A wastewater treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions

Abstract

This application discloses a wastewater treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, relating to the field of wastewater treatment technology. The disclosed wastewater treatment device and method for high-altitude and cold regions effectively prevents wastewater from freezing and maintains microbial activity through the synergistic effect of an integrated steel structure main body, a heat insulation and heating system, and an aeration reaction zone. Combined with dynamic temperature compensation and precise aeration control, it significantly improves the efficiency and stability of wastewater treatment in high-altitude and cold environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wastewater treatment technology, and in particular to a wastewater treatment device and method suitable for cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] In high-altitude and cold regions, traditional wastewater treatment plants face numerous challenges. Extremely low temperatures cause wastewater to freeze easily, leading to pipe blockages and equipment damage. Furthermore, low temperatures reduce microbial activity, affecting treatment efficiency. Most wastewater treatment plants on the market are designed for warmer or more temperate regions, failing to meet the specific needs of high-altitude and cold areas. Specifically, existing technologies suffer from the following problems: First, the lack of an effective insulation and heating system makes it impossible to guarantee temperature stability during wastewater transport and treatment; second, the inadequate design of the aeration system makes it difficult to maintain stable dissolved oxygen concentrations and microbial activity under low-temperature conditions; third, insufficient temperature control in the sedimentation and ultrafiltration zones affects treatment efficiency; and finally, the lack of a mechanism for introducing low-temperature resistant microbial strains specifically designed for high-altitude and cold environments. These problems severely restrict the operational efficiency and stability of wastewater treatment plants in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0003] The above content is only used to help understand the technical solution of this application and does not represent an admission that the above content is prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main purpose of this application is to provide a wastewater treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, aiming to improve the operating efficiency and stability of wastewater treatment devices in high-altitude and cold regions.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application proposes a wastewater treatment device suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, the device comprising:

[0006] The integrated steel structure has an internal mixing zone, an aeration reaction zone, a sedimentation zone, an ultrafiltration zone, and a sludge temporary storage zone. The mixing zone is equipped with a sewage inlet pipe for connecting to external sewage. The mixing zone is connected to the aeration reaction zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the aeration reaction zone is connected to the sedimentation zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the top of the sedimentation zone is connected to the ultrafiltration zone via a sewage transmission pipe, and the bottom of the sedimentation zone is connected to the sludge temporary storage zone via a sludge transmission pipe.

[0007] The heat preservation and heating system includes a sewage preheating component, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape, and an insulation shell. The sewage preheating component is installed in the sewage inlet pipe for preheating sewage. The temperature-limiting electric heating tape is installed in the sewage transmission pipe. The insulation shell covers the integrated steel structure body.

[0008] The aeration reaction zone includes:

[0009] An aeration assembly, comprising an aeration main pipe and multiple aeration branch pipes, wherein the multiple aeration branch pipes are connected to the aeration main pipe and are evenly distributed within the aeration reaction zone, for supplying oxygen to the aeration reaction zone;

[0010] A low-temperature resistant bacterial inoculum dispensing component is used to add cold-resistant bacterial inoculum to the aeration reaction zone;

[0011] The aeration control component is used to monitor and adjust the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration reaction zone at less than 1 mg / L and the MLSS concentration at more than 5000 mg / L.

[0012] In one embodiment, the wastewater preheating assembly includes a three-stage series heat exchanger to heat the wastewater step by step. The first-stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone for heat exchange, the second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third-stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0013] In one embodiment, a distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electrothermal film corresponding to the temperature sensors are disposed on the top of the ultrafiltration zone. The flexible electrothermal film is used to perform local temperature compensation in the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensor detects a temperature difference greater than a preset temperature.

[0014] In one embodiment, a baffle wall is provided between the sedimentation zone and the aeration reaction zone, and the baffle wall is provided with water passage holes.

[0015] Furthermore, to achieve the above objectives, this application also proposes a wastewater treatment method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, the method comprising:

[0016] External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe, the sewage is preheated using a sewage preheating component, and then the preheated sewage is transported to the mixing zone.

[0017] In the mixing zone, preheated wastewater is mixed with return wastewater from the aeration reaction zone to form mixed wastewater, which is then transported to the aeration reaction zone through a wastewater transmission pipeline.

[0018] In the aeration reaction zone, dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration are monitored in real time by the aeration control component. The air volume of the aeration branch pipe is adjusted to keep the dissolved oxygen concentration stable at less than 1 mg / L. At the same time, low-temperature resistant bacteria are intermittently added by the low-temperature resistant bacteria inoculation component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

[0019] After treatment in the aeration reaction zone, part of the wastewater is returned to the mixing zone, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone for sludge-water separation. The supernatant after separation enters the ultrafiltration zone, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage zone.

[0020] The supernatant is filtered in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets discharge standards.

[0021] In one embodiment, the steps of receiving external sewage through a sewage inlet pipe, preheating the sewage using a sewage preheating component, and then conveying the preheated sewage to a mixing zone include:

[0022] External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe and heated step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0023] The inlet water temperature of the mixing zone is monitored in real time. When the water temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary heater is started to raise the temperature using a preset heating plastic step temperature. During the preheating process, a compound antifreeze agent is added to the wastewater.

[0024] In one embodiment, the step of monitoring dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration in real time through an aeration control component in the aeration reaction zone, and adjusting the air volume of the aeration branch pipe to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L includes:

[0025] Dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud maps are collected at preset time intervals using the aeration control component;

[0026] When the concentration in more than 70% of the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the aeration branch valves closest to the sedimentation zone should be closed sequentially, with each closure not exceeding 20% ​​of the total number of branch valves.

[0027] When the concentration in the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L in areas below 40%, the aeration branch pipes near the mixing zone should be opened first until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L.

[0028] In one embodiment, the step of intermittently adding cryogenically resistant bacteria using a cryogenically resistant bacterial inoculation component to maintain an MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L includes:

[0029] The cryogenic bacteria, which include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, are intermittently added using a cryogenic bacteria delivery component. The live bacteria ratio of the two is 2:1, and the delivery rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h.

[0030] Before each addition of low-temperature resistant bacteria, the water temperature should be checked. If the water temperature is greater than 5℃, add 50mg / L. If the water temperature is less than 5℃, add a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose at the same time.

