Bogie compression test device and test method

Abstract

The application provides a bogie tonnage test device and test method, and belongs to the technical field of bogie testing, comprising a support seat, two detection tracks and two sets of positioning assemblies; the support seat is used for erection on the original track; the bottom of the support seat extends downward and is supported on the ground; the two detection tracks are parallel and are arranged at intervals on the top of the support seat, and the detection tracks are arranged in parallel with the original track; the distance between the two detection tracks is adapted to the width dimension of the wheels on both sides of the bogie; the two sets of positioning assemblies are arranged on the support seat and correspond to the two original tracks one by one; the positioning assembly is used for adjusting the distance between the detection track and the original track; the test method is implemented by using the test device; the bogie tonnage test device and test method provided by the application are simple to operate, can be used for tonnage test of various models and specifications of bogies, have strong adaptability, and can effectively save test cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bogie testing technology, and more specifically, relates to a bogie load testing device and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] Bogie load tests are used to simulate the load conditions that bogies bear during actual operation, thereby helping to evaluate the performance and reliability of bogies under different load conditions, so as to identify potential structural problems, fatigue damage, etc. in advance, and provide a basis for subsequent maintenance and improvement of bogies.

[0003] Existing bogie tonnage testing equipment is usually set up according to the specifications and dimensions of bogies for general-purpose railway vehicles produced in large batches. However, the gauge and specifications of bogies produced in small batches are often different from those of bogies with general gauge. Therefore, the existing testing equipment cannot be adapted to all types of bogies with different gauges and specifications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bogie tonnage test device and test method, which aims to solve the technical problem that existing test devices are applicable to a single track gauge and cannot be adapted to bogies of different track gauges and different models and specifications.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] Firstly, a bogie tonnage testing device is provided, comprising:

[0007] A support base is used to be erected on the original track; the bottom of the support base extends downward and is supported on the ground;

[0008] Two detection tracks, parallel and spaced apart, are positioned on top of the support base, and the detection tracks are parallel to the original track; the distance between the two detection tracks is adapted to the width of the wheels on both sides of the bogie; and

[0009] Two sets of positioning components are disposed on the support base and correspond one-to-one with the two original tracks; the positioning components are used to adjust the distance between the detection track and the original tracks by changing the distance between the support base and the original tracks.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the positioning component includes:

[0011] Telescopic drive cylinders are fixed on the support base; the telescopic end of each set of telescopic drive cylinders extends horizontally and is set toward the corresponding original track;

[0012] A displacement sensor is connected to the fixed end of the telescopic drive cylinder or the support base;

[0013] Specifically, in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track, the displacement sensor is used to determine whether the distance between the support and the original track reaches a preset value; in the vertical direction, when the telescopic drive cylinder extends, it abuts against the middle part of the original track in the height direction.

[0014] In some embodiments, the positioning component further includes an alarm system electrically connected to each of the displacement sensors, which issues a warning when the distance between the support and the original track reaches a preset value.

[0015] For example, each group of positioning components is provided with a plurality of telescopic drive cylinders, which are spaced apart along the length of the detection track; each telescopic drive cylinder is located between two detection tracks.

[0016] In some embodiments, each telescopic drive cylinder corresponds to a mounting plate, one end of which is fixed to the support base, and the other end extends downward in a vertical direction and is connected to the corresponding telescopic drive cylinder.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the support base includes:

[0018] The lower support layer is used to support the ground at the bottom;

[0019] Multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders are arrayed on the top surface of the lower support layer; the telescopic ends of the telescopic support cylinders extend upwards; and

[0020] The upper support layer extends along the length direction perpendicular to the original track, and its two ends are respectively mounted on the original track; the bottom of the upper support layer abuts against the extended end of the telescopic support cylinder.

[0021] In some embodiments, a plurality of connecting bolts are fixed in an array on the lower support layer, and the upper end of the connecting bolts passes upward through the upper support layer and is connected to a connecting nut.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the solution shown in this application can adapt to bogies of different track gauges and specifications by setting the track gauge between the two test tracks; by setting the support base, the test track is erected on the original track and effectively supported on the ground; by setting the positioning component, the distance between the test track and the original track is adjusted; the bogie tonnage test device provided by this application has a simple structure and strong adaptability, and can be used for tonnage tests of various bogies of different specifications, improving the versatility of the device and saving the cost of replacing different test devices due to different bogie specifications.

