A method for cultivating high-quality gold ear at low cost

Abstract

A low-cost method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus involves adding compound edible fungus residue to the cultivation substrate. This compound edible fungus residue is composed of 40-60% fermented residue from *Mycorrhiza uralensis*, 20-30% from *Pleurotus ostreatus*, and 20-30% from *Lentinula edodes* by weight percentage, with the compound edible fungus residue comprising 50-58% of the cultivation substrate by weight. In this invention, *Mycorrhiza uralensis* is pretreated and fermented to produce fermented residue, which is then mixed with *Lentinula edodes* and *Pleurotus ostreatus* residues in a specific ratio. This mixture largely replaces cottonseed hulls in conventional cultivation substrates, effectively reducing production costs while increasing the yield and quality of golden ear fungus. The biological efficiency of golden ear fungus cultivation using this substrate reaches over 80%, and the content of polysaccharides, amino acids, ergothioneine, and other nutrients that contribute to the quality of golden ear fungus is improved. This cost-effective approach of reducing costs while increasing the yield and quality of golden ear fungus effectively enhances the economic benefits of industrialized golden ear fungus cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation technology, specifically to a low-cost method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus. Background Technology

[0002] Golden Ear ( Orange Tremella Also known as "Golden Ear" or "Yellow Fungus," it belongs to the Basidiomycetes, Tremella Class, Tremella Family, and Tremella Genus. It is a rare fungus used for both food and medicine. It grows epiphytically on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees such as oak and birch. It gets its name from its bright golden-yellow, gelatinous, semi-transparent body, resembling a brain or petal. Golden Ear has high nutritional and medicinal value. Every 100g of dried product contains approximately 10-15% protein, including 17 amino acids, of which essential amino acids account for 40%, higher than common edible fungi. Golden Ear is rich in polysaccharides, which have unique colloidal properties and are the core component of its nourishing effects. These polysaccharides can activate macrophages, enhance the body's immunity, and scavenge free radicals, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Existing animal experiments have confirmed that Golden Ear extract can also lower blood sugar levels and regulate lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. Furthermore, Golden Ear is rich in trace elements and vitamins. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that golden ear fungus is neutral in nature and sweet in taste. It has the effects of nourishing yin and moistening the lungs, promoting body fluid and quenching thirst, and replenishing qi and blood. It is often used to treat symptoms such as consumptive cough, insomnia and palpitations. In the "Diannan Materia Medica", it is listed as a "superior product for moistening the lungs".

[0003] The physiological and biochemical characteristics of *Auricularia auricula-judae* differ significantly from those of most edible fungi (such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms), directly determining the specific requirements of its cultivation substrate. Under natural conditions, *Auricularia auricula-judae* requires nutrients from *Trichoderma repens* to complete its fruiting body development. *Trichoderma repens* is responsible for decomposing complex polysaccharides such as lignin and cellulose, providing *Auricularia auricula-judae* with usable small-molecule nutrients (such as glucose and amino acids), while *Auricularia auricula-judae* promotes the growth of *Trichoderma repens* through its metabolic products. *Trichoderma repens* has a strong ability to utilize carbon sources but is sensitive to nitrogen sources; excessive organic nitrogen (such as peptone) may inhibit its mycelial growth, thus affecting the development of *Auricularia auricula-judae*. The fruiting body of *Auricularia auricula-judae* is rich in polysaccharides (such as acidic heteropolysaccharides), requiring a large amount of carbohydrates for synthesis, and its demand for minerals such as magnesium and potassium is higher than that of ordinary edible fungi. These characteristics directly determine the specific requirements of its cultivation substrate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-cost method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus. By optimizing the cultivation substrate, the cost of the substrate is reduced while the yield and quality of golden ear fungus are improved.

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a low-cost culture medium for golden ear fungus.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing high-quality auricularia auricula cultivation material.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A low-cost auricularia auricula cultivation substrate is characterized by using a compound edible fungus substrate composed of fermented ginseng fungus residue, oyster mushroom residue, and shiitake mushroom residue as the main ingredient. The auricularia auricula cultivation substrate is composed of 40-48% compound edible fungus substrate, 30-38% cottonseed hulls, 5-10% sawdust, 10-15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose by weight percentage, with the moisture content adjusted to 60-65%.