[0031] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0032] The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time by a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously returned to the aeration reaction zone at a rate of 10% of the total amount per hour. At the same time, the sludge is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes of return to allow dissolved oxygen to recover.

[0033] When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, pulse-type recirculation is performed 3 times per hour, with each recirculation lasting 10 seconds and the recirculation flow rate maintained at 200-300 L / s;

[0034] When the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge storage time is extended to 1.5 times the original cycle, and a 10-second disturbance operation is performed every 15 minutes by a cyclone agitator installed at the bottom of the sludge storage area.

[0035] In one embodiment, the step of filtering the supernatant in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets discharge standards includes:

[0036] A dual-layer cross-flow filtration system was constructed using hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane modules, with the outer membrane having a pore size of 0.03 μm and the inner membrane having a pore size of 0.1 μm, and the operating pressure gradient was maintained at 0.20 MPa.

[0037] When the transmembrane pressure difference increase exceeds 20 kPa / h, the gas-water combined backflushing procedure is started. The backflushing water is a mixture of supernatant from the sedimentation zone and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution.

[0038] When the distributed temperature sensor array in the ultrafiltration zone detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds the preset temperature, it triggers the flexible electrothermal film in the corresponding area to perform local temperature compensation.

[0039] This application provides a wastewater treatment device and method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions. Through the synergistic effect of the integrated steel structure, the heat insulation and heating system, and the aeration reaction zone, it effectively prevents wastewater from freezing and maintains microbial activity. Combined with dynamic temperature compensation and precise aeration control, it significantly improves the efficiency and stability of wastewater treatment in high-altitude and cold environments. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a wastewater treatment device applicable to high-altitude and cold regions according to an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a wastewater treatment method applicable to high-altitude and cold regions according to this application;

[0044] Figure 3 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flowchart of step S100;

[0045] Figure 4 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flowchart of one embodiment of step S300 is provided;

[0046] Figure 5 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flowchart is provided for another embodiment of step S300;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another embodiment of the wastewater treatment method applicable to high-altitude and cold regions according to this application.

[0048] Figure 7 For this application Figure 2 A detailed flowchart of step S500.

[0049] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0050] 1. Ultrafiltration zone; 2. Equipment zone; 3. Sedimentation zone; 4. Mixing zone; 5. Baffle wall; 6. Insulated outer shell; 7. Main aeration pipe; 8. Aeration reaction zone; 9. Aeration branch pipe; 10. Sludge temporary storage zone.

[0051] The purpose, features, and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The technical solutions of this application will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0054] While existing wastewater treatment technologies have developed into relatively mature systems for use in normal temperature environments, they face significant challenges when applied in cold regions. Low temperatures cause wastewater to freeze and clog pipes during transport, reduce biochemical reaction rates due to decreased microbial activity, and the lack of effective insulation in traditional equipment leads to a substantial decrease in treatment efficiency. For example, conventional aeration systems cannot maintain suitable dissolved oxygen levels under low temperatures, and deteriorated sludge settling properties result in unstable solid-liquid separation. These shortcomings severely limit the applicability of existing equipment in extreme climatic environments.

[0055] To address the aforementioned issues, the research and development process first focused on the destructive impact of high-altitude and cold environments on the biochemical treatment unit. Analysis of the correlation curves between microbial metabolism and temperature revealed an exponential decline in bacterial activity when the water temperature falls below a critical value. Therefore, a system capable of stably maintaining the temperature of the biochemical reaction zone was required. Simultaneously, to address the issue of uneven oxygen supply leading to dissolved oxygen concentration fluctuations in traditional aeration systems, a solution combining multi-stage aeration and real-time control was proposed. For the deterioration of sludge settling performance, a combination of zoned enhanced sedimentation and ultrafiltration was employed to improve separation efficiency.

[0056] Therefore, refer to Figure 1 This application proposes a wastewater treatment device comprising an integrated steel structure and a thermal insulation and heating system. The integrated steel structure is internally divided into a mixing zone 4, an aeration reaction zone 8, a sedimentation zone 3, an ultrafiltration zone 1, and a sludge storage zone 10, with directional material transfer between these zones achieved through pipelines. The thermal insulation and heating system consists of wastewater preheating components, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape, and an insulation shell 6, covering temperature control requirements throughout the entire process from influent to treatment. The aeration reaction zone 8 is equipped with a network of main aeration pipes 7 and distributed aeration branch pipes 9, achieving precise aeration control in conjunction with dissolved oxygen and sludge concentration monitoring devices, and is equipped with a low-temperature resistant bacterial inoculation device to maintain high biomass activity.

[0057] In this embodiment, the integrated steel structure refers to a structure that integrates various functional units of wastewater treatment into the same enclosed space. Specifically, it can be implemented using modular welded steel plates. This structure reduces heat loss by minimizing the external heat exchange area. The insulation shell 6 refers to the insulation layer wrapped around the treatment unit. Specifically, it can be implemented using a composite structure of polyurethane foam and aluminum foil reflective layer, which maintains the internal temperature stability of the device by blocking internal and external heat conduction. The temperature-limiting electric heating tape refers to the heating element deployed along the material transport path. Specifically, it can be implemented using a self-regulating conductive polymer material, which automatically adjusts the heating power to prevent icing by sensing the pipe surface temperature. The low-temperature resistant microbial inoculation component is a device for supplementing the biochemical reaction zone with low-temperature adaptable microorganisms. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of a peristaltic pump and a microbial storage tank. This component ensures treatment efficiency by periodically replenishing highly active microorganisms. The aeration control component is a control system that regulates the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency of the biochemical reaction zone. Specifically, it can be implemented using a dissolved oxygen sensor and a solenoid valve linkage control, which maintains a low dissolved oxygen environment by dynamically adjusting the opening of the aeration branch pipe 9.

