Three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method, array displacement meter and displacement monitoring system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method, comprising: forming first displacement data of a dangerous area in response to data of a displacement sensor of the dangerous area; obtaining reference data of a slope and establishing a three-dimensional data graph using the reference data; forming second displacement data of the dangerous area in response to changes in the three-dimensional data graph; correcting the first displacement data to obtain third displacement data in response to the similarity of the first displacement data and the second displacement data being greater than a preset value; establishing a monitoring curve according to the third displacement data and setting a displacement early warning threshold; and issuing an alarm signal in response to the first displacement data reaching the displacement early warning threshold. By setting displacement sensors in the dangerous area and comparing the measured data with the actual data to establish a monitoring curve, the accuracy of the three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring data is ensured, and the monitoring and early warning of the dangerous area are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental monitoring technology, specifically to a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method, an array-type displacement meter, and a displacement monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides caused by slopes on steep terrain can result in significant casualties and economic losses. Therefore, early prediction of landslides is crucial for protecting people's lives.

[0003] Before a landslide occurs, the surrounding rock mass will experience small collapses and loosening, and cracks will appear inside the slope, with fissures appearing around the mountain and gradually widening and deepening. Among the commonly used monitoring methods, displacement gauge sensors are widely used due to their advantage of real-time monitoring. However, because displacement gauge sensors have a small detection range and are more susceptible to environmental factors, resulting in poor accuracy, directly using them to detect mountain conditions will cause significant errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention was made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Its purpose is to provide a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method that can ensure the detection accuracy of displacement sensors while using displacement sensors to monitor environmental conditions over a large area.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method, comprising: acquiring topographic information of a monitoring area; dividing the monitoring area into a dangerous area and a stable area, wherein the dangerous area includes cracks and slope slip surfaces; and forming first displacement data of the dangerous area in response to data from displacement sensors in the dangerous area. The first displacement data Including displacement data inside the crack Displacement data of the slip surface of the slope ; Obtain reference data for the slope, and use the reference data to establish a three-dimensional data map; In response to changes in the three-dimensional data map, generate second displacement data for the hazardous area; In response to displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. The similarity between the first displacement data and the second displacement data is greater than a preset value. Correction is performed to obtain the third displacement data; a monitoring curve is established based on the third displacement data, and a displacement early warning threshold is set; in response to the first displacement data... An alarm signal is issued when the displacement warning threshold is reached.

[0006] Preferably, the displacement data of the displacement sensor in response to the hazardous area forms the first displacement data of the hazardous area. This includes: obtaining the reference origin and i For each unit to be measured, a reference coordinate system is established based on the reference origin; According to the formula:

[0007] Calculate the first displacement data , , , , The displacement value of each measured unit in the displacement sensor within the reference coordinate system. L The length of the unit to be measured is... , , For the first i The three-dimensional displacement data collected by the unit under test itself.

[0008] Preferably, the displacement data in response to the slip surface of the slope The similarity between the first displacement data and the second displacement data is greater than a preset value. The third displacement data obtained after correction also includes: Using formula

[0009] Calculate the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. The similarity with the second displacement data, wherein, The similarity value. N The number of units to be tested. The second displacement data at each of the measured units is calculated based on the changes in the three-dimensional data map and the reference coordinate system. , , and These are the displacement data of the unit under test in the X, Y, and Z directions within the reference coordinate system; in response to the... If it is greater than the preset value, and Compare and adjust The third displacement data is obtained.

[0010] Preferably, the will and Compare and adjust Obtaining the third displacement data also includes: using the formula

[0011] The mean square error was calculated. MSE Using mean square error MSE The compensation coefficient k was obtained through experimentation; according to the formula... The third displacement data is obtained. .

[0012] This invention provides an array-type displacement meter for acquiring first displacement data of the aforementioned hazardous area. The device includes: a mounting tube, including a fixing component; a fixing tube, installed above the mounting tube; a displacement sensor, including multiple test units connected end to end, disposed inside the mounting tube and passing through the fixing component; a cable, disposed inside the mounting tube and connected to the displacement sensor; and a support device, disposed inside the mounting tube for clamping the displacement sensor.

[0013] Preferably, the support device includes a support frame, a pulley, and an elastic element, the elastic element abutting against the support frame and the pulley, and the displacement sensor passing through the support frame.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a flexible connector installed between two adjacent test units.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a connecting rod, which is fixedly connected to the fixing member and the fixing tube.

