Mining method using a rear mounted gathering head

Abstract

The application discloses a mining method of a mining vehicle using a rear-mounted collecting head, and comprises the following steps: setting the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by a mud pump within time t; setting the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump; determining the volume of the undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t according to the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump; determining the volume of the undisturbed soil collected by the collecting head according to the digging depth of the collecting head, the width of the collecting head, the advancing speed of the collecting head and time t; diluting the undisturbed soil collected by the collecting head to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump by introducing water into the water body through a water pump; and determining the relationship between the depth collected by the collecting head and the advancing speed of the collecting head according to the mass conservation method, the volume of the undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the volume of the undisturbed soil collected by the collecting head within time t. The method solves the problem of poor performance matching of the mining vehicle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of deep-sea mining technology, and in particular to a mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Deep-sea mining vehicles play an indispensable role in deep-sea mineral extraction, forming a crucial link in the process. Performance matching is key to the development of deep-sea mining vehicles. However, existing deep-sea mining vehicles suffer from poor matching performance, resulting in low extraction efficiency and susceptibility to mechanical failures. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of poor performance matching of mining vehicles in the prior art and to provide a mining method using a mining vehicle with a rear-mounted acquisition head.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle includes the following steps:

[0006] Set the volume of mixture that the mud pump is to absorb within time t;

[0007] Set the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump;

[0008] The volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t is determined based on the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump.

[0009] The volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head within the time t is determined based on the digging depth, width, and travel speed of the sampling head.

[0010] The undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is diluted to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump by introducing water into the water body.

[0011] The relationship between the sampling depth and the traveling speed of the sampling head is determined based on the mass conservation method, the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump during the specified time t, and the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head during the specified time t.

[0012] Preferably, the expression for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within the time t is:

[0013] Vy=ρV b ,

[0014] In the formula, Vy is the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within the time t, ρ is the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and V b The volume of mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t is given.

[0015] Preferably, the formula for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is:

[0016] V S =H·w in ·v·t,

[0017] In the formula, V S H is the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head, and w is the excavation depth of the sampling head. in Let v be the width of the acquisition head, v be the travel speed of the acquisition head, and t be the travel time of the acquisition head.

[0018] Preferably, the water introduced by the water pump is seawater or a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater.

[0019] Preferably, when the water introduced by the water pump is a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater, the relationship between the digging depth of the sampling head and the traveling speed of the sampling head is expressed by the following expression:

[0020]

[0021] In the formula, c is the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and V b Let H be the volume of mixture that the mud pump needs to absorb within time t, and let H be the digging depth of the collection head. in V is the width of the acquisition head, v is the traveling speed of the acquisition head, and t is the traveling time of the acquisition head. t Let k be the volume of water introduced by the water pump, and k be the volume concentration of the mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater.

[0022] Preferably, the expression for the volume concentration k is:

[0023]

[0024] Preferably, the mining method further includes using a first measuring device to measure the flow rate of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump per unit time.

[0025] Preferably, the mining method further includes using a second measuring device to measure the flow rate of the water introduced by the water pump per unit time.

[0026] Preferably, the first measuring device and the second measuring device are flow meters.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] This invention sets the volume of mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t; sets the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump; determines the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t based on the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump; determines the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the collection head based on the digging depth, width, and travel speed of the collection head, and time t; dilutes the undisturbed soil collected by the collection head to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump by introducing water through a water pump; and determines the relationship between the collection depth and travel speed of the collection head based on the mass conservation method, the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t, and the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the collection head within time t. This ensures that the collection depth and travel speed of the collection head are matched, thus improving the matching performance of the mining equipment, achieving the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, increasing mining efficiency, and reducing the mechanical failure rate of the mining equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart illustrating one embodiment of a mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the relationship between the flow rate or volume of the mud pump, the collection head, the priming pump, and the track.

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the volume concentration of the mixture around the track and the speed of the track.

