A soil moisture real-time remote monitoring method and system for precision irrigation

Abstract

A kind of soil moisture real-time remote monitoring method and system for precision irrigation, including unit planting field according to topography division, a soil detection device is arranged in each unit planting field;And network transmission device, irrigation pipe network and irrigation control system are laid;The present application starts from extracting soil water content information, through wired control and wireless sensor network two technologies, respectively, open-loop automatic control system according to pre-set time is started, close irrigation system and closed-loop automatic control system for determining the start and stop time of irrigation system by sensor data feedback and software analysis are established, and irrigation is implemented by fixed sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation, to form intelligent precision irrigation control network system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method and system for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of modern irrigation technology and the widespread application of 3S technology in agriculture, it has become possible for precision irrigation control technology for crops to be widely used in production practices.

[0003] Over the past decade, precision irrigation, as an important component of precision agriculture, has become a hot topic in irrigation science research.

[0004] Currently, the sensors used in integrated water and fertilizer systems monitor and collect limited parameters, typically only soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH. Furthermore, the monitored values ​​often deviate from actual conditions. Most integrated water and fertilizer systems adjust the water-fertilizer ratio by first collecting soil information through sensors, such as soil electrical conductivity, soil pH, and soil temperature and humidity. This monitoring process utilizes various types of sensors, but due to their insufficient accuracy, limited lifespan, and susceptibility to damage from prolonged operation in humid environments, the data monitored by the sensors often deviates significantly from the actual situation, affecting the normal operation of the integrated water and fertilizer IoT system.

[0005] Different crops require different amounts of water and fertilizer at different stages of growth, and even the same crop has different needs at different growth stages. A crop's water and fertilizer requirements can be viewed as a water and fertilizer model, and an integrated water and fertilizer IoT system will complete irrigation and fertilization according to this model. However, an integrated water and fertilizer IoT system typically irrigates and fertilizes multiple crops, and the water and fertilizer requirements of each crop are not entirely the same; furthermore, the water and fertilizer model can vary significantly for the same crop at different growth stages.

[0006] The coordination of environmental information and water and fertilizer models is problematic. Mixed fertilizer algorithms have low accuracy, and the control system's computational power is weak, hindering multi-functional intelligent control. When a crop is at a certain growth stage, changes in environmental factors alter its water and fertilizer requirements, meaning the water and fertilizer model changes. These changes in the information monitored and collected by various sensors affect the decision-making system's judgment.

[0007] The data transmission process is prone to instability and errors. After sensors collect data, the information needs to be transmitted to a computer for calculation and analysis. Data transmission typically uses either wired or wireless methods. The data signal transmission process is susceptible to interference from many environmental factors, such as crop obstruction, damp soil, damage to power lines or other transmission equipment, and damage to the receiving equipment. These disturbances can lead to poor transmission quality.

[0008] Therefore, traditional "water-saving irrigation" is not a fully scientific concept. It only has a vague concept of "quantity" without a precise standard of "degree," and cannot express the true meaning of scientific irrigation. Precision irrigation (or precision irrigation), on the other hand, is an irrigation technology that primarily aims to improve the effective utilization rate of water resources. It involves large-scale irrigation with precise control based on monitoring crop water requirements and soil moisture. This not only achieves water conservation but also, while ensuring crop growth needs, is an important means of improving agricultural product yield and quality through precise control of soil moisture. Furthermore, modern agriculture increasingly integrates fertilization and pesticide application with irrigation. Therefore, precision large-scale irrigation is also an important measure to improve fertilizer and pesticide efficiency and reduce environmental pollution. In recent years, precision irrigation has attracted increasing attention, and the development of precision large-scale irrigation has become a major research focus and hot topic in high-efficiency field agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to achieve precision irrigation, and to provide a method and system for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation.

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0011] A method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation includes the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Field Investigation and Analysis Stage: For the fields to be planted, divide them into planting units according to the terrain. Set up a soil testing device in each planting unit. The soil testing device collects soil information from each layer of the soil profile of the planting unit, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information; at the same time, collect environmental data of the planting field.

[0013] Step 2: Based on the data collected in Step 1, establish a simulated experimental field for this unit's planting field in the laboratory, and simulate and establish suitable soil moisture regulation indicators for different crops.

