A fish transshipment and releasing system for a river section with large water level fluctuation and a running method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a large water level amplitude river section fish transshipment releasing system and a running method thereof, and relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection. The system comprises a fish collecting and transporting ship. The fish collecting and transporting ship is used for transporting fish to a transshipment vehicle through a transshipment releasing system. The transshipment releasing system is arranged along the top of a bank slope to the bottom of a river channel. The transshipment releasing system comprises a transshipment channel. A plurality of turnover plates are arranged on the water-facing surface of the transshipment channel in equal intervals from bottom to top. The top of the backwater surface of the transshipment channel is provided with a turnover door. A regulating plate is movably arranged in the transshipment channel. The regulating plate is of a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than that of water. A counterweight is arranged on the regulating plate. The water outlet of a water supplementing system is arranged on the water inlet at the bottom of the transshipment channel. The application provides an efficient and low-cost fish passing method for high dams and large reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower ecological protection technology, and in particular to a fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] To promote gene exchange among fish upstream and downstream of dams and mitigate the barrier effect of dam construction on aquatic ecosystems, most newly constructed high dam and large reservoir water conservancy and hydropower projects include fish passage facilities. These facilities primarily consist of fishways, fish lifts, and fish collection and transport systems. Fish lifts and fish collection and transport systems, after attracting and elevating fish downstream of the dam, are typically transported over long distances to the reservoir tail or tributary sections for release, ultimately achieving the entire process of fish migrating upstream over the dam. However, a significant challenge exists in the research of high dam fish passage systems: due to reservoir operation and scheduling, water level fluctuations at the reservoir tail often reach tens or even hundreds of meters. Since the mooring positions of transport vehicles or fish collection boats are fixed, the process of transferring fish from the water to the shore or vice versa cannot adapt to the large water level fluctuations of the reservoir. This leads to problems such as an increased selection range for fish passage facilities, operational difficulties, and excessive investment.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN115450160B discloses a fish transfer and release system and method for high dams, belonging to the fields of water conservancy and hydropower engineering and environmental protection engineering technology. The system includes a wharf platform, a winch, fish containers, and a railcar. The wharf platform is located on the upstream bank slope of the high dam. Several chutes are arranged side-by-side on the lower side of the wharf platform on the bank slope. The winch is located on the wharf platform, and the railcar is movably mounted on the chutes and connected to the winch. The fish containers are placed on the railcar. After the fish containers are placed on the railcar, the winch drives the railcar carrying the fish containers down to near the reservoir surface. Then, the fish in the fish containers are released into the reservoir. This release method minimizes the height difference between the fish containers and the reservoir surface, greatly reducing the damage to the fish caused by friction and impact during the release process. Although existing technical literature proposes technical solutions for fish passage facilities over high dams, significant challenges remain in practical applications: First, the engineering implementation cost is high; second, when dealing with water level fluctuations of hundreds of meters and frequent daily adjustment operations, the system energy consumption increases significantly, the operation process becomes relatively complex, and there are potential risks to operational safety and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations, aiming to solve the technical problems of high cost and high energy consumption in the existing technology of fish release in the face of high dams.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solution to achieve the above objectives: A fish transfer and release system for a river section with large water level fluctuations includes a fish collection vessel that transfers fish to a transfer vehicle via the transfer and release system. The transfer and release system is set along the top of the riverbank slope towards the bottom of the river channel. The system includes a transfer channel with several tilting plates spaced at equal intervals from bottom to top on the water-facing side. A tilting gate is located at the top of the backwater side of the transfer channel. A control plate is movable inside the transfer channel. The control plate has a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than water. A counterweight is installed on the control plate. A gate is located at the bottom of the transfer channel. An inlet is located on the side of the transfer channel near the gate. The inlet is connected to the outlet of a water replenishment system and is equipped with a valve.

[0006] Furthermore, the transfer channel has a rectangular cross-section, and guide rails are installed at the four corners of the inner side of the transfer channel.

[0007] Furthermore, the control plate is movably connected to the guide rail via a slider.

