Cultivation method for increasing the yield of astragalus melilotoides

Abstract

This invention discloses a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, belonging to the field of agricultural cultivation technology. It addresses the problem of low yield of Astragalus membranaceus in existing technologies. The technical solution includes setting up alternating first and second planting zones on the target field. The first planting zone is composed of Astragalus membranaceus, and the second planting zone is composed of Artemisia argyi, with a zone width ratio of 1.5-2.5:1. Astragalus membranaceus seeds are sown or seedlings are transplanted in the first planting zone, while Artemisia argyi seeds are sown or seedlings are transplanted in the second planting zone. The Artemisia argyi in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area to maintain its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy, i.e., the plant population height reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. This method is mainly used to increase the yield of Astragalus membranaceus in farmland cultivation and is suitable for large-scale agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural cultivation technology, specifically relating to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus. Background Technology

[0002] In the herbaceous osmanthus (Astragalus membranaceus) Astragalus melilotoides In large-scale farmland cultivation practices of *Astragalus membranaceus*, the yield per unit area often falls short of ideal levels, hindering the effective development and utilization of this medicinal and forage plant resource. The main factors leading to low yields are concentrated in its early growth stages. *Astragalus membranaceus* seedlings have a relatively long seedling period and grow slowly, making it difficult to quickly form effective canopy cover for a considerable period after transplanting. This slow early growth state results in prolonged exposure of the field surface during the crucial early growing season. This exposed surface environment provides favorable conditions for weed growth, which compete with the target crop for key resources such as light, water, and nutrients, significantly inhibiting the growth of *Astragalus membranaceus* seedlings. Furthermore, the lack of effective surface cover exacerbates ineffective soil moisture evaporation, especially in arid or semi-arid regions, reducing soil moisture retention capacity and further intensifying the negative impact of water stress on seedling growth. In addition, the seedlings are small and have weak resistance to wind erosion or minor mechanical damage. While the traditional monoculture of *Astragalus membranaceus* is relatively simple to manage, it struggles to effectively overcome the negative impacts of early growth weakness. Attempts to improve the field microenvironment, suppress weeds, or conserve water and soil through intercropping or relay cropping with other plants also face challenges. The selection of companion plants is crucial; they must avoid excessive resource competition with the target crop while also possessing strong adaptability and relatively low management requirements. The main difficulty in actual production lies in how to scientifically allocate the types of companion plants and determine a reasonable spatial layout (such as bandwidth ratio) so that they can both act as an early ecological barrier (suppressing weeds, reducing evaporation, and preventing wind erosion and soil stabilization) and avoid excessive shading or competition with the target crop in its later growth stages, ultimately contributing to increased biomass accumulation in the target crop—*Astragalus membranaceus*. Previous research and practice have not yet provided sufficiently optimized solutions for finding intercropping patterns that can effectively synergistically promote the growth of the target crop while simplifying field management. Therefore, there is a real need to explore a cultivation method that can specifically overcome the early growth weakness of Astragalus membranaceus, optimize the field ecological configuration, and thus effectively improve its final yield. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the embodiments of the present invention is to solve at least the above-mentioned problems and / or defects, and to provide at least the advantages described below.

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to provide a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0005] This study aims to address the challenges in the cultivation of Astragalus membranaceus, where slow early growth, prolonged exposure to the ground, intense competition from weeds, severe water and soil evaporation losses, and susceptibility of seedlings to environmental stress all limit the effective increase in yield.

[0006] This study aims to address how to optimize the seed treatment or seedling transplanting methods of Astragalus membranaceus to improve its germination rate, transplant survival rate, and early growth vigor.

[0007] The goal is to address how to further enhance seed vigor, promote uniform germination and seedling resistance through specific seed coating formulas and processing techniques, thereby laying the foundation for high yields.

[0008] This study aims to address the challenge of accurately providing water and nutrients during the early stages of Astragalus membranaceus cultivation, particularly to promote early root development, reduce irrigation water waste, and improve nutrient utilization efficiency.

[0009] This study aims to address the challenges of managing the accompanying Artemisia annua stripes after Astragalus membranaceus has closed the canopy, preventing their excessive growth and shading of the Astragalus membranaceus, and effectively utilizing pruning resources to continuously improve the field microenvironment.

[0010] The goal is to address how to efficiently and specifically deliver certain beneficial microorganisms to the deep soil layers of the root system during the critical nutrient-demanding period (initial flowering stage) of Astragalus membranaceus, in order to activate soil nutrients (especially phosphorus) and promote root absorption.

[0011] This study aims to address how to quickly construct an ecological protection belt using existing Artemisia annua belts after the harvest of Astragalus membranaceus, thereby combining land use with soil conservation and providing an ecological barrier for subsequent crop rotation or production.

[0012] This study aims to address how to effectively implement crop rotation after long-term planting, prevent soil continuous cropping obstacles, and achieve effective separation of old and new root systems through physical isolation and adjustment of planting zone positions.

[0013] The goal is to solve the problem of how to efficiently convert Artemisia annua pruning materials and Astragalus membranaceus residue into high-value-added bio-fertilizer, thereby achieving resource recycling and soil improvement.

[0014] This study aims to address the problem of how to objectively and quantitatively determine whether Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the canopy closure stage (canopy coverage ≥70%).

[0015] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting zones on the target field, wherein the first planting zone is a strip of Astragalus membranaceus and the second planting zone is a strip of Artemisia argyi, and the width ratio of the Astragalus membranaceus strip to the Artemisia argyi strip is 1.5-2.5:1; 2) Sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; at the same time, sow seeds of Artemisia annua or transplant Artemisia annua seedlings in the second planting zone; 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area and its growth status is maintained until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy. Maintaining its growth status until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy means maintaining the growth status of Artemisia annua in the second planting zone until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus plant population reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met, it is considered that the plants have closed the canopy.

[0016] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, the method of sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings on the Astragalus strip includes: Place the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus at 4℃ for 12-36 hours, then soak them at 13-17℃ for 12 hours. Repeat this process 3-4 times. After the last cycle, coat the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and reached the one-leaf-one-heart stage. If seedling transplanting is used, first sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into transplanting pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. The transplanting pots are filled with a cultivation substrate composed of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. Sow one Astragalus membranaceus seed in each transplanting pot. A biodegradable film tube is also placed between the cultivation substrate and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplanting pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings together in the biodegradable film tube into the planting holes of the first planting zone.

[0017] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, the seed coating of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid solution. After adding gibberellin, the solution was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 kHz for 20 min. 50-100 nm nano-montmorillonite sheets were added to the solution at a dosage of 15-20% of the chitosan mass. The pH of the system was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.2 to form a composite coating solution, in which the chitosan mass-volume ratio was 0.15% and the gibberellin concentration was 60 ppm. Seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus and sprayed with a composite coating solution until the seed weight increased by 3.0 ± 0.5%. After hot air drying, the seeds were solidified and then irradiated with red light at a wavelength of 660 nm for 24 hours at a light intensity of 20 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 .

