Ozone water treatment variable pressure control system and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ozone water treatment, and discloses an ozone water treatment variable pressure control system and method, which firstly continuously supplies water to a reactor body, and the water flows into an efficient reaction zone after preliminary mixing treatment; ozone is periodically supplied in the zone, and the water flow is selectively guided through a pressure control system, and simultaneously enters a tail end reaction zone through a nanoscale filter hole plate or a bypass pipeline, and the nanoscale filter hole plate cuts the undissolved ozone into nanoscale bubbles; then, a reflux system sends part of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail end reaction zone back to the bottom of the reactor for further treatment; and finally, the treated water is discharged and tail gas is collected. Through dynamic pressure control, staged ozone addition, nanoscale bubble generation and reflux reuse technology, the concentration of dissolved ozone in water and the reaction efficiency are significantly improved, the comprehensive utilization rate of ozone is greatly improved, the equipment volume and cost are reduced, and the treatment capacity for high-concentration and refractory wastewater is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ozone water treatment technology, specifically to an ozone water treatment variable pressure control system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Ozone possesses extremely strong oxidizing properties due to its high redox potential (2.07 V). Its molecule consists of three oxygen atoms with a bond angle of 116.49°, exhibiting a delocalized π-bond structure. At room temperature and pressure, ozone is soluble in water, with a theoretical solubility approximately 13 times that of oxygen. These properties make ozone widely used in water treatment processes for oxidation, sterilization, and decolorization.

[0003] However, ozone faces several challenges in practical water treatment applications. First, the decomposition rate of ozone in water is much higher than its decomposition rate in air, and the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated during its decomposition process are quenched extremely rapidly. This results in a significant loss of ozone before it can fully react with pollutants in the water, leading to substantial waste. Second, the solubility of ozone is significantly affected by water temperature and gas pressure, which further limits its application effectiveness and stability under different operating conditions.

[0004] In engineering practice, several conventional technical methods have been adopted to address the aforementioned problems. One common approach is to increase the height of the reactor, utilizing the elevation of the water body itself to generate higher hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the reactor, thereby increasing the solubility of ozone. However, this method not only significantly increases the manufacturing cost and floor space required for the equipment, but also fails to effectively solve the problem of ozone escaping into the gaseous phase before efficiently reacting with pollutants due to its rapid decomposition.

[0005] Some studies have attempted to increase ozone solubility in water by directly pressurizing the reaction system. However, in a relatively confined pressurized space, as ozone decomposes and converts into oxygen, the actual partial pressure of ozone in the gas phase gradually decreases. According to Henry's Law, although the initial total pressure increases, the decrease in ozone partial pressure will cause its solubility in water to gradually decline after a brief increase. Therefore, the overall increase in solubility is limited and it is difficult to maintain a high concentration for an extended period.

[0006] In addition, some projects employ a pre-dissolved ozone tank to pre-dissolve ozone in water under high pressure to increase the initial dissolved concentration. However, when this pre-dissolved ozone water is released into the main reactor at atmospheric or lower pressure and mixed with wastewater, the ozone in the water rapidly decomposes and escapes due to the pressure drop, resulting in a still low concentration of dissolved ozone actually participating in the reaction. This makes it difficult to effectively improve reaction efficiency, especially in scenarios involving high pollutant concentrations or requiring fast reaction rates.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies still have significant limitations and shortcomings in improving ozone utilization, effectively maintaining high dissolved ozone concentrations to ensure sufficient reaction with pollutants, and achieving these goals economically and efficiently. More optimized technical solutions are urgently needed to overcome these challenges. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a variable pressure control system and method for ozone water treatment, which solves the problems of low ozone utilization rate, difficulty in maintaining a high concentration of dissolved ozone in existing ozone water treatment technologies, and high cost or limited effectiveness of existing efficiency enhancement methods.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an ozone water treatment transformer control system, comprising:

[0010] The reactor body has a water distribution pipe at its bottom and an ozone aerator above the water distribution pipe. From top to bottom, the reactor body has a nano-sized filter plate and a catalyst layer. The catalyst layer is located above the ozone aerator. The area between the catalyst layer and the nano-sized filter plate in the reactor body is the high-efficiency reaction zone, and the area above the nano-sized filter plate in the reactor body is the tail-end reaction zone.

[0011] A water inlet system, which is connected to the water distribution pipe, is used to supply water to the reactor body;

[0012] An air intake system for supplying ozone gas to the reactor body;

[0013] The pressure control system includes a bypass pipeline located outside the reactor body and connecting the high-efficiency reaction zone with the tail reaction zone. The bypass pipeline is equipped with a pressure control electric valve and a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor being used to monitor the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone.

[0014] A reflux system is used to return a portion of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail-end reaction zone to the bottom of the reactor body for further treatment.

