at least one of the following: Configure the synchronization mode parameter in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) parameters; Configure the enable status of each component in the synchronization method in the RRC parameters; Configure the synchronization mode parameters in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer; Configure the enable state of each component in the synchronization method in the MAC layer.

[0174] In one feasible implementation, the synchronization mode parameter can be configured in the RRC parameters to express the currently used synchronization mode. For example, the sequence numbers 1, 2, and 3 can be configured, where sequence number 1 represents using only the preamble synchronization code, sequence number 2 represents using both the preamble and follow-up synchronization codes, and sequence number 3 represents using the preamble, intermediate synchronization codes, and follow-up synchronization codes. In addition to the above information, other configuration information can also be configured through the RRC parameters, such as duration information, configuration information for the preamble synchronization code sequence, and synchronization-related configuration information.

[0175] In one feasible implementation, the current synchronization method can be expressed by configuring the enable status of each component in the synchronization method in the RRC parameters. For example, the RRC parameters corresponding to the preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code can be configured separately, and the enable or disable options can be used to indicate whether the corresponding part is enabled. In addition to enabling, other configuration information can also be configured, such as duration information, configuration information of the preamble synchronization code sequence, and configuration information related to synchronization information.

[0176] In another feasible implementation, the currently used synchronization method can be expressed by configuring synchronization mode parameters or the enable status of each component in the MAC layer. For example, parameters corresponding to the preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes can be configured through the Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC-CE), and the enable or disable status of the corresponding part can be expressed by using enable or disable respectively. Alternatively, new configuration parameters or parameters, such as MAC parameters, can be defined in the MAC layer to configure the parameters corresponding to the preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes, and the enable or disable status of the corresponding part can also be expressed by using enable or disable.

[0177] In one embodiment, the synchronization method indicated by other commands includes at least one of the following: Indicate the synchronization method; Indicates the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode.

[0178] In one feasible implementation, the above-mentioned synchronization method indication is used to express the currently used synchronization method. For example, the indication numbers 1, 2, and 3, where number 1 represents using only a preamble synchronization code, number 2 represents using both a preamble and a follow-up synchronization code, and number 3 represents using a preamble, intermediate synchronization code, and follow-up synchronization code. In addition to the above information, other configuration information can also be indicated, such as duration information, configuration information for the preamble synchronization code sequence, and configuration information related to synchronization information.

[0179] The enable status of each component in the aforementioned synchronization method indicates the currently used synchronization method. For example, the RRC parameters corresponding to the preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes are configured separately, and "enable" or "disable" is used to indicate whether the corresponding part is enabled. In addition to enabling, other configuration information can also be configured, such as duration information, configuration information of the preamble synchronization code sequence, and configuration information related to synchronization information.

[0180] In one embodiment, the above-mentioned S202 uses at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code for synchronization, and further includes: At least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble codes occupies a fixed duration; or The duration of at least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble is not limited.

[0181] For example, at least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble occupies two symbols or two time units or a fixed 44.4 μs. Mapping can be performed according to predefined, configured, or indicated content; if the duration is exceeded, truncation is performed; if the duration is not reached, padding is performed, for example, by repetition until the fixed duration is filled.

[0182] For example, the duration of at least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble is not limited. For instance, the number of symbols occupied is not limited. The duration of the synchronization information mapping is adjusted according to the predefined, configured, or indicated content. The synchronization information may occupy 2 symbols or 3 symbols.

[0183] In this embodiment of the disclosure, fast synchronization is achieved by limiting the duration of at least one of the preamble synchronization code, intermediate synchronization code, and postamble synchronization code.

[0184] To further clarify the specific transmission structure of the IoT device synchronization method disclosed in this paper, the following section refers to the appendix. Figures 4-9 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0185] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of an example of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 In the middle, a preamble synchronization code is used for synchronization, which is used for downlink transmission.

[0186] like Figure 4 As shown, the synchronization method only includes a preamble, which contains synchronization information, including a start position indication and a clock acquisition section. The synchronization information occupies a total of four time units: the start position indication occupies two time units, and the clock acquisition section can consist of two symbols (0 or 1) and also occupies two time units. Since it is downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as an OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used; alternatively, no symbol can be defined, and the duration can be used instead. For example, confirming that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs, the start position indication occupies 44.4 μs, and the clock acquisition section also occupies 44.4 μs.