[0014] Step 3: In the simulated experimental field, based on the data obtained in Step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil testing devices, network transmission devices, irrigation pipe networks and irrigation control systems are arranged in each unit planting field, and soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification tests are carried out to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the quantitative irrigation quantity reaches the specified accuracy.

[0015] Step 4: Move to the actual planting field for full installation and formal operation; during the field operation phase, personnel are on duty at both the indoor computer control console and the field test area to observe; indoor personnel process the collected soil moisture information using the geographic information system, and compare it with the in-situ soil moisture measurement results in the field according to the crop growth period and weather forecast, and adjust the irrigation time and amount, and finally form the irrigation water prescription for different planting units in the field.

[0016] Step 2 includes:

[0017] Step 2.1: Establish the soil water balance equation for each unit of planting field as follows:

[0018] P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW;

[0019] Where T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep soil moisture infiltration; CR is capillary water increase; and ΔSW is change in soil root zone moisture content.

[0020] Step 2.2: Based on the established soil water balance equation, establish models for the upper and lower limits of optimal irrigation and the optimal irrigation amount for each growth stage of field crops. The models are as follows:

[0021] Optimal irrigation volume I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P

[0022] Among them, DP z denoted as the soil moisture deep infiltration rate at depth z, where a is a coefficient and t is the irrigation time.

[0023] Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi ,

[0024] Wherein, ΔP hi This represents the maximum additional irrigation required for the i-th growth stage of a field crop.

[0025] Y m Let Y be the water volume inside the pipes in the m-th unit of the planting field, and Y m =kx m +b,

[0026] Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, and x mLet be the output value of the soil moisture sensor module in the soil detection device 3 in the m-th unit of the planting field, where m = 1, 2, ..., n, and n is the total number of measurements taken by the soil moisture sensor module in the m-th unit of the planting field.

[0027] Optimal Irrigation Lower Limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li ,

[0028] Wherein, ΔP li This represents the maximum water shortage that a field crop can withstand during the i-th growth stage.

[0029] Step 2.3: If the soil moisture control index of two adjacent planting units is within the acceptable range, then the corresponding two planting units shall be merged.

[0030] Step 3 includes:

[0031] Step 3.1: Based on the depth to which the soil testing device was inserted in Step 1, the soil testing device was still set up at the same depth in the simulated experimental field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each soil layer at depth z were collected.

[0032] Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipelines, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems;

[0033] Step 3.3: Based on the model established in Step 2, simulate various parameters and make corrections and adjustments;

[0034] Step 3.3.1: Select the crop to be planted;

[0035] Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, adjust ΔP. hi ΔP li DP at various depths in each unit of the planting field z The values, a, and t parameters are preset; based on the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation volume I at depth z is determined. bz Irrigation;

[0036] Step 3.3.4: Based on crop growth, conduct soil moisture data collection, data transmission, and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification experiments, dynamically adjusting various parameters. The precise irrigation amount must not exceed the optimal irrigation upper limit I. hiz It is not lower than the optimal irrigation lower limit I liz This ensures that data transmission is accurate and that the amount of water used for irrigation meets the specified precision.

[0037] A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation includes unit planting fields divided according to terrain, with a soil testing device installed in each unit planting field; and a network transmission device, irrigation pipeline network and irrigation control system are laid.

[0038] The soil testing device includes a hollow anchor rod, which has several electrical interfaces along its height. Each electrical interface is connected to a soil layer detection support rod, and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer detection support rod. The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module and a temperature sensor. The soil moisture sensor module and the temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer.

[0039] Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated experimental field. The irrigation pipes include a main irrigation control pipe, unit irrigation branch pipes located above the surface of each unit planting field, and deep irrigation micropipes located at various depths of the soil in each unit planting field. The main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micropipes at each layer.

[0040] An on / off control valve is installed on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is installed on the unit irrigation branch pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is installed on each depth irrigation micro-pipe; the on / off control valve and the proportional regulating valve are all connected to the irrigation control system.

