An ecological river channel bank dike monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology

Abstract

The application discloses an ecological river bank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, and relates to the technical field of measurement, which comprises a signal generator, a sampling circuit, a signal receiving and switching unit and a bank safety monitoring waveguide unit.The signal generator generates an excitation signal; the sampling circuit divides the excitation signal into two transmission signals and samples one of the transmission signals; the signal receiving and switching unit is used for receiving the other transmission signal; the bank safety monitoring waveguide unit comprises a waveguide line arranged in the bank, the waveguide line receives the transmission signal, and the transmission signal forms a reflection signal at a defect; a signal processing unit records transmission time and reception time, and further determines the position of the defect in the bank; and a warning module predicts the defect position and obtains the defect development situation.The application adopts the microwave impedance reflection technology, combines various environmental monitoring methods, can accurately reflect the small changes in the safety of the bank along the way, and has high system intelligence degree, reduces the workload and safety risk of manual inspection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of measurement technology, and in particular to an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology. Background Technology

[0002] The safety of riverbanks in ecological waterways is crucial for ecological waterway environmental maintenance and flood control. Traditional methods of bank inspection rely heavily on manual patrols and damage detection, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also pose potential damage risks and monitoring blind spots, hindering the implementation of smart water conservancy projects. Therefore, developing a real-time, automated riverbank safety status monitoring system is both urgent and essential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology to solve the problems existing in the current methods of monitoring riverbanks.

[0004] On the one hand, embodiments of this application provide an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, including: A signal generator is used to generate step excitation signals; The sampling circuit, which is electrically connected to the signal generator, is used to sample the step excitation signal to obtain the transmitted sample signal. The signal receiving and switching unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The sampling circuit uses a power divider to split the step excitation signal into two transmission signals. One transmission signal is sampled to obtain the transmission sampling signal, and the other transmission signal is transmitted to the signal receiving and switching unit. The embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit is electrically connected to the signal receiving and switching unit. The embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit includes multiple sets of waveguides. Each set of waveguides includes two waveguides arranged in parallel inside the embankment. The waveguides receive the transmitted signal input from the signal receiving and switching unit. The transmitted signal forms a reflected signal at the defect inside the embankment. After receiving the reflected signal, the sampling circuit samples the reflected signal to obtain the reflected sample signal. The signal processing unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The signal processing unit is used to record the transmission time of the transmitted sampling signal and the reception time of the reflected sampling signal, and to determine the location of the internal defect of the dike based on the transmission time and reception time. The early warning module communicates with the signal processing unit. The early warning module uses a prediction model to predict the development of defects in the future based on the location of the defects.

[0005] The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology disclosed in this application has the following advantages: 1. Real-time monitoring: The system can monitor the stability of riverbanks in real time and promptly detect potential safety hazards; it also integrates water level monitoring units and rainfall monitoring units as an auxiliary system for the safety assessment of ecological riverbanks.

[0006] 2. High precision: Utilizing microwave impedance reflection technology combined with various environmental monitoring methods, it achieves high detection accuracy, accurately reflecting minute safety changes along the embankment, and improving positioning accuracy to the centimeter level.

[0007] 3. Intelligent: The system is highly intelligent, capable of collecting current signals in real time and making intelligent judgments and warnings based on historical time series values, reducing the workload and safety risks of manual inspections.