[0187] Figure 5 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of Example 2 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure. Figure 5 In the process, a preamble code is used for synchronization, which is then used for uplink transmission.

[0188] like Figure 5 As shown, the synchronization method only includes a preamble, where the preamble consists of a preamble sequence that occupies two time units. Since it is an uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined separately. For example, they can use an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as the OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT, or they can define the duration without defining a symbol. For instance, confirming one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs; referring to the above duration, confirming the duration of the preamble sequence occupies 44.4 μs.

[0189] Figure 6 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of Example 3 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure. Figure 6 In this process, Preamble and Postamble are used for synchronization, which is used for downlink transmission.

[0190] like Figure 6As shown, the synchronization method includes a preamble and a postamble. The preamble includes synchronization information, including a start position indication and a clock acquisition section. The synchronization information occupies a total of four time units: the start position indication occupies two time units, the clock acquisition section (which can be two symbols 0 or two symbols 1, also occupies two time units), and the postamble also occupies two time units. Since it is downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as an OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used; alternatively, no symbol can be defined, and the duration can be used instead. For example, confirming that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs, the start position indication occupies 44.4 μs, the clock acquisition section also occupies 44.4 μs, and the postamble also occupies 44.4 μs.

[0191] Figure 7 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of Example 4 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure. Figure 7 In this process, Preamble and Postamble are used for synchronization and for uplink transmission.

[0192] like Figure 7 As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble and Postamble. Preamble consists of a Preamble sequence, which occupies two time units, and Postamble also occupies two time units. Since it is uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined separately. For example, they can use A-IoT symbols with the same duration as OFDM symbols but defined separately for A-IoT, or they can define the duration without defining a symbol. For instance, confirming that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs, referring to the above duration, confirming that the Preamble sequence occupies 44.4 μs, and Postamble also occupies 44.4 μs.

[0193] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of Example 5 of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure. Figure 8 In this process, Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble are used for synchronization and for downlink transmission. One or more Midambles can be inserted.

[0194] like Figure 8As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble. Preamble includes a start position indication and a clock acquisition section, occupying 4 time units. The start position indication occupies 2 time units, and the clock acquisition section can use either two symbols (0 or 1), also occupying 2 time units. Postamble also occupies 2 time units. Midamble is inserted into the PRDCH value, occupying 2 time units. There may be only one Midamble inserted, or multiple Midambles, each occupying 2 time units and inserted at different positions in the PRDCH. Since it is downlink transmission, these time units can be OFDM symbols or separately defined A-IoT time units. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as the OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used; or no symbol can be defined, and the duration can be used for definition. For example, it is confirmed that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs, at which time the start position indication occupies 44.4 μs, the clock acquisition part also occupies 44.4 μs, the Postamble also occupies 44.4 μs, and the Midamble also occupies 44.4 μs. If there are multiple Midambles, each Midamble occupies 44.4 μs.

[0195] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates a structural schematic of Example Six of an IoT device synchronization method provided in this disclosure. Figure 9 In this process, Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble are used for synchronization and for uplink transmission. One or more Midambles can be inserted.

[0196] like Figure 9As shown, the synchronization methods include Preamble, Midamble, and Postamble. Preamble consists of a Preamble sequence, which occupies two time units. Postamble also occupies two time units. Midamble is inserted into the PDRCH, occupying two time units. There may be only one Midamble or multiple Midambles, each occupying two time units and inserted at different positions in the PDRCH. Since it is uplink transmission, these time units need to be defined individually. For example, an A-IoT symbol with the same duration as the OFDM symbol but defined separately for A-IoT can be used. Alternatively, no symbol can be defined, and the duration can be used for definition. For instance, it is confirmed that one OFDM symbol occupies 22.2 μs. Referring to the above duration, it is confirmed that the Preamble sequence occupies 44.4 μs, the Postamble also occupies 44.4 μs, and the Midamble also occupies 44.4 μs. If there are multiple Midambles, each Midamble occupies 44.4 μs.

