A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar base extreme environments

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of lunar exploration equipment, and provides a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar base extreme environment, which comprises a switching mechanism, a coring drill rod, a laser head, a lifting device and a rotating device; the coring drill rod and the laser head are installed on the switching mechanism, and the lifting device is connected with the rotating device; the switching mechanism is used for moving the coring drill rod or the laser head horizontally to the position right below the rotating device, the rotating device is pressed down by the lifting device, the coring drill rod or the laser head is lowered, and the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking coring are realized; the switching mechanism is used for realizing the quick replacement of the coring drill rod and the laser head through lateral displacement, the rotating device provides rotating power, the lifting device provides axial feeding force, a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-breaking and mechanical coring is formed, the drilling efficiency is improved, the drill wear is reduced, and the stability and efficiency of operation can be maintained when facing extreme environment and complex geological conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lunar exploration equipment technology, specifically relating to a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for use in extreme lunar environments. Background Technology

[0002] As lunar exploration deepens, lunar resource exploration has become a crucial objective for future lunar development. However, the unique environment of the lunar surface, such as low gravity, high vacuum, and large temperature differences, presents numerous challenges to existing sampling techniques. Drilling encounters with hard lunar rocks like boulders and gravel layers proves difficult, leading to significant drill bit wear and low core extraction efficiency. Furthermore, the lack of liquid water on the moon prevents the application of cooling and lubrication technologies, and the low gravity environment can also affect the stability and accuracy of the drill bit. Laser-assisted rock breaking technology utilizes a high-energy laser beam to heat the rock surface and induce thermal expansion and fracturing—a non-contact rock-breaking method that effectively breaks up rocks, reduces their strength, and improves the efficiency of mechanical drilling core extraction. This invention proposes a step-by-step laser-assisted core drilling tool for the extreme lunar environment. It aims to overcome the challenges of the extreme lunar environment by combining laser technology with existing mechanical drilling techniques, thereby improving sampling efficiency, reducing drill bit wear, and enabling deep drilling on the lunar surface. This ultimately enhances the efficiency of lunar resource exploration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments, thereby resolving the issues in the prior art. The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:

[0004] A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments includes a switching mechanism, a coring drill rod, a laser head, a lifting device, and a rotating device.

[0005] The switching mechanism is equipped with the coring drill rod and the laser head. The lifting device is connected to the rotating device and is used to drive the rotating device to rise and fall. The rotating device is located above the switching mechanism. The switching mechanism is used to move the coring drill rod or the laser head horizontally to directly below the rotating device. The lifting device presses down on the rotating device to lower the coring drill rod or the laser head, so as to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking coring.

[0006] Furthermore, the switching mechanism includes a cover plate, a housing, a shaft, a synchronous pulley, a conveyor belt, a first pressure block, and a second pressure block;

[0007] The box body is a hollow structure, with the cover plate fixedly connected to its upper and lower sides respectively. The box body is equipped with the conveyor belt, which is sleeved on two shafts. The synchronous pulley that cooperates with the conveyor belt is fixedly connected to the shafts. The first pressure block and the second pressure block are fixedly connected to the inner side of the conveyor belt.

[0008] The core drill rod and the laser head are located below the housing. The top of the core drill rod is fixedly connected to a first vertical rod, and the top of the laser head is fixedly connected to a second vertical rod. The first vertical rod and the second vertical rod pass through the housing, and the cover plate is provided with an oblong hole for the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod to move laterally.

[0009] The first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are located between the first pressure block and the second pressure block; when the conveyor belt rotates forward, the first pressure block pushes the first vertical rod to move laterally to directly below the rotating device; when the conveyor belt rotates in reverse, the second pressure block pushes the second vertical rod to move laterally to directly below the rotating device.

[0010] Furthermore, a first connecting block is rotatably sleeved on the first vertical rod, and a second connecting block is rotatably sleeved on the second vertical rod. Both the first connecting block and the second connecting block are located inside the box, and the sides of the first connecting block and the second connecting block are respectively connected to the box through a sliding groove reset mechanism.

[0011] The slide groove reset mechanism includes a slide groove, a guide rod, a slider, a transverse reset spring, and a limiting block; the slide groove is formed on the inner side of the box body, the guide rod is fixedly installed in the slide groove, the transverse reset spring is sleeved on the guide rod, the limiting block is fixedly connected to the guide rod, the slider is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, and the transverse reset spring is located between the slider and the limiting block;

[0012] The first connecting block is fixedly connected to the slider of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the first pressing block pushes the first connecting block to move laterally until the corresponding limiting block abuts the slider, the first vertical rod is located directly below the rotating device.