[0008] Furthermore, the compound edible fungus residue is composed of 40-60% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 20-30% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 20-30% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus by mass ratio.

[0009] Furthermore, the fermentation residue of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* is prepared by pretreating the residue with a 0.5-0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution and then inoculating it with a compound microbial agent at an inoculation rate of 3-6%.

[0010] Furthermore, the pretreatment involves spraying ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the ginseng mycelium residue while stirring. After mixing thoroughly, the mixture is left to stand at room temperature for 10-15 hours. The mass ratio of ginseng mycelium residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3-5.

[0011] Furthermore, the compound microbial agent is *Lactobacillus plantarum* (…). Lactobacillus plantarum Clostridium butyricum ( Clostridium butyricum ) and Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger It is composed of live bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1.

[0012] The compound microbial agent contains *Lactobacillus plantarum* (… Lactobacillus plantarum The accession number is GDMCCNO.1.191, Clostridium butyricum ( Clostridium butyricum The accession number is GDMCC NO.1.676, and it is *Aspergillus niger* (…). Aspergillus niger The accession number for this work is GDMCC NO.3.564.

[0013] Furthermore, during the fermentation process, the pretreated white ginseng fungus residue is sterilized, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%. After inoculating with compound microbial agent, the temperature is first controlled at 25-32℃ for 3-5 days of fermentation, and then the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 35-40℃ for 2-3 days of continued fermentation.

[0014] The compound microbial agent involves aerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria. Different microorganisms gradually exert their effects as the oxygen content in the residue is consumed and the fermentation temperature changes, thus realizing the compound fermentation of white ginseng residue.

[0015] A method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus at low cost, specifically by optimizing the cultivation substrate, is characterized by the addition of compound edible fungus residue to the cultivation substrate. The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 40-60% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 20-30% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 20-30% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus by mass percentage, and the compound edible fungus residue accounts for 50-58% of the mass of the cultivation substrate.

[0016] Furthermore, the fermentation residue of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* is prepared by pretreating the residue with ammonium bicarbonate solution and then inoculating it with a compound microbial agent composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* for fermentation.

[0017] Furthermore, the pretreatment involves spraying a 0.5-0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the ginseng mycelium residue while stirring. After mixing thoroughly, the mixture is left to stand at room temperature for 10-15 hours. The mass ratio of the ginseng mycelium residue to the ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3-5.

[0018] Furthermore, after fermentation with a compound microbial agent, the temperature is first controlled at 25~32℃ for 3~5 days, and then the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 35~40℃ to continue fermentation for 2~3 days.

[0019] Furthermore, the mass ratio of viable bacteria of Lactobacillus plantarum, Clostridium butyricum and Aspergillus niger in the compound microbial agent is 1:1:1, and the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent into the microbial residue is 3-6%.

[0020] Furthermore, the cultivation substrate for golden ear fungus is composed of 40-48% compound edible fungus residue, 30-38% cottonseed hulls, 5-10% sawdust, 10-15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose by weight percentage.

[0021] A method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus at low cost, characterized by the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of white ginseng fungal residue While stirring, spray a 0.5-0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the white ginseng fungus residue. After stirring and mixing evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 10-15 hours. The mass ratio of white ginseng fungus residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3-5. (2) Fermentation of white ginseng residue The pretreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* residue is sterilized, and then the moisture content of the residue is adjusted to 60-65%. A compound microbial agent is inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3-6%. The fermentation is first controlled at 25-32℃ for 3-5 days, and then the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 35-40℃ for 2-3 days to obtain *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue. The compound microbial agent is composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* in a live bacteria mass ratio of 1:1:1. (3) Preparation of cultivation material The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 40-60% fermented ginseng residue, 20-30% oyster mushroom residue, and 20-30% shiitake mushroom residue by weight percentage. The golden ear fungus cultivation material is composed of 40-48% compound edible fungus residue, 30-38% cottonseed hulls, 5-10% sawdust, 10-15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose by weight percentage, and the moisture content is adjusted to 60-65%.