[0197] It should be noted that the transmission structure in which at least one of Preamble, Midamble and Postamble is synchronized when PDRCH is used for uplink transmission and PDRCH is used for downlink transmission is only an example provided to illustrate the embodiments of this disclosure and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope of protection of this disclosure. Other data or information of R2D transmission or D2R transmission can be referred to the above examples, and will not be repeated here.

[0198] Based on the same inventive concept, this disclosure also provides an IoT device synchronization apparatus, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle by which this apparatus solves the problem is similar to that of the method embodiments described above, the implementation of this apparatus embodiment can refer to the implementation of the method embodiments described above, and repeated details will not be repeated.

[0199] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the structure of an IoT device synchronization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this disclosure, the Internet of Things device synchronization device includes a synchronization module 1010: the synchronization module 1010 is used to perform synchronization using at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code.

[0200] It should be noted that the synchronization module 1010 corresponds to S202 in the method embodiment. The examples and application scenarios implemented by the above module and the corresponding steps are the same, but are not limited to the content disclosed in the above method embodiment. It should be noted that the above module, as part of the apparatus, can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions.

[0201] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. For example... Figure 11 As shown, the communication system provided in this embodiment includes an Internet of Things (IoT) device 1110 and a base station 1120, wherein the IoT device 1110 and the base station 1120 use at least one of a preamble synchronization code, an intermediate synchronization code, and a postamble synchronization code for synchronization.

[0202] Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of the present invention can be implemented as systems, methods, or program products. Therefore, various aspects of the present invention can be specifically implemented in the following forms: a completely hardware implementation, a completely software implementation (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software aspects, collectively referred to herein as a "circuit," "module," or "system."

[0203] The following reference Figure 12 To describe an electronic device 1200 according to this embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 The electronic device 1200 shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitations on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0204] like Figure 12 As shown, the electronic device 1200 is manifested in the form of a general-purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 1200 may include, but are not limited to: at least one processing unit 1210, at least one storage unit 1220, and a bus 1230 connecting different system components (including storage unit 1220 and processing unit 1210).

[0205] The storage unit stores program code that can be executed by the processing unit 1210, causing the processing unit 1210 to perform the steps described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification according to various exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For example, the processing unit 1210 can perform actions such as... Figure 2 The diagram shows synchronization using at least one of the preamble, intermediate, and postamble synchronization codes.

[0206] Storage unit 1220 may include readable media in the form of volatile storage units, such as random access memory (RAM) 12201 and / or cache memory 12202, and may further include read-only memory (ROM) 12203.

[0207] Storage unit 1220 may also include a program / utility 12204 having a set (at least one) of program modules 12205, such program modules 12205 including but not limited to: operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules and program data, each or some combination of these examples may include an implementation of a network environment.

[0208] Bus 1230 can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory cell bus or memory cell controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processing unit, or a local bus using any of the various bus structures.

[0209] Electronic device 1200 can also communicate with one or more external devices 1240 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, Bluetooth device, etc.), and with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the system, and / or with any device that enables the electronic device 1200 to communicate with one or more other computing devices (e.g., router, modem, etc.). This communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interface 1250. Furthermore, the system can also communicate with one or more networks (e.g., local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), and / or public networks, such as the Internet) via network adapter 1260. Figure 12 As shown, network adapter 1260 communicates with other modules of electronic device 1200 via bus 1230. It should be understood that, although not shown in the figure, other hardware and / or software modules can be used in conjunction with electronic device 1200, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems.

[0210] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, terminal device, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0211] In exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a program product capable of implementing the methods described above is stored. In some possible embodiments, various aspects of the invention may also be implemented as a program product comprising program code that, when the program product is run on a terminal device, causes the terminal device to perform the steps of the various exemplary embodiments of the invention described in the "Exemplary Methods" section of this specification.