[0015] Preferably, the upper part of the reactor body is connected to a drainage pipe and a tail gas collection pipe, which are connected to the tail end reaction zone.

[0016] Preferably, the water inlet system includes a flow regulating pump connected to a water distribution pipe, which is used to supply water to the reactor body in a constant flow mode, and the water inlet pressure provided by the water inlet system is greater than the upper limit of the set discharge pressure of the high-efficiency reaction zone by 0.3 MPa.

[0017] Preferably, the reflux system includes a reflux pipeline located outside the reactor body and connected between the tail-end reaction zone and the bottom of the reactor body. A reflux pump is connected to the reflux pipeline, and a reflux pressure sensor is installed on the reflux pipeline. The reflux pressure sensor monitors pressure data to control the start and stop of the reflux pump. When the pressure monitored by the reflux pressure sensor is greater than 0.4 MPa, the reflux pump is started to perform reflux. Furthermore, the effective volume and water flow rate configuration of the tail-end reaction zone ensure that the average residence time of water therein is not less than the total duration of two pressure control cycles of the high-efficiency reaction zone.

[0018] Preferably, the air intake system includes an air volume regulating valve and an ozone generator system, wherein the ozone generator system is connected to an ozone aerator via the air volume regulating valve.

[0019] This invention also provides a transformer control method for ozone water treatment, applied to the ozone water treatment transformer control system described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Water is continuously supplied to the reactor body through the water inlet system, and the water flows sequentially through the water distribution pipe, the ozone aerator, the catalyst layer, and the high-efficiency reaction zone.

[0021] S2. Ozone gas is periodically supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone through the air intake system, and the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone is controlled by the pressure control system to fluctuate within the range of 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, so as to selectively guide water flow through the nanoscale filter plate or the bypass pipe into the tail end reaction zone.

[0022] S3. The undissolved ozone bubbles passing through are mechanically cut using the nanoscale filter plate to form nanoscale bubbles;

[0023] S4. Using the reflux system, some of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail reaction zone are refluxed back to the bottom of the reactor body for further treatment;

[0024] S5. Discharge the treated water from the drainage pipe and collect the exhaust gas through the exhaust gas collection pipe.

[0025] Preferably, in step S2, the step of controlling the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone to fluctuate within the range of 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa using the pressure control system to selectively guide water flow through the nanoscale filter plate or the bypass pipe into the tail-end reaction zone specifically involves:

[0026] When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone is lower than 0.3 MPa, the pressure control electric valve closes, and water flows through the nanoscale filter plate into the tail end reaction zone.

[0027] When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone reaches 0.3 MPa, the pressure control electric valve is opened to release pressure until the pressure drops to 0.2 MPa, after which the pressure control electric valve is closed. During the pressure release, part or all of the water flow enters the tail end reaction zone through the bypass pipe.

[0028] Preferably, in step S2, the step of periodically supplying ozone gas to the high-efficiency reaction zone through the air intake system specifically involves supplying ozone gas to the high-efficiency reaction zone in six stages within a supply cycle, wherein each stage lasts for one minute, and the mass of ozone gas supplied in the six stages is distributed in a sequential ratio of 1:2:4:8:16:32.

[0029] This invention provides a variable pressure control system and method for ozone water treatment. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] 1. This invention significantly improves the Henry's Law saturation solubility of ozone by establishing and maintaining a dynamic pressure range within the reactor. Combined with a periodic, phased, exponentially increasing ozone addition strategy, it can dynamically compensate for ozone consumption and decomposition, effectively maintaining the relative partial pressure of ozone in the gas phase. The synergistic effect of these two factors ensures that the concentration of dissolved ozone in the liquid phase is much higher than that of traditional atmospheric pressure or simple pressurization processes throughout the entire treatment cycle, laying the material foundation for efficient oxidation reactions.

[0031] 2. This invention adopts an active pressurization method, replacing the traditional design that relies on water level elevation to obtain pressure. This allows the reactor to reach the ideal operating pressure without increasing the vertical height, thus enabling the design of a more compact reactor structure. This reduces the reactor volume, thereby reducing material consumption and civil engineering costs in equipment manufacturing, and saving installation space.

[0032] 3. This invention features a nanoscale perforated plate. When ozone gas passes through these tiny pores, it is mechanically cut into nanoscale microbubbles. Due to their extremely large specific surface area, the contact interface between the nanobubbles and the surrounding water molecules is greatly increased, resulting in more frequent and thorough interactions. This enhanced interfacial interaction greatly promotes the mass transfer rate and diffusion efficiency of ozone molecules from the gas phase to the liquid phase, thereby achieving faster and more thorough ozone dissolution under given gas phase partial pressure and total pressure conditions.

