Controllable radiation type crosstalk product generating microstrip antenna array and design method

Abstract

The application discloses a controllable radiation type intermodulation product generating microstrip antenna array and a design method thereof. The controllable radiation type intermodulation product generating microstrip antenna array comprises a power divider, a plurality of patch antennas and intermodulation signal generating modules. The input end of each patch antenna is connected to an output end of the power divider, and each patch antenna is provided with an intermodulation signal generating module in correspondence, and the output end of each intermodulation signal generating module is connected to the input end of the corresponding patch antenna. The circuit structure of the controllable radiation type intermodulation product generating microstrip antenna array is simple, and the production cost is reduced. In addition, the new harmonic frequency generated by the intermodulation phenomenon is utilized to realize nonlinear spread spectrum, effectively improve the channel capacity of the wireless communication system, accurately control the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by the intermodulation while not interfering with the linear beam, and further optimize the performance of the wireless communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products and its design method. Background Technology

[0002] Intermodulation distortion (IM) is a common signal distortion phenomenon in high-power and wireless communication systems, primarily caused by nonlinear effects within the system. This problem has long been a major challenge in high-power antenna design. With the development of wireless communication technology, effectively improving channel capacity has become a current research hotspot.

[0003] Currently, existing research on antenna arrays mainly focuses on the measurement and control of conducted IM products. There are many methods to realize controllable IM products through circuit design. Although the traditional circuit structure for realizing controllable IM products can achieve nonlinear spread spectrum, the structure is complex, resulting in high cost, and the channel capacity of wireless communication systems still needs to be improved.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need to be improved and developed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a microstrip antenna array and design method for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products, so as to solve the problems that although the traditional circuit structure for realizing controllable intermodulation interference products can achieve nonlinear spread spectrum, it is complex in structure, resulting in high cost, and the channel capacity of wireless communication system still needs to be improved.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: to provide a controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array, including: a power divider, several patch antennas and an intermodulation signal generation module;

[0007] The power divider is used to receive radio frequency signals and perform power distribution.

[0008] Each patch antenna has its input terminal connected to one output terminal of the power divider, and each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding intermodulation signal generation module. The output terminal of each intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna. The intermodulation signal generation module is used to receive the output signal of the power divider and generate an intermodulation signal after the excitation signal is received. The patch antenna is used to receive the output signal of the power divider and radiate the intermodulation signal output by the corresponding intermodulation signal generation module.

[0009] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the number of output ports of the power divider is equal to the number of patch antennas.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the power divider is an equal-division power divider.

[0011] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the intermodulation signal generation module is a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, and each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit. The output terminal of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is connected to the input terminal of the power divider and the corresponding patch antenna.

[0012] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the excitation signal is a DC bias voltage signal.

[0013] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array further includes: a DC bias voltage output module, connected to the intermodulation signal generation module, for outputting a DC bias voltage signal to the intermodulation signal generation module.

[0014] The present invention also provides a design method for a microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products as described above, the design method comprising:

[0015] The number of patch antennas is determined, and the power divider is determined according to the number of patch antennas, wherein a plurality of patch antennas are provided, and the input terminal of each patch antenna is connected to one output terminal of the power divider;

[0016] An intermodulation signal generation module is set according to the number of patch antennas. Each patch antenna is provided with one intermodulation signal generation module, and the output terminal of the intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna.

[0017] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the number of output ports of the power divider is equal to the number of patch antennas.