[0013] The second connecting block is fixedly connected to the slider of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the second pressing block pushes the second connecting block to move laterally until the corresponding limiting block abuts the slider, the second vertical rod is located directly below the rotating device.

[0014] Furthermore, a connecting plate is provided above the switching mechanism, and the connecting plate is provided with a first opening, a second opening and a square hole;

[0015] The square hole has a first opening and a second opening on both sides, which are connected to the square hole. Two pressure plates are provided inside the square hole. The rotating device is located directly above the square hole, and the size of the square hole is adapted to the rotating device. A first vertical rod is provided inside the first opening, and a second vertical rod is provided inside the second opening. The top of the first vertical rod is rotatably connected to a first sliding plate, and the top of the second vertical rod is rotatably connected to a second sliding plate. The first sliding plate and the second sliding plate are slidably disposed on the upper surface of the connecting plate.

[0016] When the first vertical rod moves horizontally to directly below the rotating device, the first vertical rod is located between the two pressure plates, and the first sliding plate is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates.

[0017] When the second vertical rod moves horizontally to directly below the rotating device, the second vertical rod is located between the two pressure plates, and the second sliding plate is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates;

[0018] The square hole is used for the rotating device to pass through when it descends.

[0019] Furthermore, the top of the first vertical rod extends through the first sliding plate and is fixedly connected to the top plate. The top plate is provided with a pin hole. The output end of the rotating device is fixedly connected to the drive plate. The drive plate is provided with a pin that matches the pin hole.

[0020] Furthermore, the pressure plate is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod, the bottom of the positioning rod is fixedly connected to the cover plate located above, and a vertical return spring is sleeved on the positioning rod.

[0021] Furthermore, the rotating device includes a motor and an outer frame. The motor is installed inside the outer frame, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate. The outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate, and the outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device.

[0022] Furthermore, the side of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to the top of the box body via a support rod, the side of the lifting device is fixedly connected to the lower support via an upper bracket, the lower support is fixedly connected to the box body, and the bottom of the lower support is supported on the construction surface.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention realizes the rapid replacement of the coring drill rod and the laser head by switching the lateral displacement of the switching mechanism. The rotating device provides rotational power and the lifting device provides axial feed force, forming a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-fragmentation and mechanical coring, which improves drilling efficiency, reduces drill wear, and can maintain the stability and efficiency of operation when facing extreme environments and complex geological conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the switching mechanism at point B;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top sectional view of the switching mechanism;

[0027] Figure 4This is a side sectional view of the first connecting block;

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram at point A in the middle;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top view of the connecting plate;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the first sliding plate moving laterally into the square hole;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the core drill rod being moved laterally to the middle position;

[0032] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the coring drill rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following will be based on embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-10 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0035] like Figure 1 A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments includes a switching mechanism 1, a coring drill rod 2, a laser head 3, a lifting device 7, and a rotating device 8.

[0036] The switching mechanism 1 is equipped with the coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3. The lifting device 7 is connected to the rotating device 8 and is used to drive the rotating device 8 to rise and fall. The rotating device 8 is located above the switching mechanism 1. The switching mechanism 1 is used to move the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3 horizontally to directly below the rotating device 8. The lifting device 7 presses down on the rotating device 8 to lower the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3, so as to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking coring.

[0037] Specifically, the step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill can be deployed on lunar rovers, exploration equipment, and lunar-based facilities. It can be operated manually or using an unmanned vehicle. This invention uses a feedback system to monitor the rock-breaking status in real time. This feedback system can be a pressure sensor, torque sensor, or displacement sensor to detect the actual operating status of the drill. When the coring drill rod 2 is not operating smoothly and has difficulty drilling, the switching mechanism 1 switches to the laser head 3, using the laser to cause cracks and weaken the rock. It then switches back to the coring drill rod 2 until the sampling operation is completed. The coring drill rod 2 is a prior art technology, with a drill bit at its bottom and a hollow structure to facilitate sample entry.