[0018] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, an irrigation strip is laid 20cm below the first planting strip with a drip hole spacing of 30cm. During the first irrigation, a potassium humate solution with a concentration of 5g / L is injected simultaneously at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m).

[0019] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, after the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the canopy-closing stage, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground. During the subsequent growth period of *Astragalus membranaceus*, when the height of the new shoots of *Artemisia annua* plants exceeds 20% of the average height of *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in the adjacent strip, the aforementioned topping pruning operation is repeated until *Astragalus membranaceus* is harvested; Within 24 hours after each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia annua and the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0020] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, the following steps are performed within the first planting zone during the initial flowering stage of Astragalus membranaceus: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches 40-50 cm deep along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagusintraradices The compound microbial inoculum solution is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable count in the compound microbial inoculum solution is ≥5×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial culture carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass-volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0021] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, after the Astragalus membranaceus is harvested, Artemisia argyi plants are retained and converted into ecological protection zones, and the Artemisia argyi is heavily pruned to retain the main stem height of 60-80 cm.

[0022] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, crop rotation is carried out in the second year after the harvest of Astragalus membranaceus according to the following steps: Dig a root severance trench 60-80 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide at the junction of the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A physical isolation layer is formed by filling the root pruning trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2. Move the new planting strip horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings.

[0023] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia annua are further processed in the following steps during the topping and pruning operation: Young branches with a diameter ≤0.5cm should be cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter >0.5cm should be crushed to 20-30 mesh. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U:10. 8 The CFUs were mixed in a specific ratio and fermented in three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen purging, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide purging to create an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air purging, oxygen concentration 8±1%. The fermentation products are dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

[0024] Preferably, in the cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, in step 3), the method for measuring the canopy coverage ≥70% is as follows: Five representative sample points are randomly selected within the target Astragalus membranaceus zone, and a square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm is placed at each sample point, with the frame close to the ground; the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus membranaceus plant within the frame to the total area of ​​the frame is recorded; the average of the proportions of the five sample points is calculated, and the average value ≥70% meets the canopy coverage requirement.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial technical effects of the present invention are: This invention, through alternating strip planting and canopy closure management, effectively utilizes Artemisia annua as an ecological barrier, significantly suppressing weed growth, reducing soil moisture evaporation, and lowering the risk of wind erosion during the seedling stage of Astragalus membranaceus, creating a more favorable early growth environment for Astragalus membranaceus. At the same time, by optimizing the strip planting ratio and controlling the canopy closure standard, it ensures that Artemisia annua will not excessively compete for resources in the later stages, thereby synergistically promoting the accumulation of Astragalus membranaceus biomass and the final yield increase.

[0026] This invention significantly improves the uniformity and vigor of germination of Astragalus membranaceus seeds through seed treatment and transplanting methods, enhances the convenience of transplanting operations and seedling survival rate. Its specific variable-temperature soaking cycle and pre-coating treatment lay the foundation for subsequent robust growth, while the substrate configuration of the transplanting pot and the application of biodegradable film tubes protect the seedling root system to the greatest extent, reduce transplanting damage, and ensure the robustness of early plant growth.

[0027] This invention, through a compound coating solution formula and post-coating treatment process, endows Astragalus membranaceus seeds with superior germination ability and seedling resistance. The addition of nano-montmorillonite enhances the physical protection and slow-release effect of the coating, while specific red light irradiation further activates the physiological activity of the seeds, comprehensively improving seed and seedling quality and providing a high-quality starting point for the construction of high-yield populations.

[0028] This invention, through the laying of drip irrigation tape and the initial irrigation scheme, can achieve precise and efficient supply of water and potassium humate nutrients, which directly act on the root development area, significantly reduce surface evaporation loss, improve water and fertilizer utilization, and the early application of potassium humate more effectively promotes root development and soil structure improvement, laying a solid root foundation for the vigorous growth of plants in the middle and later stages.

[0029] This invention, through the management of Artemisia annua pruning and the utilization of its residue, can continuously regulate the height of Artemisia annua after the clumps of Astragalus membranaceus have closed, preventing it from competing with Astragalus membranaceus for light and space. At the same time, the pruned material and residue are promptly converted into ground cover, playing multiple roles such as moisture retention, weed suppression, soil temperature regulation, and increasing organic matter return to the field, thus forming a virtuous cycle of field ecology.

[0030] This invention utilizes a deep trench injection method to deliver highly active beneficial microbial communities precisely to the deep root zone of Astragalus membranaceus during its critical nutrient-demanding period. The synergistic effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi effectively activates insoluble phosphorus and other nutrients in the soil, enhancing root absorption capacity. Meanwhile, the humic acid carrier provides a favorable micro-ecological environment, significantly promoting nutrient supply during the flowering period of the plant.

[0031] This invention, through post-harvest management of Artemisia annua strips, can quickly transform existing Artemisia annua strips into ecological protection strips. During the non-production season, these strips effectively play an ecological role in preventing wind erosion, fixing sand, and conserving water and soil, providing continuous protection for farmland. At the same time, by appropriately pruning, the strips maintain structural stability, creating favorable field conditions for the next round of planting or crop rotation.

[0032] This invention effectively breaks through continuous cropping barriers by using crop rotation and root pruning, along with planting strip relocation. It physically isolates and blocks the cross-spread of new and old root systems and potential soil-borne diseases. The fine-tuning of the planting strip location helps to utilize unused soil areas, enabling soil resource rotation and renewal, thus ensuring the sustainability and long-term stable yield of Astragalus membranaceus.

[0033] This invention utilizes a fermentation process involving Artemisia argyi branches and leaves and Astragalus membranaceus residue to efficiently transform field waste into specialized bio-fertilizer rich in active substances and beneficial microorganisms. The three-stage fermentation process, which combines graded treatment with specific bacterial enzyme combinations, significantly improves the humification level of organic matter and nutrient availability, thereby achieving resource recycling and continuous soil improvement.

[0034] This invention provides an objective, unified, and repeatable standard for determining whether the population of Astragalus membranaceus has reached the canopy closure stage through a quantitative measurement method of canopy cover. This avoids errors in subjective judgment and ensures the accuracy and consistency of canopy closure management measures (such as the initiation of Artemisia annua pruning). It is crucial for ensuring the standardized application of cultivation methods and the expected results.