[0058] Specifically, external wastewater, after being preheated by the preheating components, enters the mixing zone 4, mixes with the returned sludge, and then flows into the aeration reaction zone 8. An array of aeration branch pipes 9 creates a stable flow pattern through uniform air distribution, and dynamically adjusts the aeration rate based on dissolved oxygen monitoring data to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration at an appropriate level. Low-temperature resistant bacteria are added as needed to ensure the sludge concentration meets standards and enhances the efficiency of organic matter degradation. The treated mixed liquor enters the sedimentation zone 3 for solid-liquid separation. The supernatant is discharged after ultrafiltration, and part of the settled sludge is returned to the aeration zone to maintain biomass, while the remaining sludge is temporarily stored in an insulated sludge bin. The insulated outer shell 6 works in conjunction with the electric heating tape to ensure that the internal temperature of each treatment unit remains above freezing.

[0059] Compared to existing technologies, traditional devices employ a decentralized structure, resulting in significant heat loss. This solution, however, achieves internal heat recycling through an integrated steel structure. Conventional insulation measures focus only on the equipment casing; this solution innovatively incorporates a self-regulating heat tracing system in the material transport pipelines, forming a three-dimensional temperature control network. Compared to fixed aeration systems, this solution significantly improves dissolved oxygen control accuracy through a distributed branch pipe layout and real-time feedback adjustment, creating a stable survival environment for low-temperature microbial communities.

[0060] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively solves the problem of frozen and blocked sewage pipelines in high-altitude and cold regions, ensuring the optimal temperature conditions required for biochemical reactions under low-temperature environments. By precisely controlling the aeration rate and the amount of bacteria added, the stable operation of the high-concentration activated sludge system is maintained, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional processes that experience a sharp drop in treatment efficiency under low-temperature conditions. The integrated design reduces the equipment footprint, and the multi-layer insulation structure significantly reduces heat loss, achieving efficient and stable operation of the sewage treatment process in extreme climatic environments.

[0061] In one feasible implementation, the wastewater preheating assembly includes a three-stage series heat exchanger to heat the wastewater step by step. The first-stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone 1 for heat exchange, the second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third-stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0062] In this embodiment, the three-stage series heat exchanger refers to three heat exchange units connected sequentially to form a progressively heating structure. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of shell-and-tube, plate, or spiral plate heat exchangers. This decomposes the heating process of low-temperature wastewater into multiple stages to improve thermal efficiency. Waste heat exchange utilizes the residual heat of the treated water from ultrafiltration zone 1 as a primary heat source, which can be achieved through counter-current heat exchange to reduce external energy consumption. Electric heater temperature difference compensation refers to supplementing the heat through resistance heating when the residual heat is insufficient to reach the target temperature. This can be achieved using nickel-chromium alloy heating wires or silicon carbide heating elements to cope with extreme temperature fluctuations in cold regions. PID controller dynamic adjustment of heating power refers to real-time adjustment of the output power based on temperature feedback signals. This can be achieved through a microprocessor combined with thermocouple sensors to maintain the stability of the third-stage outlet water temperature.

[0063] Specifically, wastewater first enters the first-stage heat exchanger and undergoes counter-current heat exchange with the permeate from ultrafiltration zone 1, utilizing the residual heat of the permeate to initially raise the wastewater's temperature. It then enters the second-stage heat exchanger, where electric heating elements compensate for the temperature difference. Finally, in the third-stage heat exchanger, a PID controller dynamically adjusts the heating power based on the real-time deviation between the wastewater temperature and the set value to achieve precise temperature control. In this process, waste heat recovery and electric heating complement each other, preventing the failure of a single heat source under high-load conditions. Simultaneously, the staged heating method reduces the impact of thermal shock on the equipment.

[0064] Compared to existing technologies, traditional solutions typically employ single-stage heating or direct electric heating, resulting in high energy consumption and insufficient temperature control accuracy. This solution, through a combination of series waste heat recovery and electric heating compensation, achieves stepped temperature increases while reducing energy consumption, making it particularly suitable for high-altitude and cold regions with intermittent low-temperature fluctuations.

[0065] Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the preheating system, avoid pipe freezing caused by sudden temperature drop, and ensure the microbial activity of the subsequent biochemical treatment unit through graded temperature control, thereby improving the overall sewage treatment efficiency.

[0066] In one feasible implementation, a distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electrothermal film corresponding to the temperature sensors are provided on the top of the ultrafiltration zone 1. The flexible electrothermal film is used to perform local temperature compensation in the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensor detects a temperature difference greater than a preset temperature.

[0067] In this embodiment, the distributed temperature sensor array refers to multiple temperature sensors integrated in a grid-like distribution on top of the ultrafiltration zone 1, collecting temperature data from different areas in real time. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of PT100 temperature sensors and a data acquisition module. Through multi-point monitoring, local low-temperature areas can be accurately identified. The flexible electrothermal film refers to a bendable conductive film covering the top of the ultrafiltration zone 1. Specifically, it can be implemented using a composite structure of carbon fiber electrothermal film and insulating encapsulation layer, which can quickly activate the heating function based on the signal from the temperature sensor.

[0068] Specifically, when the distributed temperature sensor array detects that the temperature in a certain area is lower than the temperature of adjacent areas by more than a set threshold, the flexible electrothermal membrane corresponding to that low-temperature area is activated, releasing heat only in the area requiring compensation. For example, when the temperature in the northeast corner of ultrafiltration zone 1 drops sharply due to the intrusion of cold air from outside, the electrothermal membrane in that area automatically starts heating, while other areas without temperature differences maintain their original state. Thus, a dynamic temperature balance is formed inside ultrafiltration zone 1, preventing ice formation on the membrane module surface or a decrease in filtration efficiency.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies, traditional wastewater treatment devices typically employ overall constant temperature control or single-location temperature monitoring in the ultrafiltration zone 1, which cannot address the temperature difference issues caused by sudden localized cooling in cold regions. This solution, however, utilizes a synergistic mechanism of distributed temperature sensing and local compensation to solve the physical deformation problem of membrane modules caused by temperature differences, while also significantly reducing overall energy consumption.

[0070] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively prevents membrane pore blockage and filtration efficiency decay caused by uneven temperature distribution in the ultrafiltration zone 1, ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the ultrafiltration system in extreme low temperature environments, while avoiding unnecessary energy waste.