[0016] This invention provides a displacement monitoring system, comprising multiple array-type displacement gauges, a vision device, a monitoring and early warning device, and a control device as described above. The array-type displacement gauges are respectively arranged along the extension direction of the crack and the slip surface of the slope, for acquiring first displacement data of the hazardous area. The vision device is connected to the control device and is used to acquire reference data of the monitoring area; the control device is connected to the monitoring and early warning device and acquires second displacement data and compares it with the first displacement data. The comparison forms a monitoring curve to set a displacement early warning threshold.

[0017] Preferably, the array of displacement gauges on the slip surface of the slope includes a first external array of displacement gauges and a second external array of displacement gauges. The first external array of displacement gauges is arranged in an S-shape along the slip surface of the slope, and the second external array of displacement gauges is arranged intersecting with the first external array of displacement gauges.

[0018] Based on the above description and practice, the three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method of the present invention includes: acquiring topographic information of the monitoring area; dividing the monitoring area into dangerous areas and stable areas, wherein the dangerous areas include fissures and slope slip surfaces; determining the locations within the monitoring area that need to be monitored; and setting displacement sensors within the dangerous areas to monitor changes in topography within the dangerous areas; and forming first displacement data for the dangerous areas in response to the data from the displacement sensors in the dangerous areas. The first displacement data includes displacement data inside the crack. Displacement data of the slip surface of the slope The process involves acquiring reference data for the slope, creating a 3D data map, and using this map as a reference. In response to changes in the 3D data map, second displacement data for the hazardous area is generated. This second displacement data is derived from the reference data and can be directly obtained through observation; it does not include data from the interior of the hazardous area. Finally, displacement data is generated in response to the surface displacement of the slope's slip surface. The similarity between the first displacement data and the second displacement data is greater than a preset value. The third displacement data is obtained after correction. A monitoring curve is established based on the third displacement data, and a displacement early warning threshold is set. At this point, the third displacement data can represent relatively accurate monitoring data within the monitoring area, and the monitoring curve established using the third displacement data can serve as a prediction curve for that monitoring area. This is in response to the first displacement data. When the displacement warning threshold is reached, an alarm signal is issued. The displacement warning threshold can be set on the prediction curve according to actual needs. The system continues to monitor changes in the topography and geomorphology of the hazardous area. When the measured data reaches the displacement warning threshold, an alarm is issued to remind personnel to evacuate or prevent disaster. By placing displacement sensors within the hazardous area to measure the slip surface inside the cracks and on the slope, and comparing the measured data with actual data to establish a monitoring curve, the accuracy of the three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring data is ensured while achieving monitoring and early warning of hazardous areas. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method involved in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 The flowchart illustrates a monitoring and early warning method for three-dimensional multi-data fusion involved in another embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array displacement meter according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement sensor involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the support device involved in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the displacement monitoring system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of a displacement monitoring system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be more thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0029] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative diagrams of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. It should be noted that in this invention disclosure, the terms "comprising," "configured with," and "set in" are used to indicate an open-ended inclusion, meaning that additional elements / components / etc. may exist besides those listed; the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the number or order of objects; the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0030] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] This invention discloses a displacement monitoring system for monitoring steep terrain, especially mountain slopes. The system processes the monitored data to obtain a critical displacement warning threshold. When the monitored data reaches this threshold, it indicates a landslide risk, prompting an external warning and the issuance of disaster prevention preparations. For details, please refer to... Figures 1 to 9 In some embodiments, the displacement monitoring system includes an array of displacement gauges, a vision device (not shown), a monitoring and early warning device 13, and a control device (not shown). The monitoring area is divided into a danger zone and a stable zone. The array of displacement gauges installed on the surfaces of both zones are designated as a first peripheral array displacement gauge 11 and a second peripheral array displacement gauge 12. Both the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11 and the second peripheral array displacement gauge 12 are connected to the monitoring and early warning device 13 to transmit and process the measured data. The vision device is connected to the control device, which in turn is connected to the monitoring and early warning device 13. The vision device acquires reference data for the monitoring area and transmits this reference data to the control device. This reference data is then compared with the monitoring data transmitted from the monitoring and early warning device 13 to the control device to obtain a displacement early warning threshold. The control device also includes a solar panel (not shown) to power the entire control device and the monitoring and early warning device 13, ensuring that the data collected by the array displacement gauges, the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11, and the multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12 can be transmitted to a cloud monitoring network for storage.