[0032] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the relationship between the sampling depth of the sampling head and the traveling speed of the track under different sampling head widths.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the positional relationship of the mud pump, flow meter, sampling head, water pump, and track;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the mud pump and the priming pump in the mining vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle. The mining equipment includes a mud pump, a water pump, and a mining head, and includes the following steps:

[0037] Set the volume of mixture that the mud pump is to absorb within time t;

[0038] Set the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump;

[0039] The volume of the undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t is determined based on the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump.

[0040] The volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head within time t is determined based on the digging depth, width, and travel speed of the sampling head.

[0041] Water is introduced by a water pump to dilute the undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump.

[0042] Based on the law of conservation of mass, the relationship between the sampling depth and the traveling speed of the sampling head is determined by the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump and the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head within time t.

[0043] In this embodiment, the mining process involves collecting rare earth minerals from the mining area into the mining vehicle. This process involves three stages: the collection head, the collection pipeline, and the mud pump, ultimately reaching the storage compartment inside the mining vehicle. The collected rare earth minerals, after being scraped out by the collection head, are sucked into the collection head's chamber along with surrounding water. From there, they are pumped into the mining vehicle's storage compartment via a connecting pipeline. To ensure efficient operation and a high collection rate, the volume concentration of the mixture sucked into the mud pump needs to be maintained at an optimal value. However, the post-collection volume concentration is difficult to achieve directly. Therefore, adjustments are needed to maintain the optimal volume concentration of the mixture sucked into the mud pump. Since the post-collection volume concentration is often high, the water sucked into the collection head is insufficient to dilute the collected undisturbed soil to the optimal volume concentration. Therefore, a water priming pump is used to introduce water, ensuring that the volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump remains at the optimal value.

[0044] This embodiment determines the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t by setting the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t, setting the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and determining the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t based on the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. It also determines the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the collection head based on the digging depth, width, and travel speed of the collection head, as well as time t. Water is introduced by a water pump to dilute the undisturbed soil collected by the collection head to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. Based on the mass conservation method, the relationship between the collection depth and travel speed of the collection head is determined according to the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the collection head within time t. This ensures that the collection depth and travel speed of the collection head are matched, thus improving the matching performance of the mining equipment, ensuring that the volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump reaches the optimal value, increasing mining efficiency, and reducing the mechanical failure rate of the mining equipment.

[0045] In some embodiments, the expression for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t is as follows:

[0046] Vy=ρV b ,

[0047] In the formula, Vy is the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t, ρ is the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and V b This represents the volume of mixture that the mud pump needs to absorb within time t.

[0048] In some embodiments, the expression for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the acquisition head is:

[0049] V S =H·w in ·v·t,

[0050] In the formula, V S The volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is H, where H is the excavation depth of the sampling head, and w is the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head. in Let v be the width of the acquisition head, v be the travel speed of the acquisition head, and t be the travel time of the acquisition head.

[0051] In some embodiments, the water introduced by the water pump is seawater or a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater. In fact, the seawater here is seawater without dissolved undisturbed soil. Of course, it can also be fresh water, but in actual engineering, it is generally seawater. The undisturbed soil here is the disturbance of the undisturbed soil of the mineral during the movement of the track. The disturbed undisturbed soil will dissolve in the seawater and form a plume that floats on the sea surface.