[0033] 4. The ozone recirculation system designed in this invention can capture and pump back the fine ozone bubbles that escape from the high-efficiency reaction zone, especially those that have not fully reacted in the tail-end reaction zone and have been cut by the nano-sized filter plate, and then return them to the bottom of the reactor and back to the high-efficiency reaction zone. This internal recycling mechanism allows the ozone that might otherwise escape to have the opportunity to dissolve and react again, thereby significantly improving the overall utilization rate of ozone and greatly reducing the amount of residual ozone emitted in the exhaust gas. This directly reduces the load on subsequent exhaust gas treatment units and lowers their construction and operating costs.

[0034] 5. This invention uses a reflux system to return nano-sized ozone bubbles to the bottom of the reactor. Due to their extremely small diameter, nano-sized bubbles rise much slower in water than conventional bubbles, resulting in a longer residence time in the water. The reflux process further extends the total residence time of this ozone within the system, increasing its chances of reacting with pollutants. Simultaneously, if the refluxed liquid is primarily partially treated water with low pollutant concentrations, its mixing with the newly introduced high-concentration influent at the bottom of the reactor can dilute the pollutant concentration, reducing the peak pollutant concentration at the initial stage of the reaction and creating more favorable conditions for subsequent oxidation reactions. Considering the extended contact time, the potential influent dilution effect, and the high dissolved ozone concentration provided by the system itself, this technical solution demonstrates greater potential in treating high-concentration, recalcitrant organic wastewater, providing possibilities for the application of ozone oxidation technology in a wider range of wastewater treatment fields. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a system flowchart of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the COD of the reactor of the present invention with that of a conventional pressurized vessel.

[0039] The components include: 1. Reactor body; 2. Water distribution pipe; 3. Ozone aerator; 4. Gas flow regulating valve; 5. Ozone generator system; 6. Flow regulating pump; 7. Catalyst layer; 8. Pressure sensor; 9. High-efficiency reaction zone; 10. Nanoscale filter plate; 11. Bypass pipe; 12. Pressure control electric valve; 13. Return pressure sensor; 14. Return pipeline; 15. Return pump; 16. Tail-end reaction zone; 17. Drainage pipe; 18. Tail gas collection pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Please see the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 2 This invention provides an ozone water treatment transformer control system, comprising:

[0042] The reactor body 1 has a water distribution pipe 2 at its bottom and an ozone aerator 3 above the water distribution pipe 2. From top to bottom, the reactor body 1 has a nano-sized filter plate 10 and a catalyst layer 7. The catalyst layer 7 is located above the ozone aerator 3. The area between the catalyst layer 7 and the nano-sized filter plate 10 in the reactor body 1 is the high-efficiency reaction zone 9, and the area above the nano-sized filter plate 10 in the reactor body 1 is the tail reaction zone 16.

[0043] The water inlet system is connected to the water distribution pipe 2 and is used to supply water to the reactor body 1. The water inlet system includes a flow regulating pump 6, which is connected to the water distribution pipe 2 and is used to supply water to the reactor body 1 in a constant flow mode. The water inlet pressure provided by the water inlet system is greater than the upper limit of the set discharge pressure of the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 by 0.3 MPa.

[0044] An air intake system is used to supply ozone gas to the reactor body 1; the air intake system includes an air volume regulating valve 4 and an ozone generator system 5, the ozone generator system 5 being connected to an ozone aerator 3 via the air volume regulating valve 4.

[0045] The pressure control system includes a bypass pipe 11, which is located outside the reactor body 1 and connects the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 with the tail reaction zone 16. The bypass pipe 11 is equipped with a pressure control electric valve 12 and a pressure sensor 8, which is used to monitor the pressure of the high-efficiency reaction zone 9.

[0046] A reflux system is used to return a portion of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail reaction zone 16 to the bottom of the reactor body 1 for further treatment.

[0047] Specifically, the water to be treated is first introduced into the bottom of the reactor body (1) through the water inlet system and evenly distributed through the water distribution pipe 2. Subsequently, the water flows to the upper part of the equipment and passes through the ozone aerator 3 located above the water distribution pipe 2. At the same time, the air intake system supplies ozone gas into the reactor body 1 (introduced through the ozone aerator 3), so that the water and ozone gas begin to come into initial contact and mix here.

[0048] The ozone-infused water continues upwards, passing sequentially through the catalyst layer 7 laid above the ozone aerator 3. In the catalyst layer 7, ozone reacts with pollutants in the water under the action of the catalyst. After leaving the catalyst layer 7, the water enters the region between the catalyst layer 7 and the upper nano-sized filter plate 10; this region is the high-efficiency reaction zone 9. Within this zone, under high pressure and in the presence of ozone, the water fully contacts and reacts with the pollutants, achieving efficient degradation.

