A face rockfill dam with full pressure vertical joint design

Abstract

This invention discloses a rockfill dam with a fully compressible vertical joint design, comprising concrete panels with vertical joints between them. These vertical joints are compressible vertical joints, with a joint width greater than or equal to 3 mm, and are filled with EPDM rubber sheets. This invention provides a rockfill dam with a fully compressible vertical joint design that avoids the generation of compression cracks. The rupture of W-shaped water-stop copper sheets is used to determine whether leakage has occurred in the dam body. A monitoring unit performs point-by-point monitoring of the entire dam body, thereby achieving precise monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rockfill dam technology, and in particular to a panel rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design. Background Technology

[0002] The history of concrete-faced rockfill dams spans over 100 years. Currently, concrete-faced rockfill dams have become one of the most widely adopted dam types in the dam engineering field. The height of concrete-faced dams has also increased significantly with the improvement of scientific research level and design technology, as well as the development of construction technology and compaction machinery. The highest concrete-faced dam under construction in China has reached 247m.

[0003] As described in publication number CN111270654B, the rockfill dam with concrete face adopts a design of tension joints on both banks and compression joints in the middle to avoid the generation of compression joints. However, in actual engineering, there are still a large number of cracks in the tension joint area on both banks. After the cracks are generated, the dam begins to seep water, which in turn affects the safety of the dam body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a panel rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a rockfill dam with a fully compressible vertical joint design, comprising concrete panels, wherein vertical joints exist between the concrete panels, the vertical joints are compressible vertical joints, the joint width of the compressible vertical joints is greater than or equal to 3 mm, and the compressible vertical joints are filled with EPDM rubber sheets.

[0006] Its effectiveness lies in the fact that by setting all the vertical joints of the concrete-faced rockfill dam as pressure joints, the generation of compression cracks is effectively avoided.

[0007] In the above scheme, preferably, when the concrete panel is ordinary concrete, the width of the pressure vertical joint at both ends is greater than or equal to 4.5mm.

[0008] In the above scheme, preferably, when the concrete panel is shrinkage-compensating concrete, the width of the pressure vertical joint at both banks is greater than or equal to 9.9 mm.

[0009] In the above scheme, preferably, a W-shaped water-stop copper sheet is disposed below the vertical joint to prevent water seepage. The two ends of the water-stop copper sheet are respectively connected to the bottom surface of two adjacent concrete panels, and the middle protrusion is located inside the vertical joint. A cement mortar pad is disposed on the pad layer below the vertical joint to support the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet.

[0010] In the above scheme, preferably, a monitoring line is pre-embedded under the concrete panel and connected to the monitoring unit in the control room. A traveling wire is arranged on the lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet, and the two ends of the traveling wire are connected to the monitoring line. When the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet is damaged due to settlement, the traveling wire is disconnected and the monitoring unit identifies it.

[0011] In the above scheme, preferably, a filling device is laid on the cement mortar pad, which is located in the convex cavity in the middle of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. The filling device includes an expansion ring and an injection port. The expansion ring is used to cooperate with the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet to seal the front and back of the tear position, and the injection port is used to inject sealant.

[0012] In the above scheme, preferably, multiple sets of accompanying wires are evenly arranged on the lower end surface of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet, which are adapted to the pre-embedded monitoring line, and the position of the expansion ring is located in the middle of two accompanying wires, and the injection port is located below the accompanying wires.

[0013] In the above scheme, preferably, the monitoring unit is used to connect to the monitoring line on the dam. When the concrete panel is displaced, the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet cracks, and the accompanying wire at this location is disconnected. After the monitoring unit detects the abnormality of the line, it issues an alarm and the filling device is activated. The monitoring unit controls the expansion rings before and after the abnormal accompanying wire to expand, sealing the area before and after the crack in the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. The injection port injects sealant into the sealing cavity to fill and repair the crack area.

[0014] In the above scheme, preferably, the sealant has a specific gravity greater than water and is an insulating material, so that water is squeezed out from the cracks or gaps in the cement mortar pad during the injection process.

