A device for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis in the whole fermentation cycle and a measuring method thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of biochemical reaction kinetics and chemical measurement, and discloses a kind of starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction kinetics measuring device and its measuring method in whole fermentation cycle.The application uses high repetition frequency ultrafast laser as a probe light source, which can continuously capture the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics behavior of femtosecond order in the reaction system, and the probe light source is dithered by a waveform shaper to suppress jitter, so that the detection signal of the biochemical reaction system can be continuously kept stable in the whole fermentation cycle lasting for several months.By eliminating chirp, all transverse modes inside the pulse have the same phase, and then the distortion of the phase distribution inside the pulse is completely from the modulation of the biochemical reaction system, and the time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching of the ultrafast signal are beneficial to reduce the signal measurement difficulty and cost, so that the reconstruction of the ultrafast pulse field eigenstate is more accurate, and then the measurement and characterization accuracy of the system for ultrafast reaction kinetics is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of biochemical reaction kinetics and chemical measurement, and specifically relates to a device and method for measuring the kinetics of ultrafast starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle. Background Technology

[0002] Starch hydrolysis, a fundamental biochemical reaction in food fermentation, requires real-time monitoring to regulate the quality of fermentation products. Currently, monitoring the microscopic molecular structure of starch in fermentation systems relies primarily on periodic sampling and detection methods. These methods require offline testing and can only indirectly infer the hydrolysis process through the physicochemical parameters of reactants and products, failing to achieve in-situ real-time monitoring. Starch hydrolysis exhibits multi-stage enzymatic catalysis, with ultrafast reaction kinetics including sub-nanosecond conformational changes in the enzyme-substrate complex, femtosecond glycosidic bond breaking transition state kinetics, and millisecond product release and diffusion processes. Existing detection technologies include stop-flow spectroscopy, which triggers the reaction through mechanical mixing and measures changes in transmission spectra to obtain reaction kinetic data; and ultrafast pump-probe technology, which utilizes femtosecond laser pulses to detect molecular excited-state relaxation processes to reveal hydrolysis reaction kinetics. However, stop-flow spectroscopy, limited by its mechanical triggering mechanism, cannot perform real-time measurements on continuously initiated reaction systems; and ultrafast pump-probe technology, based on coherent detection principles, struggles to analyze non-periodic reaction characteristics. From the perspective of measurement system performance, the sampling frequency of existing photoelectric detection equipment is in the gigahertz range, while the frequency of characteristic events in ultrafast biochemical reactions is in the terahertz range, resulting in a time resolution gap of approximately three orders of magnitude. More importantly, existing ultrafast detection devices are limited by laser stability and optical system drift characteristics, making it impossible to maintain the stability of the detection signal during the entire fermentation cycle, which can last for several months. This prevents long-term, continuous monitoring of ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the primary objective of this invention is to provide a device for measuring the kinetics of ultrafast starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle.

[0004] Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle. This method utilizes ultrafast ground-state soliton pulses generated by a high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser as an optical probe, enabling real-time capture of the modulation of pulse time-frequency characteristics by microscopic molecular structure changes caused by chemical alterations during starch hydrolysis. This allows for precise monitoring and quantitative characterization of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following solution:

[0006] A device for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle includes a high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser module, a biochemical reactor module, an ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, and a data processing module. The output of the high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser module is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module, the output of the biochemical reactor module is connected to the input of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, and the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module is connected to the input of the data processing module. Specifically:

[0007] The high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is used to generate high repetition rate ultrafast ground state soliton pulses;

[0008] The biochemical reactor module is used for fermentation reactions and is equipped with a sample measuring window to enable real-time monitoring of the reaction process;

[0009] The ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module is used to stretch the ultrafast pulses modulated by the biochemical reaction system in the time domain and in the spectral domain, and to collect pulse transient evolution datasets in real time.

[0010] The data processing module is used to execute the ultrafast pulse field inversion algorithm, reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse transient evolution dataset, and reconstruct the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis from this information through artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0011] Furthermore, the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module includes a pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a first fiber coupler, a waveform shaper, a fiber isolator, and a polarization controller. The output of the pump source is connected to the short-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer; the output of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the input of the gain fiber; the output of the gain fiber is connected to the input of the first fiber coupler; the high-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the waveform shaper; the output of the waveform shaper is connected to the input of the fiber isolator; the output of the fiber isolator is connected to the input of the polarization controller; the output of the polarization controller is connected to the long-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer; and the low-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module.

[0012] The gain fiber is used to generate and amplify laser signals in a specific operating band.

[0013] The pump light source is used to generate pump laser signals to provide energy to the working substance in the gain fiber, excite its energy level transitions, and thus generate laser signals in the working band.

[0014] The polarization controller is used to adjust the polarization state of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module;

[0015] The wavelength division multiplexer combines the pump laser signal with the working band laser signal output by the polarization controller, and injects the combined laser into the gain fiber.

[0016] The first fiber coupler is used to split the laser signal into two paths with a splitting ratio between 1:99 and 45:55. The smaller path is transmitted as the output laser signal to the biochemical reactor module, and the larger path is returned as the echo signal to the waveform shaper of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module.

[0017] The waveform shaper is used to perform chirp elimination and jitter suppression on the laser signal operating within the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser module, so that the output laser signal is stabilized in the ultrafast ground state soliton pulse state.