[0049] However, within the highly efficient reaction zone 9, ozone partially decomposes to form oxygen (typically, the stoichiometric ratio of ozone to oxygen is approximately 1:1, causing the effective partial pressure of ozone in the mixed gas to gradually decrease due to its consumption and decomposition). According to Henry's Law, the formula is as follows:

[0050] ,in, This represents the partial pressure of ozone in the gas phase. This represents the molar concentration of dissolved ozone in the liquid phase. (Henry's law of ozone concentration). A decrease in ozone partial pressure directly leads to a decrease in its equilibrium dissolved concentration in water, which affects the sustained efficiency of the oxidation reaction. Therefore, to overcome this problem and maintain high ozone solubility and reaction rate, the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is precisely regulated by a pressure control system. This system includes a bypass pipe 11 located outside the reactor body 1, connecting the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 to the tail-end reaction zone 6. A pressure-controlled electric valve 12 is installed on the bypass pipe 11. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor 8 monitors the actual pressure within the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 in real time. Its working mechanism is as follows:

[0051] When the pressure sensor 8 detects that the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is lower than the preset upper limit, the pressure control electric valve 12 remains closed. At this time, the water flowing out of the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is mainly forced to enter the tail-end reaction zone 16 above it through the nano-sized filter plate 10.

[0052] When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 rises to the preset upper limit due to continuous water and air intake, the pressure control electric valve 12 automatically opens. This allows some or all of the water flow in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 to directly enter the tail-end reaction zone 16 through the bypass pipe 11, thereby relieving pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9.

[0053] Once the pressure drops to the preset lower limit, the pressure control electric valve 12 closes again, starting the next pressurization-holding-depressurization cycle. This variable pressure operation enhances ozone mass transfer and dissolution, and selectively guides the water flow path according to the pressure status.

[0054] Water flows from the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 (either through the nano-sized filter plate 10 or the bypass pipe 11) into the tail-end reaction zone 16 located above the nano-sized filter plate 10. In addition to acting as a separator, the nano-sized filter plate 10 may further disperse or trap the tiny ozone bubbles passing through it, increasing gas-liquid contact. In the tail-end reaction zone 16, water can undergo further residence reactions, ensuring sufficient degradation of pollutants, while undissolved ozone also has a greater chance of dissolving or being collected.

[0055] To improve ozone utilization efficiency and ensure treatment effectiveness, a reflux system is incorporated. This system draws some of the water and any unreacted or poorly soluble ozone that may be present in the tail-end reaction zone 16 and returns it to the bottom of the reactor body 1 for recycling. In this way, underutilized ozone can participate in the oxidation reaction again, reducing ozone waste.

[0056] This reflux system, particularly the recycling of nanoscale ozone bubbles formed by the mechanical cutting of the nanoscale filter plate 10, further enhances the treatment effect. This is mainly attributed to the unique properties of nanoscale bubbles: First, their extremely high specific surface area means that micro- and nano-bubbles have a larger gas-liquid contact area, resulting in more frequent and sufficient interactions between the bubbles and surrounding water molecules. This enhanced interfacial interaction greatly promotes the diffusion of ozone molecules from the bubbles into the water, thereby improving the ozone dissolution efficiency and mass transfer rate. Second, according to the Laplace effect, the reduction in bubble size leads to a significant increase in its internal pressure. For example, for a bubble with a diameter of 1 μm, its internal pressure can be about three times higher than the external ambient pressure, reaching 39 kPa. For a bubble with a diameter of 20 nm, its size is even smaller, so the internal pressure can reach 14.5 MPa. This high internal pressure characteristic allows nanoscale bubbles to store a high amount of energy. When these bubbles come into contact with water molecules, the high internal pressure can more effectively drive ozone molecules into the water, further improving the ozone dissolution rate and supersaturated dissolution capacity. In addition, the reduction in bubble size also significantly reduces the rising speed of bubbles in water (i.e., increases their residence time in the water), allowing them to contact pollutants for a longer period of time and remain in the liquid phase, thereby improving the stability and reaction opportunities of ozone and enhancing the overall oxidation efficiency.

[0057] The upper part of the reactor body 1 is connected to a drainage pipe 17 and a tail gas collection pipe 18, which are connected to the tail end reaction zone 16.

[0058] Specifically, at the end of the water treatment process, after the water flows through the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 and enters the tail reaction zone 16 for final reaction treatment, the system needs to export the treated water and the exhaust gas generated during the process separately.

[0059] A drainage pipe 17 located on the upper part of the reactor body 1 is directly connected to the tail reaction zone 16. When the water in the tail reaction zone 16 reaches the outlet of the drainage pipe, the treated water will be led out of the reactor body through this drainage pipe 17, completing the effluent step of the entire water treatment process.