[0023] Secondly, a bogie tonnage test method is provided, which is implemented using the aforementioned bogie tonnage test device. The bogie tonnage test method includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. The support base is hoisted onto the two original tracks by a hoisting crane, so that the upper end of the support base is placed on the original tracks, and the two detection tracks are located directly below the press machine;

[0025] S2. The distance and height between the detection track and the original track are determined by the positioning component, and the detection track is adjusted to a preset position;

[0026] S3. Adjust the support base to ensure stable support;

[0027] S4. The bogie is hoisted onto the test track by the hoisting crane, and wheel stops are placed at the front and rear wheels on the same side of the bogie;

[0028] S5. Start the press machine to test the bogie and record the test data;

[0029] In one possible implementation, step S2, which involves determining the distance and height between the detection track and the original track using the positioning component, and adjusting the detection track to a preset position, includes the following steps:

[0030] S21. The distance between the support base and the original track is measured by the displacement sensor, and the position of the support base is adjusted until the distance between the support base and the original track reaches a preset value, at which point the alarm system issues a warning.

[0031] S22. Extend the telescopic end of the telescopic drive cylinder and abut it against the middle part in the direction of the original track height.

[0032] In one possible implementation, step S3, adjusting the support base and ensuring its stable support, includes the following steps:

[0033] S31. Install the lower support layer on the ground, remove the connecting nuts, so that the upper support layer is in an unloaded state, and the upper end of the connecting bolt still protrudes through the upper support layer;

[0034] S32. Extend the telescopic end of the telescopic support cylinder upward and abut against the bottom of the upper support layer, and generate an upward force at the abutment point.

[0035] In one possible implementation, step S5, which involves starting the press to test the bogie and recording the test data, includes the following steps:

[0036] S51. Make the lower plane of the pressure contact of the press contactor contact the upper plane of the bogie center plate without generating pressure, and record the distance H' between the upper plane of the upper support layer and the upper plane of the bogie center plate;

[0037] S52. Continue to press the pressure contact downwards so that the pressure value displayed on the press machine's display gradually increases until the increment of the pressure value increases dramatically relative to the distance the pressure contact of the press machine moves downwards. Then, stop moving the pressure contact downwards by a specified value and record the pressure value F1 of the press machine and the distance H1 between the upper plane of the upper support layer and the upper plane of the bogie center plate.

[0038] S53. Based on the pressure value F1 and in combination with the stiffness of the bearing spring and the damping spring, calculate the theoretical distance H2 between the upper plane of the bogie center plate and the upper plane of the upper support layer under the action of the pressure value F1; if the difference between H1 and H2 is not greater than 5mm, the bogie quality can be confirmed as qualified; if the difference between H1 and H2 is greater than 5mm, the bogie quality can be confirmed as unqualified.

[0039] The bogie tonnage test method provided in this application, because it is implemented using the aforementioned bogie tonnage test device, has all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned bogie tonnage test device. It is simple to operate, can be used for tonnage tests of various bogie models and specifications, and can effectively save test costs. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a top view of the bogie load test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the bogie load test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bogie load testing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention during use.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Support base; 11. Upper support layer; 12. Telescopic support cylinder; 13. Lower support layer; 14. Connecting bolt; 15. Connecting nut; 2. Detection track; 3. Original track; 4. Positioning assembly; 41. Telescopic drive cylinder; 42. Mounting plate; 43. Displacement sensor; 5. Bogie. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0046] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other element. It should be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention.

[0047] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a number" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0048] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 3 The bogie tonnage testing device and method provided by the present invention will now be described. The bogie tonnage testing device includes a support base 1, two testing tracks 2, and two sets of positioning components 4. The support base 1 is used to be erected on the original track 3. The bottom of the support base 1 extends downward and is supported on the ground. The two testing tracks 2 are parallel and spaced apart on the top of the support base 1, and the testing tracks 2 are parallel to the original track 3. The distance between the two testing tracks 2 is adapted to the width of the wheels on both sides of the bogie 5. The two sets of positioning components 4 are provided on the support base 1 and correspond one-to-one with the two original tracks 3. The positioning components 4 are used to adjust the distance between the testing track 2 and the original track 3 by changing the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3.