[0018] The fiber optic isolator is used to guide the direction of the laser signal within the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module.

[0019] Furthermore, the biochemical reactor module includes a fermenter and a sample measuring window. The output end of the first fiber coupler in the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is connected to the input end of the sample measuring window. The sample measuring window is connected to the interior of the fermenter, and the output end of the sample measuring window is connected to the input end of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module. Wherein:

[0020] The fermenter is used to provide a container for the biochemical reaction system;

[0021] The sample window is used to provide a monitoring window for the reaction system, allowing the laser signal generated by the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module to pass through the reaction system, and coupling the transmitted light to the fiber end face of the output end on the other side of the sample window, so that the signal can be transmitted to the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module.

[0022] Furthermore, the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module includes a second fiber optic coupler, a time-domain stretching device, a spectral-domain stretching device, a first photodetector, a second photodetector, and an analog-to-digital converter. The output of the biochemical reactor module is connected to the input of the second fiber optic coupler. The first output of the second fiber optic coupler is connected to the input of the time-domain stretching device. The output of the time-domain stretching device is connected to the input of the first photodetector. The output of the first photodetector is connected to the first input of the analog-to-digital converter. The second output of the second fiber optic coupler is connected to the input of the spectral-domain stretching device. The output of the spectral-domain stretching device is connected to the input of the second photodetector. The output of the second photodetector is connected to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter. The output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input of the data processing module, wherein:

[0023] The second fiber coupler is used to split the laser signal modulated by the reaction system to generate a signal to be stretched in the time domain and a signal to be stretched in the spectral domain.

[0024] The time-domain stretching device is used to generate a pulsed time-domain stretched laser signal on the time scale of the time-domain stretched laser signal.

[0025] The spectral domain stretching device is used to map the spectral domain information of the pulse to the time domain, and improve the spectral domain measurement resolution by stretching the signal time scale to generate a pulse spectral domain stretched laser signal.

[0026] The first photodetector is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulse time-domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal;

[0027] The second photodetector is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulse spectral domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal;

[0028] The analog-to-digital converter is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal, respectively, to generate pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal, respectively.

[0029] Furthermore, the data processing module includes a server, the input of which is connected to the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, wherein:

[0030] The server is used to reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal, and to reconstruct the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis.

[0031] A method for measuring the kinetics of ultrafast starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle includes the following steps:

[0032] Acquiring high-repetition-rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signals;

[0033] The modulated signal is obtained by modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through the reaction system;

[0034] By performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal respectively and acquiring data, a pulse transient evolution dataset is obtained, which includes a pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and a pulse spectral-domain dynamics dataset.

[0035] The pulse transient evolution dataset is inverted to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset;

[0036] The pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset was analyzed to obtain the starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction kinetics dataset.

[0037] Furthermore, the step of acquiring the high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal specifically includes:

[0038] By adjusting the polarization controller and pump light source settings, a conventional high repetition rate ultrafast pulse signal can be obtained.

[0039] A waveform shaper is used to eliminate pulse chirp and jitter, resulting in a high repetition frequency ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal.

[0040] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the modulated signal by modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through the fermentation and hydrolysis reaction system specifically includes:

[0041] The ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal is transmitted into the fermentation and hydrolysis reaction system through a fully transparent sampling window, so that the microscopic molecular changes in the fermentation and hydrolysis system can modulate the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal.

[0042] The transmitted modulated signal is coupled to the fiber end face on the other side of the sample window, so that the modulated signal is transmitted to the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module.

[0043] Furthermore, the step of obtaining the pulse transient evolution dataset by performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal and then acquiring the data specifically includes:

[0044] The modulated signal is stretched in both the time domain and the spectral domain without distortion using time lensing and dispersive Fourier transform techniques, until the resulting pulsed time-domain stretched signal and pulsed spectral-domain stretched signal can be accurately measured by conventional photodetectors.

[0045] A photodetector is used to convert the pulse time-domain stretching signal and the pulse spectral-domain stretching signal into pulse time-domain stretching analog electronic response signal and pulse spectral-domain stretching analog electronic response signal, respectively.

[0046] An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal into the pulse time-domain stretched digital electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched digital electronic response signal, respectively.

[0047] The pulse time-domain stretched digital electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched digital electronic response signal are collected by the server to obtain the pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and the pulse spectral domain dynamics dataset, respectively, which constitute the pulse transient evolution dataset.

[0048] Furthermore, the step of inverting the pulse transient evolution dataset to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset specifically includes:

[0049] A phase inversion algorithm is used to invert the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset based on the pulse transient evolution dataset, and then the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset is reconstructed by combining the pulse spectral domain dynamics dataset and the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset.