[0041] The depth of the deep irrigation microtube is the same as that of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device, that is, a deep irrigation microtube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

[0042] A spiral support frame is provided at the end of the soil layer detection rod, and the soil moisture sensor module and temperature sensor are respectively installed on the spiral support frame; the spiral support frame is sleeved on the longitudinal mounting block, which is connected to the end of the soil layer detection rod.

[0043] The network transmission device includes wired and wireless remote transmission systems.

[0044] The irrigation control system includes open-circuit and closed-circuit control systems.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention starts by extracting soil moisture content information, and through wired control and wireless sensor network technologies, it respectively establishes an open-circuit automatic control system that starts and stops the irrigation system according to a preset time, and a closed-circuit automatic control system that determines the start and stop time of the irrigation system through sensor data feedback and software analysis. Irrigation is implemented through fixed sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and seepage irrigation, thereby forming an intelligent precision irrigation control network system. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planting field according to the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the soil testing device in this invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is the electrical schematic diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0051] Taking field crops as the research object, this study combines GPS, GIS and computer control technology, and utilizes a self-developed soil moisture (soil moisture) sensor and Internet network transmission system. It adopts an irrigation network system consisting of irrigation devices (sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation or seepage irrigation) installed between crop rows and the arrangement of field water delivery pipelines. Based on the real-time remote monitoring and forecasting of soil moisture in different management units, and referring to the water requirements of crop growth and development stages and weather forecasts, it carries out timely and appropriate precision irrigation, realizing intelligent monitoring of soil moisture throughout the entire growth and development process of crops.

[0052] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation includes the following steps:

[0053] Step 1: Field Investigation and Analysis Stage: For the field 1 to be planted, divide it into planting units 2 according to the terrain (the area of ​​each planting unit can be equal or unequal, depending on the terrain). Set up a soil testing device 3 in each planting unit. The soil testing device 3 collects soil information of each layer of the soil profile of the planting unit, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information; at the same time, it collects environmental data of the planting field, including rainfall, ambient temperature and humidity, etc.

[0054] The soil testing device 3 includes a hollow anchor rod 31, which has several electrical interfaces 32 arranged along its height. Each electrical interface 32 is connected to a soil layer testing support rod 33, and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer testing support rod 33. The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module 34 and a temperature sensor 35. The soil moisture sensor module and the temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer.

[0055] Furthermore, a spiral support frame 36 is provided at the end of the soil layer detection rod 33, and the soil moisture sensor module 34 and temperature sensor 35 are respectively mounted on the spiral support frame 36. It should be noted that the spiral support frame 36 is sleeved on the longitudinal mounting block, which is connected to the end of the soil layer detection rod 33. In addition, the spiral support frame 36 spirals along the soil height direction, so that when the hollow anchor rod 31 spirals downward into the soil, the spiral support frame can also spiral into the soil.

[0056] Step 2: Based on the data collected in Step 1, establish a simulated experimental field for this unit's planting field in the laboratory, and simulate suitable soil moisture regulation indicators for different crops (wheat, rice, corn, etc.).

[0057] Step 2.1: Establish the soil water balance equation for each unit of planting field as follows:

[0058] P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW; (1)

[0059] Where T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep soil moisture infiltration; CR is capillary water increase; and ΔSW is change in soil root zone moisture content.

[0060] Step 2.2: Soil moisture content determination based on soil dielectric theory and frequency domain methods is volumetric water content. Volumetric water content determination is significantly influenced by soil physicochemical properties. Different crops exhibit varying sensitivities to soil moisture at different growth stages, resulting in different optimal irrigation amounts. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the upper and lower limits of optimal irrigation and the optimal irrigation amount for the corresponding growth stages based on the crop's response to soil moisture sensors and soil properties.

[0061] Therefore, based on the established soil water balance equation, models for the optimal upper and lower limits of irrigation and the optimal irrigation amount for each growth stage of field crops are established, as follows:

[0062] Optimal irrigation volume I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P (2)

[0063] Among them, DP z denoted as z, where a is the soil moisture infiltration rate at depth z, a is a coefficient, and t is the irrigation time. Since the water infiltration rate varies at different depths, the time factor is considered.

[0064] Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi , (3)

[0065] Wherein, ΔP hi This represents the maximum additional irrigation required for the i-th growth stage of a field crop.