[0049] It should be understood that the testing device provided in this application includes a support base 1 for mounting on the original track 3 to facilitate the support of the test track 2; the bottom of the support base 1 extends downwards to support the ground, ensuring the stability of the device. Meanwhile, two test tracks 2, parallel and spaced apart on top of the support base 1, are arranged parallel to the original track 3, and the distance between the two test tracks 2 needs to be adapted to bogies 5 of different widths. This allows the testing device to adapt to various models and specifications of bogies 5, no longer limited to bogies with specific gauges and sizes, greatly improving the versatility of the device.

[0050] Optionally, two detection rails 2 are fixed to the top surface of the corresponding support base 1. Multiple detection rails 2 are provided for commonly used track gauges, with each detection rail 2 corresponding to a support base 1. Alternatively, two detection rails 2 are slidably connected to the top surface of the support base 1, and the track gauge between the two detection rails 2 can be adjusted by sliding them. Specifically, multiple mounting positions are spaced apart on the support base 1 along a direction perpendicular to the original track 3. Each mounting position includes multiple mounting holes spaced apart along the original track 3. When needed, the two detection rails 2 can be connected to the corresponding mounting positions using fixing bolts and nuts.

[0051] It should be understood that the positioning component 4 can determine the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3. At this time, since the positions of the detection track 2 and the support base 1 are fixed, the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 can be further determined based on the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3. Therefore, when the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3 is adjusted, the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 is also adjusted accordingly. Thus, the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 can be adjusted by changing the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the bogie tonnage testing device provided by this invention can adapt to bogies 5 with different track gauges and different models and specifications by setting the track gauge between the two test tracks 2; by setting the support base 1, the test track 2 is erected on the original track 3 and effectively supported on the ground; by setting the positioning component 4, the distance between the test track 2 and the original track 3 is adjusted. The bogie tonnage testing device provided by this application has a simple structure and strong adaptability. It can be used for tonnage testing of bogies 5 with various models and specifications, which improves the versatility of the device and saves the cost of replacing different test devices due to different bogie 5 specifications.

[0053] As a specific embodiment of the positioning component 4, the positioning component 4 includes a fixing plate and a positioning rod. One end of the fixing plate is fixed to the upper support layer 11 of the support base 1, and the other end extends downward. One end of the positioning rod is fixed to the corresponding fixing plate, and the other end extends horizontally and abuts against the middle part of the original track 3 in the height direction.

[0054] When the two positioning rods abut against the middle of the original track 3 in the height direction, the position of the support seat 1 in the height direction and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track 3 can be determined. If there is a gap between the end of the positioning rod and the original track 3, or if they cannot abut against each other, it means that the position of the support seat 1 is not adjusted properly. At this time, it is necessary to manually push or move the support seat 1, or add pads and support plates to adjust the support seat 1 into place so that the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 reaches the preset distance.

[0055] Please see Figure 2 In some possible embodiments, the positioning component 4 includes a telescopic drive cylinder 41 and a displacement sensor 43; the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is fixed on the support base 1; the telescopic end of each set of telescopic drive cylinders 41 extends horizontally and is set toward the corresponding original track 3; the displacement sensor 43 is connected to the fixed end of the telescopic drive cylinder 41 or the support base 1; wherein, in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track 3, the displacement sensor 43 is used to determine whether the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3 reaches a preset value; in the vertical direction, when the telescopic drive cylinder 41 extends, it abuts against the middle part of the original track 3 in the height direction.

[0056] It is important to understand that, in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track 3, the displacement sensor 43 can monitor the distance from the support base 1 to the original track 3 in real time. When the position of the displacement sensor 43 on the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is fixed, the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3 can be determined through the displacement sensor 43. At this time, since the positions of the detection track 2 and the support base 1 are fixed, the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 can be further determined based on the distance between the support base 1 and the original track 3, thereby achieving the horizontal positioning of the detection track 2. Specifically, by manually moving or pushing the support base 1, the position of the support base 1 can be adjusted, causing the displacement sensor 43 and the detection track 2 to move accordingly, thereby changing the detection distance of the displacement sensor 43. When the detection distance reaches a preset value, the position of the support base 1 no longer needs to be adjusted, and the positions of the displacement sensor 43 and the detection track 2 also reach the preset position, thus the position between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 can also be determined.