[0052] In some embodiments, when the water introduced by the pump is a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater, the relationship between the excavation depth of the sampling head and the travel speed of the sampling head is expressed by the following expression:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula, c is the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and V b Let H be the volume of mixture that the mud pump needs to absorb within time t, and let H be the digging depth of the sampling head. in V is the width of the acquisition head, v is the travel speed of the acquisition head, and t is the travel time of the acquisition head. t Let V be the volume of water introduced by the priming pump, and k be the volume concentration of the mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater, i.e., the plume volume concentration. This is essentially the volume concentration of the undisturbed soil plume around the mining vehicle's tracks. Introducing the undisturbed soil plume around the mining vehicle's tracks through the priming pump maintains the volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump at an optimal value, which helps reduce the diffusion of the undisturbed soil plume and mitigate its environmental impact. The undisturbed soil plume is generated because the tracks disturb the surrounding undisturbed soil during the mining vehicle's movement. The amount of plume disturbance is related to various factors such as the characteristics of the mining vehicle body, track characteristics, and travel speed. Let the disturbance amount be V. R Its expression is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Where v is the speed of the mining vehicle, i.e., the speed of the mining head, b is the track width, h is the track tooth height, l is the tooth spacing, w is the overall weight of the mining vehicle, and q is other relevant parameters. The disturbed undisturbed soil will dissolve into the seawater, forming a plume. Under the premise that the mining vehicle's speed v remains constant, the soft bottom remains constant, and the characteristics of the mining vehicle remain constant, the disturbance amount V to the undisturbed soil is... R Normally, the volume concentration k dissolved in seawater remains constant. The expression for the volume concentration k, obtained by fitting empirical values, is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] Combined with the disturbance amount V of the undisturbed soil R expression Then, based on the expression relating the digging depth of the acquisition head to its traveling speed:

[0059]

[0060] Combined with V R=k*Vt. When the volume of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump is constant, several optimal track structural parameters can be determined based on the physical parameters of the bottom sediment in different mining areas and the weight of the vehicle body. These parameters are the track width b and the track tooth height h. The disturbance caused by the track with these optimal structural parameters can be simulated numerically. Therefore, suitable track structural parameters can be selected based on the optimal volume concentration of the mud pump. Because the disturbance of the undisturbed soil is too large, when the water pump draws the disturbed undisturbed soil dissolved in seawater into the collection head, it is insufficient to dilute the undisturbed soil collected by the collection head to the optimal volume concentration ρ of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. Therefore, the corresponding track parameters are not suitable and are discarded. Alternatively, the digging depth H of the collection head and the travel speed v of the track (i.e., the travel speed v of the mining vehicle) can be adjusted in real time based on the optimal mud pump concentration ρ. Through dynamic matching of these two parameters, dynamic collection can be performed in different mining areas, and the volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump can always be maintained at the optimal value. The relationship between the volume, volume, or flow rate of the mud pump, collection head, water pump, and track is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, this can be expressed as an expression:

[0061] V b =Vs+Vw+Vt=Vs+Vw+V R +Vv,

[0062] In the formula, Vv is the volume of water drawn by the track within time t, and Vw is the volume of water entering the collection head within a single time interval.

[0063] In some embodiments, the mining method further includes: using a first measuring device to measure the flow rate of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump per unit time; when the flow rate of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump is measured within a unit time, the volume of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump within time t can be calculated based on the travel time t of the sampling head, for monitoring whether the volume of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump within time t is consistent with the set value; using a second measuring device to measure the flow rate of the water body introduced by the priming pump per unit time; when the flow rate of the mixture absorbed by the priming pump is measured within a unit time, the volume of seawater absorbed by the priming pump within time t or the volume of seawater and undisturbed soil mixture absorbed by the priming pump can be calculated based on the travel time t of the sampling head. The first measuring device and the second measuring device are flow meters, both of which are devices in the mining vehicle.

[0064] In some embodiments, a rare earth mining truck with a production capacity of 10 t / h requires a mud pump capable of extracting 10 tons of rare earth per hour. According to rare earth mineral data, the density of rare earth is typically 1260 kg / m³. 3 That is, the mud pump is required to produce 7.9m³ per hour. 3The rare earth minerals. Based on the physical properties and operating conditions of the rare earth minerals, the optimal concentration for the mud pump is approximately 20%, which yields a total flow rate of 39.5 m³ / h for the mud pump. 3 (of which rare earth minerals account for 7.9m) 3 Water body 31.6m 3 ).

