Packet capturing method for 802.11ah device, wireless bridge device and test system

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a method for packet capturing of an 802.11AH device, a wireless network bridge device and a test system, and relates to the field of wireless communication. The wireless network bridge device is responsible for establishing a connection with a target 802.11ah device, receiving a data frame and performing a series of processing, and finally sending the processed data to a test computer through an Ethernet port. The test computer only needs to receive data through a common Ethernet port, without using a wireless network card of the 802.11ah protocol and without installing a driver program, so that the hardware cost and configuration complexity are greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to a method for capturing packets from 802.11 AH devices, a wireless bridge device, and a testing system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, new WiFi protocols are constantly emerging to meet the growing connectivity needs of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The 802.11ah protocol, as an emerging WiFi protocol, has demonstrated enormous application potential in numerous IoT application scenarios such as smart metering, environmental monitoring, and agricultural automation, thanks to its low power consumption and wide coverage. This protocol enables long-distance wireless communication with relatively low power consumption, effectively solving the problems of high power consumption and limited coverage faced by traditional WiFi protocols in IoT applications, and providing a more efficient and reliable solution for the interconnection of IoT devices.

[0003] However, packet capture analysis of 802.11ah protocol data frames is a crucial task in the research, development, testing, and troubleshooting of 802.11ah protocol devices. Through packet capture analysis, developers can gain a deeper understanding of the protocol's operating mechanism, the device's communication status, and the accuracy of data transmission, thereby promptly identifying and resolving potential problems and optimizing device performance.

[0004] However, currently, when test computers need to capture and analyze data frames using the 802.11ah protocol, they face numerous difficulties and inconveniences. Traditional packet capture and analysis methods require the test computer to have a wireless network card that supports the 802.11ah protocol installed, along with the corresponding driver. This process is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive but also presents many problems.

[0005] First, there are relatively few wireless network cards that support the 802.11ah protocol, with limited models available on the market, and they are usually quite expensive. This undoubtedly increases the cost of purchasing testing equipment, which can be a significant expense for small R&D teams or companies with limited budgets.

[0006] Secondly, the installation process for wireless network card drivers is complex and cumbersome. Different brands and models of wireless network cards have different installation methods, and some even require specific operating system versions. During installation, compatibility issues may arise, causing the driver to fail to install correctly or the wireless network card to malfunction after installation. This not only requires testers to have a high level of technical skill but also necessitates a significant investment of time and effort to troubleshoot and resolve problems, severely impacting the efficiency of the testing work. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a method, apparatus, storage medium, and wireless bridge device for packet capture of 802.11ah devices, which solves the technical problem in the prior art that requires installing a wireless network card and updating drivers when performing packet capture analysis on 802.11ah devices using the new protocol. The technical solution is as follows:

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for capturing packets from an 802.11 AH device, the method comprising:

[0009] The wireless bridge device receives connection configuration information from the test computer and establishes a connection with the target 802.11ah device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11ah protocol;

[0010] The wireless bridge device receives 802.11ah data frames from the target 802.11ah device;

[0011] The wireless bridge device verifies the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0012] If the verification passes, the wireless bridge device determines the frame type of the 802.11ah data frame; if the verification fails, the 802.11ah data frame is discarded.

[0013] If the frame type is NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the first custom value;

[0014] If the frame type is not NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the second custom value;

[0015] The wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11 AH device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0016] The wireless bridge device encapsulates the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11 AH data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and sends the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port.

[0017] The test computer loads a Lua script using Wireshark software to parse Ethernet data frames whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom value, and displays the parsing results.

[0018] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a wireless bridge device, including:

[0019] A connection unit is used to receive connection configuration information from a test computer and establish a connection with a target 802.11ah device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth, and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11ah protocol;

[0020] The receiving unit is used to receive 802.11ah data frames from the target 802.11ah device;

[0021] A verification unit is used to verify the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0022] The determining unit is used to determine the frame type of the 802.11ah data frame if the verification passes; and to discard the 802.11ah data frame if the verification fails.