[0008] Furthermore, the water replenishment system includes a water pump connected to a water inlet pipe, with the outlet of the water inlet pipe connected to the inlet pipe; the elevation of the water pump is greater than the top elevation of the transfer and discharge system.

[0009] Furthermore, the rotating shafts of the plurality of flip plates are located at the bottom of the flip plates and the flip plates are switched on and off by a flip motor.

[0010] Furthermore, the hinge of the flip door is located at the bottom of the flip door and the opening and closing of the flip door is controlled by an electric cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, the control plate is made of materials including titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.

[0012] Furthermore, the gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate are determined based on the fish population in the designated river section, ensuring that the gaps do not impede water flow even when fish cannot pass through.

[0013] The operation method of the fish transfer and release system in river sections with large water level fluctuations includes the following steps: S1. When it is necessary to transfer fish from the fish collection vessel to the transfer vehicle, open the tilting plate that is at the same water level as the fish collection vessel according to the water level, so that the tilting plate is connected to the fish collection vessel and the fish to be transferred is transported from the fish collection vessel to the control plate. Then close the tilting plate and the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel, and start the water replenishment system to inject water into the transfer channel. As the water volume increases, the control plate automatically floats up and drives the fish to move towards the tilting gate. When the water level reaches the height of the tilting gate, open the tilting gate and connect the tilting gate to the transfer vehicle to transfer the fish to complete the transfer. S2. When fish need to be transferred from the transfer vehicle to the collection vessel, open the tipping gate to connect with the transfer vehicle, close the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel, and start the water replenishment system to inject water into the transfer channel. As the water volume increases, the control plate will automatically rise. When the water level reaches the height of the tipping gate, close the inlet valve to stop water injection, transport the fish from the transfer vehicle to the transfer channel, open the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel to gradually lower the water level in the transfer channel, and when the water level drops to the same height as the collection vessel, close the gate at the bottom of the transfer channel and open the tipping plate corresponding to the collection vessel to connect the tipping plate to the collection vessel, thus transferring the fish from the transfer channel to the collection vessel to complete the transfer.

[0014] Furthermore, the fish transport vessel is connected to a tipping plate via a pontoon.

[0015] Beneficial effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A fish transfer channel adapted to river sections with large water level fluctuations has been created. This invention establishes a channel extending from the top of the bank slope to the bottom of the river in reservoir areas, reservoir tails, or river sections downstream of dams with large water level fluctuations. Several flip-over plates are installed on the water-facing side of the channel, and a flip-over gate is installed on the back side of the channel top, forming an independently usable channel for transferring and releasing fish. This facilitates the transfer of fish from higher-elevation bank slopes to lower-elevation river sections, and also facilitates the transfer of fish from lower-elevation river sections to higher-elevation bank slopes. This provides a new design concept for fish transfer and release systems in high dams and large reservoirs (especially those with large water level fluctuations).

[0016] 2. An innovative portable and low-energy-consumption method for fish transfer and release has been developed. This invention breaks away from the previous design approach that relied on mechanical and electrical energy for fish transfer and release. A control plate that can slide up and down along a guide rail is installed on the fish transfer channel. The control plate is made of a material with a density less than water. Water is replenished through a water supply system at a higher elevation upstream, and water is drained through a gate at the bottom of the transfer channel. This dynamically controls the rise and fall of the water level within the transfer channel, allowing for seamless adaptation to changes in water level. By cleverly utilizing the buoyancy principle of the control plate and the water level control function, the vertical transfer and release of fish is achieved. This innovative low-energy-consumption fish transfer and release method provides a new type of fish transfer and release method that is energy-saving, uses high-quality materials, and is controllable in river sections with large water level fluctuations. It has broad application prospects in fish dam crossing systems for large reservoirs.

[0017] 3. A multi-condition fish transfer and release mode suitable for complex operating conditions has been constructed. This patent constructs three fish transfer and release modes under the conditions of fish passage facilities: "fish lifter + transfer vehicle + transfer and release system + fish collection vessel", "fish collection vessel + lock + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle", and "fish collection vessel + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle". It provides matching and applicable fish passage modes for various types of fish passage facilities for fish going upstream and downstream across dams.