[0022] When adding only mushroom residue to the cultivation substrate for the cultivation of Auricularia auricula-judae, if the proportion of mushroom residue in the cultivation substrate is too high (more than 30%), it will lead to a decrease in the water retention capacity of the cultivation substrate, making it prone to compaction. At the same time, the porosity of the cultivation substrate will decrease, resulting in poor air permeability.

[0023] During the fermentation of *Auricularia auricula-judae*, the extracellular polysaccharides and mucilage produced during microbial metabolism improve the water retention and aeration of the substrate. When combined with *Pleurotus ostreatus* and *Pleurotus eryngii* residues, this effectively regulates the pore structure of the substrate, further enhancing its water retention and aeration. After fermentation, *Auricularia auricula-judae* is mixed with *Pleurotus ostreatus* and *Pleurotus eryngii* residues in a specific ratio, adjusting the C / N ratio and pH of the substrate. This slightly acidic pH environment not only promotes the colonization of *Auricularia auricula-judae* mycelium but also inhibits the growth of alkaliphilic bacteria (such as bacteria and some molds). Meanwhile, the main residual components of the three different edible fungi residues vary greatly (the main residual components of white ginseng residue are lignin and hemicellulose, the main residues of shiitake mushroom residue are cellulose and lignin degradation products, and the residue of oyster mushroom residue contains more polysaccharides and protein residues). The combination of the three substances regulates the diversity of the degradation products of the residues, improves the physicochemical structure of the cultivation medium, and improves the nutritional structure of the cultivation medium. This improves the utilization rate of carbon sources by the mycelium and associated fungi of Auricularia auricula-judae, and increases the bioconversion rate of the cultivation medium. At the same time, the high phosphorus content of oyster mushroom residue can promote the synthesis of nucleic acids in Auricularia auricula-judae fruiting bodies. The addition of the compound edible fungi residue effectively increases the polysaccharide content in Auricularia auricula-judae fruiting bodies and improves the quality of Auricularia auricula-judae.

[0024] The present invention has the following technical effects: This invention utilizes *Mycorrhiza uralensis* (white ginseng) to produce fermented mycelium residue through pretreatment and fermentation. This residue is then mixed with shiitake and oyster mushroom residues in a specific ratio, serving as the main ingredient to largely replace cottonseed hulls in conventional cultivation materials. This effectively reduces production costs while increasing the yield and quality of *Auricularia auricula-judae* (golden ear mushroom). The biological efficiency of *Auricularia auricula-judae* cultivation using this substrate exceeds 80%, and the content of polysaccharides, amino acids, ergothioneine, and other nutrients that contribute to the quality of *Auricularia auricula-judae* is significantly improved. This cost-benefit approach of reducing costs while increasing yield and quality effectively enhances the economic benefits of industrialized *Auricularia auricula-judae* cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be specifically described below through embodiments. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above description.

[0026] Among the microorganisms used in this invention, *Lactobacillus plantarum* ( Lactobacillus plantarum The accession number is GDMCC NO.1.191, Clostridium butyricum ( Clostridium butyricum The accession number is GDMCC NO.1.676, and it is *Aspergillus niger* (…). Aspergillus niger The accession number of the specimens is GDMCC NO.3.564, and they were all purchased from the Guangdong Provincial Center for Microbial Culture Collection.

[0027] In addition, Trichoderma reesei used in the comparative test ( Trichoderma reesei The accession number is GDMCCNO.3.141.

[0028] Example 1 A method for preparing a high-quality auricularia auricula-judae cultivation substrate includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of white ginseng fungal residue While stirring, spray a 0.6% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the white ginseng fungus residue. After stirring and mixing evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours. The mass ratio of white ginseng fungus residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:4. (2) Fermentation of white ginseng residue The pretreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* residue was sterilized, and then the moisture content of the residue was adjusted to 60%. A compound microbial agent was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 5%. The fermentation was first carried out at a temperature of 25-32℃ for 4 days, and then the fermentation temperature was adjusted to 35-40℃ for 3 more days to obtain *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue. The compound microbial agent was composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* in a live bacteria mass ratio of 1:1:1. (3) Preparation of cultivation material The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 60% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 20% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 20% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus according to the weight percentage. The golden ear fungus cultivation material is composed of 45% compound edible fungus residue, 33% cottonseed hulls, 8% sawdust, 12% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose according to the weight percentage.