[0038] There are two main types of targets encountered when coring lunar samples: lunar regolith and lunar rocks. Drilling lunar regolith primarily uses footage monitoring, generally maintaining a constant feed rate while monitoring drilling pressure. A sudden increase in drilling pressure indicates a possible encounter with hard rock, at which point laser assistance is used. Alternatively, both footage and drilling pressure can be monitored; if the drill bit feed remains constant, it suggests a stuck drill bit, and drilling is stopped. Drilling lunar rocks primarily uses drilling pressure control, generally maintaining a constant feed rate. A constant feed rate indicates a possible stuck drill bit.

[0039] In lunar rock-breaking operations, this invention employs a mechanical method (coring drill rod 2) to drill into loose layers or medium-hard rock masses. When encountering high-hardness or intact boulders, it switches to laser mode, using a laser head 3 to pre-treat the rock mass, causing it to fracture and break up before switching back to mechanical mode to complete the rock-breaking operation. This step-by-step process can be controlled in a closed-loop manner through a control system. When a mode switch is needed, the switching mechanism 1 rotates, aligning the coring drill rod 2 or the laser head 3 with the work position, thus completing the mode switch. In specific implementation, the switching mechanism 1 first moves the coring drill rod 2 laterally to directly below the rotating device 8. The lifting device 7 drives the rotating device 8 to descend, creating a downward torque to allow the coring drill rod 2 to drill in and collect samples. When laser rock breaking is required, the switching mechanism 1 moves the laser head 3 laterally to directly below the rotating device 8. The lifting device 7 drives the rotating device 8 to descend, at which point the rotating device 8 stops operating, and the laser head 3 moves down accordingly, using laser energy to pre-fracture the rock before the coring drill rod 2 is used to drill in and collect samples.

[0040] This invention enables rapid replacement of the coring drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 by switching the lateral displacement of the switching mechanism 1. The rotating device 8 provides rotational power, and the lifting device 7 provides axial feed force, forming a step-by-step operation mode of laser pre-fragmentation and mechanical coring. This improves drilling efficiency, reduces drill bit wear, and can maintain the stability and efficiency of the operation when facing extreme environments and complex geological conditions. Through the coordinated work of laser and mechanical drilling tools, this invention has broad application prospects in lunar resource exploration.

[0041] like Figures 2-4The switching mechanism 1 includes a cover plate 101, a housing 102, a shaft 103, a synchronous pulley 104, a conveyor belt 110, a first pressure block 106, and a second pressure block 112.

[0042] The housing 102 has a hollow structure, and the cover plate 101 is fixedly connected to its upper and lower sides respectively. The housing 102 is provided with the conveyor belt 110, which is sleeved on two shafts 103. The synchronous pulley 104 that cooperates with the conveyor belt 110 is fixedly connected to the shafts 103. The first pressure block 106 and the second pressure block 112 are fixedly connected to the inner side of the conveyor belt 110.

[0043] The core drill rod 2 and the laser head 3 are located below the housing 102. The top of the core drill rod 2 is fixedly connected to the first vertical rod 201, and the top of the laser head 3 is fixedly connected to the second vertical rod 301. The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 pass through the housing 102, and the cover plate 101 is provided with an oblong hole for the first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 to move laterally.

[0044] The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 are located between the first pressure block 106 and the second pressure block 112; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward, the first pressure block 106 pushes the first vertical rod 201 to move laterally to directly below the rotating device 8; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates in reverse, the second pressure block 112 pushes the second vertical rod 301 to move laterally to directly below the rotating device 8.

[0045] The shaft 103 is vertically positioned, and the conveyor belt 110 horizontally moves the first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 through the first and second pressure blocks. One of the shafts 103 extends through the cover plate 101 and is connected to the drive motor 113. The conveyor belt 110 is driven by the drive motor 113, and the synchronous pulley 104 drives the conveyor belt 110 to rotate. The first and second pressure blocks move with the conveyor belt 110, pushing the first vertical rod 201 (on the core drill rod 2 side) or the second vertical rod 301 (on the laser head 3 side) horizontally along the waist-shaped hole until the slider 1071 abuts against the limiting block 109, completing the position switch. This invention utilizes the continuous transmission of the conveyor belt 110 to convert rotational motion into linear motion of the first and second pressure blocks, achieving horizontal movement through the mechanical contact of the first and second pressure blocks. The waist-shaped hole limits the horizontal movement path of the vertical rod, ensuring that the direction of movement is aligned with the position directly below the rotating device 8.