[0018] 4. Compared with the prior art, the present invention reduces engineering investment and construction difficulty, and provides a new means of fish passage for high dams and large reservoirs. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This patent's fish release system layout diagram (fish lifter + transfer vehicle + transfer and release system + fish collection boat). Figure 2 This patent's fish release system layout diagram (fish collection vessel + lock + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle). Figure 3 This patent's fish release system layout diagram (fish collection vessel + transfer and release system + transfer vehicle). Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the low-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 5 Side view of the low-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 6 Cross-sectional view of the mid-water level transfer and release process; Figure 7 Side view of the mid-water level transfer and release process; Figure 8 Cross-sectional view of the high-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 9 Side view of the high-water-level transfer and release process; Figure 10 Detailed view of the control panel; Figure 11 Detailed diagram of the sluice gate. Reference numerals: 1-Dam; 2-Fish lift; 3-Transfer slide; 4-Transfer vehicle; 5-Transfer road; 6-Transfer and release system; 601-Transfer channel; 602-Inlet; 603-Top tilting gate; 604-Electric cylinder 1; 605-Tilting plate; 606-Control plate; 607-Guide rail; 608-Slider; 610-Tilting motor; 611-Gate; 7-Water replenishment system; 701-Water pump; 702-Water intake pipe; 8-Boom; 9-Fish collection vessel; 10-Sluice gate. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of this application will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] Example. A fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations, structural reference. Figures 4 to 11 The system includes a fish collection vessel 9, which transfers fish to a transfer vehicle 4 via a transfer and release system 6. The transfer and release system 6 is installed along the top of the riverbank slope towards the bottom of the river channel. The system includes a transfer channel 601, with several rotating plates 605 spaced evenly from bottom to top on the water-facing side. A rotating gate 603 is located at the top of the backwater side of the transfer channel 601. A control plate 606, which is a mesh structure made of a material with a density lower than water, is movably installed inside the transfer channel 601. A gate 611 is located at the bottom of the transfer channel 601, and an inlet 602 is located on the side of the transfer channel 601 adjacent to the gate 611. The inlet 602 is connected to the outlet of the water replenishment system 7 and is equipped with a valve. The transfer channel 601 has a rectangular cross-section, and guide rails are installed at the four corners of the inner side of the transfer channel 601. The control plate 606 is movably connected to the guide rails via a slider 608.

[0024] The water replenishment system 7 includes a water pump 701, which is connected to a water inlet pipe 702. The outlet of the water inlet pipe 702 is connected to the inlet pipe 602. The elevation of the water pump 701 is higher than the top elevation of the transfer and discharge system 6. The rotating shafts of the plurality of tilting plates 605 are located at the bottom of the tilting plates 605 and are controlled by a tilting motor 610. The rotating shaft of the tilting door 603 is located at the bottom of the tilting door 603 and is controlled by an electric cylinder 604. The transfer channel 601 is blocked by a flip-top door 603, which is opened as a connecting passage when fish need to be transferred. Several flip-top plates 605 are set at equal intervals from bottom to top to adapt to different water level conditions. The control plate 606 is made of a material with a density lower than water, which allows the control plate 606 to float in the water without external force. The movement direction of the control plate 606 is ensured by setting guide rails, so that when the water level rises and falls in the transfer channel 601, the control plate 606 moves in the direction of water level change and drives away the fish. The water pump 701 can be a water turbine pump, which uses water flow as power to pump water. At the same time, since the elevation of the water pump 701 is greater than the top elevation of the transfer and release system 6, the water injection operation into the transfer and release system 6 can be completed with low energy consumption by utilizing the height difference.

[0025] The control plate 606 is made of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy. The titanium alloy and aluminum alloy used in the control plate 606 are lightweight, high-strength, and corrosion-resistant, extending the service life of the control plate 606. Alternatively, aluminum can be used; through a special crystalline structure design, its density can be reduced to 0.61 g / cm², allowing it to float on water without relying on external structures or mechanisms.