[0035] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent in part from the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of this invention, the following embodiments are provided for further explanation. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following implementation plan are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0038] This invention provides a cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting strips on the target field, where the first planting strip is composed of Astragalus membranaceus and the second planting strip is composed of Artemisia annua, with a width ratio of 1.5-2.5:1. Lay drip irrigation tape 20cm below the first planting strip, with a drip hole spacing of 30cm. Simultaneously inject a 5g / L potassium humate solution during the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m). The width ratio of the Astragalus membranaceus to Artemisia annua strips can be specifically selected as 1.5:1, 2:1, or 2.5:1. The drip irrigation tape can be laid 20cm below the soil surface. The drip hole spacing can be 30cm. The concentration of the potassium humate solution injected during the first irrigation can be 5g / L. The flow rate of the solution injected during the first irrigation can be 0.6L / (h·m). Commercially available embedded patch drip irrigation tape or labyrinth drip irrigation tape can be used. The equipment for delivering potassium humate solution can be a standard fertilizer tank or a Venturi fertilizer applicator. Flow control can be achieved using adjustable irrigation valves or flow meters. Irrigation pipes and fittings made of PVC or PE materials can be used for the connecting pipelines. On the planned target plot, alternating first planting strips (Astragalus strips) and second planting strips (Artemisia strips) are marked according to the selected bandwidth ratio (e.g., 2:1). The drip irrigation tape is laid directly below the first planting strip (Astragalus strip) at a depth of 20 cm, parallel to the direction of the planting strips. The drip irrigation holes on the drip irrigation tape are spaced 30 cm apart. When the irrigation system is started, the pre-dissolved potassium humate solution (concentration 5 g / L) is injected into the irrigation water through the fertilizer applicator, mixed evenly, and then delivered to the drip irrigation tape. The mixed solution seeps out from the drip holes at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m), directly acting on the soil in the root zone of the Astragalus strip. The application of potassium humate solution is completed simultaneously with the first irrigation.

[0039] 2) Sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; at the same time, sow seeds of Artemisia annua or transplant Artemisia annua seedlings in the second planting zone; Preferably, the method of sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings on the Astragalus strip includes: Place the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus at 4℃ for 12-36 hours, then soak them at 13-17℃ for 12 hours. Repeat this process 3-4 times. After the last cycle, coat the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and reached the one-leaf-one-heart stage. If seedling transplanting is adopted, first sow the coated Melilotoides ruthenica seeds into transplant pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf and one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. Among them, the transplant pots are filled with a cultivation substrate, which is composed of peat:perlite:vermiculite with a volume ratio of 4:3:3. One Melilotoides ruthenica seed is sown in each transplant pot, and a biodegradable film tube is also arranged between the cultivation substrate and the transplant pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplant pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings in the biodegradable film tube together into the planting holes in the first planting zone.

[0040] Preferably, coating the Melilotoides ruthenica seeds includes the following steps: Dissolve chitosan in a citric acid solution with a mass-volume concentration of 0.5%, add gibberellin, and then ultrasonically disperse it at 50 kHz for 20 min. Incorporate nano-montmorillonite platelets with a particle size of 50-100 nm into the solution, and the incorporation amount is 15-20% of the mass of chitosan. Adjust the pH of the system to 5.8±0.2 to form a composite coating solution, where the mass-volume ratio of chitosan is 0.15% and the concentration of gibberellin is 60 ppm; Place the Melilotoides ruthenica seeds in a fluidized bed device. First, spray the composite coating solution until the seeds gain weight by 3.0±0.5%. After hot air drying, carry out curing, and then irradiate the coated seeds with red light with a wavelength of 660 nm for 24 hours, and the light intensity is 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . The mass-volume ratio of chitosan in the citric acid solution can be selected as 0.15%. The incorporation amount (accounting for the mass of chitosan) of nano-montmorillonite platelets can be selected as 15%, 17% or 20%. The pH value of the composite coating solution can be selected to be adjusted to 5.6, 5.8 or 6.0. The weight gain of the coated seeds can be selected to be controlled at 2.5%, 3.0% or 3.5%. Chitosan can adopt commercially available food-grade or industrial-grade chitosan powder with a deacetylation degree of ≥85%. Citric acid can adopt commercially available food-grade or industrial-grade anhydrous citric acid. Gibberellin (GA3) can adopt commercially available plant growth regulator technical material. Nano-montmorillonite can adopt commercially available nano-level montmorillonite powder. The fluidized bed device can adopt a laboratory or production-type small fluidized bed coater. The liquid spraying system can adopt a peristaltic pump and a spray gun supporting the fluidized bed. The hot air drying system can adopt the hot air generating device自带 by the fluidized bed. The curing process can be carried out in the fluidized bed or transferred to a constant temperature and humidity chamber. The red light source can adopt an LED plant growth lamp, and select a lamp tube or lamp panel with an emission peak at a wavelength of 660 nm. The coated seeds can be stored in a breathable mesh bag or a plastic box.

[0041] First, dissolve chitosan in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid aqueous solution to prepare a 0.15% (w / v) chitosan solution. Add gibberellin to this solution to a final concentration of 60 ppm. Place the mixture in an ultrasonic cleaner at 50 kHz and ultrasonically disperse for 20 minutes. Next, add nano-montmorillonite sheet powder at a selected ratio (e.g., 18% of the chitosan mass) and mix thoroughly. Adjust the pH of the mixture to the target value (e.g., 5.8) using a dilute alkaline solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide solution) or a dilute acid solution. This mixture is the composite coating solution.

[0042] Place the recycled Astragalus membranaceus seeds into the hopper of the fluidized bed coating machine. Start the fluidized bed to bring the seeds into a stable fluidized state. Turn on the spraying system and evenly spray the prepared composite coating solution onto the fluidized and tumbling seed surface, continuing spraying until the seed weight increases to the target value (e.g., 3.0%). During or after spraying, introduce hot air at the set temperature (e.g., 40-50℃) for preliminary drying. After coating, the seeds can be cured in the fluidized bed or transferred to a constant temperature and humidity chamber (e.g., 30℃, 60% humidity) for a period of time (e.g., 2-4 hours).

[0043] After curing, the coated seeds were evenly spread in a tray and placed under an LED light source emitting 660 nm red light. The height of the light source was adjusted so that the light intensity on the seed surface reached 20 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 The seeds are continuously irradiated for 24 hours. After irradiation, the seeds are ready for sowing or storage.

[0044] 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area to maintain its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy. Maintaining its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy means maintaining the growth of Artemisia annua in the second planting zone until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus plant population reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met, it is considered that the plants have closed the canopy. The method for measuring the canopy coverage of ≥70% is as follows: Five representative sampling points are randomly selected within the target Astragalus membranaceus zone. A square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm is placed at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground. The proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus membranaceus plants in the frame is recorded to the total area of ​​the frame. The average of the proportions of the five sampling points is calculated. If the average is ≥70%, the canopy coverage requirement is met.