[0050] Furthermore, the step of analyzing the pulsed field eigenstate dynamics dataset to obtain the starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction kinetics dataset specifically includes:

[0051] By employing artificial intelligence algorithms, an ultrafast reaction kinetic dataset for starch hydrolysis is obtained by inputting the eigenstate dynamics dataset of the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field before and after modulation of the reaction system into a neural network.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0053] This invention employs a high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser as the detection source, enabling continuous capture of femtosecond-level ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics in the reaction system. A waveform shaper suppresses jitter in the detection source, ensuring the detection signal of the biochemical reaction system remains stable throughout the entire fermentation cycle, which can last for several months. Eliminating chirp ensures that all transverse modes within the pulse are identical in phase, thus making the phase distribution distortion within the pulse entirely dependent on the modulation of the biochemical reaction system. Temporal and spectral stretching of the ultrafast signal reduces the difficulty and cost of signal measurement, leading to more accurate reconstruction of the eigenstates of the ultrafast pulse field, thereby improving the system's accuracy in measuring and characterizing ultrafast reaction kinetics.

[0054] Specifically, the reason this invention can achieve more accurate eigenstate reconstruction of pulse fields is because it incorporates multi-physics domain data for constraint. Conventional detection methods typically only perform detection in the spectral domain, making it impossible to uniquely determine the pulse phase, and further leading to inaccurate detection of ultrafast biochemical reactions. Assuming that the ultrafast pulse field contains a single-frequency component with an angular frequency of ω1, the angular frequency can be calculated using the following formula:

[0055]

[0056] Where φ1 and Let represent the total phase and the initial phase, respectively. Solving the above equation yields:

[0057] φ1=∫ω1dt=ω1t+C

[0058] Where C is an arbitrary constant. However, the original initial phase This is not an arbitrary constant, which means that even if two pulses have identical spectra, their phases are not always the same. According to the expression for ultrafast pulse fields:

[0059]

[0060] Among them, A n ω n and Let A represent the amplitude, angular frequency, and initial phase of the nth frequency component, respectively, and let Ψ(t) represent the complex amplitude of the pulse field. Through time-domain detection, Ψ(t) is a known quantity; through spectral-domain detection, A... n and ω n Since all of these are known quantities, the formula only has The phase of the ultrafast pulse field is unknown. Therefore, by combining the joint measurements in the time and spectral domains, the equations can be solved to uniquely confirm the phase of the ultrafast pulse field. Substituting the results into the equations, the analytical expression for the ultrafast pulse field can be reconstructed. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction kinetics measurement device for the entire fermentation cycle according to the present invention;

[0062] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement method of the ultrafast reaction kinetics measurement device for starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to the present invention;

[0063] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement results of the ultrafast reaction kinetics measurement device for starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to the present invention.

[0064] Figure labeling: A. High repetition rate ultrafast laser module; B. Biochemical reactor module; C. Ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module; D. Data processing module; 1. Pump source; 2. Wavelength division multiplexer; 3. Gain fiber; 4a. First fiber coupler; 4b. Second fiber coupler; 5. Waveform shaper; 6. Fiber isolator; 7. Polarization controller; 8. Fermentation tank; 9. Sample window; 10. Time domain stretching device; 11. Spectral domain stretching device; 12a. First photodetector; 12b. Second photodetector; 13. Analog-to-digital converter; 14. Server. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Unless otherwise specified in the embodiments, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer shall apply. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all commercially available conventional products.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] The mechanism for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle in this invention is as follows: A high-repetition-frequency ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse is used as the detection signal. The dynamic electromagnetic response resulting from changes in the microstructure of the substances in the reaction system is used to modulate the detection signal. Time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching techniques are employed to accurately measure the modulated signal and obtain pulse time-domain and pulse spectral-domain kinetic datasets. Then, the pulse field eigenstate kinetic dataset is inverted based on the pulse transient kinetic dataset to determine the modulation effect of the reaction system on the pulse field eigenstates. Furthermore, an artificial intelligence algorithm is used to analyze the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics occurring in the starch hydrolysis reaction system from the pulse field eigenstate kinetic dataset, and real-time evolutionary kinetic images of multi-scale characteristics such as starch chain length distribution, weight-average molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution are generated throughout the fermentation cycle.

[0068] Reference Figure 1 This invention provides a device for measuring the kinetics of ultrafast starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle, comprising a high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser module A, a biochemical reactor module B, an ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C, and a data processing module D. The output of the high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser module A is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module B, the output of the biochemical reactor module B is connected to the input of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C, and the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C is connected to the input of the data processing module D.

[0069] High repetition rate ultrafast laser module A is used to generate high repetition rate ultrafast ground state soliton pulses;

[0070] Specifically, the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A includes a pump source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a gain fiber 3, a first fiber coupler 4a, a waveform shaper 5, a fiber isolator 6, and a polarization controller 7. The output of the pump source 1 is connected to the short-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, the output of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to the input of the gain fiber 3, the output of the gain fiber 3 is connected to the input of the first fiber coupler 4a, the high-ratio output of the first fiber coupler 4a is connected to the input of the waveform shaper 5, the output of the waveform shaper 5 is connected to the input of the fiber isolator 6, the output of the fiber isolator 6 is connected to the input of the polarization controller 7, the output of the polarization controller 7 is connected to the long-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2, and the low-ratio output of the first fiber coupler 4a is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module B.