[0008] 4. Environmentally friendly and energy-saving: Powered by solar energy, it is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and suitable for various environmental conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, provided in this application embodiment. This application embodiment provides an ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, comprising: A signal generator is used to generate step excitation signals; The sampling circuit, which is electrically connected to the signal generator, is used to sample the step excitation signal to obtain the transmitted sample signal. The signal receiving and switching unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The sampling circuit uses a power divider to split the step excitation signal into two transmission signals. One transmission signal is sampled to obtain the transmission sampling signal, and the other transmission signal is transmitted to the signal receiving and switching unit. The embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit is electrically connected to the signal receiving and switching unit. The embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit includes multiple sets of waveguides. Each set of waveguides includes two waveguides arranged in parallel inside the embankment. The waveguides receive the transmitted signal input from the signal receiving and switching unit. The transmitted signal forms a reflected signal at the defect inside the embankment. After receiving the reflected signal, the sampling circuit samples the reflected signal to obtain the reflected sample signal. The signal processing unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The signal processing unit is used to record the transmission time of the transmitted sampling signal and the reception time of the reflected sampling signal, and to determine the location of the internal defect of the dike based on the transmission time and reception time. The early warning module communicates with the signal processing unit. The early warning module uses a prediction model to predict the development of defects in the future based on the location of the defects.

[0013] For example, the waveguide in the embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit can be set inside the embankment in a horizontal or vertical direction. When set horizontally, if defects such as settlement, concrete damage, leakage, or piping occur inside the embankment, the dielectric value of the engineering material at the defect location will change, possibly increasing or decreasing. Regardless of the change, it will cause a change in the transmission state of the transmitted signal in the waveguide. When the transmitted signal propagates in the waveguide, it will generate an electromagnetic field around the waveguide. The electromagnetic field will be reflected at the defect location, and the reflected microwave will be received by the signal receiving and switching unit, thus detecting the reflected signal. When the sampling circuit receives the reflected signal, it will sample it and immediately send the sampled reflected signal to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit determines the time difference between the transmission time of the transmitted sample signal and the reception time of the reflected sample signal. Then, based on the time difference and the propagation speed of the signal, i.e., the propagation speed of microwaves, it determines the total transmission distance of the transmitted and reflected signals. Since the transmission distances of the transmitted and reflected signals inside the embankment are equal, half of the total transmission distance can be taken as the defect location, for example, the distance of the signal receiving and switching unit's location can be taken as the defect location.

[0014] It should be understood that there may be multiple defects inside the dike at the same time, and each defect will generate a reflected signal. Therefore, when a set of waveguides passes through multiple defects, the waveguides used to receive microwaves will generate multiple reflected signals in succession. The location of each defect can be determined based on the reflection time of each reflected signal.

[0015] When waveguides are installed vertically, a seepage line will be generated at the horizontal level of the embankment. If the height of this seepage line is greater than the height of the slope toe, seepage channels are very likely to occur between the seepage line and the slope toe. These seepage channels can easily lead to piping and ultimately cause embankment breaches. Therefore, installing waveguides vertically inside the embankment can effectively monitor this safety hazard. In the vertical direction of the embankment, as the seepage line changes with the river level, there is a significant difference in the relative permittivity between the dry soil inside the embankment and the saturated soil near the surface. Electromagnetic signals will be reflected at the interface between the dry and wet soil. By processing the reflected signals, the height of the seepage line in the embankment can be monitored.

[0016] In the embodiments of this application, since multiple sets of waveguides are installed inside the dike, after the signal processing unit completes the processing of the reflected signal transmitted by one set of waveguides, the signal receiving and switching unit switches to receiving the reflected signals transmitted by other sets of waveguides. After the acquisition and processing of the reflected signals of all sets of waveguides are completed in sequence, the monitoring of all waveguides will restart, achieving uninterrupted monitoring.

[0017] The system in this embodiment also includes a cloud platform, which is communicatively connected to the signal processing unit. The cloud platform combines GIS (Geographic Information System) technology with the location of the defect to visualize the defect location. During real-time monitoring, the cloud platform will use GIS technology to visualize the location of the defect in the embankment.

[0018] The early warning module can use a predictive model, which can be based on an LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network, to extract, analyze, and predict the time series of embankment defects, thus obtaining the development trend of the defects over a future period. If the development trend of the defects indicates that they will further expand and cause greater damage, the early warning module will generate an early warning signal to remind personnel to take immediate action.

[0019] After acquiring the reflected signal, the sampling circuit first uses a bandpass filter for filtering. The filtered reflected signal is then converted into a digital signal by an ADC (analog-to-digital converter). Next, the reflected signal is sampled by a DSP (digital signal processing) unit to extract the spectral information from the reflected signal.