[0045] Preferably, after the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the point of canopy closure, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground. During the subsequent growth period of *Astragalus membranaceus*, when the height of the new shoots of *Artemisia annua* plants exceeds 20% of the average height of *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in the adjacent strip, the aforementioned topping pruning operation is repeated until *Astragalus membranaceus* is harvested; Within 24 hours of each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned branches and leaves, as well as the residue from Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm. The topping pruning height can be 30 cm, 40 cm, or 50 cm from the ground. The condition for triggering repeated pruning can be: the height of new Artemisia annua shoots exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus membranaceus plants in the adjacent Astragalus membranaceus zone. The thickness of the residue can be controlled at 3 cm, 4 cm, or 5 cm. Topping pruning can be performed using manual hedge trimmers, electric hedge trimmers, or a small gasoline-powered hedge trimmer. The height of new Artemisia annua shoots and Astragalus membranaceus plants can be measured using a measuring tape or height gauge. The pruned branches, leaves, and Astragalus membranaceus residue can be collected using a rake, broom, or small collection machinery. The residue can be spread evenly by hand. When the height of the Astragalus membranaceus plant population reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70% (measured using the average value obtained by the method described above), the canopy is considered closed. At this point, using pruning tools (such as hedge trimmers), all the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plants in the second planting strip (Artemisia annua strip) are horizontally cut off at a selected height (e.g., 40 cm).

[0046] During the subsequent growth of *Astragalus membranaceus* (such as during the stem-ejection and flowering stages), the height of newly sprouted branches of the *Artemisia annua* plants should be observed and measured regularly (e.g., every 2-3 weeks) and compared with the average height of *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in adjacent zones. If the height of the new *Artemisia annua* branches exceeds 20% of the average height of the *Astragalus membranaceus* (e.g., if the average height of the *Astragalus membranaceus* is 50 cm, and the new *Artemisia annua* branches exceed 60 cm), pruning tools should be used to prune the branches again at the same or similar height (e.g., 40 cm). This pruning operation should be repeated until the final harvest of *Astragalus membranaceus*.

[0047] Within 24 hours of each pruning operation of Artemisia annua, collect all the pruned Artemisia annua branches and leaves, along with fallen leaves, diseased and weak branches, and other debris from the Astragalus membranaceus plants cleared from the field. Spread these materials evenly on the bare ground between the first planting zone (Astragalus membranaceus zone) and the second planting zone (Artemisia annua zone), ensuring the thickness is within the selected range (e.g., ≤5 cm).

[0048] Preferably, during the initial flowering stage of *Astragalus membranaceus*, the following steps are performed within the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches 40-50 cm deep along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagusintraradices The compound microbial inoculum solution is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable count in the compound microbial inoculum solution is ≥5×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial culture carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass-volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0049] Preferably, after harvesting Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection zone, and the Artemisia annua is heavily pruned to retain the main stem height of 60-80 cm.

[0050] Preferably, in the second year after the harvest of Astragalus membranaceus, crop rotation is carried out according to the following steps: Dig a root severance trench 60-80 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide at the junction of the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A physical isolation layer is formed by filling the root pruning trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2. Move the new planting strip horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings.

[0051] Preferably, in the process of pruning Artemisia annua, the pruned branches and leaves are further processed through the following steps: Young branches with a diameter ≤0.5cm should be cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter >0.5cm should be crushed to 20-30 mesh. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U:10. 8 The CFUs were mixed in a specific ratio and fermented in three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen purging, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide purging to create an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air purging, oxygen concentration 8±1%. The fermentation products are dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

[0052] This invention optimizes field space layout and water and fertilizer supply by precisely setting bandwidth ratios and matching them with an efficient drip irrigation system. This helps promote root development and water and nutrient absorption of the target crop (Astragalus membranaceus), while also utilizing the ecological functions of the associated plant (Artemisia annua).

[0053] Treating Astragalus seeds with a specially formulated compound coating solution and red light irradiation helps improve seed vigor, uniformity, and seedling resistance, laying a good foundation for later growth.

[0054] Strict management of Artemisia annua top pruning combined with residue mulching effectively regulated the growth of Artemisia annua, preventing it from causing excessive shading and nutrient competition for Astragalus membranaceus. At the same time, using pruning residue for on-site mulching and returning it to the field helps improve the soil microenvironment between rows, suppress weeds, and gradually increase the soil organic matter content.

[0055] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided for further illustration: Example 1 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strip) and second planting strips (Artemisia annua strip) in the target field, with a strip width ratio of 2.5:1; 2) The first planting zone was directly sown with uncoated Astragalus membranaceus seeds, and the second planting zone was directly sown with Artemisia annua seeds; 3) Maintain the growth of Artemisia annua until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus population reaches 45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. The method for measuring the canopy coverage of ≥70% is as follows: randomly select 5 representative sampling points within the target Astragalus membranaceus zone, and place a square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground; record the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus membranaceus plant within the frame to the total area of ​​the frame; calculate the average of the proportions of the 5 sampling points, and the average value of ≥70% is sufficient to meet the canopy coverage requirement.

[0056] Example 2 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strip) and second planting strips (Artemisia annua strip) in the target field, with a strip width ratio of 2.5:1; 2) The first planting zone is directly sown with coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds, and the second planting zone is directly sown with Artemisia argyi seeds; Seed treatment: Astragalus seeds were soaked at 4℃ for 24 hours + 15℃ for 12 hours, repeated 4 times → compound coating (0.15% chitosan + 60ppm gibberellin + 20% nano-montmorillonite by weight of chitosan, pH 5.8) → fluidized bed treatment resulted in a 3.0% weight gain → 660nm red light (20μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) × 24h; Drip irrigation: Lay a drip irrigation tape 20cm below the Astragalus membranaceus strip (drip distance 30cm), and inject 5g / L potassium humate (0.6L / (h·m)) for the first irrigation. Artemisia annua management: After the canopy closes, prune the Artemisia annua to a height of 40cm. When the new shoots are 20% taller than the Astragalus membranaceus, prune again. Spread the pruning material and Astragalus membranaceus residue (thickness ≤ 5cm). 3) Maintain the growth of Artemisia annua until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus population reaches 45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. The method for measuring the canopy coverage of ≥70% is as follows: randomly select 5 representative sampling points within the target Astragalus membranaceus zone, and place a square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground; record the proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the Astragalus membranaceus plant within the frame to the total area of ​​the frame; calculate the average of the proportions of the 5 sampling points, and the average value of ≥70% is sufficient to meet the canopy coverage requirement.