[0026] The gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate 606 are determined according to the fish in the set river section, ensuring that the gaps do not affect the flow of water under the condition that fish cannot pass through, thereby realizing the function of changing the position of the control plate 606 to drive away fish.

[0027] The length of this transfer and release system 6 is determined based on the water flow conditions in the area where it is located.

[0028] A method for operating a fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuations includes the following steps: S1. When fish need to be transferred from the fish collection vessel 9 to the transfer vehicle 4, according to the water level, the tilting plate 605, which is at the same water level as the fish collection vessel 9, is opened, so that the tilting plate 605 is connected to the fish collection vessel 9. The fish to be transferred are transported from the fish collection vessel 9 to the control plate 606. Then, the tilting plate 605 and the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 are closed, and the water replenishment system 7 is turned on to inject water into the transfer channel 601. As the water volume increases, the control plate 606 automatically floats up and drives the fish to move towards the tilting gate 603. When the water level reaches the height of the tilting gate 603, the tilting gate 603 is finally opened. The tilting gate 603 is connected to the transfer vehicle 4, and the fish are transferred to the transfer vehicle 4 to complete the transfer. S2. When fish need to be transferred from the transfer vehicle 4 to the collection vessel 9, open the tilting door 603 to connect with the transfer vehicle 4, close the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601, and turn on the water replenishment system 7 to inject water into the transfer channel 601. As the water volume increases, the control plate 606 automatically floats up. When the water level reaches the height of the tilting door 603, close the valve of the inlet 602 to stop water injection, and transport the fish in the transfer vehicle 4 to the transfer channel 601. Open the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 to gradually lower the water level in the transfer channel 601. When the water level drops to the same height as the collection vessel 9, close the gate 611 at the bottom of the transfer channel 601 and open the tilting plate 605 corresponding to the collection vessel 9, so that the tilting plate 605 is connected to the collection vessel 9, and transport the fish from the transfer channel 601 to the collection vessel 9 to complete the transfer.

[0029] The fish collection vessel 9 is connected to the tilting plate 605 via a pontoon 8. The pontoon 8 increases the stability of the connection between the fish collection vessel 9 and the tilting plate 605.

[0030] By adopting the fish transfer and release system in this large water level fluctuation section, in conjunction with existing transfer measures such as transfer vehicle 4 and fish collection vessel 9, fish transfer work can be carried out, which can significantly reduce engineering investment and provide a new technical solution for efficient and low-cost transfer and release of fish and maintenance of the ecological environment of high dams.

[0031] The main application scenario of this invention is in areas with large water level fluctuations, such as tens or even hundreds of meters, upstream or downstream of a dam. The top of the transfer channel 601 is generally located at a point where it can connect with an existing or planned road, and the bottom of the transfer channel 601 is generally located below the lowest operating water level in the river section above or below the dam. The entire transfer and release system 6 is generally located on the bank slope above or below the dam where the geological conditions are stable.

[0032] This invention adopts different arrangement methods when facing different fish passage facility conditions, such as... Figure 1As shown, when the dam 1 is equipped with a fish lifter 2, the fish downstream are collected in the transfer vehicle 4 along the transfer slide 3 by the fish lifter 2. The transfer vehicle 4 transports the fish to the transfer and release system 6 upstream of the dam 1 via the transfer road 5. The transfer and release system 6 transports the fish to the collection and transport boat 9, and then the collection and transport boat 9 transports the fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable section of the tributary for release. like Figure 2 As shown, when a lock 10 is installed on the dam 1, the fish collection vessel 9 first attracts and transfers fish downstream of the dam 1. The fish collection vessel 9 enters the upstream of the dam 1 through the lock 10, and then the fish are transported to the transfer vehicle 4 through the transfer and release system 6. Finally, the transfer vehicle 4 transports the fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable section of the tributary for release. like Figure 3 As shown, when the dam 1 does not have a fish lift 2 or a lock 10, the transfer and release system 6 is arranged downstream of the dam 1. Fish are attracted and transferred by the fish collection boat 9, and then the fish in the fish collection boat 9 are transported to the transfer vehicle 4 by the transfer and release system 6. The transfer vehicle 4 then transports the fish to the tail of the reservoir or a suitable section of the tributary for release.