[0020] In one possible embodiment, the signal processing unit also extracts waveform data of the reflected sampling signal and determines the type of defect based on the waveform data.

[0021] For example, microwave reflection at a defect has a direct correlation with the defect type, and this correlation can be established through extensive experimentation. In experiments, one or more known types of defects can be pre-set inside the breakwater. Then, reflected sampling signals from waveguides are collected. The difference between the reflected and transmitted sampling signals reveals the defect information. By extracting features from a large number of these difference signals, the waveform characteristics of the difference signals corresponding to each type of defect can be obtained. In practical applications, after obtaining the reflected sampling signals, the difference signals between the reflected and transmitted sampling signals are first calculated. Then, the waveform characteristics of the difference signals are extracted. By comparison, the waveform characteristic most similar to the current difference signal's waveform characteristics is determined. The defect type corresponding to this waveform characteristic can then be used as the defect type of the current reflected sampling signal.

[0022] Once the defect type is determined, it will be uploaded to the cloud platform and displayed on a visual interface.

[0023] In one possible embodiment, the system further includes a rainfall monitoring unit and a water level monitoring unit, which are used to collect real-time rainfall data and real-time water level data, respectively. Both the real-time rainfall data and the real-time water level data are transmitted to the early warning module through a cloud platform. The early warning module combines the real-time rainfall data and the real-time water level data to predict the development of defects over a future period of time.

[0024] For example, the prediction model uses labeled training data, including rainfall data, water level data, defect location and defect type, as training samples during training. After training, the prediction model needs to be input with real-time rainfall data, real-time water level data, real-time defect location and defect type in order to obtain the prediction result of the development trend of defects in the future.

[0025] After real-time rainfall and water level data are uploaded to the cloud platform, the platform will display these data on a visual interface.

[0026] In one possible embodiment, an impedance transformation circuit is also included. The impedance transformation circuit is electrically connected between the sampling circuit and the signal receiving and switching unit. The impedance transformation circuit is used to transform the impedance of the transmitted signal output by the sampling circuit so that the impedance of the transmitted signal after impedance transformation is matched with the impedance of the embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit.

[0027] For example, by using an impedance transformation circuit, the loss of the transmitted signal at the input end of the waveguide caused by impedance mismatch can be effectively reduced.

[0028] In one possible embodiment, the system further includes a signal conversion unit and an Internet of Things (IoT) unit. The signal processing unit, the signal conversion unit, and the IoT unit are electrically connected in sequence. The IoT unit is communicatively connected to the cloud platform. The signal processing unit reconstructs the transmitted sampling signal and the reflected sampling signal to obtain the transmitted reconstructed signal and the reflected reconstructed signal, respectively. The signal conversion unit converts the transmitted reconstructed signal and the reflected reconstructed signal to the frequency domain. The converted frequency domain signal is transmitted to the cloud platform through the IoT unit.

[0029] For example, after the signal processing unit determines the location and type of the defect, it will reconstruct the transmitted and reflected sampled signals after sampling. The resulting reconstructed transmitted and reflected signals are almost identical to the transmitted and reflected signals, respectively. After the reconstructed transmitted and reflected signals are processed by the signal transformation unit, the signals are converted to the frequency domain. This frequency domain signal is then transmitted to the cloud platform via the Internet of Things (IoT) unit, where it is stored for use by the early warning module.

[0030] The IoT unit communicates with the cloud platform wirelessly. The signal output from the signal conversion unit is converted into a 4G signal by the IoT unit and transmitted to the cloud platform.

[0031] In one possible embodiment, a power supply unit is also included, which generates electrical energy using solar power generation technology and stores the electrical energy in a battery, which supplies power to the signal generator, sampling circuit, signal receiving and switching unit, and signal processing unit.