[0060] Similarly, the tail gas collection pipe 18, located at the top of the reactor body 1 and connected to the tail reaction zone 16, primarily functions to collect undissolved ozone gas, oxygen produced by ozone decomposition, and other possible gaseous components during the reaction. Due to their lower density, these gases naturally rise and accumulate at the top of the reactor body 1, i.e., in the gas phase space of the tail reaction zone 16. These tail gases are then discharged from the reactor through the tail gas collection pipe 8.

[0061] The reflux system includes a reflux pipe 14, which is located outside the reactor body 1 and connected between the tail-end reaction zone 16 and the bottom of the reactor body 1. A reflux pump 15 is connected to the reflux pipe 14, and a reflux pressure sensor 13 is installed on the reflux pipe 14. The reflux pressure sensor 13 is used to monitor pressure data to control the start and stop of the reflux pump 15. When the pressure monitored by the reflux pressure sensor 13 is greater than 0.4 MPa, the reflux pump 15 is started to perform reflux. Furthermore, the effective volume and water flow rate configuration of the tail-end reaction zone 16 ensure that the average residence time of water in it is not less than the total duration of two pressure control cycles of the high-efficiency reaction zone 9.

[0062] Specifically, the core component of the reflux system is the reflux pipe 14, which is installed outside the reactor body 1. One end of the reflux pipe 14 is connected to the tail reaction zone 16 at the top of the reactor body 1, and the other end is connected to the bottom area of ​​the reactor body 1. A reflux pump 5 is installed on the reflux pipe 14, which provides the power for liquid reflux. A reflux pressure sensor 13 is also installed on the reflux pipe 14.

[0063] The reflux pressure sensor 13 continuously monitors the pressure in the reflux line 14. The pressure data monitored by this sensor is directly used to control the start and stop of the reflux pump 5.

[0064] When the pressure value detected by the reflux pressure sensor 13 exceeds 0.4 MPa, the control system activates the reflux pump 15. Once activated, the reflux pump 15 begins pumping water (and any unreacted ozone it may carry) from the tail-end reaction zone 16 back to the bottom of the reactor body 1 through the reflux line 14. The purpose of this reflux operation is to reintroduce unreacted substances into the reaction process to improve treatment efficiency and ozone utilization.

[0065] In addition, the design of the tail-end reaction zone 16 has the following specific requirements to coordinate with the reflux system and the overall treatment effect:

[0066] The effective volume of the tail-end reaction zone 16 and the water flow rate through this zone (affected by the main influent flow rate and the return flow rate) need to be precisely configured. This configuration must ensure that the average residence time of water in the tail-end reaction zone 6 is not less than the total duration of two complete pressure control cycles in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 (main reaction zone). A pressure control cycle refers to the time required for the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 to fluctuate from the lower limit to the upper limit and then back to the lower limit. Ensuring sufficient residence time allows the water in the tail-end reaction zone 16 more time to react with residual ozone or for certain subsequent reactions to complete, thereby further improving water quality.

[0067] The reflux system monitors the pressure in the reflux line 14 via a reflux pressure sensor 13. When this pressure exceeds a threshold of 0.4 MPa, the reflux pump 15 automatically starts, returning the water from the tail-end reaction zone 16 to the bottom of the reactor body 1 for reprocessing. Simultaneously, the design of the tail-end reaction zone 16 ensures sufficient residence time for the water (at least the sum of two pressure control cycles in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9), which, in conjunction with the reflux operation, aims to maximize pollutant degradation and ozone utilization.

[0068] The ozone water treatment transformer control method described below can be referred to in correspondence with the ozone water treatment transformer control system described above.

[0069] Please see the appendix Figure 3 A method for variable pressure control in ozone water treatment includes the following steps:

[0070] S1. Water is continuously supplied to the reactor body 1 through the water inlet system. The water flows through the water distribution pipe 2, ozone aerator 3, catalyst layer 7, and high-efficiency reaction zone 9 in sequence.

[0071] S2. Ozone gas is periodically supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 through the air intake system, and the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is controlled by the pressure control system to fluctuate within the range of 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, so as to selectively guide the water flow through the nano-sized filter plate 10 or the bypass pipe 11 into the tail reaction zone 16.

[0072] S3. The undissolved ozone bubbles passing through are mechanically cut using a nano-sized filter plate 10 to form nano-sized bubbles.

[0073] S4. Using a reflux system, some of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail reaction zone 16 are refluxed back to the bottom of the reactor body 1 for further treatment.

[0074] S5. The treated water is discharged from the drainage pipe 17 and the exhaust gas is collected through the exhaust gas collection pipe 18.

[0075] In step S2, the pressure within the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is controlled by a pressure control system to fluctuate within the range of 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa, selectively guiding water flow through the nanoscale filter plate 10 or the bypass pipe 11 into the tail-end reaction zone 16. Specifically, the steps are as follows:

[0076] When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 is lower than 0.3MPa, the pressure control electric valve 12 closes, and the water flows through the nano-scale filter plate 10 into the tail reaction zone 16.