[0033] Obviously, the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any combination, modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, and all other embodiments that can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fish transfer and release system for a river section with large water level fluctuations, comprising a fish collection vessel (9), which transfers fish to a transfer vehicle (4) via a transfer and release system (6), characterized in that: The transfer and release system (6) is set from the top of the bank slope to the bottom of the river channel. The transfer and release system (6) includes a transfer channel (601). Several flip plates (605) are set at equal intervals from bottom to top on the water-facing side of the transfer channel (601). A flip gate (603) is set at the top of the back side of the transfer channel (601). A control plate (606) is set inside the transfer channel (601). The control plate (606) is a mesh structure and is made of a material with a density lower than that of water. A gate (611) is set at the bottom of the transfer channel (601). An inlet (602) is set on the side of the transfer channel (601) near the gate (611). The inlet (602) is connected to the outlet of the water replenishment system (7). A valve is set on the inlet (602). The rotating shafts of the plurality of flip plates (605) are set at the bottom of the flip plate (605) and the flip plate (605) is controlled by a flip motor (610). When the flip plate (605) is opened, it is connected to the fish collection boat (9). The pivot of the flip door (603) is located at the bottom of the flip door (603) and the opening and closing of the flip door (603) is controlled by an electric cylinder (604). When the flip door (603) is open, it serves as a connection passage.

2. The fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-section of the transfer channel (601) is rectangular, and guide rails (607) are provided at the four corners of the inner side of the transfer channel (601).

3. The fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control plate (606) is movably connected to the guide rail (607) via a slider (608).

4. The fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water replenishment system (7) includes a water pump (701), which is connected to a water inlet pipe (702). The outlet of the water inlet pipe (702) is connected to the inlet pipe (602). The elevation of the water pump (701) is greater than the top elevation of the transfer and discharge system (6).

5. The fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control plate (606) is made of titanium alloy and aluminum alloy.

6. The fish transfer and release system for river sections with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gaps in the mesh structure of the control plate (606) are determined according to the fish species in the set river section, ensuring that the gaps do not affect the flow of water under conditions where fish cannot pass through.

7. The operation method of the fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuations according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. When it is necessary to transfer fish from the fish collection vessel (9) to the transfer vehicle (4), according to the water level, open the flip plate (605) which is on the same water level as the fish collection vessel (9) so that the flip plate (605) is connected to the fish collection vessel (9) and the fish to be transferred is transported from the fish collection vessel (9) to the pre-control plate (606). Then close the flip plate (605) and the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601), and turn on the water replenishment system (7) to inject water into the transfer channel (601). As the water volume increases, the control plate (606) automatically floats up and drives the fish to move towards the flip gate (603). When the water level reaches the height of the flip gate (603), open the flip gate (603) and connect the flip gate (603) to the transfer vehicle (4) to transfer the fish to the transfer vehicle (4) to complete the transfer. S2. When fish need to be transferred from the transfer vehicle (4) to the collection vessel (9), open the tipping door (603) to connect with the transfer vehicle (4), close the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601), and turn on the water replenishment system (7) to inject water into the transfer channel (601). As the water volume increases, the control plate (606) automatically rises. When the water level reaches the height of the tipping door (603), close the valve of the inlet (602) to stop injecting water and transport the fish in the transfer vehicle (4) to the transfer channel. In (601), the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) is opened, so that the water level in the transfer channel (601) gradually decreases. When the water level decreases to the same height as the fish collection boat (9), the gate (611) at the bottom of the transfer channel (601) is closed, and the flip plate (605) corresponding to the fish collection boat (9) is opened, so that the flip plate (605) is connected to the fish collection boat (9), and the fish are transferred from the transfer channel (601) to the fish collection boat (9) to complete the transfer.

8. The operation method of the fish transfer and release system in a river section with large water level fluctuation as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The fish collection vessel (9) is connected to the tipping plate (605) via a barge (8).

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