[0023] The acquisition unit is configured to, if the frame type is NDP, acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value;

[0024] The acquisition unit is further configured to, if the frame type is not NDP, acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a second custom value;

[0025] A filling unit is used by the wireless bridge device to measure the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11 AH device and fill the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0026] The sending unit is used to encapsulate the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11 AH data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and to send the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port, so that the test computer can load a Lua script through the Wireshark software to parse the received Ethernet data frame whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom type value, and display the parsing result.

[0027] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a computer storage medium storing a plurality of instructions adapted for loading by a processor and executing the above-described method steps.

[0028] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a wireless bridge device, which may include: a processor and a memory; wherein the memory stores a computer program, the computer program being adapted to be loaded by the processor and to execute the above-described method steps.

[0029] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication system, including a wireless bridge device supporting the 802.11ah protocol and a test computer.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this application include at least the following:

[0031] Using the free Wireshark software on the Windows platform eliminates the need to purchase expensive professional packet capture and analysis software, significantly reducing software procurement costs. For many small and medium-sized enterprises or individual developers, this undoubtedly alleviates the financial burden, making wireless testing and analysis more economically feasible. The wireless bridge device is responsible for establishing a connection with the target 802.11ah device, receiving data frames, performing a series of processing steps, and finally sending the processed data to the test computer via Ethernet. The test computer only needs to use a standard Ethernet port to receive data; there is no need for an 802.11ah protocol wireless network card or its driver, greatly reducing hardware costs and configuration complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the network architecture provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for capturing packets from an 802.11 AH device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless bridge device provided in this application;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a computer storage medium provided in this application;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a wireless bridge device provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 The network architecture of a test system based on the 802.11ah protocol that can be applied to this application is shown.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the test system may include: a test computer 101, a wireless bridge device 102, and a target 802.11ah device 103.

[0041] The wireless bridge device 102 supports the 802.11ah protocol. The wireless bridge device 102 communicates with the test computer 101 through the Ethernet port. The wireless bridge device 102 can communicate with the target 802.11ah device through a wireless link or radio frequency cable. There can be multiple target 802.11ah devices.

[0042] The test computer 101 can be a personal computer, tablet, or laptop, etc.

[0043] It should be understood that Figure 1 The number of test computers, wireless bridge devices, and target 802.11ah devices shown is for illustrative purposes only. The number of test computers, wireless bridge devices, and target 802.11ah devices can be any number, depending on implementation needs.

[0044] Please see Figure 2 This document provides a flowchart illustrating a method for capturing packets from an 802.11 AH device, as described in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 As shown, the method described in this application embodiment may include the following steps:

[0045] S201. The wireless bridge device receives connection configuration information from the test computer and establishes a connection with the target 802.11ah device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password.

[0046] The wireless bridge device communicates with the test computer via its Ethernet port. The test computer sends connection configuration information, including key information such as SSID, frequency, bandwidth, and WiFi password, to the wireless bridge device. Upon receiving this information, the wireless bridge device initiates a connection process with the target 802.11ah device according to the requirements of the 802.11ah protocol. During the connection process, the wireless bridge device first searches for the wireless network where the target 802.11ah device is located based on the SSID, then adjusts its own wireless parameters according to the frequency and bandwidth information to match the target device's wireless environment. Finally, it uses the WiFi password for authentication, completing the connection establishment with the target 802.11ah device.

[0047] For example: Suppose the test computer sends connection configuration information with an SSID of "802.11ah_Test", a frequency of 902MHz, a bandwidth of 2MHz, and a WiFi password of "12345678". After receiving this information, the wireless bridge device first searches for the wireless network with the SSID "802.11ah_Test" and finds the network where the target 802.11ah device is located. Next, it adjusts its own wireless operating frequency to 902MHz and its bandwidth to 2MHz. Finally, it uses the password "12345678" to authenticate with the target device and successfully establishes a connection.

[0048] In some possible embodiments of this application, the radio frequency interface of the wireless bridge device is connected to the radio frequency interface of the target 802.11ah device via a radio frequency cable.