[0032] In some embodiments, the array displacement gauge includes a mounting tube 7, a fixing tube 1, a displacement sensor 6, a cable 2, and a support device 8. The mounting tube 7 includes a fixing member 5, and the fixing tube 1 is mounted above the mounting tube 7. The displacement sensor 6 includes multiple end-to-end connected measurement units 63, disposed within the mounting tube 7 and passing through the fixing member 5, thus stably fixing the measurement units 63 within the mounting tube 7. This prevents the displacement sensor 6 from moving away from the mounting tube 7 during the movement of the entire array displacement gauge, thus avoiding external interference affecting the monitoring accuracy of the displacement sensor 6. The cable 2 is disposed within the mounting tube 7 and connected to the displacement sensor 6, used to transmit the first displacement data within the hazardous area monitored by the measurement units 63 within the mounting tube to the monitoring and early warning device 13 via the cable 2. The support device 8 is disposed within the mounting tube and used to clamp the displacement sensor 6, preventing the displacement sensor 6 from shaking within the mounting tube 7 due to external interference, thereby affecting the accuracy of the array displacement gauge's measurement of the first displacement data.

[0033] Understandably, in some embodiments, the displacement sensor 6 also includes a flexible connector 62, which is installed between two adjacent test units 63 to connect the two adjacent test units 63 together, thereby making the entire displacement sensor 6 a whole.

[0034] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the displacement sensor 6 further includes a front fixed section 61 and a rear fixed section 64. A data processing unit (not shown) is provided in the front fixed section 61. The fixing member 5 is fitted into the front fixed section 61, so as to stably fix the displacement sensor 6 in the mounting tube 7 without affecting the measurement effect of the displacement sensor 6. The cable 2 is connected to the front fixed section 61. The data measured by multiple test units 63 is transmitted to the front fixed section 61 for processing via the flexible connector 62, and then transmitted to the monitoring and early warning device 13 via the cable 2. This further transmits the data monitored by multiple array displacement gauges to the monitoring and early warning device 13 in a clearer logic. The first displacement data obtained at this time is easier to process, which can reduce the computing power requirements of the monitoring and early warning device 13 and the control device, and speed up the data processing speed.

[0035] In some embodiments, the support device 8 includes a support frame 82, a pulley 81, and an elastic element 83. The displacement sensor 6 passes through the support frame 82, which clamps the displacement sensor 6. The pulley 81 can move up and down within the mounting tube 7 to adjust the position of the support device 8 as needed to meet the requirements of the actual application. The elastic element 83 abuts against the support frame 82 and the pulley 81, providing support to the support frame 82 and ensuring that the relative position of the displacement sensor 6 within the mounting tube 7 does not change. This prevents the displacement sensor 6 from being affected by external interference factors, causing unnecessary movement and thus affecting the measurement accuracy of the entire array displacement gauge.

[0036] Understandably, in some embodiments, the array displacement gauge also includes a connecting rod 3, which is fixedly connected to the fixing member 5 and the fixing tube 1. Both ends of the connecting rod 3 are threaded for inserting the displacement sensor 6 into the mounting tube 7 and fixing it stably. Specifically, when installing the array displacement gauge inside a hazardous area, holes are drilled on the slope surface, the mounting tube 7 is inserted into the holes, and the outside of the mounting tube 7 is filled with fine sand while pressing the mounting tube 7 into the slope. The fixing member 5 is connected to the displacement sensor 6, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 3 is also fixedly connected to the fixing member 5. The connecting rod 3 is used to insert the displacement sensor 6 and the fixing member 5 together into the mounting tube. The fixing tube 1 covers the mounting tube 7, and the connecting rod 3 is threadedly connected to the fixing tube 1. Twisting the top of the connecting rod 3 outside the fixing tube 1 causes a spiral motion between the top of the connecting rod 3 and the fixing tube 1, continuing to insert the displacement sensor 6 into the mounting tube 7 until installation is complete.

[0037] In some embodiments, to prevent the outer wall of the connecting rod 3 from colliding with the internal displacement sensor 6 and affecting the measurement accuracy of one or more internal test units 63, a buffer 4 is provided on the outside of the connecting rod 3. The buffer 4 is used to prevent the connecting rod 3 body from directly contacting the test unit 63. When the connecting rod 3 sends the displacement sensor 6 into the mounting tube 7, it will collide with the displacement sensor 6, thereby damaging the displacement sensor 6 and affecting the measurement effect and measurement accuracy of the entire array displacement meter.