[0046] Specifically, such as Figure 3The first vertical rod 201 and the second vertical rod 301 are distributed at intervals and are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the rotation axis of the rotating device 8. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates counterclockwise, the second vertical rod 301 moves to the left side of the figure and moves to the middle position to activate the laser mode; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates clockwise, the first vertical rod 201 moves to the right side of the figure and moves to the middle position to activate the core extraction mode.

[0047] Furthermore, a first connecting block 105 is rotatably sleeved on the first vertical rod 201, and a second connecting block 111 is rotatably sleeved on the second vertical rod 301. Both the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 are located inside the housing 102. The sides of the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 are respectively connected to the housing 102 through a sliding groove reset mechanism.

[0048] The slide groove reset mechanism includes a slide groove, a guide rod 107, a slider 1071, a transverse reset spring 108, and a limiting block 109. The slide groove is formed on the inner side of the housing 102. The guide rod 107 is fixedly installed in the slide groove. The transverse reset spring 108 is sleeved on the guide rod 107. The limiting block 109 is fixedly connected to the guide rod 107. The slider 1071 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 107. The transverse reset spring 108 is located between the slider 1071 and the limiting block 109.

[0049] The first connecting block 105 is fixedly connected to the slider 1071 of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates clockwise, the first pressing block 106 pushes the first connecting block 105 to move laterally until the corresponding limiting block 109 abuts against the slider 1071. At this time, the first vertical rod 201 is located directly below the rotating device 8.

[0050] The second connecting block 111 is fixedly connected to the slider 1071 of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the conveyor belt 110 reverses, that is, rotates counterclockwise, when the second pressing block 112 pushes the second connecting block 111 to move laterally to the corresponding limiting block 109 to abut against the slider 1071, the second vertical rod 301 is located directly below the rotating device 8.

[0051] Specifically, the first pressing block 106 and the second pressing block 112 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111. The slide groove reset mechanism functions as a positioning, reset, and limiting mechanism. The first and second connecting blocks achieve the limiting function through the cooperation of the corresponding sliders 1071 and guide rods 107, constraining the movement direction of the first and second connecting blocks. The first and second connecting blocks are rotatably connected to the first and second vertical rods, respectively. Corresponding through holes for the first and second vertical rods to pass through can be provided on the first and second connecting blocks, so as not to affect the drilling of the core drill rod 2. Multiple slide groove reset mechanisms can be provided on the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111, and they are located at different heights and do not interfere with each other. When the first and second connecting blocks move laterally, the lateral reset spring 108 is compressed by the slider 1071. When the conveyor belt 110 resets, the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 are reset through the lateral reset spring 108.

[0052] The limiting blocks 109 of the slide groove reset mechanism on the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111 constrain their maximum travel, thus achieving a positioning function. For example, when the first connecting block 105 moves laterally until the corresponding limiting block 109 abuts against the slider 1071, the first connecting block 105 moves to a predetermined position, achieving the positioning function. In this position, the first vertical rod 201 can cooperate with the rotating device 8 to transmit the downward torque. When the second connecting block 111 moves laterally until the corresponding limiting block 109 abuts against the slider 1071, the second connecting block 111 moves to a predetermined position.

[0053] Furthermore, the first connecting block 105 has a first notch 1051 on its side, and the second connecting block 111 has a second notch (not shown in the figure) on its side. The first and second notches are located on the side of the connecting block away from the pressure block. The first notch 1051 and the second notch are larger than the two pressure blocks to allow the corresponding pressure blocks to pass through. When the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward, the second pressure block 112 can go around the synchronous pulley 104 and pass through the second notch; when the conveyor belt 110 rotates in reverse, the first pressure block 106 can pass through the first notch 1051. This design can greatly improve the travel and flexibility of the first connecting block 105 and the second connecting block 111. To avoid interference, two synchronous pulleys 104 can be provided on the shaft 103, with the two synchronous pulleys 104 forming a vertical gap to allow the first and second pressure blocks to go around the synchronous pulleys 104.

[0054] like Figures 5-9 A connecting plate 9 is provided above the switching mechanism 1, and the connecting plate 9 is provided with a first opening 905, a second opening 906 and a square hole 907.