[0049] The wireless bridge device's RF interface is connected to the target 802.11ah device's RF interface via an RF cable, establishing a wireless data communication path between them. The wireless bridge device's RF interface is specifically designed for processing RF signals, featuring specific impedance matching characteristics, typically 50 ohms, to minimize energy loss during RF signal transmission and effectively reduce signal reflection, ensuring signal integrity and stability. The target 802.11ah device's RF interface also adheres to similar impedance matching standards, ensuring good signal coupling when the two are connected via an RF cable.

[0050] Connecting the RF interface of a wireless bridge device to the RF interface of the target 802.11ah device via an RF cable enables stable and efficient wireless data communication. This connection method ensures low loss and high fidelity of the RF signal during transmission, reduces signal interference and distortion, and improves communication reliability and data transmission accuracy. Simultaneously, a stable RF communication link provides a solid foundation for subsequent data processing and analysis, enabling the test computer to accurately obtain relevant information about the target 802.11ah device, such as RF performance and data content, thereby facilitating performance evaluation and fault diagnosis of the target device.

[0051] In some possible embodiments of this application, the wireless bridge device has the capability to allocate radio frequency (RF) resources. Its internal RF module has multiple independently configurable RF channels or can dynamically allocate a single RF channel using techniques such as time-division multiplexing and frequency-division multiplexing. When establishing connections with multiple target 802.11ah devices simultaneously, the wireless bridge device rationally allocates RF resources based on factors such as the location, signal strength, and communication requirements of each target device. For example, for target devices that are closer and have stronger signals, relatively more bandwidth resources can be allocated; while for devices that are farther away or have weaker signals, more refined modulation and coding methods may be used to ensure communication quality, while simultaneously adjusting resource allocation accordingly. In this way, it ensures that each target device receives sufficient RF resources to maintain a stable connection.

[0052] The 802.11ah protocol supports multiple channels, and wireless bridge devices initiate multi-channel scanning. It sequentially sends probe request frames on different channels and listens for responses from target devices. By analyzing factors such as signal strength, interference levels, and the number of target devices on each channel, the wireless bridge device selects the most suitable channel to establish a connection with each target device. For example, if a channel has strong interference, the wireless bridge device will avoid establishing a connection with target devices on that channel and instead choose a channel with less interference to improve connection stability and data transmission reliability.

[0053] For each target 802.11ah device, the wireless bridge device operates according to the authentication and association process defined in the 802.11ah protocol. During the authentication phase, the wireless bridge device sends an authentication request frame to the target device, and the target device replies with an authentication response frame to verify the identity and legitimacy of both parties. After successful authentication, the wireless bridge device sends an association request frame, and the target device replies with an association response frame, completing the association process. Through this series of authentication and association operations, the wireless bridge device establishes a formal connection with each target device, laying the foundation for subsequent packet capture.

[0054] In testing and monitoring scenarios, it can comprehensively and efficiently acquire communication data from multiple target devices, greatly improving testing and monitoring efficiency. Testers can simultaneously perform performance analysis and fault diagnosis on multiple devices, promptly identifying potential communication problems or performance differences between devices.

[0055] S202, The wireless bridge device receives 802.11ah data frames from the target 802.11ah device.

[0056] After establishing a connection with the target 802.11ah device, the wireless bridge device enters a listening state, waiting to receive 802.11ah data frames sent by the target device. When the target device has data to transmit, it encapsulates the data into 802.11ah data frames according to the 802.11ah protocol format and sends them to the wireless bridge device via the wireless channel. The wireless bridge device's wireless receiving module captures these wireless signals and converts them into digital signals for subsequent processing.

[0057] For example, a target 802.11ah device needs to send some sensor data to a test computer. This sensor data is encapsulated into 802.11ah data frames according to the 802.11ah protocol's frame format and then transmitted wirelessly. The wireless receiving module of the wireless bridge device receives these wireless signals, converts them into digital signals, and prepares them for further processing.

[0058] S203. The wireless bridge device verifies the 802.11ah data frames.

[0059] When a wireless bridge device receives an 802.11ah data frame, it performs a check to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data. The check process typically includes Frame Check Sequence (FCS) verification. The wireless bridge device calculates the checksum for the received data frame according to the checksum algorithm specified in the 802.11ah protocol and compares the result with the checksum carried in the data frame. If they match, it means that no errors occurred during the transmission of the data frame, and the checksum passes; otherwise, it means that the data frame may have contained an error, and the checksum fails.