[0018] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the power divider is an equal-division power divider.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the intermodulation signal generation module includes a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, and each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit. The output terminal of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is connected to the input terminal of the power divider and the corresponding patch antenna.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention discloses a controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array and its design method. The controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array includes: a power divider, several patch antennas, and an intermodulation signal generation module; the input terminal of each patch antenna is connected to one output terminal of the power divider, and each patch antenna is correspondingly provided with an intermodulation signal generation module. The output terminal of each intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna. The intermodulation signal generation module is used to receive the output signal of the power divider and generate an intermodulation signal after receiving an excitation signal. The patch antennas are used to receive the output signal of the power divider and radiate the intermodulation signal output by the corresponding intermodulation signal generation module. The circuit structure of this controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array is simple, reducing production costs. In addition, by utilizing the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon, nonlinear spread spectrum is achieved, effectively improving the channel capacity of the wireless communication system. Furthermore, each patch antenna is connected to the output port of a power divider and an intermodulation signal generation module, enabling precise control of the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference without interfering with the generation of a linear beam, thereby optimizing the performance of the wireless communication system. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of the microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiative intermodulation interference products according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a process for verifying the generation of a microstrip antenna array from controllable radiative intermodulation interference products in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the design method for generating microstrip antenna arrays with controllable radiative intermodulation interference products according to the present invention.

[0026] The labels in the attached diagram are as follows: 10, patch antenna; 20, intermodulation signal generation module; 30, power divider. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this invention, specific embodiments are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "front," "rear," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "longitudinal," "horizontal," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "head," and "tail" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are constructed and operated in a specific orientation. They are only for the convenience of describing this technical solution and do not indicate that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] Intermodulation distortion (IM) is a common signal distortion phenomenon in high-power and wireless communication systems, primarily caused by nonlinear effects within the system. This problem has long been a major challenge in high-power antenna design. With the development of wireless communication technology, effectively improving channel capacity has become a current research hotspot.

[0029] Currently, existing research on antenna arrays mainly focuses on the measurement and control of conducted inter-modulation (PIM) products. Many methods exist for achieving controllable PIM products through circuit design. For example, patent CN118158039A discloses an antenna structure and method for reducing passive intermodulation effects. The components include a helix, a multi-via flange, and a disc-shaped metal ground plane. The feeding method uses back-coaxial feeding. Key technologies include increasing the contact tightness between the flange and the ground plane, increasing the radius of the helix, and adding vias to the flange. By combining these three techniques, the current density flowing through the helix is ​​reduced, and the loop current density between the flange and the metal ground plane is reduced, thereby achieving the goal of reducing the passive intermodulation (PIM) radiation level of the entire helical antenna. This invention has a wide range of applications, optimizes the antenna structure, and has a certain degree of innovation. For example, patent CN106053534A discloses a broadband non-contact passive intermodulation (IM) testing device for coated metal based on a transmission line structure. This device includes a microstrip transmission line, a first low-frequency coaxial connector, a second low-frequency coaxial connector, and a PIM tester. During operation, the microstrip transmission line serves as the carrier for the metal substrate under test. The substrate is placed in a dielectric layer, and the electromagnetic field generated by the upper conductor is used to excite the substrate in the dielectric layer using a non-contact electromagnetic field perturbation method, causing the generated passive intermodulation signal to be transmitted to the PIM tester. There is much research on similar conductive IM measurement devices. While traditional circuit structures for realizing controllable IM products can achieve nonlinear spread spectrum, their complex structure leads to high costs, and the channel capacity of wireless communication systems still needs improvement. In particular, research on how to utilize radiating IM products for communication is currently lacking, limiting the potential application of IM in wireless communication systems.

[0030] Based on the above technical issues, such as Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array. This controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array may include a power divider 30, several patch antennas 10, and an intermodulation signal generation module 20. The power divider 30 is used to receive radio frequency signals and perform power distribution. The input terminal of each patch antenna 10 is connected to one output terminal of the power divider 30, and each patch antenna 10 is correspondingly provided with an intermodulation signal generation module 20. The output terminal of each intermodulation signal generation module 20 is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna 10. The intermodulation signal generation module 20 is used to receive the output signal of the power divider 30 and generate an intermodulation signal after receiving an excitation signal. The patch antennas 10 are used to receive the output signal of the power divider 30 and radiate the intermodulation signal output by the corresponding intermodulation signal generation module 20.