[0212] A program product for implementing the above-described method according to embodiments of the present invention is described. This product may employ a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited thereto. In this document, the readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0213] The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0214] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium other than a readable storage medium, capable of sending, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0215] The program code contained on the readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0216] Program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, and conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0217] It should be noted that although several modules or units for the device used to perform actions have been mentioned in the detailed description above, this division is not mandatory. In fact, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above can be embodied in one module or unit. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above can be further divided and embodied by multiple modules or units.

[0218] Furthermore, although the steps of the method in this disclosure are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that the steps must be performed in that specific order, or that all the steps shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. Additional or alternative steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or a step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0219] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the exemplary embodiments described herein can be implemented by software or by combining software with necessary hardware. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of this disclosure can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, external hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, mobile terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods according to the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0220] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing Internet of Things (IoT) devices, characterized in that, include: Synchronization is performed using a start position indicator and a clock acquisition section, wherein the start position indicator and the clock acquisition section are sent in the transmission header; Alternatively, synchronization can be performed using the start position indication, the clock acquisition portion, and the post-synchronization code, wherein the start position indication and the clock acquisition portion are sent at the beginning of the transmission, and the post-synchronization code is sent at the end of the transmission. Wherein, the duration of the starting position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities; the duration of the clock acquisition part includes a fifth preset number of time granularities; the duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities; the third preset number, the fifth preset number, and the twelfth preset number are 2; the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, non-OFDM symbol, sampling point, and chip.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The starting position indication is used to provide the starting position for reader-to-device R2D transmission or device-to-reader D2R transmission; The starting position indication includes at least one of composition mode, duration, and encoding mode, wherein: The starting position indication is composed of at least one of the following: a 0 chip; a 1 chip; a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; an empty time period with no input; wherein the duration of each chip includes a second preset number of time granularities, the second preset number being greater than 0, and the time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, non-OFDM symbol, sampling point, and chip; when the starting position indication includes multiple chip segments, the duration of each chip segment may be the same or different; The encoding method for the starting position indication includes one of Manchester encoding, Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), Miller Encoding, Bidirectional Interval Encoding (FM0), or no encoding.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clock acquisition section is used to determine the duration, number of time granularities, or size of at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, sampling points, chips, and non-OFDM symbols. The clock acquisition section includes at least one of the following: composition method, duration, and encoding method, wherein: The clock acquisition section can be composed of any of the following: a 0 chip; a 1 chip; a combination or repetition of a 0 chip and a 1 chip; wherein the duration of each chip includes a fourth preset number of time granularities, the fourth preset number being greater than 0, and the time granularities including at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, non-OFDM symbol, sampling point, and chip; when the clock acquisition section includes multiple chips, the duration of each chip may be the same or different. The encoding method of the clock acquisition section includes one of Manchester encoding, PIE encoding, Miller encoding, FM0 encoding, or no encoding.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-synchronization code is used to indicate at least one of the following: the end of transmission, channel estimation, and interference estimation. The post-synchronization code includes at least one of the following: composition method and duration, wherein: The post-synchronization code can be composed in any of the following ways: Reuse the target generated sequence; Define a new generating sequence; Define a new generation mechanism; The post-synchronization code is used for D2R links or R2D links.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time granularity is newly defined, wherein the newly defined time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, non-OFDM symbol, and chip, and the newly defined time granularity is expressed as follows: PDRCH OFDM symbol; PDRCH Slot; PDRCH Subframe; PDRCH Frame; PDRCH sampling points; PDRCH is not an OFDM symbol; PDRCH duration; PDRCH chip; PRDCH OFDM symbol; PRDCH Slot; PRDCH Subframe; PRDCH Frame; PRDCH sampling points; PRDCH is not an OFDM symbol; PRDCH duration; PRDCH chip.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time granularity is defined as the multiplexing new radio interface (NR), wherein the time granularity of the multiplexing NR includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, sampling point, and microsecond.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The time granularity has a preset deviation range; or multiple time granularities are defined; or the time granularity is defined as a preset range value.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization using the starting position indicator and clock acquisition section includes: The starting position indication and the clock acquisition section are transmitted together with at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization using the starting position indicator, the clock acquisition section, and the follow-up synchronization code includes: The starting position indication, the clock acquisition section, the post-synchronization code, and at least one of PRDCH, PDRCH, first R2D control information, first D2R control information, and broadcast information are transmitted together.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The synchronization method is indicated using any of the following: Predefined synchronization methods; Through high-level configuration synchronization; Synchronization method indicated by other commands.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The synchronization method configured through a higher layer includes at least one of the following: Configure the synchronization mode parameter in the RRC parameters; Configure the enable status of each component in the synchronization method in the RRC parameters; Configure the synchronization mode parameters in the MAC layer; Configure the enable state of each component in the synchronization method in the MAC layer.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The synchronization method indicated by other commands includes at least one of the following: Indicate the synchronization method; Indicates the enable status of each component in the synchronization mode.