[0077] When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 reaches 0.3MPa, the pressure control electric valve 12 is opened to release pressure until the pressure drops to 0.2MPa, after which the pressure control electric valve 12 is closed. During the pressure release, part or all of the water flow enters the tail reaction zone 16 through the bypass pipe 11.

[0078] In step S2, the step of periodically supplying ozone gas to the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 through the air intake system is as follows: within one supply cycle, ozone gas is supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone 9 in 6 stages, each stage lasting 1 minute, and the mass of ozone gas supplied in the 6 stages is distributed in the following sequence according to the ratio 1:2:4:8:16:32.

[0079] The method in this embodiment can be applied to the above system embodiment, and its principle and technical effect are similar, so it will not be described again here.

[0080] Example: Validation of wastewater treatment with COD 100 mg / L

[0081] I. System Configuration and Basic Parameters

[0082] Please see the appendix Figure 4 This embodiment aims to verify the effectiveness of an ozone water treatment variable pressure control system. The experiment was conducted on a system such as... Figure 1 The experiment was conducted in the reactor apparatus shown, which integrates key technologies such as pressure control, multi-stage reaction zones, and ozone reflux. To ensure the accuracy and comparability of the experimental results, the following basic operating parameters were set:

[0083] Hydraulic parameters:

[0084] Inlet flow rate: .

[0085] Influent COD concentration: S = 100 mg / L.

[0086] Processing cycle: T=6 min.

[0087] Ozone dosing control:

[0088] Ozone / COD mass ratio: 1:4.

[0089] Ozone generator outputs ozone partial voltage: (Volume percentage).

[0090] Physicochemical constants and environmental conditions:

[0091] Henry coefficient (20℃): .

[0092] ozone molar mass: .

[0093] Ideal gas molar volume (standard conditions): .

[0094] II. Ozone Dosing Control Logic

[0095] To achieve efficient ozone utilization, this system adopts a precise periodic and phased ozone dosing strategy.

[0096] Total Ozone Dosage Calculation: First, based on the influent water quality (COD concentration S), water volume (Q), the set treatment cycle (T), and the ozone to COD mass ratio (w), calculate the total mass of ozone (M) required to be added within one complete treatment cycle (6 minutes). The calculation formula is as follows:

[0097] ;

[0098] This calculation result (40.01 grams) serves as the basis for the total amount added in subsequent stages, ensuring that there is sufficient oxidant to react with the pollutants entering the reactor within one cycle.

[0099] Phased Dosing Strategy and Implementation: The calculated total ozone dose is not added all at once, but rather gradually added in six 1-minute intervals within a 6-minute cycle, according to an exponentially increasing mass ratio of 1:2:4:8:16:32. Each time interval... (Ozone dosage from 1 to 6) Determined by the following formula:

[0100] ;

[0101] Based on this formula, the specific ozone dosage at 1-minute intervals is calculated, as shown in the table below:

[0102]

[0103] In summary, this phased, exponentially increasing dosing method aims to dynamically maintain the effective concentration of ozone within the reactor. The initial dosage is small, and as the reaction progresses and ozone is consumed (including by reaction with pollutants and its own decomposition), the subsequent dosage gradually increases to compensate for consumption and strive to maintain or increase the partial pressure of ozone in the gas phase, thereby promoting its dissolution in water.

[0104] III. Dynamic Regulation of Ozone Partial Pressure

[0105] The partial pressure of ozone in the gas phase within the reactor is a key factor affecting its mass transfer and dissolution efficiency. This system achieves dynamic control of the partial pressure by precisely controlling the ozone intake rate at each time interval.

[0106] Pressure division calculation principle and assumptions:

[0107] The ozone partial pressure at the end of each 1-minute interval was calculated. At that time, it was based on the following core assumptions:

[0108] The ozone added in the previous minute has already completely decomposed or reacted by the start of this minute interval. Therefore, the ozone partial pressure at the end of the current interval is mainly determined by the amount of ozone newly added in this interval and its proportion in the total accumulated gas volume within the reactor. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0109] ;

[0110] in:

[0111] =1 min is the duration of each dosing interval.

[0112] Representing the Ozone added at intervals at the initial ozone partial pressure The gas volume corresponding to the (10%) condition (here) Used to convert mass into gas volume based on ozone generator outlet concentration. This represents the total cumulative volume of "carrier gas + ozone" up to the current moment, measured at the generator outlet concentration, and is used to estimate the current proportion of ozone in the mixed gas.