[0066] Y m Let Y be the water volume inside the pipes in the m-th unit of the planting field, and Y m =kx m +b, (4)

[0067] Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, and x m Let be the output value of the soil moisture sensor module 34 in the soil detection device 3 in the m-th unit of the planting field, where m = 1, 2, ..., n, and n is the total number of measurements taken by the soil moisture sensor module in the m-th unit of the planting field.

[0068] Optimal Irrigation Lower Limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li , (5)

[0069] Wherein, ΔP li This represents the maximum water shortage that a field crop can withstand during its i-th growth stage.

[0070] Step 2.3: Better yet, if the soil moisture control index of two adjacent planting units is within the acceptable range, then the corresponding two planting units should be merged. In this way, the entire planting area can be accurately divided into planting areas with the same conditions, laying a good foundation for achieving precise control.

[0071] Step 3: In the simulated experimental field, based on the data obtained in Step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil testing device 3, network transmission device, irrigation network and irrigation control system are arranged in each unit planting field. Soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification tests are carried out to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the quantitative irrigation quantity reaches the specified accuracy.

[0072] Step 3.1: Based on the insertion depth of the soil testing device 3 in Step 1, the soil testing device 3 is still set at the same depth in the simulated experimental field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each soil layer at depth z are collected.

[0073] Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipelines, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems;

[0074] Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated experimental field. The irrigation pipes include a main irrigation control pipe, unit irrigation branch pipes located above the surface of each unit planting field 2, and deep irrigation micropipes located at various depths of the soil in each unit planting field 2. The main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micropipes of each layer.

[0075] It should be noted that an on / off control valve is installed on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is installed on the unit irrigation branch pipes, and a proportional regulating valve is installed on each depth irrigation micro-pipe. All of these on / off control valves and proportional regulating valves are connected to the irrigation control system.

[0076] In addition, the depth of the deep irrigation microtube is the same as that of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device 3, that is, a deep irrigation microtube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

[0077] Step 3.3: Based on the model established in Step 2, simulate various parameters and make corrections and adjustments.

[0078] Step 3.3.1: Select the crop to be planted;

[0079] Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, adjust ΔP. hi ΔP li DP at various depths in each unit of the planting field z The values, a, t, and other parameters are preset; according to the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation volume I at depth z is determined. bz Irrigation;

[0080] Step 3.3.4: Based on the crop growth, conduct soil moisture data collection, data transmission, and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification experiments, dynamically adjust each parameter, and ensure that the data transmission is accurate and the quantitative irrigation amount reaches the specified accuracy.

[0081] Step 4: Move the equipment to the actual planting field 1 for full installation and formal operation. During the field operation phase, personnel are stationed at both the indoor computer control console and the field test area for observation. Indoor personnel process the collected soil moisture information using a geographic information system (GIS), and compare it with the in-situ soil moisture measurement results based on crop growth stages and weather forecasts to adjust irrigation time and volume, ultimately generating irrigation water prescriptions for different planting units 2. In this irrigation water prescription, the present invention not only provides precise irrigation for different planting units, but also achieves precise irrigation at different depths within a single planting unit.

[0082] A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation includes unit planting fields 2 divided according to the terrain, with a soil testing device 3 installed in each unit planting field 2; and a network transmission device, irrigation pipeline network and irrigation control system are laid.

[0083] The soil testing device 3 includes a hollow anchor rod 31, with several electrical interfaces 32 arranged along its height. Each electrical interface 32 is connected to a soil layer detection support rod 33, and a soil layer sensor assembly is installed at the end of the support rod 33. The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module 34 and a temperature sensor 35. The soil moisture sensor module and temperature sensor respectively collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer. Since the position of the electrical interface 32 on the hollow anchor rod 31 is fixed, the depth difference of the soil layer sensor assemblies at different depths is also fixed, which is useful for determining the deep infiltration amount of soil moisture at a certain depth. Once the insertion depth of the soil testing device 3 is determined, the depth of each soil layer sensor assembly is also determined.

[0084] Furthermore, a spiral support frame 36 is provided at the end of the soil layer detection rod 33, and the soil moisture sensor module 34 and temperature sensor 35 are respectively mounted on the spiral support frame 36. It should be noted that the spiral support frame 36 is sleeved on the longitudinal mounting block, which is connected to the end of the soil layer detection rod 33. In addition, the spiral support frame 36 spirals along the soil height direction, so that when the hollow anchor rod 31 spirals downward into the soil, the spiral support frame can also spiral into the soil.