[0015] In the above scheme, preferably, when the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet breaks, water enters through the gap, and the disconnected traveling wire becomes connected again under the action of intrusion. The voltage at both ends of the traveling wire drops. After the crack is sealed by the sealant, both ends of the traveling wire are wrapped by the sealant, and then become disconnected again. The repair status is determined by identifying the voltage status of the traveling wire.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention provides a rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design, which avoids the generation of compression cracks through the fully pressurized joint design, determines whether the dam body is leaking by the cracking of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet, and monitors the entire dam body at various points through the monitoring unit, thereby achieving precise monitoring. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the concrete panel of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a magnified view of a portion of the vertical seam of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a partially enlarged view of the filling device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the filling device inside the convex cavity of the W-type water-stopping copper sheet of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a control flowchart of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: Example 1:

[0024] See Figures 1-3 A fully compressible vertical joint design for a rockfill dam includes concrete panels 2 and a subbase 1. The subbase is laid first. After the subbase is laid, a cement mortar subbase is laid at the vertical joint location. After the cement mortar subbase solidifies, a W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 is placed on top, and then the concrete panels 2 are poured. A vertical joint is set between every two concrete panels 2. Existing treatments for vertical joints include compressive joint design and tension joint design. The difference between compressive joints and tension joints lies in the size of the gap. The tension joint design has a gap width of 2mm and the joint surface is coated with 2mm asphalt latex. The compressive joint design has a gap width of 15mm and is filled with a 15mm thick EPDM rubber sheet. The rest are the same. This embodiment adopts a fully compressible vertical joint design, which effectively avoids the generation of compression gaps. The middle position uses the traditional compressive joint design, while the banks use a newly designed compressive joint design.

[0025] When ordinary concrete is used for pouring, the width of the compression joint on both sides should not be less than 3mm. Based on this, a 1.5 times allowance coefficient is set, so the joint width should not be less than 4.5mm. The joint is filled with elastic sealant. Since the shrinkage-compensating concrete will expand after pouring, the expansion in the width direction reaches a peak of 3.6mm when the concrete age is 14 days. Adding the 3mm foundation joint width, the joint width should not be less than 6.6mm. With a 1.5 times allowance coefficient, the joint width should not be less than 9.9mm. The joint is filled with elastic sealant. The elastic sealant has an elastic modulus of 1.5MPa-2.5MPa, a compression coefficient of about 50%, and a rebound coefficient of more than 90%, such as EPDM rubber sheet.

[0026] Monitoring lines are pre-embedded during the laying of the subbase. At the same time, a W-type water-stop copper sheet 32 ​​is arranged on the lower end surface of the W-type water-stop copper sheet 3. The accompanying wire 32 is a single thin wire with a waterproof coating on its surface. It is firmly attached to the bottom surface of the W-type water-stop copper sheet 3. When the W-type water-stop copper sheet 3 breaks, the accompanying wire 32 also breaks.

[0027] Multiple sets of accompanying wires 32 are evenly arranged on the lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3, and each accompanying wire 32 is connected to an independent monitoring line, so that each set of monitoring lines will not affect each other. The monitoring line is directly connected to the monitoring unit in the control room, and the monitoring unit can detect the status of the monitoring line in real time. The two ends of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 are fixed in the two adjacent concrete panels when the concrete panel is poured, and the middle protrusion of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 is located at the vertical joint, so that it has deformation margin when the two adjacent concrete panels deform.

[0028] When the concrete panel causes the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet to crack, the accompanying wire 32 arranged on the lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet will also break, thus causing the monitoring line to be disconnected. Each independent accompanying wire 32 is an independent monitoring point. The monitoring unit forms a complete monitoring point map of the dam surface based on the evenly distributed accompanying wires 32 on the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3, and monitors the dam in real time.

[0029] When the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet cracks due to the location of the concrete panel, the monitoring circuit is broken, which triggers an alarm from the monitoring unit in the control room, displaying the location of the crack.

[0030] Because other anti-seepage components are installed at the top of the vertical joint, when the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet breaks, the dam water will not necessarily directly intrude. The dam water will only intrude from the break when both the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet and the anti-seepage components fail.

[0031] If the accompanying conductor 32 remains in an open circuit state after the circuit is broken, it is determined that there is no water leakage.