[0031] Specifically, the patch antenna 10 can be configured as a 1×4 microstrip patch antenna 10 array, that is, an array composed of four microstrip patch antennas 10. Correspondingly, the power divider 30 is selected as a power divider 30 with four output ports. Each output port of the power divider 30 is connected to the input terminal of a microstrip patch antenna 10. Similarly, each microstrip patch antenna 10 is provided with an intermodulation signal generation module 20. The output terminal of each intermodulation signal generation module 20 is connected to the input terminal of its corresponding microstrip patch antenna 10, and the input terminal of the intermodulation signal generation module 20 is connected to the excitation signal.

[0032] Of course, several patch antennas 10 can also be combined to form a loop antenna array or a dipole antenna array to achieve nonlinear beam control, which will not be further limited here.

[0033] In practical applications, the controlled-radiation type intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array (also known as a frequency generation array, FGA) generates an intermodulation signal after the excitation signal is received by the intermodulation signal generation module 20. Simultaneously, the microstrip patch antenna 10 receives the output signal from the output terminal of the power divider 30 and radiates the corresponding intermodulation signal generated by the intermodulation signal generation module 20.

[0034] In this embodiment, each microstrip patch antenna 10 is correspondingly provided with an intermodulation signal generation module 20, enabling overall intermodulation beam control between each microstrip patch antenna 10 and its corresponding intermodulation signal generation module 20. Utilizing the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon, nonlinear spread spectrum is achieved, effectively improving the channel capacity of the wireless communication system. Furthermore, while generating a linear beam, the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference is precisely controlled, thereby optimizing the performance of the wireless communication system. This also provides a new perspective for standardized testing of intermodulation interference and optimization of the nonlinear spectrum. The circuit structure of this controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array is simple, reducing production costs. Additionally, utilizing the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon to achieve nonlinear spread spectrum effectively improves the channel capacity of the wireless communication system. Each patch antenna is connected to the output port of a power divider and the intermodulation signal generation module, enabling precise control of the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference without interfering with the generation of a linear beam, thus optimizing the performance of the wireless communication system. This also provides a new perspective for standardized testing of intermodulation interference and optimization of the nonlinear spectrum.

[0035] In some embodiments, the number of output ports of the power divider 30 is equal to the number of patch antennas 10.

[0036] Specifically, the number of output ports of the power divider 30 is equal to the number of patch antennas 10, that is, each output port of the power divider 30 can be connected to the input terminal of a patch antenna 10. The power divider 30 can be configured as an equal-division power divider 30.

[0037] In one specific embodiment, the power divider 30 may be a Wilkinson power divider 30.

[0038] In some embodiments, the intermodulation signal generation module 20 is a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit. Each patch antenna 10 is provided with a corresponding third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit. The output terminal of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is connected to the power divider 30 and the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna 10.

[0039] Specifically, a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is any circuit capable of generating a third-order intermodulation signal. For example, after determining a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, different types of diodes or circuit topologies can be used on its basis to optimize performance or adapt to different operating frequencies. Therefore, the specific circuit structure of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is not limited here. The third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is a commonly used circuit structure; therefore, setting the intermodulation signal generation module 20 as a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit can reduce costs.

[0040] Furthermore, the excitation signal is a DC bias voltage signal.

[0041] Specifically, the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array also includes a DC bias voltage output module, which is connected to the intermodulation signal generation module 20. The DC bias voltage output module outputs a DC bias voltage signal to the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, so that the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit generates a third-order intermodulation signal. The third-order intermodulation signal serves as the input source of the patch antenna 10, and the patch antenna 10 radiates the third-order intermodulation signal.

[0042] Specifically, the amplitude and phase of the DC bias voltage signal output by the circuit that generates the DC bias voltage signal can be controlled to adjust the amplitude and phase of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, thereby achieving precise control of the nonlinear beam radiation direction at the frequency of the third-order intermodulation signal. Within a specific voltage range, the beam angle of the third-order intermodulation signal can be adjusted independently, while the 10-frequency beam of the patch antenna is not affected by the nonlinear beam tuning, so that the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array remains stable throughout the tuning process.