[0055] The square hole 907 has a first opening 905 and a second opening 906 on both sides, which are connected to the square hole 907. Two pressure plates 901 are provided inside the square hole 907. The rotating device 8 is located directly above the square hole 907, and the size of the square hole 907 is adapted to the rotating device 8. A first vertical rod 201 is provided inside the first opening 905, and a second vertical rod 301 is provided inside the second opening 906. The top of the first vertical rod 201 is rotatably connected to a first sliding plate 202, and the top of the second vertical rod 301 is rotatably connected to a second sliding plate 302. The first sliding plate 202 and the second sliding plate 302 are slidably disposed on the upper surface of the connecting plate 9.

[0056] When the first vertical rod 201 moves laterally to directly below the rotating device 8, the first vertical rod 201 is located between the two pressure plates 901, and the first sliding plate 202 is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates 901.

[0057] When the second vertical rod 301 moves laterally to directly below the rotating device 8, the second vertical rod 301 is located between the two pressure plates 901, and the second sliding plate 302 is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates 901.

[0058] The square hole 907 is used for the rotating device 8 to pass through when it descends.

[0059] When the first and second vertical rods move laterally, the first and second sliding plates slide on the upper surface of the connecting plate 9. When the first vertical rod 201 or the second vertical rod 301 reaches the predetermined position, it enters the part between the two bearing plates 901. At this time, the sliding plate is supported on the bearing plates. When the rotating device 8 descends, it passes through the square hole 907, and the driving plate 801 connects with the top plate 203 to transmit power. The sliding plate presses down on the bearing plate 901 and moves downward. The connecting plate 9, as an intermediate transition structure, provides a space for the lateral movement of the first and second vertical rods and the lifting and lowering of the rotating device 8 without interference through the spatial design of the first and second openings and the square hole 907.

[0060] Furthermore, the top of the first vertical rod 201 extends through the first sliding plate 202 and is fixedly connected to the top plate 203. The top plate 203 is provided with a pin hole 204. The output end of the rotating device 8 is fixedly connected to the drive plate 801. The drive plate 801 is provided with a pin 802 that matches the pin hole 204.

[0061] During the initial descent of the rotating device 8, it drives the drive plate 801 to rotate slowly until the pin 802 contacts the top plate 203. Then, the pin 802 rotates until it is inserted into the pin hole 204 under the downward pressure of the rotating device 8. Torque is transmitted to the core drill rod 2 through the drive plate 801, pin 802, top plate 203, and vertical rod, achieving rotary core extraction. A ball bearing can be installed at the bottom of the pin 802 to reduce friction. In laser mode, the rotating device 8 does not operate.

[0062] Furthermore, the pressure plate 901 is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod 903, the bottom of the positioning rod 903 is fixedly connected to the cover plate 101 located above, and a vertical return spring 902 is sleeved on the positioning rod 903.

[0063] When the rotating device 8 presses down, the pressure plate 901 slides along the positioning rod 903, and the vertical return spring 902 is compressed; when the rotating device rises, the vertical return spring 902 pushes the pressure plate 901 to reset. After the pressure plate 901 is reset to the initial height, the conveyor belt 110 rotates, and the final reset is achieved by the transverse return spring 108.

[0064] Furthermore, the rotating device 8 includes a motor and an outer frame. The motor is installed inside the outer frame, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate 801. The outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate 801, and the outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device 7.

[0065] The pressure output by the lifting device 7 is transmitted to the outer frame, and not to the motor. The lifting device 7 is existing technology, such as an electric cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, or motor screw mechanism; the present invention preferably uses a motor screw mechanism.

[0066] Furthermore, the side of the connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 102 via a support rod, and the side of the lifting device 7 is fixedly connected to the lower support 4 via an upper bracket 6. The lower support 4 is fixedly connected to the housing 102, and its bottom is supported on the construction surface. The lower support 4 provides a supporting force to maintain the stability of the entire equipment when the core drill rod 2 is sampling. A telescopic rod can be installed on the lower support 4 to adjust its height.

[0067] The overall workflow of this invention is as follows:

[0068] First, the drilling tool is deployed on the lunar exploration equipment, in the initial state as follows: Figure 1 The core drill rod 2 and laser head 3 are located on both sides. After starting the equipment, the switching mechanism 1 positions the core drill rod 2 directly below the rotating device 8. Figure 8In operation, when facing loose or medium-hard rock, the lifting device 7 drives the rotating device 8 to descend, and the pin 802 engages with the top pin hole 204 of the core drill rod 2, driving the core drill rod 2 to rotate and drill for core extraction. If hard rock is encountered (e.g., a sudden increase in drilling pressure or stagnation in drilling depth), a mode switch is triggered: the drive motor 113 starts, the conveyor belt 110 drives the second pressure block 112 to move laterally, the core drill rod 2 moves to the left to reset, and then the laser head 3 is positioned directly below the rotating device 8. At this time, the rotating device 8 descends (the motor does not work), the laser head 3 moves down to pre-fracture the rock, and after weakening, the conveyor belt 110 rotates forward to switch back to the core extraction mode, using the core drill rod 2 to complete the operation.