[0032] When the accompanying conductor 32 is disconnected and then reconnected, and the voltage or current in the monitoring line changes, water from the dam intrudes and the seeping water reconnects the broken section of the line, thus making the accompanying conductor 32 reconnected. At the same time, the voltage or current in the monitoring line changes, thus indicating that a leak has occurred.

[0033] Example 2:

[0034] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the structure of the filling device 4; all other aspects are the same. See also... Figures 1-6A cavity 31 is formed between the central protrusion of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 and the underlying cement mortar pad. A filling device 4 is arranged inside the cavity 31. The filling device 4 includes an expansion ring 41, an injection port 42, and a pipe fitting 43. The expansion ring 41 is made of elastic material. When gas or liquid is injected into the expansion ring 41, the expansion ring 41 will expand and deform. After deformation and expansion, the peripheral wall of the expansion ring 41 presses against the peripheral wall of the cavity 31, thereby sealing the cavity 31 and separating the connected cavities 31. The pipe fitting 43 is equipped with a dual channel, including a first pipe 431 and a second pipe 432. The first pipe 431 and the second pipe 432 are evenly provided with connecting holes. The expansion ring 41 is connected to the connecting hole on the first pipe 431 through the control valve 433. When the control valve 433 is opened, the first pipe 431 is connected to the expansion ring 41, thereby supplying fluid to the expansion ring 41. The second pipe 432 is also evenly provided with connecting holes. The injection port 42 is connected to the connecting hole on the second pipe 432 through the control valve 433. When the control valve 433 is opened, the second pipe 432 is connected to the injection port 42, thereby supplying sealant to the injection port 42. The sealant is sprayed outward from the injection port 42.

[0035] Pipe fitting 43 can be pre-embedded in the pad 1, and several countersunk holes are opened on the upper surface of the pad 1 to place the control valve 433. The connecting hole on the pipe fitting 43 is connected to the control valve 433 through a soft pressure-resistant pipe. The control valve 433 can also be directly connected to the injection port 42 or the expansion ring 41 or connected through a soft pressure-resistant pipe.

[0036] The connection between the first pipe 431 and the second pipe 432 and the control valve 433 can also be achieved by cutting off the first pipe 431 or the second pipe 432 at the location where a connecting hole is opened, installing a single-connector at the cut-off point, and then connecting the rear end of the first pipe 431 or the second pipe 432. The third connector is used to connect to the control valve 433 and is sealed at the end of the first pipe 431 or the second pipe 432.

[0037] Multiple traveling wires 32 are evenly arranged on the lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3. Each traveling wire 32 is responsible for monitoring the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 within a certain area. The expansion rings 41 are set in conjunction with the traveling wires 32. An expansion ring 41 is set at the middle position of every two traveling wires 32, and an expansion ring 41 is set at the uppermost and lowermost ends of the vertical seam. In a continuous vertical seam, a continuous W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3 is arranged, thus making the convex cavity 31 continuous. The pipe fitting 43 is also continuously arranged. All the expansion rings 41 in this convex cavity 31 are connected in parallel to the pipe fitting 43. At the same time, all the injection ports 42 in the convex cavity 31 are also connected in parallel to the pipe fitting 43. Each expansion ring 41 and injection port 42 is equipped with... There is an independent control valve 433, which is controlled by a monitoring unit. The first pipe 431 of the pipe fitting 43 is connected to an air compressor to provide compressed air to the first pipe 431. The first pipe 431 of the pipe fitting 43 can also be connected to an injection pump to supply high-pressure liquid to the first pipe 431. When the control valve 433 on the expansion ring is opened, the fluid can quickly enter the expansion ring 41, causing it to expand rapidly and seal the convex cavity 31. The second pipe 432 of the pipe fitting 43 is connected to an adhesive injection pump to supply sealant to the second pipe 432. When the control valve 433 on the injection port 42 is opened, the sealant in the second pipe 432 is sprayed out from the injection port 42 to perform the filling operation.

[0038] When an abnormality occurs in the traveling wire 32 at any location, the monitoring unit controls the control valve 433 of the two expansion rings 41 above and below at that location to open, thereby expanding the expansion rings 41 and independently sealing the convex cavity 31 at that location, so that the water seepage is contained at the crack of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet 3.