[0085] Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated experimental field. The irrigation pipes include a main irrigation control pipe, unit irrigation branch pipes located above the surface of each unit planting field 2, and deep irrigation micropipes located at various depths of the soil in each unit planting field 2. The main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micropipes of each layer.

[0086] It should be noted that an on / off control valve is installed on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is installed on the unit irrigation branch pipes, and a proportional regulating valve is installed on each depth irrigation micro-pipe. All of these on / off control valves and proportional regulating valves are connected to the control system.

[0087] In addition, the depth of the deep irrigation microtube is the same as that of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the soil detection device 3, that is, a deep irrigation microtube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

[0088] The network transmission device includes wired and wireless remote transmission systems. According to the networking method, the network transmission device can be further divided into wired and wireless transmission control systems. The wired transmission control system uses wired connections from the soil moisture sensor module 34 to the irrigation volume control, offering advantages such as high control accuracy, good reliability, and fast response speed, but disadvantages such as large wiring workload and high cost. The wireless remote transmission system uses the wirelessly transmitted soil moisture sensor module 34 and irrigation controller (RS485 interface and standard communication protocol) interconnected with the information network to form a remote monitoring system, truly realizing the automation and precision of precision irrigation. It has advantages such as small installation workload and strong adaptability, but the data transmission response speed is slower. Therefore, it is necessary to establish two precision irrigation technology systems based on wired and wireless remote transmission to meet different user needs.

[0089] The irrigation control system includes open-circuit and closed-circuit control systems. Based on the composition and feedback mechanism of the automatic irrigation control system, it can be divided into open-circuit and closed-circuit automatic control systems. The open-circuit automatic control system opens and closes various control valves in the irrigation network according to preset times. The closed-circuit automatic control system uses sensor data feedback and the model established in this invention to control the opening and closing times of the irrigation system and the adjustment ratios and on / off states of each valve. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a precision irrigation technology system for major crops under both control system conditions.

[0090] It should be noted that the switching circuit for selecting open-circuit control or closed-circuit control is existing technology.