[0057] Example 3 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting strips on the target field, wherein the first planting strip is the Astragalus membranaceus strip and the second planting strip is the Artemisia annua strip; lay a drip irrigation strip 20cm below the first planting strip with drip holes spaced 30cm apart, and inject a 5g / L potassium humate solution simultaneously during the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m).

[0058] 2) Sow seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sow seeds of *Artemisia annua* or transplant seedlings of *Artemisia annua* in the second planting zone; the methods for sowing seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus membranaceus zone include: The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in an environment of 4℃, then soaked, and the cycle was repeated. After the last cycle, the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were coated. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and reached the one-leaf-one-heart stage. If seedling transplanting is used, first sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into transplanting pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. The transplanting pots are filled with a cultivation substrate composed of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. Sow one Astragalus membranaceus seed in each transplanting pot. A biodegradable film tube is also placed between the cultivation substrate and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplanting pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings together in the biodegradable film tube into the planting holes of the first planting zone.

[0059] The process of coating the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, it was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 kHz for 20 min. Nano-montmorillonite sheets were then incorporated into the solution to form a composite coating solution, wherein the chitosan (w / v) ratio was 0.15% and the gibberellin concentration was 60 ppm. Seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus, dried with hot air, and then solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light at a wavelength of 660 nm and a light intensity of 20 μmol·m⁻¹ for 24 hours. -2 ·s -1 .

[0060] 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area to maintain its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants cover the canopy.

[0061] After the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the point of canopy closure, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone should be pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant by cutting off the top; During the subsequent growth period of *Astragalus membranaceus*, when the height of the new shoots of *Artemisia annua* plants exceeds 20% of the average height of *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in the adjacent strip, the aforementioned topping pruning operation is repeated until *Astragalus membranaceus* is harvested; Within 24 hours after each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia annua and the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0062] During the initial flowering stage of Astragalus membranaceus, proceed with the following steps within the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagusintraradices The composition of the complex microbial inoculum solution; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0063] After harvesting Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection zone, and the Artemisia annua are heavily pruned to retain the main stem height and adjusted.

[0064] The herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus can be removed. In the second year after harvesting the herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus, follow these steps for crop rotation: Dig root-cutting trenches along the boundary between the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2 is filled into the root pruning trench to form a physical isolation layer; The new planting area was moved horizontally along the original direction, and seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were sown or its seedlings were transplanted.

[0065] During the topping and pruning of Artemisia annua, the pruned branches and leaves will be processed in the following steps: Cut tender branches into sections m in diameter, and crush branches with a diameter > 0.5 cm. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U:10. 8 The CFUs are mixed in a specific ratio and fermented; the fermentation product is dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

[0066] The specific steps are as follows: Planting strip setup: Alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strip) and second planting strips (Artemisia annua strip) were set up in the target field, with a strip width ratio of 2.0:1.

[0067] Sowing / Transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: Place the seeds in a 4℃ environment for 24 hours, then transfer them to a 15℃ environment for 12 hours. Repeat this cycle 3.5 times (rounded down to 4 times). Coating after the last cycle (composite coating solution: chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60ppm + nano-montmorillonite 17.5% (rounded to 18%), chitosan mass, pH 5.8). Fluidized bed spraying resulted in a 3.0% increase in seed weight. After drying and solidification, the seeds were exposed to 660nm red light (20μmol·m⁻¹). -2 ·s -1 Irradiate for 24 hours.

[0068] Transplanting: Sow in transplanting pots (substrate volume ratio of peat moss: perlite: vermiculite = 4:3:3 + biodegradable membrane tube); Transplant the seedlings with the film tube at the one-leaf-one-heart stage to the first planting zone.

[0069] Artemisia annua live broadcast: Artemisia annua seeds are simultaneously broadcast live in the second planting zone.

[0070] Drip irrigation management: Lay drip irrigation tape 20cm below the first planting strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the initial irrigation, a 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0071] Canopy closure determination and management of Artemisia annua: The *Artemisia annua* population was maintained until it reached a height of 40 cm and a canopy coverage of ≥70%. The method for measuring canopy coverage of ≥70% was as follows: Five representative sampling points were randomly selected within the target *Astragalus* zone. A square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm was placed at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground. The proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the *Astragalus annua* plant within the frame was recorded as a percentage of the total area of ​​the frame. The average of the proportions of the five sampling points was calculated. If the average value was ≥70%, the canopy coverage requirement was met. After the ridges are closed, prune the tops of the Artemisia annua to a height of 40 cm. During the subsequent growth period, when the height of the new shoots of Artemisia annua exceeds the height of the adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%, pruning should be repeated. Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia argyi branches and leaves and Astragalus membranaceus residue and spread them on the ground between the strips, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0072] Fertilizing during flowering: During the initial flowering period, dig vertical fertilization trenches 45 cm deep along the planting rows; Injecting a compound microbial inoculum (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / mL, carrier is 1.75% (rounded to 1.8%) humic acid solution), injection volume is 155 mL per meter trench length; Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0073] Waste recycling: Cut tender branches of Artemisia annua (diameter ≤ 0.5cm) into 2.5cm sections (round them to 3cm), and crush coarse branches to 25 mesh; Mix with Astragalus membranaceus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Added compound enzyme preparation (cellulase:xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10). 8 CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: Temperature 45.0℃, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 25%). 24-48 hours: Temperature 37.0℃, carbon dioxide (oxygen-free); 48-72 hours: Temperature 42.0℃, air circulation (oxygen concentration 8%). The fermentation products are dried to obtain bio-fertilizer.

[0074] Post-harvest management: After harvesting the sweet-scented Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua strip is retained and heavily pruned to a height of 70 cm, and then converted into an ecological protection belt.

[0075] Rotational updates: The following year, a root severance trench 70 cm deep and 25 cm wide was dug along the boundary between the belts; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and well-rotted straw at a volume ratio of 1:2. The new planting strip should be moved 12.5cm (rounded down to 12cm) horizontally along the original direction, and then re-sowed or transplanted.

[0076] Example 4 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting strips on the target field, wherein the first planting strip is the Astragalus membranaceus strip and the second planting strip is the Artemisia annua strip; lay a drip irrigation strip 20cm below the first planting strip with drip holes spaced 30cm apart, and inject a 5g / L potassium humate solution simultaneously during the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m).

[0077] 2) Sow seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sow seeds of *Artemisia annua* or transplant seedlings of *Artemisia annua* in the second planting zone; the methods for sowing seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus membranaceus zone include: The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in an environment of 4℃, then soaked, and the cycle was repeated. After the last cycle, the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were coated. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and grew to the stage of one leaf and one heart. If seedling transplanting is used, first sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into transplanting pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. The transplanting pots are filled with a cultivation substrate composed of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. Sow one Astragalus membranaceus seed in each transplanting pot. A biodegradable film tube is also placed between the cultivation substrate and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplanting pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings together in the biodegradable film tube into the planting holes of the first planting zone.