[0057] It should be noted that when the two sets of telescopic drive cylinders 41 abut against the middle of the corresponding original track 3, they can fix the support seat in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track 3, thus preventing the detection track 2 and the support seat 1 from shifting.

[0058] The displacement sensor 43 can determine whether the distance between the telescopic drive cylinder 41 and the original track 3 has reached the preset value, which makes the adjustment of the distance between the detection track 2 and the original track 3 more accurate.

[0059] Since the telescopic drive cylinder 41 can extend along a direction perpendicular to the length of the track, the telescopic end of the telescopic drive cylinder 41 can extend and abut against the middle of the original track 3 in the height direction. When the abutment point deviates from the middle of the original track 3, the height of the detection track 2 can be changed by adjusting the height of the support seat 1 to achieve vertical positioning. Therefore, the telescopic drive cylinder 41 ensures the accuracy and stability of vertical positioning, which helps to ensure that the bogie 5 is in the correct position during the test, thereby improving the accuracy of the test data.

[0060] In addition, by setting the positions of displacement sensor 43 and telescopic drive cylinder 41, operators can more intuitively understand the adjustment status of detection track 2, which facilitates precise adjustment operations.

[0061] In some embodiments, the positioning component 4 also includes an alarm system, which is electrically connected to each displacement sensor 43 and issues a warning when the distance between the support 1 and the original track 3 reaches a preset value.

[0062] By setting an alarm system, a warning is issued when the distance between the telescopic drive cylinder 41 and the original track 3 reaches a preset value, at which point it can be determined that the telescopic drive cylinder 41 has reached the designated position; when the position of the displacement sensor 43 on the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is fixed, it can be inferred that the position of the detection track 2 has also reached the expected position.

[0063] By setting up alarm devices, operators can be informed in a timely manner that the adjustments have been made correctly, thus avoiding over-adjustment or under-adjustment.

[0064] Please see Figure 2 For example, each group of positioning components 4 is provided with a plurality of telescopic drive cylinders 41, which are spaced apart along the length of the detection track 2; each telescopic drive cylinder 41 is located between two detection tracks 2.

[0065] By placing the telescopic drive cylinder 41 between the two detection tracks 2, the installation of the positioning component 4 is facilitated. Since the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is used to connect to the support base 1 via the mounting plate 42, if the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is placed outside the detection track 2, the support base 1 needs to extend outward by a certain length. Therefore, in this application, the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is placed between the two detection tracks 2 to avoid the support base 1 extending too far beyond the original track 3, which would affect the convenience of the device.

[0066] Meanwhile, with multiple telescopic drive cylinders 41, the alarm system can remind the operator to pay attention to the status of each telescopic drive cylinder 41, improving the safety and efficiency of the entire operation process.

[0067] By setting multiple telescopic drive cylinders 41, the force distribution is more uniform when adjusting the distance between the test track 2 and the original track 3, avoiding situations where the local force is too large or too small; this helps to improve the stability of the entire positioning process, thereby ensuring the stable placement and accurate testing of the bogie 5 during the test.

[0068] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, each telescopic drive cylinder 41 corresponds to a mounting plate 42. One end of the mounting plate 42 is fixed on the support base 1, and the other end extends downward in the vertical direction and is connected to the corresponding telescopic drive cylinder 41.

[0069] Preferably, the mounting plate 42 is made of channel steel plate, which is easy to obtain and has a low cost. The mounting plate 42 is used to adjust the installation position of the telescopic drive cylinder 41 to adapt to the original height of the track 3.

[0070] In addition, the presence of the mounting plate 42 enhances the stability of the connection between the telescopic drive cylinder 41 and the support base 1, making the telescopic drive cylinder 41 more stable during operation. At the same time, this mounting method facilitates the installation and disassembly of the telescopic drive cylinder 41, which is beneficial for the maintenance and repair of the device.

[0071] Preferably, the telescopic drive cylinder 41 is an electric telescopic cylinder or a telescopic pneumatic cylinder.