[0038] Specifically, when soil and rock slide on the hillside, the mounting tube 7 deforms, and the displacement sensor 6 is fully attached to the wall of the mounting tube 7 to detect even the slightest sliding. The displacement sensor 6 calculates the deformation inside the hillside by monitoring its own attitude changes. Even with large deformations, the array displacement meter can measure the horizontal displacement along the entire measuring line. Furthermore, to measure the absolute direction of the hillside movement, markings need to be made on the surface of the array displacement meter. Axial direction line ( , , These are coordinate axis names, which may be interchanged in practice. Axially upward, (The axis points to magnetic north). This marking line determines... Rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise along the positive axis to obtain axis, The axis is vertically upward. This is achieved through measurement. Mark the angle between the azimuth and geographic magnetic north, record and correct it. The axis is aligned with geographic magnetic north to determine the coordinate orientation of the displacement gauge, which facilitates the determination of the slope's sliding direction.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the lengths of the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11 and the second peripheral array displacement gauge 12 can be adjusted according to the actual environment. The first peripheral array displacement gauge is arranged in an S-shape along the dangerous area and the stable area. Multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges can be provided, arranged alternately with the first peripheral array displacement gauges. The first peripheral array displacement gauge 11 and multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12 jointly measure the first displacement data of the outer surface of the monitoring area and transmit it to the monitoring and early warning device 13 through the cable 2 for subsequent processing.

[0040] Preferably, in order to make the first displacement data of the slope surface in the dangerous area easier to process, a plurality of second peripheral array displacement gauges 12 are arranged perpendicularly to the long side of the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11.

[0041] This invention discloses a three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method applicable to displacement monitoring systems. It utilizes a vision device and a monitoring and early warning device 13 to jointly acquire and correct three-dimensional data, thereby improving the monitoring effect of the displacement monitoring system. In some embodiments, the three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method includes: Step S1: Obtain topographic information of the monitoring area and divide the monitoring area into dangerous and stable areas. The dangerous area includes fissures and slope slip surfaces.

[0042] The monitoring area's topographic and geomorphological information is obtained through on-site geological surveys and existing geological environment information. This data includes slope structure, fissures, slope slip surfaces, and soil and rock physical properties, enabling rapid acquisition of large-scale topographic and geomorphological information and identification of landslide-prone areas as hazardous zones. The determination of hazardous zones is based on data obtained from on-site geological surveys and environmental information, combined with local weather and environmental factors. In some application scenarios, array-type displacement gauges are installed within the hazardous area. A first external array-type displacement gauge 11 and multiple second external array-type displacement gauges 12 are positioned on the outer surface of the hazardous area, while the monitoring and early warning device 13 is installed on the stable areas of the monitoring area.

[0043] Step S2: In response to the data from displacement sensor 6 in the hazardous area, the first displacement data of the hazardous area is generated. The first displacement data includes displacement data inside the crack. Displacement data of the slip surface of the slope .

[0044] In some application scenarios, displacement data inside the crack Displacement data of the slip surface of the slope obtained by array-type displacement gauges. The first displacement data is formed by combining the data measured by the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11 and multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12. And the first displacement data The data is transmitted to the monitoring and early warning device 13 for processing. A time period is selected in which the position changes of the array displacement gauge, the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11, and multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12 are relatively significant, and the measured change data is used as the first displacement data. .

[0045] Step S3: Obtain reference data for the slope and use the reference data to create a three-dimensional data map.

[0046] In some application scenarios, reference data for slopes is acquired using vision devices. The vision devices photograph the appearance of the slope area, and reference points are set on the slope based on the photos taken by the vision devices. Using the reference points as the origin, a three-dimensional data map of the actual slope is created using the reference data.

[0047] Step S4: In response to changes in the 3D data map, generate second displacement data for the danger zone.

[0048] In some application scenarios, the selection is the same as obtaining the first displacement data in step S1. The appearance of the slope changes over the same period of time, and a three-dimensional data map is generated again. This appearance change is compared with the three-dimensional data map obtained in step S3 to obtain the geological location information changes that occur in the danger zone under the vision device, which is the second displacement data.

[0049] Step S5: Response to displacement data of the slip surface of the slope If the similarity between the first and second displacement data is greater than a preset value, the first displacement data is corrected to obtain the third displacement data.

[0050] Understandably, since the second displacement data is obtained directly through visual equipment, compared to the displacement data of the slope's slip surface... Its error is smaller and its accuracy is higher. However, since the vision device can only observe surface data, the second displacement data can be used as reference data to judge the accuracy of the first displacement data measured by the array displacement gauge, the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11, and multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12. In some application scenarios, when the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope... When the similarity between the second displacement data and the second displacement data is greater than a preset value, the displacement data of the sliding surface of the slope is... The error is relatively small, and it can be used as the change in displacement of the entire monitoring area. The corrected third displacement data includes external surface displacement, internal cracks in the slope, slope displacement data, etc.