[0071] In one feasible implementation, a baffle wall 5 with water passage holes is installed between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8. The baffle wall 5 refers to the physical isolation structure between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8, specifically constructed of reinforced concrete or corrosion-resistant PVC panels. Its function is to separate different functional areas and control the direction of water flow. The water passage holes refer to the through-hole structure penetrating the baffle wall 5, specifically implemented using a uniformly distributed array of circular or square holes, with a hole diameter of, for example, 50-80 mm. Their function is to allow treated water to flow through while intercepting large particles of sludge.

[0072] Specifically, the retaining wall 5 is vertically installed at the boundary between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8, with its bottom fixedly connected to the bottom of the tank and its top height adjustable. The water passage holes are arranged in three staggered rows along the height of the retaining wall 5, with each row spaced, for example, 200mm apart. When the mixed liquor from the aeration reaction zone 8 flows into the sedimentation zone 3, the retaining wall 5 forms a controllable water passage channel through the water passage holes, ensuring sufficient water flow while preventing the disorderly diffusion of activated sludge into the sedimentation zone 3. The height of the retaining wall 5 can be adjusted according to the sludge settling characteristics; for example, when the sludge concentration increases, the height of the retaining wall 5 can be increased to increase the effective water passage area of ​​the water passage holes.

[0073] Compared to existing technologies, the traditional device uses an open connection between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8, which leads to bubble disturbance in the aeration zone affecting the sedimentation effect, and the activated sludge is prone to backflow with the water flow. This solution uses the physical isolation of the baffle wall 5 to block gas-liquid mixing disturbances and maintains hydraulic stability through the directional flow guidance of the water passages. Compared to conventional overflow weir structures, the design of the water passages avoids the problem of ice formation and blockage at the weir opening.

[0074] Through the above technical solutions, this application achieves effective hydraulic isolation between the sedimentation zone 3 and the aeration reaction zone 8, reducing the interference of aeration disturbance on the sedimentation process. Simultaneously, the perforated structure possesses anti-freezing and anti-clogging capabilities in cold environments, ensuring the continuous unobstructed flow of water. The physical barrier function of the retaining wall 5 effectively intercepts activated sludge backflow, improving the accuracy of sludge concentration control and providing stable operating conditions for the sludge-water separation process in low-temperature environments.

[0075] In one feasible implementation, the integrated steel structure body also includes an equipment area 2. Equipment area 2 refers to an independent space located within the integrated steel structure body, specifically designed for installing and accommodating wastewater treatment-related equipment. This area can specifically adopt a modular design to facilitate equipment installation, maintenance, and upgrades. The equipment configured in equipment area 2 includes, but is not limited to, wastewater pumps, sludge pumps, blowers, agitators, and automatic control systems. These devices are connected to other functional areas in the wastewater treatment process via pipes and cables, collectively supporting the operation of the entire wastewater treatment system.

[0076] The design of Equipment Zone 2 takes into account the special environmental requirements of high-altitude and cold regions. For example, all equipment is manufactured using low-temperature resistant materials to ensure normal operation even under extreme low-temperature conditions. Simultaneously, Equipment Zone 2 is equipped with an insulation layer to reduce the impact of cold external air on the equipment and maintain temperature stability. Furthermore, it is equipped with heating devices and a temperature monitoring system to heat Equipment Zone 2 when necessary, ensuring the equipment remains within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0077] Specifically, the wastewater pump and sludge pump are responsible for circulating wastewater and sludge within the system. The blower provides the necessary oxygen to the aeration reaction zone 8, and the agitator mixes the materials in the mixing zone 4 and the aeration reaction zone 8 to ensure uniform biochemical reactions. The automatic control system monitors key parameters of the entire wastewater treatment process, such as dissolved oxygen concentration, sludge concentration, and water temperature, and automatically adjusts equipment operation according to preset conditions to achieve efficient and stable wastewater treatment results.

[0078] Through the above technical solutions, the design of equipment area 2 in this application not only meets the special operating requirements of sewage treatment equipment in high-altitude and cold regions, but also improves the automation level and operating efficiency of the system, providing a strong guarantee for the stable operation of sewage treatment equipment in extreme climatic environments.

[0079] This application also proposes a wastewater treatment method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, referencing... Figure 2 The method includes steps S100 to S500, wherein:

[0080] Step S100: Receive external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe, preheat the sewage using the sewage preheating component, and then transport the preheated sewage to the mixing zone 4.

[0081] In step S200, the preheated wastewater is mixed with the return wastewater from the aeration reaction zone 8 in the mixing zone 4 to form mixed wastewater, and the mixed wastewater is transported to the aeration reaction zone 8 through the wastewater transmission pipeline.

[0082] In step S300, in the aeration reaction zone 8, the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration are monitored in real time by the aeration control component, and the air volume of the aeration branch pipe 9 is adjusted to keep the dissolved oxygen concentration stable at less than 1 mg / L. At the same time, the low-temperature resistant bacteria are intermittently added by the low-temperature resistant bacteria addition component to maintain the MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L.

[0083] In step S400, part of the wastewater treated in the aeration reaction zone 8 is returned to the mixing zone 4, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone 3 for sludge-water separation. After separation, the supernatant enters the ultrafiltration zone 1, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage zone 10.

[0084] In step S500, the supernatant is filtered in ultrafiltration zone 1 to ensure that the produced water meets the discharge standards.

[0085] In this embodiment, the wastewater preheating component refers to a system that heats wastewater in stages using heat exchangers. Specifically, a three-stage series heat exchanger can be used to achieve progressive heating. For example, the first-stage heat exchanger recovers the waste heat from the permeate in ultrafiltration zone 1, the second stage uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage uses a PID controller to dynamically adjust the power, thereby preventing pipe blockage caused by low-temperature freezing during wastewater transportation. The low-temperature resistant microbial inoculation component is a device used to supplement active microorganisms in low-temperature environments. Specifically, it can use a composite microbial community containing Pseudomonas and Bacillus, for example, added at a live bacteria ratio of 2:1, combined with a low-temperature activator to maintain the activity of the microbial community, thereby solving the problem of decreased metabolic rate of traditional microbial strains under low-temperature conditions. The aeration control component is a device that monitors and adjusts the aeration rate in real time using sensors. Specifically, dissolved oxygen distribution cloud map analysis technology can be used. For example, when the concentration in more than 70% of the area is detected to be too high, some aeration branch pipes 9 are closed; when the concentration is too low, aeration branch pipes 9 in specific areas are opened first, thereby achieving precise control of dissolved oxygen concentration. Sludge settling ratio control refers to the operation of adjusting the reflux strategy according to the sludge settling performance. Specifically, it can be achieved by combining pulsed reflux with intermittent disturbance. For example, when the settling ratio is too high, continuous reflux is performed in conjunction with pause operation. When the settling ratio is too low, the sludge storage time is extended and swirl mixing is started, thereby optimizing the sludge reflux efficiency.