[0072] Optionally, multiple telescopic drive cylinders 41 are controlled by the same set of controllers to ensure that the extension length of each telescopic drive cylinder 41 is equal. In addition, the controller is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 43 and the alarm system to receive the displacement signal from the displacement sensor 43 and control the alarm system to issue an alarm signal. Specifically, the controller is a structure integrating multiple control elements, and the signal transmission of the displacement sensor 43, the telescopic drive cylinder 41 extension and retraction control, and the alarm signal control of the alarm system are all achieved through individual control of each control element. The specific structure, working principle, and connection structure of the controller are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0073] Optionally, four sets of telescopic drive cylinders 41 are provided, and each set of telescopic drive cylinders 41 is equipped with a displacement sensor 43. In the initial position, the telescopic drive cylinders 41 on both sides are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the original track 3 length direction.

[0074] Please see Figure 2In some possible embodiments, the support base 1 includes a lower support layer 13, multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders 12, and an upper support layer 11; the bottom of the lower support layer 13 is used to support the ground; multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders 12 are arrayed on the top surface of the lower support layer 13; the telescopic ends of the telescopic support cylinders 12 extend upward; the upper support layer 11 extends along the length direction perpendicular to the original track 3, and both ends are respectively mounted on the original track 3; the bottom of the upper support layer 11 abuts against the extended ends of the telescopic support cylinders 12.

[0075] The upper support layer 11 is used to be erected on the original track 3 so that the detection track 2 is supported on the original track 3; the lower support layer 13 is used to stably support the ground, and the telescopic support cylinder 12 is used to lift and lower so that the lower support layer 13 is supported on the bottom surface of the upper support layer 11; specifically, the lower support layer 13 is supported at the center of the detection track 2 by the upper support layer 11 and the telescopic support cylinder 12, and the original track 3 is supported on the periphery of the detection track 2 by the upper support layer 11. The two complement each other to ensure the stability of the detection track 2.

[0076] Furthermore, multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders 12 are arrayed on the top surface of the lower support layer 13, with their telescopic ends extending upwards, which can adjust the height of the upper support layer 11 according to the actual situation to adapt to the ground requirements of different heights.

[0077] For example, the upper support layer 11 includes multiple connecting beams spaced apart along the length of the detection track 2, with the two ends of the connecting beams correspondingly mounted on two original tracks 3; the lower support layer 13 includes multiple support beams spaced apart along the length of the detection track 2, with a connecting beam correspondingly mounted above each support beam; two telescopic support cylinders 12 are spaced apart on each support beam; and multiple connecting bolts 14 are spaced apart between the two telescopic support cylinders 12.

[0078] Specifically, the connecting beams of the upper support layer 11 are made of channel steel, and the detection track 2 is also made of channel steel.

[0079] Specifically, the telescopic support cylinder 12 is selected from one of the following: electric push rod, telescopic air cylinder, and telescopic hydraulic cylinder. Preferably, four sets of telescopic support cylinders 12 are provided, and they correspond vertically to the front and rear wheel positions of the bogie 5, so as to improve the support stability of the support base 1.

[0080] Optionally, each of the four telescopic support cylinders 12 is electrically connected to a controller, which can control the telescopic support height of each telescopic support cylinder 12 in decibels to adapt to different ground depths. Optionally, each telescopic support cylinder 12 is also equipped with a pressure gauge and a warning device to monitor the supporting force of the telescopic support cylinder 12.

[0081] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2In some embodiments, a plurality of connecting bolts 14 are fixed in an array on the lower support layer 13, and the upper end of the connecting bolts 14 passes through the upper support layer 11 and is connected to a connecting nut 15.

[0082] It should be understood that when adjusting the relative position between the upper support layer 11 and the lower support layer 13 using the telescopic support cylinder 12, the connecting nut 15 must be opened first to avoid interference from the connecting nut 15 in adjusting the relative position between the upper support layer 11 and the lower support layer 13.

[0083] During the non-pressure tonnage test, the connecting nut 15 ensures a reliable connection between the upper support layer 11 and the lower support layer 13, making the entire support base 1 structure more stable. Furthermore, when adjustments to the upper support layer 11 are needed, such as during the installation or adjustment of the test device, the connecting nut 15 can be easily removed for adjustment, making the operation simple and convenient.

[0084] The connecting nut 15 is removed during the test and is not installed or connected. It is used to ensure the tightening effect of the telescopic support cylinder 12 on the upper support layer 11 during the pressure test.