[0113] Partial pressure change analysis and process: Based on the above formula, the change in ozone partial pressure in the reactor within a 6-minute cycle is shown in the table below:

[0114]

[0115] Summary: In the first minute, since it was the initial addition, the ozone partial pressure was directly taken as 10% of the ozone generator's outlet partial pressure. Subsequently, although the mass of ozone added per minute increased, the total amount of gas accumulated in the reactor also increased (the denominator increased), and the model assumed that the ozone had decomposed in the previous minute. This caused the calculated proportion of newly added ozone in the current total gas volume (i.e., partial pressure) to show a gradual decreasing trend.

[0116] The goal of this partial pressure control strategy is to dynamically adjust the ozone concentration in the gas phase within the reactor by precisely controlling the intake air volume at each stage. The calculation model only considers the gas phase pressure, thus showing a decrease in partial pressure. However, the actual pressure also includes the liquid elevation. This invention's variable pressure operation (0.2-0.3 MPa) combines the total pressure of the gas and liquid phases. In actual reactor operation, the overall total pressure will increase, thereby compensating to some extent for the decrease in the partial pressure ratio calculated by the model and striving to maintain a high mass transfer driving force.

[0117] IV. Calculation of Dissolved Ozone Concentration

[0118] The concentration of dissolved ozone in water is a crucial indicator directly reflecting treatment effectiveness and ozone utilization. Its calculation is based on Henry's Law and takes into account the influence of actual operating pressure within the reactor.

[0119] Concentration Calculation Formula and Principle: Dissolved Ozone Concentration (mg / L) is calculated using the following formula:

[0120] ;

[0121] in, It is the Henry coefficient; It is the partial pressure of ozone phase at the end of this time interval calculated in the previous section (in percentage form; it needs to be converted to a decimal to be converted to atmospheric pressure atm when used). The pressure monitored within the reactor body, in MPa. Data is obtained from a pressure sensor; MPa (i.e.) (atm) is standard atmospheric pressure, used as a reference for pressure unit conversion; It is the molar mass of ozone; 1000 is the unit conversion factor (g / L to mg / L).

[0122] Based on the above formula and the calculated ozone partial pressure at each stage and the total operational pressure monitored. The changes in dissolved ozone concentration in water over one cycle are shown in the table below:

[0123]

[0124] Summary: Calculations show that the dissolved ozone concentration in the water remained at a high level throughout the entire cycle (significantly higher than the approximately 10 mg / L of traditional atmospheric pressure processes). Although the calculated partial pressure... As the pressure decreases, the dissolved concentration also shows a certain downward trend, but due to the system maintaining a high total operating pressure... This ensures that the overall dissolved concentration remains considerable.

[0125] One of the core advantages of this system is that it significantly improves ozone solubility through pressurized operation (0.2-0.3 MPa). This even affects the relative partial pressure ratio of ozone in the gas phase. There were some fluctuations, resulting in relatively high overall operational pressure. This ensured that its absolute partial pressure was maintained at a high level, thereby enhancing the mass transfer of ozone from the gas phase to the liquid phase and achieving a dissolved ozone concentration much higher than that under normal pressure conditions.

[0126] V. Verification of Treatment Results

[0127] To evaluate the actual treatment efficiency of this pressure swing ozone reaction system, a comparative experiment was conducted on COD removal performance.

[0128] COD removal experimental data record:

[0129] Under the same influent water quality (COD 100 mg / L) and flow rate conditions, the effluent COD concentration of this novel pressure-switching ozone reactor and a traditional pressurized ozone reactor were tested respectively. After the system stabilized, the sampling and testing results at different time points are as follows:

[0130]

[0131] Performance comparison and analysis process:

[0132] Based on the above experimental data, a quantitative comparison of processing performance is conducted:

[0133] Calculation of average effluent COD concentration:

[0134] Average COD of the new reactor effluent: ;

[0135] Average COD of effluent from conventional reactors: ;

[0136] COD removal rate calculation:

[0137] COD removal rate of the new reactor: ;

[0138] COD removal rate of conventional reactors: ;

[0139] Analysis of the improvement in treatment efficiency: The improvement in COD removal rate of the new reactor compared to the traditional reactor: The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the ozone water pressure swing control system of this application exhibits significant advantages in COD removal, with a removal rate far exceeding that of traditional pressurized treatment methods.