[0086] Specifically, after external wastewater enters the system, it first undergoes a three-stage preheating treatment. This includes primary heating using waste heat from ultrafiltration permeate, temperature difference compensation via electric heating, and finally, dynamic PID control to ensure the wastewater temperature meets treatment requirements. The preheated wastewater is then mixed with returned sludge in mixing zone 4 to form a suitable mixed liquor for microbial growth. In aeration reaction zone 8, dissolved oxygen sensors continuously collect data. When the dissolved oxygen concentration approaches the threshold, a low dissolved oxygen environment is maintained to promote denitrification, for example, by closing some aeration branch pipes 9 or adjusting the aeration rate. Simultaneously, low-temperature resistant bacteria are added periodically, such as by adding trehalose-containing activators during low-temperature periods to ensure microbial community activity. The treated wastewater undergoes sedimentation separation. The supernatant enters ultrafiltration zone 1 for membrane filtration, using a dual-layer cross-flow filtration system to improve filtration accuracy. Part of the settled sludge is returned to the aeration zone, and the remainder is transported to a temporary storage area. During ultrafiltration, distributed temperature sensors monitor the temperature distribution of the membrane modules. For example, when a localized temperature is detected to be too low, a flexible electric heating membrane is activated to compensate and prevent membrane pore blockage.

[0087] Compared to existing technologies, traditional wastewater treatment methods in high-altitude and cold regions suffer from problems such as insufficient preheating leading to pipe freezing, insufficient aeration control precision affecting denitrification efficiency, and difficulty in maintaining the activity of low-temperature bacteria. For example, conventional aeration systems use a fixed air supply and cannot dynamically adjust according to dissolved oxygen distribution, while this method achieves differentiated control of aeration branch pipes 9 through cloud map analysis. Existing technologies mostly use a single heat exchanger for preheating, while this method significantly improves energy utilization through a cascade heating method combining waste heat recovery and electric heating. In addition, traditional sludge return strategies use a fixed rate, while this method implements pulsed return and intermittent disturbance based on the settling ratio, effectively avoiding sludge bulking.

[0088] Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the technical problems of decreased microbial activity, pipeline freezing, and fluctuations in treatment efficiency caused by low temperatures during wastewater treatment in high-altitude and cold regions. The tiered heating design of the preheating system ensures the fluidity of wastewater during transportation and treatment; the synergistic effect of low-temperature resistant bacteria and activators maintains the efficiency of biochemical reactions; the dynamic adjustment of the aeration branch pipe 9 achieves stable control of dissolved oxygen concentration; the combination of a double-layer ultrafiltration membrane and a temperature compensation mechanism ensures the reliable operation of the filtration system in low-temperature environments; and the optimization of the sludge return strategy enhances the system's adaptability to changes in sludge settling performance.

[0089] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 3 Step S100 includes steps S110 to S120, wherein:

[0090] Step S110: Receive external sewage through the sewage inlet pipe and heat the sewage step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone 1 for heat exchange. The second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference. The third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller.

[0091] Step S120: Monitor the inlet water temperature of mixing zone 4 in real time. When the water temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature, start the auxiliary heater to raise the temperature using the preset heating plastic step temperature rise, and add composite antifreeze to the wastewater during the preheating process.

[0092] In this embodiment, the three-stage series heat exchanger refers to a heating device composed of three independent heat exchange units connected in sequence. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of a plate heat exchanger and a tubular electric heater. The first stage achieves initial heating by recovering waste heat from the ultrafiltration zone 1 drainage; the second stage supplements the temperature difference through electrical energy conversion; and the third stage achieves precise temperature control through a closed-loop feedback system. The PID controller dynamically adjusts the heating power by real-time correction of the heat exchanger output power based on a proportional-integral-derivative algorithm. This can be achieved using a temperature sensor and actuator linkage control mode, automatically adjusting heating parameters by comparing the deviation between the set temperature and the actual temperature. The auxiliary heater, with a preset heating plastic stepped heating method, is a supplementary heating device activated when the main heating system cannot meet the demand. This can be implemented using a multi-level resistance wire heating module, gradually increasing the heating intensity based on water temperature detection results to avoid sudden temperature changes. The composite antifreeze agent is an anti-coagulation additive formed by compounding polyols and inorganic salts. Specifically, it can be implemented using a mixed solution of propylene glycol and calcium chloride, injected into the wastewater channel in proportion during the preheating stage to lower the freezing point.

[0093] Specifically, after entering the treatment system, external wastewater first flows through a three-stage series heat exchanger for gradient heating. The first-stage heat exchanger transfers the waste heat from the 35℃-40℃ permeable water discharged from ultrafiltration zone 1 to the influent water via heat exchange tubes, raising its temperature to 5℃-8℃. The second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heating device to raise the wastewater temperature to 10℃-12℃, compensating for the temperature difference not eliminated by the first stage. The third-stage heat exchanger uses a PID controller to automatically adjust the heating power within a ±0.5℃ accuracy range based on the real-time collected effluent temperature signal, stabilizing the final effluent temperature at 12℃-15℃. When the inlet water temperature of mixing zone 4 is below 10℃, the auxiliary heater located downstream of the second-stage heat exchanger starts in three stages: the first stage operates at 500W for 5 minutes, the second stage increases to 800W for 8 minutes, and the third stage maintains 1000W until the temperature reaches the target. Simultaneously, a composite antifreeze containing propylene glycol and calcium chloride is continuously added at a ratio of 0.1‰-0.3‰ during the preheating process.