[0065] The structure of the mining vehicle, the design of its tracks, and its travel speed typically affect the disturbance of the surrounding undisturbed soil. Therefore, different designs will produce different disturbance amounts, which are usually constant under the condition that the travel speed and other parameters remain unchanged. Consequently, the concentration of the plume formed by floating in seawater is also relatively fixed. In practical engineering, this can be measured using a concentration meter. Therefore, in this embodiment, the plume concentration k is fitted using an empirical value, as shown in the empirical value graph. Figure 3 As shown, the fitting formula is:

[0066]

[0067] Since the water volume drawn by the priming pump is relatively small, the volume Vt of the water introduced by the priming pump can be measured using a flow meter during process control in actual engineering. The design is based on the ultimate limit state, i.e., 40% of the mixed liquid volume is introduced through the priming pump from the priming window of the mining car. In this embodiment, after conversion, the calculated volume Vt of the water introduced by the priming pump in one hour is 15.8 m³. 3 .

[0068] According to the equation This allows you to draw the width w of different acquisition heads. in Images showing the digging depth H of the lower acquisition head versus the travel speed v of the mining vehicle, as shown... Figure 4 As shown, these are w in The Hv curves are shown for widths of 0.5m, 1m, and 1.5m. During the design process, the appropriate sampling head width w can be selected by matching the size of the mining vehicle. in .

[0069] In all the above embodiments, the relationship between the mud pump, flow meter, sampling head, priming pump, and track is as follows: Figure 5As shown, the tracked vehicle propels the mining vehicle forward, disturbing the undisturbed soil and generating a plume. A water pump absorbs this plume in the sampling head, where it mixes with the undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head and is then absorbed by a mud pump. A flow meter is installed between the tracked vehicle and the water pump to measure the volume of the plume introduced by the water pump, and another flow meter is installed between the sampling head and the mud pump to measure the volume of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. This serves as a monitoring value to check if it matches the set volume of the mud pump. Because deeper rare earth mineral deposits have high shear strength and are difficult to mine, high-pressure water jets are needed to break through the soil for extraction. Therefore, the mixture absorbed by the mud pump includes undisturbed soil, seawater collected by the sampling head, and high-pressure water. The high-pressure water can actually be seawater, which is drawn from the sea, pressurized, and applied to the undisturbed soil for extraction. Figure 5 The mud in the sampler is the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. "Rear-mounted sampling head" means the sampling head is located behind the tracks. The positions of the mud pump and water pump within the mining vehicle are as follows: Figure 6 As shown.

[0070] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Set the volume of mixture that the mud pump is to absorb within time t; Set the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump; The volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within time t is determined based on the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the mud pump within time t and the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump. The volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head within the time t is determined based on the digging depth, width, and travel speed of the sampling head, as well as the time t. The undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is diluted to the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump by introducing water into the water body. The relationship between the sampling depth and the traveling speed of the sampling head is determined based on the mass conservation method, the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump during the specified time t, and the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head during the specified time t.

2. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the mud pump within the time t is as follows: Vy = cV b , where Vy is the volume of undisturbed soil absorbed by the slurry pump in the time t, c is the optimum volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the slurry pump, V b V is the volume of the mixture to be absorbed by the slurry pump in the time t.

3. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is as follows: V S =H·w in ·v·t, In the formula, V S The volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head is H, where H is the excavation depth of the sampling head, and w is the volume of undisturbed soil collected by the sampling head. in Let v be the width of the acquisition head, v be the travel speed of the acquisition head, and t be the travel time of the acquisition head.

4. The mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water introduced by the water pump is seawater or a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater.

5. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the water introduced by the water pump is a mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater, the relationship between the excavation depth of the sampling head and the travel speed of the sampling head is expressed by the following expression: In the formula, c is the optimal volume concentration of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump, and V b Let H be the volume of mixture that the mud pump needs to absorb within time t, and let H be the digging depth of the collection head. in V is the width of the acquisition head, v is the traveling speed of the acquisition head, and t is the traveling time of the acquisition head. t Let k be the volume of water introduced by the water pump, and k be the volume concentration of the mixture of undisturbed soil and seawater.

6. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expression for the volume concentration k is:

7. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes using a first measuring device to measure the flow rate of the mixture absorbed by the mud pump per unit time.

8. The mining method using a rear-mounted mining head vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes using a second measuring device to measure the flow rate of the water introduced by the water pump per unit time.

9. The mining method using a rear-mounted acquisition head mining vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first measuring device and the second measuring device are flow meters.

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