[0060] For example, when a wireless bridge device receives an 802.11ah data frame, it calculates a checksum for the data frame according to the FCS (Fault Table) algorithm specified in the 802.11ah protocol. Then, it compares this calculated checksum with the FCS value carried in the data frame. If they match, the checksum passes, indicating that the data frame is error-free; if they differ, the checksum fails, indicating that the data frame may have been interfered with or encountered other errors during transmission.

[0061] S204. If the verification passes, the wireless bridge device determines the frame type of the 802.11ah data frame; if the verification fails, the 802.11ah data frame is discarded.

[0062] If the verification passes, the wireless bridge device will further analyze the frame type of the 802.11ah data frame. The frame type is usually identified in the frame header. The wireless bridge device determines the frame type by reading relevant information in the header, such as whether it is an NDP (Null Data Packet) frame. If the verification fails, the wireless bridge device will discard the data frame directly without further processing to avoid erroneous data affecting the system.

[0063] For example, suppose a wireless bridge device receives a successfully verified 802.11ah data frame. Reading the frame header, it finds that the frame type is identified as an NDP frame. The wireless bridge device will then determine that the data frame is an NDP frame and process it according to the subsequent NDP frame handling procedures. If another data frame fails verification, the wireless bridge device will discard it directly without performing frame type determination or other subsequent operations.

[0064] S205. If the frame type is NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains the Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the first custom value.

[0065] Specifically, when the wireless bridge device determines that the frame type of an 802.11ah data frame is NDP, it retrieves an Ethernet frame header from a predefined Ethernet frame header library whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value. This first custom value is a special value used to identify the Ethernet data frame corresponding to the NDP frame, so that the test computer can recognize and process this type of Ethernet data frame.

[0066] For example: Suppose the first custom value is 0x88B5. When the wireless bridge device determines that the received 802.11ah data frame is an NDP frame, it will find an Ethernet frame header with an Ethernet type value of 0x88B5 in the Ethernet frame header library and prepare to encapsulate it with the subsequent data.

[0067] S206. If the frame type is not NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains the Ethernet frame header with the Ethernet type value equal to the second custom value.

[0068] Specifically, if the wireless bridge device determines that the frame type of an 802.11ah data frame is not NDP, it will retrieve an Ethernet frame header from the Ethernet frame header library with an Ethernet type value equal to a second custom value. This second custom value differs from the first custom value and is used to identify the Ethernet data frame corresponding to the non-NDP frame, so that the test computer can distinguish between different types of Ethernet data frames and perform corresponding processing.

[0069] For example, suppose the second custom value is 0x88B6. When the wireless bridge device determines that the received 802.11ah data frame is not an NDP frame, it will find an Ethernet frame header with an Ethernet type value of 0x88B6 in the Ethernet frame header library, ready for use in subsequent data encapsulation.

[0070] S207. The wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11ah device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11ah data frame.

[0071] During communication with the target 802.11ah device, the wireless bridge device measures the target device's radio frequency (RF) performance in real time, including signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). After measurement, the wireless bridge device fills the measured RF performance results into the header of the 802.11ah data frame according to the format specified in the 802.11ah protocol. Thus, the test computer, upon receiving the data frame, can obtain the target device's RF performance information by parsing the header.

[0072] For example, a wireless bridge device measures the signal strength of a target 802.11ah device to be -70dBm and the signal-to-noise ratio to be 20dB. These measurement results are then filled into the corresponding fields in the header of the 802.11ah data frame according to the format specified in the 802.11ah protocol. When the test computer receives this data frame, it can obtain the information that the target device's signal strength is -70dBm and the signal-to-noise ratio is 20dB by parsing the frame header.

[0073] In some possible embodiments of this application, the wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11ah device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11ah data frame, including:

[0074] The wireless bridge device measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, phase noise, frequency deviation, and bit error rate of the target 802.11ah device.