[0094] Compared with existing technologies, traditional wastewater preheating systems mostly use single-stage heating and rely on continuous power input. In contrast, this solution reduces energy consumption while ensuring heating efficiency through the synergistic effect of waste heat recovery and gradient heating. Conventional antifreeze measures rely only on physical insulation, while the chemical intervention of composite antifreeze can effectively inhibit ice formation inside the pipes. Existing temperature control systems mostly use open-loop control, while the three-stage heat exchanger combined with the PID algorithm forms a closed-loop regulation system, which significantly improves temperature stability.

[0095] Through the above technical solution, this application achieves safe and stable operation of the wastewater pretreatment stage in cold environments, avoiding the risk of pipeline freezing and ensuring the influent temperature conditions required by the subsequent biochemical treatment unit. Furthermore, the organic combination of waste heat recovery and intelligent temperature control reduces the overall energy consumption of the system. The synergistic effect of the composite antifreeze further enhances low-temperature adaptability, creating a suitable environment for microbial metabolic activities.

[0096] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 4 Step S300 includes steps S310A to S330A, wherein:

[0097] Step S310A: Collect dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud maps at preset time intervals using the aeration control component;

[0098] Step S320A: When the concentration in more than 70% of the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the valves of the aeration branch pipes 9 closest to the sedimentation zone 3 are closed sequentially, with each closure not exceeding 20% ​​of the total number of branch pipes.

[0099] In step S330A, when the concentration in the area below 40% of the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L, the aeration branch pipe 9 closest to the mixing zone 4 is turned on first until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L.

[0100] In this embodiment, the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud map refers to the real-time acquisition of dissolved oxygen concentration data in different areas within the aeration reaction zone 8 using a multi-point sensor array, forming a visualized concentration distribution map. Specifically, a fluorescent dissolved oxygen sensor array with temperature compensation function can be used to achieve this, which is used to accurately identify areas of excessive or insufficient oxygen supply in the aeration reaction zone 8. The adjustment method of the valves in the aeration branch pipe 9 refers to the dynamic adjustment of the air volume distribution according to the dissolved oxygen concentration distribution. Specifically, a pneumatic butterfly valve and a PLC interlocking control system can be used to achieve this, which is used to optimize the uniformity of oxygen distribution and reduce ineffective aeration energy consumption.

[0101] Specifically, dissolved oxygen concentration distribution maps are collected and analyzed at fixed intervals. When the area of ​​a high-concentration region exceeds a critical value, the system automatically triggers a valve closing procedure, sequentially closing the corresponding branch pipes from sedimentation zone 3 to mixing zone 4, thus suppressing over-aeration by reducing air input in stages. When the area of ​​a low-concentration region is below the critical value, the branch pipes closest to mixing zone 4 are opened first to quickly increase the dissolved oxygen level at the inlet, while avoiding local turbulence caused by centralized air supply. This control process achieves dynamic balance of dissolved oxygen concentration through a closed-loop feedback mechanism.

[0102] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods, which employ fixed aeration patterns or single-sensor feedback control, cannot effectively address the fluctuations in dissolved oxygen demand caused by microbial metabolic rate variations in cold environments. This solution combines zoned monitoring with targeted adjustment, resolving the issue of reduced treatment efficiency due to uneven aeration over large areas, while also minimizing heat loss caused by excessive aeration.

[0103] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 5 Step S300 includes steps S310B to S320B, wherein:

[0104] Step S310B: Low-temperature resistant bacteria are intermittently added using a low-temperature resistant bacterial inoculation component. The low-temperature resistant bacteria include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, with a viable count ratio of 2:1, and the inoculation rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h.

[0105] In step S320B, the water temperature is checked before each addition of the low-temperature resistant bacterial strain. When the water temperature is greater than 5°C, 50 mg / L is added. When the water temperature is less than 5°C, a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose is added simultaneously.

[0106] In this embodiment, the cryogenic strain refers to a combination of microorganisms capable of maintaining metabolic activity at 0-10℃. Specifically, this can be achieved using a composite microbial community of Pseudomonas and Bacillus, with Pseudomonas responsible for degrading nitrogenous organic matter and Bacillus undertaking carbon source decomposition. The viable cell ratio of 2:1 refers to the ratio of effective viable cells per unit volume between the two strains, which can be achieved through a premixing process. This ratio has been verified to produce the best synergistic metabolic effect. The cryogenic activator refers to a biochemical preparation containing trehalose, specifically prepared using a freeze-drying protectant compounding process. Its function is to improve the stability of the cell membrane of the strain under low-temperature conditions.

[0107] Specifically, during the operation of aeration reaction zone 8, the low-temperature resistant bacterial inoculation component replenishes the bacterial strains according to a set cycle. Pseudomonas and Bacillus are mixed in a specific ratio and injected into the reaction zone at a constant rate via a metering pump. When the water temperature is above 5°C, only the basic bacterial population is replenished to maintain the total microbial count; when the water temperature is below 5°C, a simultaneously injected low-temperature activator coats the bacterial cells to form a protective film, preventing cytoplasmic crystallization and inactivation due to low temperature. This phased addition strategy ensures the stability of the total microbial count and enhances the environmental adaptability of the bacterial community through a biochemical protection mechanism.

[0108] Compared with existing technologies, traditional methods often employ continuous addition of a single microbial strain in low-temperature environments, neglecting the synergistic effects of strains and the impact of temperature fluctuations. This solution, by constructing a composite microbial community system and introducing a temperature-responsive mechanism, not only improves the degradation efficiency of organic matter but also overcomes the technical bottleneck of a sharp drop in strain survival rate under low-temperature conditions.

[0109] Through the above technical solutions, this application effectively maintains the microbial concentration and activity in the aeration reaction zone 8, ensuring stable wastewater treatment capacity even under fluctuating temperatures in cold environments. The synergistic effect of the composite microbial community improves pollutant decomposition efficiency, while the temperature-responsive dosing strategy significantly reduces the risk of microbial inactivation caused by low temperatures, ultimately achieving a dynamic balance of MLSS concentration.

[0110] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 6 The method further includes steps S410 to S430, wherein:

[0111] Step S410: The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time by a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously returned to the aeration reaction zone 8 at a rate of 10% of the total return volume per hour. At the same time, the sludge is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes of return to allow dissolved oxygen to recover.

[0112] Step S420: When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, perform pulsed recirculation 3 times per hour, with each recirculation lasting 10 seconds and the recirculation flow rate maintained at 200-300 L / s.