[0043] In this embodiment, the DC bias voltage output module can be any DC bias voltage output circuit capable of achieving the above functions, and no further limitations are imposed here.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is a circuit structure with a Schottky diode, such as... Figure 2 As shown, in verifying the microstrip antenna array for generating controlled radiating intermodulation interference products, the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit was simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS, Electronic Design Automation) software to obtain the amplitude and phase data of the third-order intermodulation signals generated by the Schottky diodes under different DC bias voltage signals. Furthermore, the amplitude and phase data of the third-order intermodulation signals obtained from the ADS software were input to the input terminal of the patch antenna 10 of the microstrip antenna array for generating controlled radiating intermodulation interference products, simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) prototype was constructed using ADS software, and the physical microstrip antenna array for generating controlled radiating intermodulation interference products was manufactured. Finally, performance verification was performed.

[0045] The performance verification process includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter comprises two signal generators, a synthesizer, a DC power supply, and a physical microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products (IMEP). The two signal transmitters are connected to the input of the synthesizer, and the output of the synthesizer is connected to the input of the power divider 30. The AC signal generation module in the physical microstrip antenna array for generating IEP is connected to the DC power supply, which outputs a DC bias voltage signal to the IEP signal generation module 20. Each IEP signal generation module 20 corresponds to a DC power supply. The consistency between the theoretical and measurement results is verified by measuring the far-field radiation pattern of the physical microstrip antenna array for generating IEP. The receiver is a receiving antenna.

[0046] In this embodiment, one signal generator generates a signal with a frequency of 2620MHz, and another signal generator generates a signal with a frequency of 2676MHz. These signals are combined by a synthesizer into a single signal containing both 2620MHz and 2676MHz frequencies. The combined signal is then output to a controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array, which radiates a third-order intermodulation signal with a frequency of 2564MHz.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a design method for a microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products as described above. This design method includes the following steps:

[0048] S100. Determine the number of patch antennas and determine the power divider based on the number of patch antennas. There are several patch antennas, and the input terminal of each patch antenna is connected to one output terminal of the power divider.

[0049] S200. Set up an intermodulation signal generation module according to the number of patch antennas. Each patch antenna has a corresponding intermodulation signal generation module, and the output terminal of the intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna.

[0050] Specifically, the input terminal of each patch antenna is connected to the output port of the power divider and also to an intermodulation signal generation module. The patch antenna can be configured as a 1×4 microstrip patch antenna array, i.e., an array consisting of four microstrip patch antennas. Correspondingly, the power divider is selected with four output ports, each output port of which is connected to the input terminal of a microstrip patch antenna. Similarly, each microstrip patch antenna is equipped with an intermodulation signal generation module, the output terminal of which is connected to the input terminal of its corresponding microstrip patch antenna, and the input terminal of the intermodulation signal generation module is connected to an excitation signal.

[0051] In practical applications, this controlled-radiation intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array works as follows: after the excitation signal is received by the intermodulation signal generation module, the intermodulation signal generation module receives the output signal from the power divider and generates an intermodulation signal. At the same time, the microstrip patch antenna receives the output signal from the power divider and radiates the corresponding intermodulation signal generated by the intermodulation signal generation module.

[0052] In this embodiment, each microstrip patch antenna is equipped with an intermodulation signal generation module, and each microstrip patch antenna is connected to the output port of a power divider. The circuit structure of the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array designed by this method is simple, reducing production costs. In addition, by utilizing the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon, nonlinear spread spectrum is achieved, effectively improving the channel capacity of the wireless communication system. Furthermore, the connection of each patch antenna to the output port of a power divider and the intermodulation signal generation module allows for precise control of the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference without interfering with the generation of linear beams, thereby optimizing the performance of the wireless communication system. Of course, it also provides a new perspective for the standardized testing of intermodulation interference and the optimization of nonlinear spectrum.