[0069] During the switching process, the conveyor belt 110 pushes the corresponding vertical rod to move laterally along the waist-shaped hole through the pressure block. The slider 1071 of the slide groove reset mechanism and the corresponding limit block 109 ensure positioning, and the lateral reset spring 108 assists in reset. When the rotating device 8 presses down, the pressure plate 901 slides along the positioning rod 903, and the vertical reset spring 902 resets when it rises. The tapered fit between the pin 802 and the pin hole 204 enables rapid docking (in laser mode, only positioning is achieved, without rotation). Through closed-loop control of the feedback system, laser-assisted or mechanical coring is automatically triggered to adapt to different geological conditions.

[0070] This invention utilizes the same power source to achieve vertical feeding of the laser head 3 and the core drill rod 2, which can adapt to the feeding requirements of the core drill rod 2 and also allows the laser generated by the laser head 3 to be closer to the rock, resulting in more concentrated energy. The integrated design of this invention reduces the number of drive components, lowers energy consumption and failure points, and makes the overall structure of the drill string compact, adapting to the limited installation space of platforms such as lunar rovers.

[0071] This invention employs a mechanical structure to achieve core extraction and mode switching in the vacuum environment of the lunar surface, instead of using conventional pneumatic or hydraulic structures. The purpose is to avoid the failure of pneumatic and hydraulic structures due to changes in air pressure and temperature in the extreme environment of the lunar surface.

[0072] In addition, such as Figure 10 The coring drill rod 2 of the present invention also includes another embodiment, namely: the coring drill rod 2 and the first vertical rod 201 include an outer shell and an inner shell 10; both the inner shell 10 and the outer shell are cylindrical structures, the inner shell 10 is inserted into the outer shell and connected by a spline, the top of the inner shell 10 is fixedly connected to a top plate 203, and the top of the outer shell is rotatably fitted with corresponding first and second sliding plates, the sliding plates are connected to the top plate 203 by bearings, and the top of the outer shell is connected to the top plate 203 by bolts, pipe buckles and other components; during sampling, the sample enters the interior of the inner shell 10, and after sampling is completed, the equipment returns to its original position. Figure 1 In the initial state, there is no interference above the core drill rod 2, and the bolts between the outer shell and the top plate 203 can be directly removed. Then, the inner shell 10 can be removed through the top plate 203 to quickly extract the sample. The drill bit can be located at the bottom of the outer shell.

[0073] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications, alterations, substitutions, or variations made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments, characterized in that, It includes a switching mechanism (1), a core drill rod (2), a laser head (3), a lifting device (7), and a rotating device (8); The switching mechanism (1) is equipped with the coring drill rod (2) and the laser head (3). The lifting device (7) is connected to the rotating device (8) and is used to drive the rotating device (8) to rise and fall. The rotating device (8) is located above the switching mechanism (1). The switching mechanism (1) is used to move the coring drill rod (2) or the laser head (3) horizontally to directly below the rotating device (8). The lifting device (7) presses down on the rotating device (8) to lower the coring drill rod (2) or the laser head (3) so as to realize the functions of laser rock breaking and mechanical rock breaking coring. The switching mechanism (1) includes a cover plate (101), a housing (102), a shaft (103), a synchronous pulley (104), a conveyor belt (110), a first pressure block (106), and a second pressure block (112). The housing (102) is a hollow structure, with the cover plate (101) fixedly connected to its upper and lower sides respectively. The housing (102) is equipped with the conveyor belt (110), which is sleeved on two shafts (103). The synchronous pulley (104) that cooperates with the conveyor belt (110) is fixedly connected to the shafts (103). The first pressure block (106) and the second pressure block (112) are fixedly connected to the inner side of the conveyor belt (110). The core drill rod (2) and the laser head (3) are located below the housing (102). The top of the core drill rod (2) is fixedly connected to a first vertical rod (201), and the top of the laser head (3) is fixedly connected to a second vertical rod (301). The first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) pass through the housing (102). The cover plate (101) is provided with a waist-shaped hole for the first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) to move laterally. The first vertical rod (201) and the second vertical rod (301) are located between the first pressure block (106) and the second pressure block (112); when the conveyor belt (110) rotates forward, the first pressure block (106) pushes the first vertical rod (201) to move laterally to directly below the rotating device (8); when the conveyor belt (110) rotates in reverse, the second pressure block (112) pushes the second vertical rod (301) to move laterally to directly below the rotating device (8).