[0071] The laser system comprises the following components: a gain fiber 3 for generating and amplifying a laser signal in a specific operating band; a pump source 1 for generating a pump laser signal to provide energy to the working substance in the gain fiber 3, exciting its energy level transitions, thereby generating a laser signal in the operating band; a wavelength division multiplexer 2 for combining the pump laser signal with the operating band laser signal output by the polarization controller, and injecting the combined laser into the gain fiber 3; a first fiber coupler 4a for splitting the laser signal into two paths, with a small proportion being transmitted as the output laser signal to the biochemical reactor module B, and a large proportion being returned as an echo signal to the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A; a waveform shaper 5 for chirp elimination and jitter suppression of the laser signal operating within the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A, stabilizing the output laser signal in the ultrafast ground state soliton pulse state; a fiber isolator 6 for guiding the direction of the laser signal within the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module; and a polarization controller 7 for adjusting the polarization state of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A consists of a pump source 1, a wavelength division multiplexer 2, a gain fiber 3, a first fiber coupler 4a, a waveform shaper 5, a fiber isolator 6, and a polarization controller 7. The connections of the components within the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A are as follows: the output of the pump source 1 is connected to the short-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2; the output of the wavelength division multiplexer 2 is connected to the input of the gain fiber 3; the output of the gain fiber 3 is connected to the input of the first fiber coupler 4a; the high-ratio output of the first fiber coupler 4a is connected to the input of the waveform shaper 5; the output of the waveform shaper 5 is connected to the input of the fiber isolator 6; the output of the fiber isolator 6 is connected to the input of the polarization controller 7; the output of the polarization controller 7 is connected to the long-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer 2; and the low-ratio output of the first fiber coupler 4a is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module B. The splitting ratio of the first fiber coupler used at the output of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is between 1:99 and 45:55. The high splitting ratio output port serves as the echo port to re-input the signal into the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module, while the low splitting ratio output port serves as the total output port of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module.

[0073] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, the pump power of the pump light source 1 is required to be above 700mW to ensure that the ultrafast laser signal can effectively penetrate the reaction system in the sample window. The repetition frequency of the output pulse signal of the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser module is 10GHz. The waveform shaper 5 can completely eliminate the chirp and jitter of the laser output pulse, so that the output pulse width is fixed at 20fs, the time-bandwidth product is maintained at 0.315, and it can operate stably in this working state for at least 105h.

[0074] Biochemical reactor module B is used for fermentation reaction and is equipped with a sample window 9 to realize real-time monitoring of the reaction process;

[0075] Specifically, the biochemical reactor module B includes a fermenter 8 and a sample measuring window 9. The output end of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module A is connected to the input end of the sample measuring window 9. The sample measuring window 9 is connected to the inside of the fermenter 8. The output end of the sample measuring window 9 is connected to the input end of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C.

[0076] Among them, the fermenter 8 is used to provide a container for the reaction system to carry out biochemical reactions; the sample window 9 is used to provide a monitoring window for the reaction system, so that the laser signal generated by the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser module A can pass through the reaction system, and the transmitted light is coupled to the fiber end face of the output end on the other side of the sample window, so that the signal can be transmitted to the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the biochemical reactor module B is a fermenter equipped with a sample window. The fermenter 8 provides a suitable physicochemical environment for fermentation. In the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module, the small-splitting ratio output port of the first fiber coupler 4a is coupled to the input port of the sample window 9 using a single-mode fiber, allowing the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse to be incident on the reaction system within the sample window. Assuming there are M ultrafast pulses in the pulse sequence, each with N frequency components, the complex amplitude expression Ψ of the m-th ultrafast pulse is... m (t) can be represented as:

[0078]

[0079] in, and Let represent the amplitude, angular frequency, and initial phase of the nth frequency component within the mth ultrafast pulse, respectively, where i represents the imaginary unit and e represents the natural base. When the ultrafast pulse is in a chirp-free, evolution-free ground soliton pulse state, all initial phases... The values ​​are all 0. The microstructural changes caused by biochemical reactions within the reaction system alter the molecular charge motion state. The ultrafast pulse, as an electromagnetic wave, modulates through the reaction system, and the complex amplitude characteristics of its transmitted field carry information about the ultrafast reaction dynamics, specifically manifested as amplitude and phase changes of specific frequency components within the pulse. The output of the sample is coupled to the input of the second fiber coupler 4b in the ultrafast biochemical reaction dynamics measurement module C using a single-mode fiber, allowing the modulated signal to enter the ultrafast biochemical reaction dynamics measurement module C for measurement.

[0080] It should be noted that the fermenter's temperature is adjustable from 0-70℃, and its pressure is adjustable from 0.01-0.1 MPa. The sampling window is made of inorganic transparent material with a thickness of 0.5 mm on one side, and its maximum light attenuation in the 100-2000 nm wavelength range is 10. -5 dB, with a refractive index of 1.44 at a wavelength of 1550 nm and a group velocity dispersion coefficient of 21 ps·nm. -1 ·km -1 The nonlinear Kerr effect coefficient is 1.3W. -1 ·km -1 During the entire fermentation cycle measurement, the number of ultrafast pulses in the transmission sampling window should be no less than 10. 17 The optical signal coupling efficiency between the output fiber of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module and the input of the sample window is over 99%, and the optical signal coupling efficiency between the output of the sample window and the input fiber of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module is over 99%.

[0081] The ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C is used to perform time stretching and spectral stretching on ultrafast pulses modulated by the biochemical reaction system, and to acquire pulse transient evolution datasets in real time.