[0053] In some embodiments, the number of output ports of the power divider is equal to the number of patch antennas. This is as described in the specific embodiment of the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array above, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] In some embodiments, the power divider is an equal-division power divider. Specific details are as described in the above embodiment of a microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] In some embodiments, the intermodulation signal generation module is a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit. Each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, and the output of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is connected to the power divider and the input of the corresponding patch antenna. This is as described in the specific embodiment of the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array above, and will not be repeated here.

[0056] It should be noted that the description of the above embodiments of the design method for generating microstrip antenna arrays of controllable radiating intermodulation interference products is similar to the description of the above embodiments of the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array, and has similar beneficial effects. For technical details not disclosed in the embodiments of the design method for generating microstrip antenna arrays of controllable radiating intermodulation interference products, please refer to the description of the embodiments of the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array of this invention for understanding.

[0057] In summary, this invention provides a microstrip antenna array and design method for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0058] The circuit structure of the microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products is simple, reducing production costs. In addition, by utilizing the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon, nonlinear spread spectrum is achieved, effectively improving the channel capacity of the wireless communication system. Furthermore, each patch antenna is connected to the output port of a power divider and an intermodulation signal generation module, enabling precise control of the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference without interfering with the generation of linear beams, thereby optimizing the performance of the wireless communication system.

[0059] It is understood that the above embodiments only illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can freely combine the above technical features without departing from the concept of the present invention, and can also make several modifications and improvements, all of which fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent transformations and modifications made with respect to the scope of the claims of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiation-type intermodulation interference products, characterized in that, include: Power divider, several patch antennas, and intermodulation signal generation module; The power divider is used to receive radio frequency signals and perform power distribution. Each patch antenna has its input terminal connected to one output terminal of the power divider, and each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding intermodulation signal generation module. The output terminal of each intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna. The intermodulation signal generation module is used to receive the output signal of the power divider and generate an intermodulation signal after the excitation signal is received. The patch antenna is used to receive the output signal of the power divider and radiate the intermodulation signal output by the corresponding intermodulation signal generation module. Each microstrip patch antenna and its corresponding intermodulation signal generation module can achieve overall intermodulation beam control, using the new harmonic frequencies generated by the intermodulation phenomenon to achieve nonlinear spread spectrum; while controlling the direction of the nonlinear beam generated by intermodulation interference without interfering with the generation of linear beams. The excitation signal is a DC bias voltage signal; the intermodulation signal generation module is a third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit; by controlling the amplitude and phase of the DC bias voltage signal to adjust the amplitude and phase of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, the nonlinear beam radiation direction at the frequency of the third-order intermodulation signal can be controlled, and the beam angle of the third-order intermodulation signal can be independently adjusted within a specific voltage range. At the same time, the frequency beam of the patch antenna is not affected by the nonlinear beam tuning, so that the controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array remains stable throughout the tuning process.

2. The microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiation-type intermodulation interference products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of output ports of the power divider is equal to the number of patch antennas.

3. The microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiation-type intermodulation interference products according to claim 2, characterized in that, The power divider is an equal-division power divider.

4. The microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiation-type intermodulation interference products according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each patch antenna is provided with a corresponding third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit, and the output of the third-order intermodulation signal generation circuit is connected to the power divider and the input of the corresponding patch antenna.

5. The microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiation-type intermodulation interference products according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable radiating intermodulation interference product generation microstrip antenna array further includes: a DC bias voltage output module, connected to the intermodulation signal generation module, for outputting a DC bias voltage signal to the intermodulation signal generation module.

6. A design method for a microstrip antenna array for generating controllable radiating intermodulation interference products as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The design method includes: The number of patch antennas is determined, and the power divider is determined according to the number of patch antennas, wherein a plurality of patch antennas are provided, and the input terminal of each patch antenna is connected to one output terminal of the power divider; An intermodulation signal generation module is set according to the number of patch antennas. Each patch antenna is provided with one intermodulation signal generation module, and the output terminal of the intermodulation signal generation module is connected to the input terminal of the corresponding patch antenna.

Images