[0085] This application also provides a bogie tonnage test method, implemented using the aforementioned bogie tonnage test device, the bogie tonnage test method comprising the following steps:

[0086] The first step is to use an overhead crane to hoist the support base 1 onto the two original tracks 3, ensuring that the upper end of the support base 1 is positioned on the original tracks 3 and that the two test tracks 2 are directly below the press machine. The second step is to use the positioning component 4 to determine the distance and height between the test track 2 and the original tracks 3, and to adjust the test track 2 to the preset position. The third step is to adjust the support base 1 to ensure it is stable. The fourth step is to use an overhead crane to hoist the bogie 5 onto the test tracks 2, and to place wheel stops at the front and rear wheels on the same side of the bogie 5. The fifth step is to start the press machine to test the bogie 5 and record the test data.

[0087] First, the bogie tonnage test method provided in this application, because it is implemented using the aforementioned bogie tonnage test device, possesses all the beneficial effects of the device. It is simple to operate, applicable to tonnage tests of various bogie models and specifications, and effectively saves testing costs. Second, the entire process in this application—from hoisting the support 1 onto the designated track 3, to adjusting the position of the test track 2 using the positioning component 4, then adjusting the support 1 to ensure stability, followed by hoisting the bogie 5 and placing wheel stops, and finally starting the tonnage tester to conduct the test and record the data—standardizes the operation of the bogie tonnage test, helps improve the accuracy and repeatability of the test, ensures that each test is conducted according to the standard procedure, and thus obtains reliable test results.

[0088] In some possible embodiments, the second step can be further subdivided into the following steps: First, the distance between the support seat 1 and the original track 3 is measured by the displacement sensor 43, and the position of the support seat 1 is adjusted until the distance between the support seat 1 and the original track 3 reaches a preset value, at which point the alarm system issues a warning; Second, the telescopic drive cylinder 41 extends out and abuts against the middle part of the original track 3 in the height direction.

[0089] This refinement process further improved the accuracy of the adjustment of the test track 2. The alarm system provided clear operational prompts for the operators, ensuring that the test track 2 could be accurately adjusted to the preset position, laying a good foundation for the subsequent bogie 5 test.

[0090] In some possible embodiments, the third step can be further subdivided into the following steps: First, the lower support layer 13 is installed on the ground, the connecting nut 15 is removed, so that the upper support layer 11 is in an unloaded state, and the upper end of the connecting bolt 14 still protrudes from the upper support layer 11; Second, the telescopic end of the telescopic support cylinder 12 is extended upward and abuts against the bottom of the upper support layer 11, and an upward force is generated at the abutment.

[0091] Optionally, multiple telescopic support cylinders 12 are synchronously controlled to ensure that their lifting heights are consistent, and synchronous control is achieved through a controller; alternatively, the connecting nut 15 can be selectively installed during the test. Since the telescopic support cylinder 12 can effectively support and fix the object, the connecting nut 15 can be left unfixed during the test, or it can be fixed in the corresponding position after the telescopic movement is completed.

[0092] Specifically, when the telescopic support cylinder 12 contacts the upper wall of the connecting channel steel cavity of the detection track 2 and generates a force of 1.5KN, the telescopic support cylinder 12 can stop working. At this time, the support position of the telescopic support cylinder 12 is directly above the support point of the wheel during the pressure test.

[0093] By removing the connecting nut 15 first, interference can be avoided when adjusting the relative position between the upper support layer 11 and the lower support layer 13, and the support seat 1 can be stably supported during the test, avoiding the impact of unstable support on the accuracy of the test results.

[0094] Specifically, during the pressure test, the pressure machine is first started, and its pressure contact lower plane contacts the upper plane of the bogie center plate 5 without generating pressure. After contact, the pressure contact stops pressing down, and the distance H' between the upper plane of the upper support layer 11 and the upper plane of the bogie center plate 5 is measured and recorded. Then, the pressure machine is started again, and its pressure contact continues to move downward. At this time, the pressure value displayed on the pressure machine gradually increases, and the increase in pressure value is proportional to the distance the pressure contact moves downward. When the increase in pressure value displayed on the pressure machine increases dramatically relative to the distance the pressure contact moves downward, the pressure contact moves downward again by approximately a specified value and then stops. The pressure value F1 displayed on the pressure machine is then recorded, and the distance H1 between the upper plane of the upper support layer 11 and the upper plane of the bogie center plate 5 is measured again.