[0039] When the monitoring unit issues an alarm, the expansion rings 41 at both ends of the accompanying wire 32 at the abnormal location expand, thereby dividing the convex cavity 31 in this area into independent chambers according to the position of each accompanying wire 32. The control valve 433 of the injection port 42 at the abnormal location of the accompanying wire 32 opens, and the injection port 42 injects sealant into the separated independent chambers, so that the sealant fills the independent chambers and fills the gaps.

[0040] When no leakage occurs, after the independent chamber is filled, the sealant is squeezed into the gap of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. At this time, the pressure in the independent chamber will increase. A pressure detection unit is arranged around the injection port 42. Since the volume of the independent chamber is uniformly arranged due to the accompanying wires 32, the independent chamber corresponding to each accompanying wire 32 is initially fixed. Therefore, when the amount of sealant injected is greater than the initial volume of the independent chamber, and the pressure value detected by the pressure detection unit reaches the set value, the injection stops, and the repair is completed.

[0041] In the event of leakage, a sealant is injected into the independent chamber. The sealant has a higher specific gravity than water and is an insulating material. During the injection process, water is squeezed out from the cracks or gaps in the cement mortar pad. When the sealant fills the gaps of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet, the two ends of the broken accompanying wire 32 located below the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet are wrapped with sealant, and the broken accompanying wire 32 returns to the blocking state. Therefore, when the amount of sealant injected is greater than the initial volume of the independent chamber, the pressure value detected by the pressure detection unit reaches the set value, and the monitoring line is broken again, the injection port 42 stops injecting, and the repair is completed.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design, characterized in that: Includes concrete panels, wherein vertical joints exist between the concrete panels, and the vertical joints are compressible vertical joints; The width of the compression vertical seam is greater than or equal to 3 mm, and the compression vertical seam is filled with EPDM rubber sheet. Below the vertical joint, a W-shaped water-stop copper sheet is installed to prevent water seepage. The two ends of the water-stop copper sheet are respectively connected to the bottom surface of two adjacent concrete panels, and the middle protrusion is located inside the vertical joint. A cement mortar pad is installed on the pad layer below the vertical joint to support the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. A monitoring line is pre-embedded under the concrete panel and is connected to the monitoring unit in the control room. A traveling wire is arranged on the lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. The two ends of the traveling wire are connected to the monitoring line. When the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet is damaged due to settlement, the traveling wire is disconnected and the monitoring unit identifies it. A filling device is laid on the cement mortar pad, which is located in the convex cavity in the middle of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. The filling device includes an expansion ring and an injection port. The expansion ring is used to cooperate with the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet to seal the front and back of the tear position, and the injection port is used to inject sealant. When the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet breaks, water seeps in through the gap. The disconnected traveling conductor becomes connected again due to the intrusion. The voltage or current in the monitoring line changes. After the crack is sealed with sealant, both ends of the traveling conductor are wrapped with sealant, and it becomes disconnected again. The repair status is determined by identifying the voltage status of the traveling conductor.

2. The rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the concrete panel is ordinary concrete, the width of the pressure vertical joint at both ends is greater than or equal to 4.5 mm.

3. A rockfill dam with a fully compressible vertical joint design according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the concrete panel is shrinkage-compensating concrete, the width of the vertical joints at both banks is greater than or equal to 9.9 mm.

4. A rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end face of the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet is evenly arranged with multiple sets of accompanying wires, which are compatible with the pre-embedded monitoring line. The expansion ring is located in the middle of two accompanying wires, and the injection port is located below the accompanying wires.

5. The rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design according to claim 4, characterized in that: The monitoring unit is used to connect to the monitoring line on the dam. The displacement of the concrete panel caused the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet to break, and the accompanying wire at this location was disconnected. After the monitoring unit detected the abnormality of the line, it issued an alarm. The filling device is then activated. The monitoring unit controls the expansion rings before and after the abnormal accompanying wire position to expand, sealing the cracks in the W-shaped water-stop copper sheet. The injection port injects filler into the sealing cavity to fill and repair the crack area.

6. A rockfill dam with a fully pressurized vertical joint design according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sealant has a specific gravity greater than water and is an insulating material. During the injection process, water is squeezed out from the cracks or gaps in the cement mortar layer.

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