[0078] The process of coating the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, it was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 kHz for 20 min. Nano-montmorillonite sheets were then incorporated into the solution to form a composite coating solution, wherein the chitosan (w / v) ratio was 0.15% and the gibberellin concentration was 60 ppm. Seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus, dried with hot air, and then solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light at a wavelength of 660 nm and a light intensity of 20 μmol·m⁻¹ for 24 hours. -2 ·s-1 .

[0079] 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area to maintain its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants cover the canopy.

[0080] After the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the point of canopy closure, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone should be pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant by cutting off the top; During the subsequent growth period of *Astragalus membranaceus*, when the height of the new shoots of the *Artemisia annua* plants exceeds 20% of the average height of the *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in the adjacent *Astragalus membranaceus* strip, the aforementioned topping pruning operation is repeated until the *Astragalus membranaceus* is harvested; Within 24 hours after each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia annua and the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0081] During the initial flowering stage of Astragalus membranaceus, proceed with the following steps within the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagusintraradices The composition of the complex microbial inoculum solution; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0082] After harvesting Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection zone, and the Artemisia annua are heavily pruned to retain the main stem height and adjusted.

[0083] The herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus can be removed. In the second year after harvesting the herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus, follow these steps for crop rotation: Dig root-cutting trenches along the boundary between the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A physical isolation layer is formed by filling the root pruning trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2. The new planting area was moved horizontally along the original direction, and seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were sown or its seedlings were transplanted.

[0084] During the topping and pruning of Artemisia annua, the pruned branches and leaves will be processed in the following steps: Cut tender branches into sections m in diameter, and crush branches with a diameter > 0.5 cm. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U:10. 8The CFUs are mixed in a specific ratio and fermented; the fermentation product is dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

[0085] The specific steps are as follows: Planting strip setup: Alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strip) and second planting strips (Artemisia annua strip) were set up in the target field, with a strip width ratio of 1.5:1.

[0086] Sowing / Transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: Place the seeds in an environment of 4℃ for 12 hours, then transfer them to 13℃ for 12 hours, and repeat 3 cycles. Coating after the last cycle (composite coating solution: chitosan 0.15% + gibberellin 60ppm + nano-montmorillonite 15% by weight of chitosan, pH 5.6); Fluidized bed spraying resulted in a 2.5% increase in seed weight. After drying and solidification, the seeds were exposed to 660nm red light (20μmol·m⁻¹). -2 ·s -1 Irradiate for 24 hours.

[0087] Live broadcast: Coated seeds are directly sown in the first planting zone, covered with black shade netting until the seed bud stage; Artemisia annua live broadcast: Artemisia annua seeds are simultaneously broadcast live in the second planting zone.

[0088] Drip irrigation management: Lay drip irrigation tape 20cm below the first planting strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the initial irrigation, a 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0089] Canopy closure determination and management of Artemisia annua: The *Artemisia annua* population was maintained until it reached a height of 35 cm and a canopy coverage of ≥70%. The method for measuring canopy coverage of ≥70% was as follows: Five representative sampling points were randomly selected within the target *Astragalus* zone. A square frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm was placed at each sampling point, with the frame close to the ground. The proportion of the soil area covered by the vertical projection of the above-ground part of the *Astragalus annua* plant within the frame was recorded as a percentage of the total area of ​​the frame. The average of the proportions of the five sampling points was calculated. If the average value was ≥70%, the canopy coverage requirement was met. After the ridges are closed, the tops of the Artemisia annua are trimmed to a height of 30 cm. During the subsequent growth period, when the height of the new shoots of Artemisia annua exceeds the height of the adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%, pruning should be repeated. Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia argyi branches and leaves and Astragalus membranaceus residue and spread them on the ground between the strips, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0090] Fertilizing during flowering: During the initial flowering period, dig vertical fertilization trenches 40 cm deep along the planting rows; Injecting a compound microbial inoculum (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / mL, with a carrier of 1.5% humic acid solution), 120 mL is injected per meter of trench length; Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0091] Waste recycling: Cut tender branches of Artemisia annua (diameter ≤ 0.5cm) into 2cm sections, and crush coarse branches to 20 mesh; Mix with Astragalus membranaceus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Added compound enzyme preparation (cellulase:xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10). 8 CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: Temperature 44.5℃, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 23%). 24-48 hours: Temperature 36.5℃, carbon dioxide (oxygen-free); 48-72 hours: Temperature 41.5℃, ventilated (oxygen concentration 7%). The fermentation products are dried to obtain bio-fertilizer.

[0092] Post-harvest management: After harvesting the sweet-scented Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua strip is retained and heavily pruned to a height of 60 cm, and then converted into an ecological protection belt.

[0093] Rotational updates: The following year, a root severance trench 60 cm deep and 20 cm wide was dug along the boundary between the belts; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and well-rotted straw at a volume ratio of 1:2. The new planting strip should be moved 10 centimeters horizontally along the original direction, and then re-sowed or transplanted.

[0094] Example 5 A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting strips on the target field, wherein the first planting strip is the Astragalus membranaceus strip and the second planting strip is the Artemisia annua strip; lay a drip irrigation strip 20cm below the first planting strip with drip holes spaced 30cm apart, and inject a 5g / L potassium humate solution simultaneously during the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m).

[0095] 2) Sow seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; simultaneously sow seeds of *Artemisia annua* or transplant seedlings of *Artemisia annua* in the second planting zone; the methods for sowing seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* or transplanting its seedlings in the Astragalus membranaceus zone include: The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were placed in an environment of 4℃, then soaked, and the cycle was repeated. After the last cycle, the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were coated. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and reached the one-leaf-one-heart stage. If seedling transplanting is used, first sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into transplanting pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. The transplanting pots are filled with a cultivation substrate composed of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:3. Sow one Astragalus membranaceus seed in each transplanting pot. A biodegradable film tube is also placed between the cultivation substrate and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplanting pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings together in the biodegradable film tube into the planting holes of the first planting zone.

[0096] The process of coating the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus includes the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid solution, and after adding gibberellin, it was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 kHz for 20 min. Nano-montmorillonite sheets were then incorporated into the solution to form a composite coating solution, wherein the chitosan (w / v) ratio was 0.15% and the gibberellin concentration was 60 ppm. Seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus, dried with hot air, and then solidified. The coated seeds were then irradiated with red light at a wavelength of 660 nm and a light intensity of 20 μmol·m⁻¹ for 24 hours. -2 ·s -1 .

[0097] 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area to maintain its growth until the Astragalus membranaceus plants cover the canopy.