[0113] In step S430, when the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge storage time is extended to 1.5 times the original cycle, and a 10-second disturbance operation is performed every 15 minutes by a vortex agitator set at the bottom of the sludge storage area 10.

[0114] In this embodiment, the sludge settling ratio refers to the percentage of sludge settling volume to mixed liquor volume within 30 minutes in a static state. This can be measured using a graduated cylinder, with real-time liquid level data collected by an optical sensor. This parameter reflects sludge settling performance and microbial activity. Pulse-type reflux refers to short-duration, high-intensity sludge transport via an electric valve, such as a solenoid valve for rapid opening and closing to achieve instantaneous high-flow-rate transport. This method effectively balances the relationship between sludge concentration and dissolved oxygen consumption. A vortex mixer refers to a mechanical stirring device with spiral blades, such as a three-bladed propeller driven by a variable frequency motor. The resulting vortex water flow prevents sludge from hardening at the bottom of the temporary storage area under low-temperature conditions.

[0115] Specifically, in extremely cold environments, reduced activity of sludge microorganisms leads to fluctuations in settling performance. When an excessively high settling ratio is detected, continuous recirculation can quickly replenish activated sludge; however, to avoid excessive consumption of dissolved oxygen, intermittent pauses are used to restore the aeration system's oxygen supply capacity. Under moderate settling ratio conditions, timed pulse recirculation can maintain sludge concentration while avoiding energy waste caused by continuous recirculation. When the settling ratio is too low, extending the storage time can promote the self-repair of sludge microorganisms, and the periodic disturbance of swirling agitation can prevent sludge lamination caused by low temperatures.

[0116] Compared to existing technologies, traditional methods, which use a fixed proportion of sludge recirculation, cannot cope with the drastic changes in sludge settling performance in high-altitude and cold regions. This solution establishes a graded response mechanism based on real-time monitoring data. For example, when sludge activity drops sharply, extending the temporary storage time in conjunction with mechanical disturbance can avoid energy losses caused by ineffective recirculation. At the same time, the stability of the biochemical reaction system is maintained by dynamically adjusting the recirculation mode.

[0117] Through the above technical solution, this application can effectively address the problem of fluctuating sludge settling performance during wastewater treatment in cold regions. A graded control strategy maintains stable sludge concentration in the aeration reaction zone 8, preventing sludge expansion or disintegration due to low temperatures, while also optimizing energy utilization efficiency. The intermittent disturbance operation of the cyclone agitator prevents sludge caking in the temporary storage zone, ensuring the normal operation of subsequent sludge treatment processes.

[0118] In one feasible implementation, refer to Figure 7 Step S500 includes steps S510 to S530, wherein:

[0119] Step S510: A double-layer cross-flow filtration system is constructed using a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane module, wherein the outer membrane has a pore size of 0.03 μm, the inner membrane has a pore size of 0.1 μm, and the operating pressure gradient is maintained at 0.20 MPa.

[0120] Step S520: When the transmembrane pressure difference increase exceeds 20 kPa / h, start the gas-water combined backflushing procedure. The backflushing water is a mixture of supernatant from sedimentation zone 3 and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution.

[0121] Step S530: When the distributed temperature sensor array of the ultrafiltration zone 1 detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds the preset temperature, the flexible electrothermal film in the corresponding area is triggered to perform local temperature compensation.

[0122] In this embodiment, the dual-layer cross-flow filtration system refers to a composite filtration structure composed of membrane modules with different pore sizes. Specifically, it can be achieved through a graded treatment method where the outer membrane traps large particulate pollutants and the inner membrane filters dissolved substances. The filtration accuracy is improved through the synergistic effect of physical trapping and adsorption. The gas-liquid combined backwashing procedure refers to an operation mode that cleans the membrane surface by alternately injecting gas and liquid. Specifically, it can be achieved by alternating pulse jets of compressed air and backwash liquid, utilizing fluid shear force to remove pollutants from the membrane surface. The distributed temperature sensor array refers to a multi-point temperature measurement device covering different locations in the ultrafiltration zone 1. Specifically, it can be implemented by integrating patch thermocouples and a wireless transmission module, achieving regional temperature control through spatial temperature field monitoring.

[0123] Specifically, in the ultrafiltration process, the supernatant in sedimentation zone 3 first undergoes preliminary filtration through the outer membrane, followed by fine separation through the inner membrane. The operating pressure is dynamically adjusted by a constant-pressure pump to maintain a stable permeate flux on the membrane surface. When the transmembrane pressure difference rises rapidly, it indicates increased membrane fouling; at this point, a backflushing procedure is automatically initiated, using sodium hypochlorite solution to kill microorganisms and decompose organic matter. The temperature compensation function monitors the surface temperature distribution of the membrane module in real time using sensors. When the local temperature falls below a set threshold, the flexible electrothermal membrane is immediately energized to heat the membrane, preventing icing and blockage of the membrane pores.

[0124] Compared to existing technologies, traditional ultrafiltration systems are prone to a sharp drop in flux due to membrane pore shrinkage at low temperatures and lack a compensation mechanism for temperature gradients. This solution achieves staged filtration by constructing a bilayer membrane module, effectively alleviating the problem of excessive load on a single-layer membrane. Combined with a dynamic backwashing process, the frequency of chemical cleaning can be reduced. The temperature compensation mechanism can eliminate localized low-temperature regions on the membrane surface, preventing ice crystal formation and physical damage to the membrane structure.

[0125] Through the above technical solutions, this application solves the problems of easy clogging and unstable operating efficiency of ultrafiltration membranes in high-altitude and cold regions, realizes continuous and efficient operation of membrane modules in low-temperature environments, and extends the service life of membrane materials through graded filtration and intelligent cleaning.