[0095] Finally, based on the pressure value F1 displayed by the press, and according to the stiffness of the bearing spring and the damping spring, the theoretical distance H2 between the upper plane of the bogie 5 center plate and the upper plane of the upper support layer 11 under the action of F1 is calculated. H1 and H2 are compared. If the difference between the two is no more than 5mm, it can be confirmed that the quality of the bogie 5 manufactured is qualified and meets the requirements of the specified technical conditions. If the difference between the two is greater than 5mm, it can be confirmed that the quality of the bogie 5 manufactured is unqualified.

[0096] Specifically, when the pressure contact of the ton press is pressed down until the inner and outer springs are at the same height, only the outer spring of the bogie bears the load, meaning the inner spring of the bogie is unloaded. The stiffness of the outer spring of the bogie is defined as N1, and the stiffness of the inner spring as N2, both in N / mm. At this time, the height difference between the outer and inner springs is h1, in mm. The pressure value of the pressure contact of the ton press is f1, in N. The pressure value is equal to the upward supporting force of the outer spring; therefore, f1 = N1 × h1. From the above formula, it can be seen that based on the stiffness of the outer spring N1 and the pressure... The force value f1 gives the theoretical height difference h1 between the outer and inner springs. It's important to understand that when the press continues to press down, and both the outer and inner springs are compressed by 30mm, they share the load. The pressure value required for this stage is f2 (in N). The formula for calculating pressure f2 is: f2 = 30 × (N1 + N2). The theoretical calculated pressure value F1 displayed by the press at this point is F1 = f1 + f2. The theoretical distance H2 between the upper plane of the bogie center plate 5 and the upper plane of the upper support layer 11 is H2 = h1 + 30. It should be noted that the calculation process and principle for the theoretical distance H2 between the upper plane of the bogie center plate 5 and the upper plane of the upper support layer 11 are existing technologies, and the calculation methods and formulas used are common knowledge in the field, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0097] Preferably, the specified value is 30mm. It should be noted that because the bogie's load-bearing spring is composed of two types of springs, inner and outer, when the pressure contact of the press press is initially pressed down, only the outer round spring of the load-bearing spring bears the load. When the pressure changes drastically, it indicates that the inner and outer springs begin to bear the load together. When the spring compression is about 30mm, the inner and outer springs are in a stable state of compression, which is also the maximum compression state of the inner and outer springs during the load-bearing process. This height basically meets the requirements for the height difference between the inner and outer springs under the empty and loaded conditions of the vehicle, so 30mm is selected.

[0098] The bogie tonnage testing device and method provided in this application can simulate the actual change in the height of the bogie 5 center plate when the vehicle is loaded with different weights of cargo, which is consistent with the actual operating conditions of the vehicle. It can meet the tonnage testing requirements of a full range of bogies 5 with different track gauges and different models and specifications without damaging the existing tonnage press. It provides a strong guarantee for the production quality of the bogie 5, avoids the problem of the overall quality of the whole vehicle being unqualified due to the quality of the bogie 5, and saves the huge cost of adding a new bogie 5 tonnage testing program to the tonnage press.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bogie load-bearing test device, characterized in that, include: A support base (1) is used to be erected on the original track (3); the bottom of the support base (1) extends downward and is supported on the ground; Two detection tracks (2) are parallel and spaced apart on the top of the support base (1), and the detection tracks (2) are parallel to the original track (3); the distance between the two detection tracks (2) is adapted to the width of the wheels on both sides of the bogie (5); and Two sets of positioning components (4) are mounted on the support base (1) and correspond one-to-one with the two original tracks (3); the positioning components (4) are used to adjust the distance between the detection track (2) and the original track (3) by changing the distance between the support base (1) and the original track (3); the positioning components (4) include a telescopic drive cylinder (41), a displacement sensor (43) and an alarm system; the telescopic drive cylinder (41) is fixed on the support base (1); the telescopic end of each set of telescopic drive cylinders (41) extends horizontally and is set towards the corresponding original track (3); the displacement sensor (43) is connected to the fixed end of the telescopic drive cylinder (41) or the support base (1). On the horizontal direction perpendicular to the original track (3), the displacement sensor (43) is used to determine whether the distance between the support base (1) and the original track (3) reaches a preset value; when the telescopic drive cylinder (41) extends, it abuts against the middle part of the original track (3) in the height direction; the alarm system is electrically connected to each of the displacement sensors (43) respectively, and issues a warning when the distance between the support base (1) and the original track (3) reaches a preset value; each telescopic drive cylinder (41) corresponds to a mounting plate (42), one end of the mounting plate (42) is fixed on the support base (1), and the other end extends downward in the vertical direction and is connected to the corresponding telescopic drive cylinder (41); The support base (1) includes a lower support layer (13), multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders (12) and an upper support layer (11); the bottom of the lower support layer (13) is used to support the ground; multiple sets of telescopic support cylinders (12) are arranged in an array on the top surface of the lower support layer (13); the telescopic end of the telescopic support cylinder (12) extends upward; the upper support layer (11) extends along the length direction perpendicular to the original track (3), and both ends are respectively mounted on the original track (3); the bottom of the upper support layer (11) abuts against the extended end of the telescopic support cylinder (12); multiple connecting bolts (14) are fixed in an array on the lower support layer (13), and the upper end of the connecting bolt (14) passes upward through the upper support layer (11) and is connected with a connecting nut (15).