[0082] Specifically, the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module C includes a second fiber optic coupler 4b, a time-domain stretching device 10, a spectral-domain stretching device 11, a first photodetector 12a, a second photodetector 12b, and an analog-to-digital converter 13. The output end of the biochemical reactor module B is connected to the input end of the second fiber optic coupler 4b. The first output end of the second fiber optic coupler 4b is connected to the input end of the time-domain stretching device 10. The output end of the time-domain stretching device 10 is connected to the input end of the first photodetector 12a. The output end of the first photodetector 12a is connected to the first input end of the analog-to-digital converter 13. The second output end of the second fiber optic coupler 4b is connected to the input end of the spectral-domain stretching device 11. The output end of the spectral-domain stretching device 11 is connected to the input end of the second photodetector 12b. The output end of the second photodetector 12b is connected to the second input end of the analog-to-digital converter 13. The output end of the analog-to-digital converter 13 is connected to the input end of the data processing module D.

[0083] The second fiber coupler 4b is used to split the laser signal modulated by the reaction system to generate a time-domain stretching signal and a spectral-domain stretching signal; the time-domain stretching device 10 is used to generate a pulsed time-domain stretched laser signal on the time scale of the time-domain stretched laser signal; the spectral-domain stretching device 11 is used to map the spectral-domain information of the pulse to the time domain and improve the spectral-domain measurement resolution by stretching the signal on the time scale to generate a pulsed spectral-domain stretched laser signal; the first photodetector 12a is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulsed time-domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulsed time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal; the second photodetector 12b is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulsed spectral-domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulsed spectral-domain stretched analog electronic response signal; and the analog-to-digital converter 13 is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the pulsed time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal and the pulsed spectral-domain stretched analog electronic response signal respectively to generate a pulsed time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and a pulsed spectral-domain stretched electronic response digital signal respectively.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the time-domain stretching device 10 is used to amplify the high repetition rate ultrafast pulse signal modulated by the reaction system in the time domain, with an amplification factor of 10. 5 The minimum time resolution is less than 300 as; the spectral domain stretching module 11 is used to map the spectral domain information of the high repetition rate ultrafast pulse signal modulated by the reaction system to the time domain, and to make the minimum spectral domain resolution less than 1 pm through time domain stretching. The first photodetector 12a and the second photodetector 12b used are both commercial instruments with a photoelectric response bandwidth of 12.5 GHz. The analog-to-digital converter 13 used has a bandwidth of 15 GHz, a signal-to-noise ratio of not less than 80 dB, and a spurious-free dynamic range of not less than 90 dB.

[0085] The data processing module is used to execute the ultrafast pulse field inversion algorithm, reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse transient evolution dataset, and reconstruct the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis from this information through artificial intelligence algorithms;

[0086] Specifically, the data processing module includes a server 14, the input of which is connected to the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module.

[0087] The server is used to reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal, and to reconstruct the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis.

[0088] In this embodiment of the invention, the data processing module includes a server. The input of the server is connected to the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module. The server can convert the pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal into pulse time-domain kinetic datasets and pulse spectral domain kinetic datasets, respectively, to form a pulse transient kinetic dataset. The server has a minimum single-core operating frequency of 3.2 GHz, a minimum number of cores of 192, a minimum memory size of 1 TB, and a minimum storage space of 1 PB. In the detection of the entire fermentation cycle, the number of pulses in the dataset is not less than 10. 17 Each pulse has at least 2000 time-domain sampling points and at least 3000 spectral-domain sampling points. The data processing module, by running the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm, can invert the pulse spectral-domain phase dynamics dataset from the pulse transient dynamics dataset, and then reconstruct the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset by combining the pulse spectral-domain dynamics dataset.

[0089] It should be noted that the Gerchberg-Saxton iterative algorithm is used for the inversion of pulse spectral domain phase dynamics datasets. By combining the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset with the pulse spectral domain dynamics dataset, the pulse spectral domain complex amplitude dynamics dataset can be reconstructed using the complex amplitude expression, expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] in, and φ m (ω) represents the complex amplitude, amplitude, and phase in the spectral domain of the m-th pulse in the dataset, respectively. Subsequently, the reconstructed pulse time-domain dynamics dataset can be obtained by taking the intensity from the Fourier transform results. The maximum tolerable normalized mean square error between the reconstructed pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and the measured pulse time-domain dynamics dataset is 10. –10 The iteration algorithm can be stopped when the error is lower than the maximum tolerable threshold, and the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset can be reconstructed using the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset obtained at this time.

[0092] Furthermore, using artificial intelligence algorithms, by comparing the conventional ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset with the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset modulated by the reaction system, an ultrafast reaction dynamics dataset for the reaction system is obtained. Specifically, this dataset includes ultrafast molecular weight distribution change dynamics datasets, ultrafast chain length distribution change dynamics datasets, and ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change dynamics datasets. The neural network model within the artificial intelligence algorithm takes the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset and the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset modulated by the reaction system as inputs, and the ultrafast molecular weight distribution change dynamics dataset, ultrafast chain length distribution change dynamics dataset, and ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change dynamics dataset as outputs. The normalized mean square error of the training set, validation set, and test set of the neural network model should all be less than 10. –8 .