[0126] The above description is only a part of the embodiments of this application and does not limit the patent scope of this application. All equivalent structural transformations made under the technical concept of this application and using the contents of the specification and drawings of this application, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included in the patent protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A wastewater treatment device suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, The device includes: The integrated steel structure has an internal mixing zone, an aeration reaction zone, a sedimentation zone, an ultrafiltration zone, and a sludge temporary storage zone. The mixing zone is equipped with a sewage inlet pipe for connecting to external sewage. The mixing zone is connected to the aeration reaction zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the aeration reaction zone is connected to the sedimentation zone via a sewage transmission pipe, the top of the sedimentation zone is connected to the ultrafiltration zone via a sewage transmission pipe, and the bottom of the sedimentation zone is connected to the sludge temporary storage zone via a sludge transmission pipe. The thermal insulation and heating system includes a wastewater preheating component, a temperature-limiting electric heating tape, and an insulation shell. The wastewater preheating component is installed in the wastewater inlet pipe for preheating the wastewater. The temperature-limiting electric heating tape is installed in the wastewater transmission pipe. The insulation shell covers the integrated steel structure body. The wastewater preheating component includes a three-stage series heat exchanger to heat the wastewater step by step. The first-stage heat exchanger utilizes the waste heat from the ultrafiltration zone's permeate for heat exchange. The second-stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for temperature differences. The third-stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller. A distributed temperature sensor array and a flexible electric heating film corresponding to the temperature sensors are installed at the top of the ultrafiltration zone. The flexible electric heating film is used to provide localized temperature compensation in the corresponding area when the distributed temperature sensors detect a temperature difference greater than a preset temperature. The aeration reaction zone includes: An aeration assembly, comprising an aeration main pipe and multiple aeration branch pipes, wherein the multiple aeration branch pipes are connected to the aeration main pipe and are evenly distributed within the aeration reaction zone, for supplying oxygen to the aeration reaction zone; A low-temperature resistant bacterial inoculum dispensing component is used to add cold-resistant bacterial inoculum to the aeration reaction zone; The aeration control component is used to monitor and adjust the dissolved oxygen concentration and MLSS concentration in the aeration reaction zone in real time to maintain the dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration reaction zone at less than 1 mg / L and the MLSS concentration at more than 5000 mg / L.

2. The wastewater treatment device suitable for high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A baffle wall is provided between the sedimentation zone and the aeration reaction zone, and the baffle wall is provided with water passage holes.

3. A wastewater treatment method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions, characterized in that, The method includes: External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe, preheated using a sewage preheating unit, and then transported to the mixing zone; the specific steps include: External sewage is received through the sewage inlet pipe and heated step by step through a three-stage series heat exchanger. The first stage heat exchanger uses the waste heat of the water produced in the ultrafiltration zone for heat exchange, the second stage heat exchanger uses an electric heater to compensate for the temperature difference, and the third stage heat exchanger dynamically adjusts the heating power through a PID controller. The inlet water temperature of the mixing zone is monitored in real time. When the water temperature is detected to be lower than the preset temperature, the auxiliary heater is started to raise the temperature using the preset heating plastic step temperature. During the preheating process, a compound antifreeze agent is added to the wastewater. In the mixing zone, preheated wastewater is mixed with return wastewater from the aeration reaction zone to form mixed wastewater, which is then transported to the aeration reaction zone through a wastewater transmission pipeline. In the aeration reaction zone, dissolved oxygen and MLSS concentrations are monitored in real time using an aeration control component. The airflow in the aeration branch pipes is adjusted to stabilize the dissolved oxygen concentration at less than 1 mg / L. Simultaneously, refractory bacteria are intermittently added using a refractory bacteria inoculation component to maintain the MLSS concentration above 5000 mg / L. Specific steps include: Dissolved oxygen concentration distribution cloud maps are collected at preset time intervals using the aeration control component; When the concentration in more than 70% of the cloud map is greater than 0.8 mg / L, the aeration branch valves closest to the sedimentation zone should be closed sequentially, with each closure not exceeding 20% ​​of the total number of branch valves. When the concentration in the cloud map is less than 0.3 mg / L in areas below 40%, the aeration branch pipes near the mixing zone should be opened first until the dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 0.6 mg / L; After treatment in the aeration reaction zone, part of the wastewater is returned to the mixing zone, and the other part is transported to the sedimentation zone for sludge-water separation. The supernatant after separation enters the ultrafiltration zone, and the sludge is transported to the sludge temporary storage zone. The supernatant is filtered in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets discharge standards.

4. The wastewater treatment method for high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of intermittently adding cryogenic bacteria using a cryogenic bacteria delivery component to maintain an MLSS concentration greater than 5000 mg / L includes: The cryogenic bacteria, which include Pseudomonas and Bacillus, are intermittently added using a cryogenic bacteria delivery component. The live bacteria ratio of the two is 2:1, and the delivery rate is maintained at 200 mg / L·h. Before each addition of low-temperature resistant bacteria, the water temperature should be checked. If the water temperature is greater than 5℃, add 50mg / L. If the water temperature is less than 5℃, add a low-temperature activator containing 0.1% trehalose at the same time.

5. The wastewater treatment method suitable for high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: The sludge settling ratio is collected in real time by a sludge concentration meter. When the sludge settling ratio is greater than 85%, the sludge is continuously returned to the aeration reaction zone at a rate of 10% of the total amount per hour. At the same time, the sludge is paused for 5 minutes every 30 minutes of return to allow dissolved oxygen to recover. When the sludge settling ratio is between 70% and 85%, pulse-type recirculation is performed 3 times per hour, with each recirculation lasting 10 seconds and the recirculation flow rate maintained at 200-300L / s. When the sludge settling ratio is less than 70%, the sludge storage time is extended to 1.5 times the original cycle, and a 10-second disturbance operation is performed every 15 minutes by a cyclone agitator installed at the bottom of the sludge storage area.

6. The wastewater treatment method for high-altitude and cold regions as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The step of filtering the supernatant in the ultrafiltration zone to ensure that the produced water meets discharge standards includes: A dual-layer cross-flow filtration system was constructed using hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane modules, with the outer membrane having a pore size of 0.03 μm and the inner membrane having a pore size of 0.1 μm, and the operating pressure gradient was maintained at 0.20 MPa. When the transmembrane pressure difference increase exceeds 20 kPa / h, the gas-water combined backflushing procedure is started. The backflushing water is a mixture of supernatant from the sedimentation zone and 10% sodium hypochlorite solution. When the distributed temperature sensor array in the ultrafiltration zone detects that the temperature difference between any three points exceeds the preset temperature, it triggers the flexible electrothermal film in the corresponding area to perform local temperature compensation.

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