[0029] During the pretreatment and fermentation of *Mycorrhiza uralensis* residue, different pretreatment and fermentation methods were tried to obtain different fermented *Mycorrhiza uralensis* residues (compound agent 1 was without *Clostridium butyricum*, compound agent 2 was compound agent 1 with *Aspergillus niger* replaced by *Trichoderma reesei*, and compound agent 3 was compound agent 1 with *Aspergillus niger* replaced by *Trichoderma reesei*). The nutritional indicators (carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, crude protein content, pH) of each *Mycorrhiza uralensis* fermented residue were tested. The total carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was tested using a portable elemental analyzer, the crude protein content was tested using a near-infrared spectroscopy, and the pH of the compost was tested using a pH meter. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0030] Table 1:

[0031] Different pretreatment methods and fermentation methods resulted in significant differences in the C / N ratio, pH, and crude protein content of the *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* mycelium residue. In Example 1, the *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue showed a significant decrease in C / N and pH, and a marked increase in crude protein content. The *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue obtained through different treatments will have varying effects on the C / N ratio, pH, physical structure, and nutrient structure of the cultivation substrate, thus significantly impacting the yield and quality of *Auricularia auricula-judae*.

[0032] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that the residue of white ginseng fungus, shiitake mushroom fungus residue, and oyster mushroom fungus residue are mixed and fermented together, while the rest of the steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 2 Compared with Example 1, the white ginseng fungus residue is not pretreated or fermented, but directly mixed with shiitake mushroom residue and oyster mushroom residue in the same proportion to form a compound edible fungus residue, and is made into cultivation material according to the same proportion as in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 3 Compared with Example 1, the difference lies in the use of a separate *Mycorrhiza uralensis* fermentation residue instead of the compound edible fungus residue in the preparation of the cultivation medium. *Mycorrhiza uralensis* fermentation residue is designated as B, *Lentinula edodes* residue as X, and *Pleurotus ostreatus* residue as P. These three are combined in different proportions to form a compound substrate for the preparation of the cultivation medium. The cultivation medium without the addition of compound edible fungus residue, but instead using an equal amount of cottonseed hulls, is designated as the CK group, which is the conventional cultivation medium. Some physicochemical indicators of the cultivation media in the CK group, Example 1, and Comparative Examples 1-3, as well as the germination time of *Auricularia auricula-judae* mycelium and the differentiation time of the auricularia auricula-judae mycelium after inoculation, were tested. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0035] Table 2:

[0036] It can be seen that the C / N ratios of the different edible fungus residue formulations in Comparative Examples 1-3 are significantly different from those in the control group (CK), and the pH is lower than that in the control group. The mycelial germination time and auricularia auricula-judae differentiation time are also significantly longer than those in the control group. In the cultivation substrates composed of different proportions of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermented residue, *Lentinula edodes* residue, and *Pleurotus ostreatus* residue, the C / N ratio and pH gradually decrease with the increase of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermented residue. However, when the proportions of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermented residue are 60%, *Lentinula edodes* residue is 20%, and *Pleurotus ostreatus* residue is 20%, the mycelial germination time and auricularia auricula differentiation time are significantly shortened.

[0037] Example 2 The cultivation substrates prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were adjusted to a moisture content of 60-65%, autoclaved at 121°C for 120 minutes, inoculated with liquid cultivars of Auricularia auricula-judae, and then cultivated and managed. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Bag Making: The weighed cultivation material is added to a mixer and mixed thoroughly for 30-40 minutes. After mixing, the mixture is conveyed to a bag-making machine, with parameters set according to a wet weight of 1.5±0.05 kg / bag and a bag height of 40±0.5 cm. After bag making, the bags are promptly placed in a sterilizer for high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization. After sterilization, the bags are transferred to a clean area to cool to room temperature before inoculation.