[0093] Therefore, this invention enables the measurement of ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle. Existing methods for detecting starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle are all based on periodic sampling. These methods can only obtain information about the microstructure of the substances within the reaction system at the sampling time point and cannot measure ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics. Existing ultrafast reaction kinetic measurement methods can only measure reaction kinetics for a short period of time by mechanically mixing reactants to trigger the reaction, and cannot continuously detect reactions that have already begun in other reaction environments. Therefore, this invention overcomes the limitations of existing detection methods in terms of time resolution and measurement range, achieving accurate measurement and characterization of ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis with a time resolution on the order of hundreds of as and a wavelength resolution on the order of pm throughout a fermentation cycle that lasts for several months. Therefore, this invention not only has important application value in the field of food fermentation science but also demonstrates great potential in the field of ultrafast chemical measurement.

[0094] Reference Figure 2 A method for measuring the kinetics of an ultrafast starch hydrolysis reaction device throughout the entire fermentation cycle includes the following steps:

[0095] S1. Obtain high repetition frequency ultrafast ground state soliton pulse signal;

[0096] It should be noted that the step of obtaining the high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal specifically includes: obtaining a conventional high repetition rate ultrafast pulse signal with a repetition rate of 10 GHz by adjusting the polarization controller and pump source settings; using a waveform shaper to eliminate pulse chirp and jitter through filtering attenuation and phase adjustment to obtain a high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal with a pulse width stabilized at 20 fs, a time-bandwidth product maintained at 0.315, and the output signal maintained in this state for at least 10 seconds. 5 h, which can support stable measurements throughout the entire fermentation cycle.

[0097] S2. The modulated signal is obtained by modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through the reaction system;

[0098] It should be noted that the step of modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through the reaction system specifically includes: inputting the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal into the reaction system through a sample window; using the changes in the microscopic molecular structure of the substances caused by chemical changes in the reaction system to modulate the amplitude and phase of each frequency component in the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal, so that the ultrafast pulse signal carries ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetic information; and inputting the signal into the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetic measurement module for measurement.

[0099] S3. By performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal respectively and acquiring data, a pulse transient evolution dataset is obtained, which includes a pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and a pulse spectral-domain dynamics dataset.

[0100] It should be noted that the step of performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal and acquiring data to obtain a pulse transient evolution dataset specifically includes: converting the original modulated pulse sequence signal into a pulse time-domain envelope sequence signal and a pulse spectral-domain envelope sequence signal respectively using time-lensing and dispersive Fourier transform techniques, with a minimum time-domain resolution of no more than 300 as and a minimum spectral-domain resolution of no more than 1 pm; further, continuous data acquisition is performed to obtain a pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and a pulse spectral-domain dynamics dataset, with a continuous data acquisition time of 10... 5 More than 1 hour, covering the entire fermentation cycle.

[0101] S4. Perform inversion processing on the pulse transient evolution dataset to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset;

[0102] It should be noted that the step of inverting the pulse transient evolution dataset to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset specifically includes: using the Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm to iteratively invert the pulse spectral domain phase evolution dataset; substituting the inverted pulse spectral domain phase evolution dataset and the pulse spectral domain evolution dataset into the pulse field complex amplitude expression to reconstruct the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset; and then performing a Fourier transform and taking the modulus square to obtain the reconstructed pulse time-domain evolution dataset. The maximum normalized mean square error between the measurement and reconstruction results of the pulse time-domain evolution dataset is no higher than 10. –10 .

[0103] S5. Analyze the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset to obtain the starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction dynamics dataset.

[0104] It should be noted that the step of analyzing the pulsed field eigenstate kinetics dataset to obtain the ultrafast reaction kinetics dataset for starch hydrolysis specifically includes using an artificial intelligence neural network model to analyze the pulsed field eigenstate kinetics dataset. By inputting the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulsed field eigenstate kinetics dataset and the pulsed field eigenstate kinetics dataset modulated by the reaction system, the model can use the ultrafast molecular weight distribution change kinetics dataset, the ultrafast chain length distribution change kinetics dataset, and the ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change kinetics dataset as prediction outputs to reveal the ultrafast reaction kinetics in the starch hydrolysis process throughout the entire fermentation cycle.

[0105] Reference Figure 3 Measurement results from an ultrafast reaction kinetic device for starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle are presented, including macroscopic measurement results A in the spectral domain, transient measurement results a in the spectral domain, macroscopic measurement results B in the time domain, transient measurement results b in the time domain, macroscopic phase inversion results C, and transient phase inversion results c. Before day 15, the measured reaction had not yet begun, and the measurement results remained in a soliton pulse state, indicating that the high-repetition-rate ultrafast laser module could operate in a stable state. From day 15 onwards, the measured reaction began, interference fringes appeared in the spectrum, becoming increasingly dense as the reaction progressed; splitting phenomena appeared on the pulse profile, with the spacing increasing as the reaction progressed; and an overall phase boosting phenomenon occurred. Transient measurement results a in the spectral domain, transient measurement results b in the time domain, and transient phase inversion results c show the measurement results from 0 to 2 ns on day 30. It can be concluded that this invention can not only measure biochemical reactions on a timescale of up to two months, but also capture changes at the ns level, demonstrating its ability to measure the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle. After 45 days, the reaction stopped, and the measurements stabilized at a new steady state, further demonstrating the stability of the system.