[0140] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A variable pressure control system for ozone water treatment, characterized in that, include: The reactor body (1) has a water distribution pipe (2) at its bottom and an ozone aerator (3) above the water distribution pipe (2). The reactor body (1) has a nano-sized filter plate (10) and a catalyst layer (7) arranged from top to bottom. The catalyst layer (7) is located above the ozone aerator (3). The area between the catalyst layer (7) and the nano-sized filter plate (10) in the reactor body (1) is the high-efficiency reaction zone (9). The area above the nano-sized filter plate (10) in the reactor body (1) is the tail reaction zone (16). A water inlet system, which is connected to the water distribution pipe (2), is used to supply water to the reactor body (1); An air intake system for supplying ozone gas to the reactor body (1); The air intake system is used to periodically supply ozone gas to the high-efficiency reaction zone (9). In one supply cycle, ozone gas is supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) in 6 stages, each stage lasting 1 minute, and the mass of ozone gas supplied in the 6 stages is distributed in the following order: 1:2:4:8:16:

32. The pressure control system includes a bypass pipe (11), which is located outside the reactor body (1) and connects the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) with the tail reaction zone (16). The bypass pipe (11) is equipped with a pressure control electric valve (12) and a pressure sensor (8), which is used to monitor the pressure of the high-efficiency reaction zone (9). The pressure control system is used to control the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) to fluctuate within the range of 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa, so as to selectively guide the water flow through the nanoscale filter plate (10) or the bypass pipe (11) into the tail end reaction zone (16). A reflux system is used to reflux a portion of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail reaction zone (16) back to the bottom of the reactor body (1) for reprocessing.

2. The ozone water treatment variable pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper part of the reactor body (1) is connected to a drainage pipe (17) and a tail gas collection pipe (18), which are connected to the tail end reaction zone (16).

3. The ozone water treatment variable pressure control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet system includes a flow regulating pump (6), which is connected to a water distribution pipe (2) and is used to supply water to the reactor body (1) in a constant flow mode. The water inlet pressure provided by the water inlet system is greater than the upper limit of the set discharge pressure of the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) by 0.3 MPa.

4. The ozone water treatment transformer control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflux system includes a reflux pipeline (14), which is located outside the reactor body (1) and connected between the tail reaction zone (16) and the bottom of the reactor body (1). A reflux pump (15) is connected to the reflux pipeline (14), and a reflux pressure sensor (13) is installed on the reflux pipeline (14). The reflux pressure sensor (13) is used to monitor pressure data to control the start and stop of the reflux pump (15). When the pressure monitored by the reflux pressure sensor (13) is greater than 0.4 MPa, the reflux pump (15) is started to reflux. Furthermore, the effective volume and water flow rate configuration of the tail reaction zone (16) are such that the average residence time of water in it is not less than the total duration of two pressure control cycles of the high-efficiency reaction zone (9).

5. The ozone water treatment transformer control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intake system includes an air volume regulating valve (4) and an ozone generator system (5), wherein the ozone generator system (5) is connected to an ozone aerator (3) via the air volume regulating valve (4).

6. A method for variable pressure control in ozone water treatment, characterized in that, An ozone water treatment pressure control system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the upper part of the reactor body (1) is connected to a drainage pipe (17) and a tail gas collection pipe (18), and the drainage pipe (17) and the tail gas collection pipe (18) are connected to the tail end reaction zone (16), comprising the following steps: S1. Water is continuously supplied to the reactor body (1) through the water inlet system, and the water flows through the water distribution pipe (2), the ozone aerator (3), the catalyst layer (7), and the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) in sequence. S2. Ozone gas is periodically supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) through the air intake system, and the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) is controlled by the pressure control system to fluctuate within the range of 0.2MPa to 0.3MPa, so as to selectively guide the water flow through the nano-sized filter plate (10) or the bypass pipe (11) into the tail end reaction zone (16). In step S2, the step of periodically supplying ozone gas to the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) through the air intake system is specifically as follows: within one supply cycle, ozone gas is supplied to the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) in 6 stages, each stage lasting 1 minute, and the mass of ozone gas supplied in the 6 stages is distributed in the following order according to the ratio sequence of 1:2:4:8:16:

32. S3. The undissolved ozone bubbles passing through are mechanically cut using the nanoscale filter plate (10) to form nanoscale bubbles; S4. Using the reflux system, some of the water and unreacted ozone in the tail reaction zone (16) are refluxed back to the bottom of the reactor body (1) for further treatment; S5. The treated water is discharged from the drainage pipe (17), and the exhaust gas is collected through the exhaust gas collection pipe (18).

7. The ozone water treatment variable pressure control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the step of using the pressure control system to control the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) to fluctuate within the range of 0.2 MPa to 0.3 MPa, so as to selectively guide the water flow through the nanoscale filter plate (10) or the bypass pipe (11) into the tail-end reaction zone (16) is specifically as follows: When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) is lower than 0.3 MPa, the pressure control electric valve (12) is closed, and water flows through the nanoscale filter plate (10) into the tail end reaction zone (16). When the pressure in the high-efficiency reaction zone (9) reaches 0.3 MPa, the pressure control electric valve (12) is opened to release pressure until the pressure drops to 0.2 MPa and then the pressure control electric valve (12) is closed. During the pressure release, part or all of the water flow enters the tail end reaction zone (16) through the bypass pipe (11).

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