2. The step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first connecting block (105) is rotatably sleeved on the first vertical rod (201), and a second connecting block (111) is rotatably sleeved on the second vertical rod (301). The first connecting block (105) and the second connecting block (111) are both located inside the box (102). The sides of the first connecting block (105) and the second connecting block (111) are respectively connected to the box (102) through a sliding groove reset mechanism. The slide groove reset mechanism includes a slide groove, a guide rod (107), a slider (1071), a transverse reset spring (108), and a limiting block (109); the slide groove is opened on the inner side of the housing (102), the guide rod (107) is fixedly installed in the slide groove, the transverse reset spring (108) is sleeved on the guide rod (107), the limiting block (109) is fixedly connected to the guide rod (107), the slider (1071) is slidably sleeved on the guide rod (107), and the transverse reset spring (108) is located between the slider (1071) and the limiting block (109); The first connecting block (105) is fixedly connected to the slider (1071) of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the first pressing block (106) pushes the first connecting block (105) to move laterally to the corresponding limiting block (109) abutting the slider (1071), the first vertical rod (201) is located directly below the rotating device (8). The second connecting block (111) is fixedly connected to the slider (1071) of the corresponding slide groove reset mechanism. When the second pressing block (112) pushes the second connecting block (111) to move laterally to the corresponding limiting block (109) abutting the slider (1071), the second vertical rod (301) is located directly below the rotating device (8).

3. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting plate (9) is provided above the switching mechanism (1), and the connecting plate (9) is provided with a first opening (905), a second opening (906) and a square hole (907). The square hole (907) has a first opening (905) and a second opening (906) on both sides, which are connected to the square hole (907). Two pressure plates (901) are provided inside the square hole (907). The rotating device (8) is located directly above the square hole (907), and the size of the square hole (907) is adapted to the rotating device (8). A first vertical rod (201) is provided inside the first opening (905), and a second vertical rod (301) is provided inside the second opening (906). The top of the first vertical rod (201) is rotatably connected to a first sliding plate (202), and the top of the second vertical rod (301) is rotatably connected to a second sliding plate (302). The first sliding plate (202) and the second sliding plate (302) are slidably disposed on the upper surface of the connecting plate (9). When the first vertical rod (201) moves laterally to directly below the rotating device (8), the first vertical rod (201) is located between the two pressure plates (901), and the first sliding plate (202) is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates (901); When the second vertical rod (301) moves laterally to directly below the rotating device (8), the second vertical rod (301) is located between the two pressure plates (901), and the second sliding plate (302) is located on the upper surface of the two pressure plates (901); The square hole (907) is used for the rotating device (8) to pass through when it descends.

4. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the first vertical rod (201) extends through the first sliding plate (202) and is fixedly connected to the top plate (203). The top plate (203) is provided with a pin hole (204). The output end of the rotating device (8) is fixedly connected to the drive plate (801). The drive plate (801) is provided with a pin (802) that matches the pin hole (204).

5. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure plate (901) is slidably sleeved on the positioning rod (903), the bottom of the positioning rod (903) is fixedly connected to the cover plate (101) located above, and a vertical return spring (902) is sleeved on the positioning rod (903).

6. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating device (8) includes a motor and an outer frame. The motor is installed inside the outer frame. The output end of the motor is fixedly connected to the drive plate (801). The outer frame is rotatably connected to the drive plate (801). The outer frame is fixedly connected to the output end of the lifting device (7).

7. A step-by-step laser-assisted coring drill for lunar-based extreme environments according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side of the connecting plate (9) is fixedly connected to the top of the box (102) by a support rod. The side of the lifting device (7) is fixedly connected to the lower support (4) by an upper support (6). The lower support (4) is fixedly connected to the box (102). The bottom of the lower support (4) is supported on the construction surface.

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