[0106] The advantages of the embodiments of the present invention compared to the prior art are as follows:

[0107] 1) The waveform shaper ensures that the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module can stably output the detection signal throughout the entire fermentation cycle, avoiding signal distortion caused by random jitter of the detection signal.

[0108] 2) Taking advantage of the characteristics of ultrafast ground-state soliton pulses—no evolution, no chirp, and the initial phase of all frequency components within the pulse being 0—all phase changes can be attributed to the modulation of the reaction system. Since phase is a more microscopic feature than the temporal and spectral envelopes, it is possible to characterize the details of ultrafast reaction dynamics with higher resolution.

[0109] 3) By using time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching techniques, the shortcomings of existing measuring instruments in sampling accuracy when measuring ultrafast events are compensated, enabling instruments with low sampling bandwidth and low sampling accuracy to achieve more complete eigenstate characterization of ultrafast pulse fields, thereby achieving higher-precision ultrafast reaction dynamics measurement.

[0110] In summary, this invention modulates the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis onto an ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal. The modulated signal, at the fs level, is stretched and amplified in the time and spectral domains using temporal stretching and spectral stretching techniques, respectively, enabling high-precision measurement using conventional gigahertz-level instruments. The inversion of the pulse field spectral domain phase dataset is achieved based on the Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm. A pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset is constructed by combining the pulse field spectral domain dataset, and an artificial intelligence neural network algorithm is used to analyze the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis, including ultrafast molecular weight distribution change kinetics datasets, ultrafast chain length distribution change kinetics datasets, and ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change kinetics datasets.

[0111] The content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0112] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A measuring device for the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle, characterized in that... It includes a high repetition rate ultrafast laser module, a biochemical reactor module, an ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, and a data processing module; the output of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module, the output of the biochemical reactor module is connected to the input of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, and the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module is connected to the input of the data processing module. The high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is used to generate high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulses. The high repetition rate ultrafast laser module includes a pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM), a gain fiber, a first fiber coupler, a waveform shaper, a fiber isolator, and a polarization controller. The output of the pump source is connected to the short-wavelength input of the WDM, the output of the WDM is connected to the input of the gain fiber, the output of the gain fiber is connected to the input of the first fiber coupler, the high-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the waveform shaper, the output of the waveform shaper is connected to the input of the fiber isolator, the output of the fiber isolator is connected to the input of the polarization controller, the output of the polarization controller is connected to the long-wavelength input of the WDM, and the low-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module. The biochemical reactor module is used for fermentation reactions and is equipped with a sample measuring window to enable real-time monitoring of the reaction process; The ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module is used to stretch the ultrafast pulses modulated by the biochemical reaction system in the time domain and in the spectral domain, and to collect pulse transient evolution datasets in real time. The data processing module is used to execute an ultrafast pulse field inversion algorithm, reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse transient evolution dataset, and reconstruct the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis from this information through an artificial intelligence algorithm. The neural network model within the artificial intelligence algorithm takes the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset and the pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset modulated by the reaction system as inputs, and takes the ultrafast molecular weight distribution change kinetics dataset, the ultrafast chain length distribution change kinetics dataset, and the ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change kinetics dataset as outputs. The normalized mean square error of the training set, validation set, and test set of the neural network model should all be less than 10. -8 .

2. The measuring device for the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high repetition rate ultrafast laser module includes a pump source, a wavelength division multiplexer, a gain fiber, a first fiber coupler, a waveform shaper, a fiber isolator, and a polarization controller. The output of the pump source is connected to the short-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer, the output of the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the input of the gain fiber, the output of the gain fiber is connected to the input of the first fiber coupler, the high-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the waveform shaper, the output of the waveform shaper is connected to the input of the fiber isolator, the output of the fiber isolator is connected to the input of the polarization controller, the output of the polarization controller is connected to the long-wavelength input of the wavelength division multiplexer, and the low-ratio output of the first fiber coupler is connected to the input of the biochemical reactor module. The gain fiber is used to generate and amplify laser signals in a specific operating band. The pump light source is used to generate pump laser signals to provide energy to the working substance in the gain fiber, excite its energy level transitions, and thus generate laser signals in the working band. The polarization controller is used to adjust the polarization state of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module; The wavelength division multiplexer combines the pump laser signal with the working band laser signal output by the polarization controller, and injects the combined laser into the gain fiber. The first fiber coupler is used to split the laser signal into two paths, with a small proportion of one path being transmitted to the biochemical reactor module as the output laser signal, and a large proportion of the other path being returned to the waveform shaper of the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module as an echo signal. The waveform shaper is used to perform chirp elimination and jitter suppression on the laser signal operating within the high repetition frequency ultrafast laser module, so that the output laser signal is stabilized in the ultrafast ground state soliton pulse state. The fiber optic isolator is used to guide the direction of the laser signal within the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module.

3. The measuring device for the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biochemical reactor module includes a fermenter and a sample measuring window. The output of the first fiber coupler in the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module is connected to the input of the sample measuring window. The sample measuring window is connected to the interior of the fermenter, and the output of the sample measuring window is connected to the input of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module. The fermenter is used to provide a container for the biochemical reaction system; The sample window is used to provide a monitoring window for the reaction system, allowing the laser signal generated by the high repetition rate ultrafast laser module to pass through the reaction system, and coupling the transmitted light to the fiber end face of the output end on the other side of the sample window, so that the signal can be transmitted to the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module.