2. A method for testing the tonnage of bogies, characterized in that, The bogie tonnage test is conducted using the bogie tonnage test apparatus as described in claim 1, and the bogie tonnage test method includes the following steps: S1. The support base (1) is hoisted onto the two original tracks (3) by a hoisting crane, so that the upper end of the support base (1) is placed on the original track (3) and the two detection tracks (2) are located directly below the press machine; S2. The distance and height between the detection track (2) and the original track (3) are determined by the positioning component (4), and the detection track (2) is adjusted to a preset position; S3. Adjust the support base (1) and make the support base (1) stable; S4. The bogie (5) is hoisted onto the test track (2) by the hoisting crane, and wheel stops are placed at the front and rear wheels on the same side of the bogie (5); S5. Start the press machine to test the bogie (5) and record the test data.

3. The bogie load test method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the determination of the distance and height between the detection track (2) and the original track (3) by the positioning component (4), and the adjustment of the detection track (2) to the preset position, includes the following steps: S21. The distance between the support base (1) and the original track (3) is measured by the displacement sensor (43), and the position of the support base (1) is adjusted until the distance between the support base (1) and the original track (3) reaches a preset value, and the alarm system issues a warning. S22. Extend the telescopic end of the telescopic drive cylinder (41) and abut it against the middle of the original track (3) in the height direction.

4. The bogie load test method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S3, adjusting the support base (1) and ensuring its stable support includes the following steps: S31. Install the lower support layer (13) on the ground, remove the connecting nut (15), so that the upper support layer (11) is in an unloaded state, and the upper end of the connecting bolt (14) still protrudes from the upper support layer (11); S32. Extend the telescopic end of the telescopic support cylinder (12) upward and abut against the bottom of the upper support layer (11), and generate an upward force at the abutment.

5. The bogie load test method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S5, the process of starting the press to test the bogie (5) and recording the test data includes the following steps: S51. Make the lower plane of the pressure contact of the press contact machine contact the upper plane of the bogie (5) center plate without generating pressure, and record the distance H' between the upper plane of the upper support layer (11) and the upper plane of the bogie (5) center plate; S52. Continue to press the pressure contact downwards so that the pressure value displayed on the press machine's display gradually increases until the increment of the pressure value increases dramatically relative to the distance the pressure contact of the press machine moves downwards. Then, stop moving the pressure contact downwards by a specified value and record the pressure value F1 of the press machine and the distance H1 between the upper plane of the upper support layer (11) and the upper plane of the bogie (5) center plate. S53. Based on the pressure value F1 and in combination with the stiffness of the bearing spring and the damping spring, calculate the theoretical distance H2 between the upper plane of the bogie (5) center plate and the upper plane of the upper support layer (11) under the action of the pressure value F1; when the difference between H1 and H2 is not greater than 5mm, the bogie (5) can be confirmed to be of qualified quality; when the difference between H1 and H2 is greater than 5mm, the bogie (5) can be confirmed to be of unqualified quality.

Images