[0091] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the overall concept of the present invention, and these should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for real-time remote monitoring of soil moisture for precision irrigation, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Field investigation and analysis stage: For the field to be planted (1), divide it into unit planting fields (2) according to the terrain. Set up a soil testing device (3) in each unit planting field. The soil testing device (3) collects soil information of each layer of the soil profile of the unit planting field, including soil moisture, temperature, humidity and pH information; at the same time, it collects environmental data of the planting field. Step 2: Based on the data collected in Step 1, establish a simulated experimental field for this unit's planting field in the laboratory, and simulate and establish suitable soil moisture regulation indicators for different crops. Step 2 includes: Step 2.1: Establish the soil water balance equation for each unit of planting field as follows: P+I+CR=SR+DP+T-ΔSW; Where T is crop transpiration; P is rainfall; I is irrigation; SR is surface runoff; DP is deep soil moisture infiltration; CR is capillary water increase; and ΔSW is change in soil root zone moisture content. Step 2.2: Based on the established soil water balance equation, establish models for the upper and lower limits of optimal irrigation and the optimal irrigation amount for each growth stage of field crops. The models are as follows: Optimal irrigation volume I at depth z bz = SR+DP z *at+T-ΔSW-Y m -P Among them, DP z denoted as the soil moisture deep infiltration rate at depth z, where a is a coefficient and t is the irrigation time. Optimal irrigation limit I hiz =SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P +ΔP hi , Wherein, ΔP hi This represents the maximum additional irrigation required for the i-th growth stage of a field crop. Y m Let Y be the water volume inside the pipes in the m-th unit of the planting field, and Y m =kx m +b, Where k,b are the calibration curve coefficients of the dielectric soil moisture sensor module, and x m Let be the output value of the soil moisture sensor module in the soil detection device 3 in the m-th unit of the planting field, where m = 1, 2, ..., n, and n is the total number of measurements taken by the soil moisture sensor module in the m-th unit of the planting field. Optimal Irrigation Lower Limit I liz = SR+DP z *at +T-ΔSW-Y m -P -ΔP li , Wherein, ΔP li This represents the maximum water shortage that a field crop can withstand during the i-th growth stage. Step 2.3: If the soil moisture control index of two adjacent planting units is within the acceptable range, then the corresponding two planting units shall be merged. Step 3: In the simulated experimental field, based on the data obtained in Step 2, each unit planting field is arranged, including: soil testing device (3), network transmission device, irrigation network and irrigation control system arranged in each unit planting field, to carry out soil moisture data collection, data transmission and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification test, to ensure that the data transmission is correct and the quantitative irrigation quantity reaches the specified accuracy. Step 3 includes: Step 3.1: Based on the depth of the soil testing device (3) inserted in Step 1, the soil testing device (3) is still set at the same depth in the simulated experimental field, and the soil moisture and temperature of each soil layer at depth z are collected; Step 3.2: Simulate the laying of irrigation pipelines, network transmission devices, and irrigation control systems; Step 3.3: Based on the model established in Step 2, simulate various parameters and make corrections and adjustments; Step 3.3.1: Select the crop to be planted; Step 3.3.2: Based on the conditions in the simulated experimental field and based on experience, adjust ΔP. hi ΔP li DP at various depths in each unit of the planting field z The values, a, and t parameters are preset; based on the model established in step 2, the optimal irrigation volume I at depth z is determined. bz Irrigation; Step 3.3.4: Based on the crop growth, conduct soil moisture data collection, data transmission, and quantitative irrigation debugging and modification experiments, dynamically adjust each parameter, and ensure that the data transmission is accurate and the quantitative irrigation amount reaches the specified accuracy. Step 4: Move to the actual planting field (1) for full installation and formal operation; during the field operation phase, personnel are on duty at both the indoor computer control console and the field test area; indoor personnel process the collected soil moisture information using the geographic information system, and compare it with the in-situ soil moisture measurement results in the field according to the crop growth period and weather forecast, and finally form the irrigation water prescription for different planting units (2) in the field.

2. A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture for precision irrigation, characterized in that: The system includes unit planting fields (2) divided according to the terrain, with a soil testing device (3) installed in each unit planting field (2); and a network transmission device, irrigation pipeline and irrigation control system are laid; the irrigation control system adopts the method described in claim 1; The soil testing device (3) includes a hollow anchor rod (31), which has several electrical interfaces (32) along its height. Each electrical interface (32) is connected to a soil layer testing support rod (33), and a soil layer sensor assembly is provided at the end of the soil layer testing support rod (33). The soil layer sensor assembly includes a soil moisture sensor module (34) and a temperature sensor (35). The soil moisture sensor module and the temperature sensor collect the soil moisture and temperature of the layer, respectively. A spiral support frame (36) is provided at the end of the soil layer detection rod (33), and the soil moisture sensor module (34) and temperature sensor (35) are respectively installed on the spiral support frame (36); the spiral support frame (36) is sleeved on the longitudinal mounting block, and the longitudinal mounting block is connected to the end of the soil layer detection rod (33); Irrigation pipes are laid in the simulated experimental field. The irrigation pipes include a main irrigation control pipe, unit irrigation branch pipes located above the surface of each unit planting field (2), and deep irrigation micro pipes located at the depth of each soil layer in the unit planting field (2). The main irrigation control pipe is connected to at least one unit irrigation branch pipe, and each unit irrigation branch pipe is connected to the deep irrigation micro pipes of each layer. An on / off control valve is installed on the main irrigation control pipe, a proportional regulating valve is installed on the unit irrigation branch pipe, and a proportional regulating valve is installed on each depth irrigation micro-pipe; the on / off control valve and the proportional regulating valve are all connected to the irrigation control system. The depth of the soil layer sensor components in each layer of the deep irrigation microtube and the soil detection device (3) is the same, that is, a deep irrigation microtube is set at the depth of each soil layer sensor component.

3. A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture in precision irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The network transmission device includes wired and wireless remote transmission systems.

4. A real-time remote monitoring system for soil moisture in precision irrigation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The irrigation control system includes open-circuit and closed-circuit control systems.

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