[0038] 2. Seed production: After inoculation under aseptic conditions, place the seed at a temperature of 23±1℃, 150-180r / min, and in the dark for 5-7 days. When the color turns light brownish-red and the mycelial volume reaches 95% or more, it is ready for use.

[0039] 3. Inoculation and cultivation: Inoculate 3-4 sites per bag, and inoculate 2-3 ml at each site. After inoculation, cover the bags with film, place them in a frame, and then put them into the culture room. Cultivate for 28-30 days in the dark or under diffused light at a temperature of 23-25℃, humidity of 60-65%, and carbon dioxide of 1200-2000 PPM. During this period, pay attention to timely removal of unqualified bags.

[0040] 4. Fruiting Management: After cultivation, when the fruiting base is the size of a broad bean, promptly open the fruiting buds. Maintain real-time control according to a humidity of 85-98%, temperature of 19-24℃, and a light on / off ratio of 1-3:2 for 500lx illumination. Generally, the fruiting buds will reach harvestable condition after 30 days of management, exhibiting a brain-like shape, golden color, and a soft, glutinous texture. After harvesting, promptly pre-cool and package the fruiting buds.

[0041] The yield and quality indicators of golden ear fungus cultivated with different cultivation materials were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0042] Table 3:

[0043] The cultivation substrate of Example 1 of this invention significantly shortens the fruiting cycle of *Auricularia auricula-judae*, and significantly increases the content of polysaccharides, amino acids, and nutrients such as ergothioneine in the fruiting bodies, resulting in excellent fruiting body quality. It can be seen that, in addition to the significant improvement in the quality of *Auricularia auricula-judae*, compared with the control group, the biological efficiency of a single bag of *Auricularia auricula-judae* in this embodiment of the invention is increased by 7.4%, resulting in a significant increase in output value. Based on a factory production capacity of 10,000 bags per day and a price of 20 yuan / kg for *Auricularia auricula-judae*, the annual output value can increase by more than 3.5 million yuan.

[0044] The average cost of the CK group's formula cultivation material was 1.35 yuan per stick. However, by using compound edible fungus residue to replace part of the cottonseed hulls in the cultivation material, the cost per stick was reduced by 0.48 yuan. Based on a daily output of 10,000 sticks, the annual cost of cultivation material raw materials was reduced by more than 1.6 million yuan.

[0045] Example 3 A method for preparing a high-quality auricularia auricula-judae cultivation substrate includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of white ginseng fungal residue While stirring, spray a 0.5% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the white ginseng fungus residue. After stirring and mixing evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 15 hours. The mass ratio of white ginseng fungus residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:5. (2) Fermentation of white ginseng residue The pretreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* residue was sterilized, and then the moisture content of the residue was adjusted to 60%. A compound microbial agent was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 6%. The fermentation was first carried out at a temperature of 25-32℃ for 5 days, and then the fermentation temperature was adjusted to 35-40℃ for 2 more days to obtain *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue. The compound microbial agent was composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* in a live bacteria mass ratio of 1:1:1. (3) Preparation of cultivation material The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 70% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 15% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 15% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus according to the weight percentage. The golden ear fungus cultivation material is composed of 40% compound edible fungus residue, 38% cottonseed hulls, 5% sawdust, 15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose according to the weight percentage.

[0046] The same golden ear fungus was planted according to the inoculation and cultivation management of Example 2. The fruiting cycle was 33 days, the biological efficiency reached 80.9%, and the polysaccharide content of the obtained golden ear fungus (dried fungus) reached 38.8%, the total amino acid content was 18.6%, the essential amino acid content was 44.9%, and the ergothionein content was 84.6 μg / g dried fungus.