4. The measuring device for the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module includes a second fiber optic coupler, a time-domain stretching device, a spectral-domain stretching device, a first photodetector, a second photodetector, and an analog-to-digital converter. The output of the biochemical reactor module is connected to the input of the second fiber optic coupler. The first output of the second fiber optic coupler is connected to the input of the time-domain stretching device. The output of the time-domain stretching device is connected to the input of the first photodetector. The output of the first photodetector is connected to the first input of the analog-to-digital converter. The second output of the second fiber optic coupler is connected to the input of the spectral-domain stretching device. The output of the spectral-domain stretching device is connected to the input of the second photodetector. The output of the second photodetector is connected to the second input of the analog-to-digital converter. The output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input of the data processing module. The second fiber coupler is used to split the laser signal modulated by the reaction system to generate a signal to be stretched in the time domain and a signal to be stretched in the spectral domain. The time-domain stretching device is used to generate a pulsed time-domain stretched laser signal on the time scale of the time-domain stretched laser signal. The spectral domain stretching device is used to map the spectral domain information of the pulse to the time domain, and improve the spectral domain measurement resolution by stretching the signal time scale to generate a pulse spectral domain stretched laser signal. The first photodetector is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulse time-domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal; The second photodetector is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the pulse spectral domain stretched laser signal to generate a pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal; The analog-to-digital converter is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal, respectively, to generate pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal, respectively.

5. The measuring device for the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module includes a server, the input of which is connected to the output of the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module, wherein: The server is used to reconstruct the eigenstate information of the ultrafast pulse field based on the pulse time-domain stretched electronic response digital signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched electronic response digital signal, and to reconstruct the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis.

6. A method for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Acquiring a high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal; this step specifically includes: obtaining a conventional high repetition rate ultrafast pulse signal by adjusting the polarization controller and pump source settings; and eliminating pulse chirp and jitter using a waveform shaper to obtain the high repetition rate ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal; The modulated signal is obtained by modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through the reaction system; By performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal respectively and acquiring data, a pulse transient evolution dataset is obtained, which includes a pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and a pulse spectral-domain dynamics dataset. The pulse transient evolution dataset is inverted to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset; The pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset is analyzed to obtain an ultrafast reaction kinetics dataset for starch hydrolysis. Specifically, an artificial intelligence neural network model is used to analyze the pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset. By inputting the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset and the pulse field eigenstate kinetics dataset modulated by the reaction system, the model can use the ultrafast molecular weight distribution change kinetics dataset, the ultrafast chain length distribution change kinetics dataset, and the ultrafast weight-average molecular weight change kinetics dataset as prediction outputs to reveal the ultrafast reaction kinetics in the starch hydrolysis process throughout the entire fermentation cycle.

7. The method for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of obtaining the modulated signal by modulating the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal through a fermentation and hydrolysis reaction system specifically includes: The ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal is transmitted into the fermentation and hydrolysis reaction system through a fully transparent sampling window, so that the microscopic molecular changes in the fermentation and hydrolysis system can modulate the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse signal. The transmitted modulated signal is coupled to the fiber end face on the other side of the sample window, so that the modulated signal is transmitted to the ultrafast biochemical reaction kinetics measurement module.

8. The method for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of obtaining a pulse transient evolution dataset by performing time-domain stretching and spectral-domain stretching on the modulated signal and then acquiring the data specifically includes: The modulated signal is stretched in both the time domain and the spectral domain without distortion using time lensing and dispersive Fourier transform techniques, until the resulting pulsed time-domain stretched signal and pulsed spectral-domain stretched signal can be accurately measured by conventional photodetectors. A photodetector is used to convert the pulse time-domain stretching signal and the pulse spectral-domain stretching signal into pulse time-domain stretching analog electronic response signal and pulse spectral-domain stretching analog electronic response signal, respectively. An analog-to-digital converter is used to convert the pulse time-domain stretched analog electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched analog electronic response signal into the pulse time-domain stretched digital electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched digital electronic response signal, respectively. The pulse time-domain stretched digital electronic response signal and the pulse spectral domain stretched digital electronic response signal are collected by the server to obtain the pulse time-domain dynamics dataset and the pulse spectral domain dynamics dataset, respectively, which constitute the pulse transient evolution dataset.

9. The method for measuring the ultrafast reaction kinetics of starch hydrolysis throughout the entire fermentation cycle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step of inverting the pulse transient evolution dataset to obtain the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset specifically includes: A phase inversion algorithm is used to invert the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset based on the pulse transient evolution dataset, and the pulse field eigenstate dynamics dataset is further reconstructed by combining the pulse spectral domain dynamics dataset and the pulse spectral domain phase dynamics dataset. The step of analyzing the pulsed field eigenstate dynamics dataset to obtain the starch hydrolysis ultrafast reaction kinetics dataset specifically includes: By employing artificial intelligence algorithms, an ultrafast reaction kinetic dataset for starch hydrolysis is obtained by inputting the eigenstate dynamics dataset of the ultrafast ground-state soliton pulse field before and after modulation of the reaction system into a neural network.

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