13. A method for synchronizing IoT devices, applied to IoT devices, characterized in that, The method includes: The system receives transmissions from a network device, the transmissions including a start position indication and a clock acquisition portion, or a start position indication, a clock acquisition portion, and a post-synchronization code. The start position indication and clock acquisition portion are sent at the beginning of the transmission, and the post-synchronization code is sent at the end of the transmission. The duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities; the duration of the clock acquisition portion includes a fifth preset number of time granularities; the duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities; the third preset number, the fifth preset number, and the twelfth preset number are all 2; the time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, non-OFDM symbols, sampling points, and chips. Synchronization can be performed using the starting position indicator and the clock acquisition section, or using the starting position indicator, the clock acquisition section, and the follow-up synchronization code.

14. An Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization device, characterized in that, include: A first synchronization module is used for synchronization using a start position indication and a clock acquisition section, wherein the start position indication and the clock acquisition section are sent at the beginning of the transmission; or, synchronization is performed using the start position indication, the clock acquisition section, and a post-synchronization code, wherein the start position indication and the clock acquisition section are sent at the beginning of the transmission, and the post-synchronization code is sent at the end of the transmission; wherein the duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities; the duration of the clock acquisition section includes a fifth preset number of time granularities; the duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities; the third preset number, the fifth preset number, and the twelfth preset number are all 2; the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, non-OFDM symbol, sampling point, and chip.

15. An Internet of Things (IoT) device synchronization device, characterized in that, The device, applied to Internet of Things (IoT) devices, includes: A receiving module is used to receive transmissions from a network device. The transmission includes a start position indication and a clock acquisition section, or a start position indication, a clock acquisition section, and a post-synchronization code. The start position indication and clock acquisition section are sent at the beginning of the transmission, and the post-synchronization code is sent at the end of the transmission. The duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities; the duration of the clock acquisition section includes a fifth preset number of time granularities; and the duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities. The third, fifth, and twelfth preset numbers are all 2. The time granularities include at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, frames, microseconds, non-OFDM symbols, sampling points, and chips. The second synchronization module is used to synchronize using the starting position indicator and the clock acquisition part, or to synchronize using the starting position indicator, the clock acquisition part, and the post-synchronization code.

16. A communication system, characterized in that, The system includes network devices and IoT devices, wherein the network devices and the IoT devices are synchronized using a start position indication and a clock acquisition portion, wherein the start position indication and the clock acquisition portion are sent in the transmission header; or, they are synchronized using the start position indication, the clock acquisition portion, and a post-synchronization code, wherein the start position indication and the clock acquisition portion are sent in the transmission header, and the post-synchronization code is sent at the end of the transmission; wherein the duration of the start position indication includes a third preset number of time granularities; the duration of the clock acquisition portion includes a fifth preset number of time granularities; the duration of the post-synchronization code includes a twelfth preset number of time granularities; the third preset number, the fifth preset number, and the twelfth preset number are all 2; the time granularity includes at least one of OFDM symbol, slot, subframe, frame, microsecond, non-OFDM symbol, sampling point, and chip.

17. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; as well as Memory for storing the executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the IoT device synchronization method according to any one of claims 1 to 13 by executing the executable instructions.

18. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the Internet of Things device synchronization method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

19. A computer program product, comprising a computer program or computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer program or the computer instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to enable the computer to implement the Internet of Things device synchronization method as described in any one of claims 1 to 13.

Images