[0032] For example, solar panels are installed on the embankment, and the electrical energy they generate will be stored in lead-acid batteries. The 12V power output from the lead-acid batteries will supply the signal generator, sampling circuit, impedance transformation circuit, signal receiving and switching unit, signal processing unit, signal transformation unit, and Internet of Things unit, while the water level monitoring unit, rainfall monitoring unit, cloud platform, and early warning module will use other power sources, such as mains power.

[0033] Although preferred embodiments of this application have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of this application.

[0034] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology, characterized in that, include: A signal generator is used to generate step excitation signals; A sampling circuit, electrically connected to the signal generator, is used to sample the step excitation signal to obtain a transmission sampling signal; The signal receiving and switching unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The sampling circuit uses a power divider to split the step excitation signal into two transmission signals. One transmission signal is sampled to obtain the transmission sampling signal, and the other transmission signal is transmitted to the signal receiving and switching unit. A levee safety monitoring waveguide unit is electrically connected to the signal receiving and switching unit. The levee safety monitoring waveguide unit includes multiple sets of waveguides. Each set of waveguides includes two waveguides arranged parallel to each other inside the levee. The waveguides receive the transmitted signal input from the signal receiving and switching unit. The transmitted signal forms a reflected signal at a defect inside the levee. The sampling circuit receives the reflected signal and samples it to obtain a reflected sampling signal. The waveguides are arranged vertically inside the levee to monitor the height of the seepage line inside the levee. The levee generates a seepage line at the horizontal plane. In the vertical direction of the levee, when the seepage line changes with the river water level, there is a difference in the relative permittivity between the dry soil inside the levee and the saturated soil near the surface. The electromagnetic signal is reflected at the interface between the dry and wet soil. The height of the seepage line in the levee is monitored by processing the reflected signal. A signal processing unit is electrically connected to the sampling circuit. The signal processing unit is used to record the transmission time of the transmitted sampling signal and the reception time of the reflected sampling signal, and to determine the location of the defect inside the dike based on the transmission time and reception time. The signal processing unit is communicatively connected to a cloud platform, which combines GIS technology and the location of the defect to visualize the defect location. The system includes an early warning module, which is communicatively connected to the signal processing unit. The early warning module uses a prediction model to predict the defect's development over a future period based on its location. The system also includes a rainfall monitoring unit and a water level monitoring unit, which collect real-time rainfall data and real-time water level data, respectively. Both the real-time rainfall data and real-time water level data are transmitted to the early warning module via the cloud platform. The early warning module combines the real-time rainfall data and real-time water level data to predict the defect's development over a future period.

2. The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal processing unit also extracts waveform data from the reflected sampling signal and determines the type of defect based on the waveform data.

3. The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that... It also includes an impedance transformation circuit, which is electrically connected between the sampling circuit and the signal receiving and switching unit. The impedance transformation circuit is used to transform the impedance of the transmitted signal output by the sampling circuit so that the impedance of the transmitted signal after impedance transformation is matched with the impedance of the embankment safety monitoring waveguide unit.

4. The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a signal conversion unit and an Internet of Things (IoT) unit. The signal processing unit, the signal conversion unit, and the IoT unit are electrically connected in sequence. The IoT unit is communicatively connected to the early warning module. The signal processing unit reconstructs the transmitted sampled signal and the reflected sampled signal to obtain the transmitted reconstructed signal and the reflected reconstructed signal, respectively. The signal conversion unit transforms the transmitted reconstructed signal and the reflected reconstructed signal to the frequency domain. The transformed frequency domain signal is transmitted to the early warning module through the IoT unit.

5. The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the signal processing unit completes the processing of the reflected signals transmitted by one group of waveguides, the signal receiving and switching unit switches to receiving the reflected signals transmitted by other groups of waveguides.

6. The ecological riverbank monitoring system based on microwave impedance reflection technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a power supply unit, which uses solar power generation technology to generate electrical energy and stores it in a battery. The battery supplies power to the signal generator, the sampling circuit, the signal receiving and switching unit, and the signal processing unit.

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