[0098] After the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the point of canopy closure, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone should be pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant by cutting off the top; During the subsequent growth period of *Astragalus membranaceus*, when the height of the new shoots of *Artemisia annua* plants exceeds 20% of the average height of *Astragalus membranaceus* plants in the adjacent strip, the aforementioned topping pruning operation is repeated until *Astragalus membranaceus* is harvested; Within 24 hours after each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned branches and leaves of Artemisia annua and the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0099] During the initial flowering stage of Astragalus membranaceus, proceed with the following steps within the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagusintraradices The composition of the complex microbial inoculum solution; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0100] After harvesting Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection zone, and the Artemisia annua are heavily pruned to retain the main stem height and adjusted.

[0101] The herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus can be removed. In the second year after harvesting the herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus, follow these steps for crop rotation: Dig root-cutting trenches along the boundary between the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A physical isolation layer is formed by filling the root pruning trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:2. The new planting area was moved horizontally along the original direction, and seeds of Astragalus membranaceus were sown or its seedlings were transplanted.

[0102] During the topping and pruning of Artemisia annua, the pruned branches and leaves will be processed in the following steps: Cut tender branches into sections m in diameter, and crush branches with a diameter > 0.5 cm. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U: 10. 8 The CFUs are mixed in a specific ratio and fermented; the fermentation product is dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

[0103] The specific steps are as follows: Planting strip setup: Alternating first planting strips (Astragalus membranaceus strip) and second planting strips (Artemisia annua strip) were set up in the target field, with a strip width ratio of 2.5:1.

[0104] Sowing / Transplanting: Astragalus seed treatment: Place the seeds in an environment of 4℃ for 36 hours, then transfer them to 17℃ for 12 hours, and repeat the cycle 4 times. Coating after the last cycle (composite coating solution: 0.15% chitosan + 60ppm gibberellin + 20% nano-montmorillonite by weight of chitosan, pH 6.0); Fluidized bed spraying resulted in a 3.5% increase in seed weight. After drying and solidification, the seeds were exposed to 660nm red light (20μmol·m⁻¹). -2 ·s -1 Irradiate for 24 hours.

[0105] Transplanting: Sow in transplanting pots (substrate volume ratio of peat moss: perlite: vermiculite = 4:3:3 + biodegradable membrane tube); Transplant the seedlings with the film tube at the one-leaf-one-heart stage to the first planting zone.

[0106] Artemisia annua live broadcast: Artemisia annua seeds are simultaneously broadcast live in the second planting zone.

[0107] Drip irrigation management: Lay drip irrigation tape 20cm below the first planting strip (drip hole spacing 30cm); During the initial irrigation, a 5 g / L potassium humate solution was injected simultaneously at a flow rate of 0.6 L / (h·m).

[0108] Canopy closure determination and management of Artemisia annua: Maintain the growth of Artemisia annua until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus population reaches 45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%; After the ridges are closed, prune the tops of the Artemisia annua to a height of 50 cm. During the subsequent growth period, when the height of the new shoots of Artemisia annua exceeds the height of the adjacent Astragalus membranaceus plants by 20%, pruning should be repeated. Within 24 hours after each pruning, collect Artemisia argyi branches and leaves and Astragalus membranaceus residue and spread them on the ground between the strips, with a thickness of ≤5 cm.

[0109] Fertilizing during flowering: During the initial flowering period, dig vertical fertilization trenches 50 cm deep along the planting rows; Injecting a compound microbial inoculum (phosphate-solubilizing bacteria + arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ≥ 5 × 10⁻⁶) 8 CFU / mL (carrier is 2.0% humic acid solution), injection volume is 190 mL per meter trench length; Backfill the soil and compact it.

[0110] Waste recycling: Cut tender branches of Artemisia annua (diameter ≤ 0.5cm) into 3cm sections, and crush coarse branches to 30 mesh; Mix with Astragalus membranaceus residue at a dry weight ratio of 1:2; Added compound enzyme preparation (cellulase:xylanase = 3:1) and Lactobacillus plantarum (enzyme activity: bacterial count = 100U:10). 8CFU); Three-stage fermentation: 0-24 hours: Temperature 45.5℃, pure oxygen (oxygen concentration 27%). 24-48 hours: Temperature 37.5℃, carbon dioxide (oxygen-free); 48-72 hours: Temperature 42.5℃, ventilated (oxygen concentration 9%). The fermentation products are dried to obtain bio-fertilizer.

[0111] Post-harvest management: After harvesting the sweet-scented Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua strip is retained and heavily pruned to a height of 80 cm, and then converted into an ecological protection belt.

[0112] Rotational updates: The following year, a root severance trench 80 cm deep and 30 cm wide was dug along the junction of the belts; The trench is filled with a mixture of vermiculite and well-rotted straw at a volume ratio of 1:2. The new planting strip should be moved 15 centimeters horizontally along the original direction, and then re-sowed or transplanted.

[0113] Comparative Example 1 (Traditional Single-Case Control) A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, comprising: Adopting a single herbaceous Astragalus membranaceus planting model: Prepare the field and sow Astragalus membranaceus (seeds untreated) evenly. Conventional irrigation (surface flooding), basal application of compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15-15-15) 600 kg / ha; No companion plants are allowed; weeds are removed manually.

[0114] Effect verification 1. Experimental Design Treatment group: Comparative Example 1, Examples 1 to 5 Replication: 4 randomized blocks, each cell area 30m² 2 (6m×5m) Cycle: 2 years. In Examples 3, 4, and 5, after harvesting Astragalus membranaceus in the first year, it was replanted in the second year according to its respective methods. In Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Example 1, the replanting was carried out annually according to its respective methods. Specifically, in Examples 1 and 2, after harvesting Astragalus membranaceus in the first year, the Astragalus membranaceus plants and Artemisia argyi plants were cut down.

[0115] The average yield was taken, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0116] Table 1 Production Example 1 266 261 Example 2 293 301 Example 3 346 360 Example 4 296 260 Example 5 330 322 Comparative Example 1 218 215 Comparative Example 1, using a traditional monoculture model, lacked ecological barriers. Early soil exposure led to soil erosion and competition with weeds, inhibiting seedling growth and slowing population development, making it difficult to establish a high-yield foundation. Example 1, through the use of Artemisia annua-Astragalus membranaceus strip planting, provided early windbreak and weed suppression, improved the microenvironment, promoted canopy closure by Astragalus membranaceus, and increased yield over time. Example 2, through optimized seed treatment or seedling transplanting methods for Astragalus membranaceus, specific seed coating formulas and treatment processes, precise provision of water and nutrients in the early stages of Astragalus membranaceus planting, promotion of early root development, and management of the accompanying Artemisia annua strip to prevent its excessive growth and shading of Astragalus membranaceus, further increased yield. Both Examples 1 and 2 removed the Artemisia annua strip in the first year, ensuring yield but increasing production costs. Examples 3-5 balanced resource allocation; combined with three-stage fermented bio-fertilizer and crop rotation with root pruning and isolation, synergistically optimized the soil microecology to achieve sustained yield increases.