[0051] Furthermore, to ensure more accurate subsequent data processing results, the second displacement data can be used to modify the first displacement data of the hazardous area. Synchronous correction is performed to obtain third displacement data, making the results calculated using this third displacement data more accurate and consistent with reality. Furthermore, in some specific application scenarios, the preset similarity value should be greater than or equal to 0.9, further ensuring the accuracy of displacement data on the slope's slip surface. The similarity with the second displacement data helps avoid large errors in the corrected third displacement data, which could affect the accuracy of the entire monitoring and early warning method.

[0052] Understandably, when the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope... If the similarity between the second displacement data and the first displacement data is less than a preset value, then the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope in that group are discarded. Then obtain displacement data of the slip surface of the slope at other locations. .

[0053] Step S6: Establish a monitoring curve based on the third displacement data and set a displacement early warning threshold.

[0054] In some application scenarios, the calibrated third displacement data can more accurately represent the displacement changes of the entire monitoring area over a period of time. The control device acquires the data transmitted by the monitoring and early warning device 13 and the vision device, processes the data, and establishes a monitoring curve based on the displacement change. Furthermore, the displacement early warning threshold needs to be set based on prior experience and local environmental and weather conditions. Specifically, the monitoring curve is a slope surface displacement-time curve.

[0055] Step S7: In response to the first displacement data reaching the displacement warning threshold, an alarm signal is issued.

[0056] In some application scenarios, after the monitoring curve is established, the array displacement gauge, the first peripheral array displacement gauge 11, and multiple second peripheral array displacement gauges 12 continuously monitor the displacement changes in the monitoring area, especially in dangerous areas, and transmit the first displacement data back in real time. , the first displacement data If the first displacement data is then input into the monitoring curve, When the corresponding value within the monitoring curve is the displacement warning threshold, it indicates that there is a possibility of a landslide disaster in the monitoring area, and an alarm signal should be issued to remind relevant personnel to prepare for disaster prevention.

[0057] Furthermore, in response to the data from displacement sensor 6 in the hazardous area, first displacement data for the hazardous area is generated, specifically including: Step S21: Obtain the reference origin and i For each unit to be measured, a reference coordinate system is established based on the reference origin.

[0058] The reference origin is the location of the multiple measured units 63 at the start of the measurement, either at the far end of the underground silent segment or at the near end of the silent segment near the surface exit. A three-dimensional reference coordinate system is formed by setting the corresponding direction based on the reference origin.

[0059] Step S22: According to the formula:

[0060] Calculate the first displacement data , , , , This represents the displacement value of each measured unit 63 in the displacement sensor within the reference coordinate system. L The length of the unit to be tested, 63 , , For the first i The three-dimensional displacement data collected by each test unit 63 itself. In some application scenarios, the displacement of each test unit 63 is calculated using the test unit 63 at the previous measurement time point as a reference point to obtain the displacement of each test unit 63 within a fixed time interval. The change in tilt angle of the test unit 63 is calculated based on the displacement, and then... L The length is calculated to determine the displacement of the unit under test 63 in three directions within the corresponding time interval, further refining the data and improving the accuracy of the monitoring and early warning method.

[0061] In some application scenarios, displacement data in response to the slip surface of the slope is used. The similarity between the second displacement data and the preset value is greater than that of the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. The third displacement data obtained after correction also includes: Step S51: Using the formula

[0062] Calculate the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. The similarity with the second displacement data, wherein, The similarity value is... N The number of units to be tested. The second displacement data at each of the measured units is calculated based on the changes in the three-dimensional data map and the reference coordinate system. . , and These are the displacement data of the unit under test in the X, Y, and Z directions within the reference coordinate system, respectively. It is understandable that... N The higher the value, the higher the similarity score. The more precise.

[0063] Step S52: In response to If it is greater than the preset value, and Compare and adjust The third displacement data is obtained.

[0064] The preset similarity value should be greater than or equal to 0.9, which further ensures the accuracy of displacement data on the slip surface of the slope. With the second displacement data To ensure similarity and avoid large errors in the corrected third displacement data, which could affect the accuracy of the entire monitoring and early warning method.

[0065] Furthermore, in order to ensure the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope are obtained using the second displacement data... During the correction process, the corrected third displacement data can still represent the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. Furthermore, this correction standard can be used for all first displacement data. .