[0047] Example 4 A method for preparing a high-quality auricularia auricula-judae cultivation substrate includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of white ginseng fungal residue While stirring, spray a 0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the white ginseng fungus residue. After stirring and mixing evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 10 hours. The mass ratio of white ginseng fungus residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3. (2) Fermentation of white ginseng residue The pretreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* residue was sterilized, and then the moisture content of the residue was adjusted to 65%. A compound microbial agent was inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3%. The fermentation was first carried out at a temperature of 25-32℃ for 3 days, and then the fermentation temperature was adjusted to 35-40℃ for another 3 days to obtain *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue. The compound microbial agent was composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* in a live bacteria mass ratio of 1:1:1. (3) Preparation of cultivation material The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 50% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 25% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 25% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus according to the weight percentage. The golden ear fungus cultivation material is composed of 48% compound edible fungus residue, 30% cottonseed hulls, 10% sawdust, 10% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose according to the weight percentage.

[0048] The same golden ear fungus was planted according to the inoculation and cultivation management of Example 2. The fruiting cycle was 33 days, the biological efficiency reached 80.1%, and the polysaccharide content of the obtained golden ear fungus (dried fungus) reached 38.7%, the total amino acid content was 18.3%, the essential amino acid content was 45.2%, and the ergothionein content was 82.8 μg / g dried fungus.

Claims

1. A low-cost method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus, specifically involving optimizing the cultivation substrate, characterized by: The cultivation substrate contains compound edible fungus residue, which is composed of 40-60% fermented white ginseng residue, 20-30% oyster mushroom residue and 20-30% shiitake mushroom residue by mass percentage. The compound edible fungus residue accounts for 40-48% of the cultivation substrate by mass.

2. The method for low-cost cultivation of high-quality golden ear fungus as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation residue of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* is prepared by pretreating the residue with ammonium bicarbonate solution and then inoculating it with a compound microbial agent composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* for fermentation.

3. A method for low-cost cultivation of high-quality golden ear fungus as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The pretreatment involves spraying a 0.5-0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the ginseng mycelium residue while stirring. After mixing thoroughly, the mixture is left to stand at room temperature for 10-15 hours. The mass ratio of ginseng mycelium residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3-5.

4. A method for low-cost cultivation of high-quality golden ear fungus as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The fermentation process involves inoculating the compound microbial agent, first controlling the temperature at 25-32℃ for 3-5 days, and then adjusting the fermentation temperature to 35-40℃ to continue fermentation for 2-3 days.

5. A method for low-cost cultivation of high-quality golden ear fungus as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The compound microbial agent is *Lactobacillus plantarum* (… Lactobacillus plantarum Clostridium butyricum ( Clostridium butyricum ) and Aspergillus niger ( Aspergillus niger The compound microbial agent is composed of live bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the inoculation amount into the microbial residue is 3-6%.

6. The method for low-cost cultivation of high-quality golden ear fungus as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The cultivation substrate for golden ear fungus consists of 40-48% compound edible fungus residue, 30-38% cottonseed hulls, 5-10% sawdust, 10-15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose, by weight percentage.

7. A low-cost method for cultivating high-quality golden ear fungus, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of white ginseng fungal residue While stirring, spray a 0.5-0.8% ammonium bicarbonate solution onto the white ginseng fungus residue. After stirring and mixing evenly, let it stand at room temperature for 10-15 hours. The mass ratio of white ginseng fungus residue to ammonium bicarbonate solution is 100:3-5. (2) Fermentation of white ginseng residue The pretreated *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* residue is sterilized, and then the moisture content of the residue is adjusted to 60-65%. A compound microbial agent is inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3-6%. The fermentation is first controlled at 25-32℃ for 3-5 days, and then the fermentation temperature is adjusted to 35-40℃ for 2-3 days to obtain *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* fermentation residue. The compound microbial agent is composed of *Lactobacillus plantarum*, *Clostridium butyricum*, and *Aspergillus niger* in a live bacteria mass ratio of 1:1:

1. (3) Preparation of cultivation material The compound edible fungus residue is composed of 40-60% fermented residue of white ginseng fungus, 20-30% residue of oyster mushroom fungus, and 20-30% residue of shiitake mushroom fungus, according to the weight percentage. The golden ear fungus cultivation material is composed of 40-48% compound edible fungus residue, 30-38% cottonseed hulls, 5-10% sawdust, 10-15% wheat bran, 1% gypsum, and 1% sucrose, according to the weight percentage.

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