[0117] Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be applied to various fields suitable for the embodiments of the present invention. Other modifications can be readily implemented by those skilled in the art. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the specific details.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Set up alternating first and second planting zones on the target field, wherein the first planting zone is a strip of Astragalus membranaceus and the second planting zone is a strip of Artemisia argyi, and the width ratio of the Astragalus membranaceus strip to the Artemisia argyi strip is 1.5-2.5:1; 2) Sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings in the first planting zone; at the same time, sow seeds of Artemisia annua or transplant Artemisia annua seedlings in the second planting zone; 3) The Artemisia annua in the second planting zone is retained as a non-harvesting area and its growth status is maintained until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy. Maintaining its growth status until the Astragalus membranaceus plants close the canopy means maintaining the growth status of Artemisia annua in the second planting zone until the height of the Astragalus membranaceus plant population reaches 35-45 cm and the canopy coverage is ≥70%. When both conditions are met, it is considered that the plants have closed the canopy. After the Astragalus membranaceus plants have reached the point of canopy closure, the Artemisia annua in the second planting zone should be pruned and managed, specifically as follows: Prune the above-ground parts of the Artemisia annua plant at a height of 30-50 cm from the ground. During the subsequent growth period of Astragalus membranaceus, when the height of the new shoots of Artemisia annua plants exceeds 20% of the average height of Astragalus plants in the adjacent Astragalus strip, the topping pruning operation is repeated until Astragalus membranaceus is harvested. Within 24 hours after each topping pruning of Artemisia annua, collect the pruned Artemisia annua branches and leaves and the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants, and spread them evenly on the ground between the first and second planting zones, with a thickness of ≤5 cm. After harvesting Astragalus membranaceus, the Artemisia annua plants are retained and converted into an ecological protection zone. The Artemisia annua is then heavily pruned to retain the main stem height of 60-80 cm.

2. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Methods for sowing Astragalus membranaceus seeds or transplanting its seedlings on Astragalus membranaceus belts include: Place the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus at 4℃ for 12-36 hours, then soak them at 13-17℃ for 12 hours. Repeat this process 3-4 times. After the last cycle, coat the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus. The coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds were directly sown in the first planting zone. After sowing, a black shade net was placed over the seedbed and kept covered until the seedlings emerged and reached the one-leaf-one-heart stage. If seedling transplanting is used, first sow the coated Astragalus membranaceus seeds into transplanting pots. When the seedlings grow to the one-leaf-one-heart stage, transplant them to the first planting zone. The transplanting pots are filled with a cultivation substrate composed of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 4:3:

3. Sow one Astragalus membranaceus seed in each transplanting pot. A biodegradable film tube is also placed between the cultivation substrate and the transplanting pot. When transplanting is needed, remove the transplanting pot and transplant the cultivation substrate and seedlings together in the biodegradable film tube into the planting holes of the first planting zone.

3. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The seeds of Astragalus membranaceus are coated, including the following steps: Chitosan was dissolved in a 0.5% (w / v) citric acid solution. After adding gibberellin, the solution was ultrasonically dispersed at 50 kHz for 20 min. 50-100 nm nano-montmorillonite sheets were added to the solution at a dosage of 15-20% of the chitosan mass. The pH of the system was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.2 to form a composite coating solution, in which the chitosan mass-volume ratio was 0.15% and the gibberellin concentration was 60 ppm. Seeds of *Astragalus membranaceus* were placed in a fluidized bed apparatus and sprayed with a composite coating solution until the seed weight increased by 3.0 ± 0.5%. After hot air drying, the seeds were solidified and then irradiated under 660 nm red light (20 μmol·m²) for 24 hours. -2 ·s -1 .

4. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Lay a drip irrigation tape 20cm below the first planting strip with a drip hole spacing of 30cm. Simultaneously inject a 5g / L potassium humate solution during the first irrigation at a flow rate of 0.6L / (h·m).

5. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the initial flowering stage of Astragalus membranaceus, proceed with the following steps within the first planting zone: a) Dig vertical fertilization trenches 40-50 cm deep along the planting rows of Astragalus membranaceus; b) Inject phosphate-solubilizing bacteria into the fertilization trench. Pseudomonas fluorescens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Rhizophagus intraradices The compound microbial inoculum solution is injected at a rate of 120-190 ml per meter of trench length, wherein the effective viable count in the compound microbial inoculum solution is ≥5×10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / mL, the bacterial culture carrier is a humic acid solution with a mass-volume concentration of 1.5-2.0%; c) Backfill the soil and compact it.

6. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the year following the harvest of Astragalus membranaceus, follow these steps for crop rotation: Dig a root severance trench 60-80 cm deep and 20-30 cm wide at the junction of the second planting zone and the first planting zone; A physical isolation layer is formed by filling the root pruning trench with a mixture of vermiculite and decomposed straw in a volume ratio of 1:

2. Move the new planting strip horizontally 10-15 cm along the original direction and sow seeds of Astragalus membranaceus or transplant its seedlings.

7. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the topping and pruning of Artemisia annua, the pruned branches and leaves will be processed in the following steps: Young branches with a diameter ≤0.5cm should be cut into 2-3cm segments, and branches with a diameter >0.5cm should be crushed to 20-30 mesh. The graded materials were mixed with the residue of Astragalus membranaceus plants at a dry weight ratio of 1:

2. A compound enzyme preparation consisting of cellulase and xylanase in a mass ratio of 3:1 and Lactobacillus plantarum were added. Lactobacillus plantarum The ratio of enzyme activity units to bacterial count is 100U:

10. 8 The CFUs were mixed in a specific ratio and fermented in three stages: 0-24 hours: temperature 45±0.5℃, pure oxygen purging, oxygen concentration 25±2%; 24-48 hours: temperature 37±0.5℃, carbon dioxide purging to create an anaerobic environment; 48-72 hours: temperature 42±0.5℃, air purging, oxygen concentration 8±1%. The fermentation products are dried and used as a special bio-fertilizer for Astragalus membranaceus the following year.

8. The cultivation method for increasing the yield of Astragalus membranaceus as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the method for measuring the canopy coverage ≥70% is as follows: randomly select 5 representative sample points within the target Astragalus membranaceus zone, and place a square sample frame with an area of ​​50 cm × 50 cm at each sample point, with the sample frame close to the ground; Record the proportion of soil area covered by the vertical projection of the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus plant within the sample frame to the total area of ​​the sample frame; calculate the average of the proportions of 5 sample points, and the average value ≥ 70% meets the canopy coverage requirement.