[0066] Understandably, this is to further ensure the accuracy of the first displacement data acquired by displacement sensor 6. For accuracy, specifically, step S53: will and Compare and adjust The third displacement data also includes: Step S531: Using the formula:

[0067] The mean square error was calculated. MSE Using mean square error MSE The compensation coefficient was obtained through experimentation. k .

[0068] in, k The compensation coefficient is used to correct for systematic errors or environmental influences in the displacement gauge monitoring network data; it can be substituted with the mean square error. MSE Results are obtained through general testing. Specifically, the scientific rigor and standardization of the tests can be ensured by referring to the ISO 17892 series of standards. For different environments, attention needs to be paid to temperature and humidity, soil type and properties, loading conditions, hydrological conditions, etc. Test parameters should be adjusted according to the environmental conditions of the target area to determine the optimal parameters. k value.

[0069] Step S532: According to the formula: Third displacement data.

[0070] According to the compensation coefficient k First displacement data Second displacement data Furthermore, the corrected third displacement data was obtained.

[0071] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional multi-data fusion monitoring and early warning method, characterized in that, include: The topographic and geomorphological information of the monitoring area is obtained, and the monitoring area is divided into dangerous areas and stable areas. The dangerous areas include fissures and the slip surface of slopes. In response to data from the displacement sensor in the hazardous area, first displacement data of the hazardous area is generated. The first displacement data includes displacement data inside the crack. Displacement data of the slip surface of the slope ; The vision device acquires reference data of the slope and uses the reference data to create a three-dimensional data map; In response to changes in the three-dimensional data map, second displacement data of the danger zone is generated; Using formula Calculate the displacement data of the slip surface of the slope. The similarity with the second displacement data, wherein, The similarity value. N The number of units to be tested. The second displacement data at each of the measured units is calculated based on the changes in the three-dimensional data map and the reference coordinate system. ; , and These are the displacement data of the unit under test in the X, Y, and Z directions within the reference coordinate system, respectively. In response to the If the value is greater than the preset value, use the formula: The mean square error was calculated. MSE Using mean square error MSE The compensation coefficient k was obtained through experimentation. According to the formula The third displacement data was obtained. ; A monitoring curve is established based on the third displacement data, and a displacement early warning threshold is set. In response to the first displacement data An alarm signal is issued when the displacement warning threshold is reached.

2. The monitoring and early warning method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The data from the displacement sensor in response to the hazardous area forms the first displacement data of the hazardous area. ,include: Obtain the reference origin and i For each unit to be measured, a reference coordinate system is established based on the reference origin; According to the formula: Calculate the first displacement data , , , , The displacement value of each measured unit in the displacement sensor within the reference coordinate system. L The length of the unit to be measured is... , , For the first i The three-dimensional displacement data collected by the unit under test itself.

3. An array-type displacement gauge, characterized in that, Used to obtain the first displacement data of the hazardous area as described in any one of claims 1-2 ,include; Installation tube, including fasteners; A fixing pipe is installed above the mounting pipe; The displacement sensor includes multiple test units connected end to end, which are disposed inside the mounting tube and pass through the fixing member; A cable is installed inside the mounting pipe and connected to the displacement sensor; A support device is disposed inside the mounting tube for clamping the displacement sensor.

4. The array displacement meter as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The support device includes a support frame, pulleys, and an elastic element. The elastic element abuts against the support frame and the pulleys, and the displacement sensor passes through the support frame.

5. The array displacement meter as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A flexible connector is installed between two adjacent test units.

6. The array displacement meter as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The connecting rod is fixedly connected to the fixing member and the fixing tube.

7. A displacement monitoring system, characterized in that, Includes multiple array-type displacement gauges, vision devices, monitoring and early warning devices, and control devices as described in any one of claims 3-6 above. The array of displacement gauges is respectively installed along the extension direction of the crack and the slip surface of the slope, and is used to acquire the first displacement data of the dangerous area. ; The vision device is connected to the control device and is used to acquire reference data of the monitoring area; The control device is connected to the monitoring and early warning device, and acquires the second displacement data and compares it with the first displacement data. The comparison forms a monitoring curve to set a displacement early warning threshold.

8. The displacement monitoring system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The array of displacement gauges on the slip surface of the slope includes a first external array of displacement gauges and a second external array of displacement gauges. The first external array of displacement gauges is arranged in an S-shape along the slip surface of the slope, and the second external array of displacement gauges is arranged intersecting with the first external array of displacement gauges.

Images