[0075] By using a pre-established RF performance evaluation model, an RF performance score is calculated based on RF measurement results;

[0076] The calculated RF performance score and RF measurement results are filled into the frame header of the 802.11ah data frame.

[0077] The wireless bridge device, through its radio frequency (RF) receiver module, uses a built-in signal strength detection circuit to measure the power level of the signal transmitted by the target 802.11ah device. It continuously receives RF signals from the target device and converts them into electrical signals for processing. By analyzing the amplitude of the electrical signal and combining it with a known reference power value, the signal strength can be accurately calculated, typically in decibels per milliwatt (dBm). For example, when the target device is close to the wireless bridge device, the received signal strength may be strong, such as -50dBm; while when the distance is greater or there are obstacles, the signal strength may weaken to around -80dBm.

[0078] Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of signal power to noise power. Wireless bridge devices, while receiving signals, utilize dedicated noise detection circuitry to measure the power of background noise. It first separates the signal and noise components from the received total signal, then calculates the signal power and noise power separately, ultimately arriving at the SNR. A higher SNR indicates better signal quality and less susceptibility to noise interference; for example, an SNR of 30dB indicates relatively high signal quality. Conversely, an SNR below 10dB may result in significant signal interference, affecting communication quality.

[0079] Phase noise reflects the instability of signal phase. Wireless bridge devices employ high-precision phase detection circuits to monitor and analyze the phase of received radio frequency signals in real time. It compares the received signal with a high-precision local reference signal, measuring phase noise by analyzing changes in the phase difference. The magnitude of phase noise affects the modulation accuracy and spectral characteristics of the signal; excessively high phase noise can lead to signal distortion and reduced communication reliability.

[0080] The frequency of the signal transmitted by the target 802.11ah device may deviate from the expected frequency due to various reasons (such as frequency drift of the device itself, changes in ambient temperature, etc.). Wireless bridge devices use frequency synthesizers and frequency comparators to measure this frequency deviation. It compares the received signal frequency with a locally generated standard frequency and calculates the difference, i.e., the frequency deviation. Excessive frequency deviation can affect signal demodulation performance, leading to data transmission errors.

[0081] Bit error rate (BER) is the ratio of the number of erroneous bits received to the total number of bits transmitted. After receiving data, wireless bridge devices perform data verification, such as using methods like Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). By comparing the received data with the expected data from the sender, the number of erroneous bits is counted, and this, combined with the total number of transmitted bits, is used to calculate the BER. BER is an important indicator of the reliability of a communication system; a lower BER indicates better communication quality, for example, a BER below 10. -6 At that time, the communication quality was relatively reliable.

[0082] The wireless bridge device pre-establishes a radio frequency (RF) performance evaluation model, which is derived from extensive experimental data and analysis of real-world application scenarios. The model assigns different weights to different RF performance metrics (signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, phase noise, frequency deviation, and bit error rate), reflecting the importance of each metric to the overall RF performance. For example, signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio have a greater impact on communication quality and may be assigned higher weights; while phase noise and frequency deviation have relatively smaller impacts and may have lower weights.

[0083] After obtaining the measurement results of various RF performance indicators, the wireless bridge device inputs these results into the RF performance evaluation model. The model then comprehensively evaluates each indicator based on preset weights and calculation formulas, calculating an RF performance score. This score is a comprehensive indicator that directly reflects the RF performance of the target 802.11ah device. For example, the score range may be between 0 and 100, with a higher score indicating better RF performance.

[0084] The wireless bridge device fills the calculated RF performance score and the measurement results of various RF performance indicators into the frame header of the 802.11ah data frame according to the frame header format specified in the 802.11ah protocol. The frame header typically contains specific fields for storing this information, and the wireless bridge device writes the corresponding data into these fields according to the prescribed format and length. For example, signal strength may occupy 2 bytes of storage space, and signal-to-noise ratio may occupy 1 byte. After filling, the data frame contains the RF performance information of the target 802.11ah device for subsequent transmission and processing.

[0085] A comprehensive RF performance measurement of the target 802.11ah device is performed using a wireless bridge device. The calculated RF performance score is then filled into the data frame header, allowing the test computer to obtain detailed and comprehensive RF performance information. This enables testers to intuitively understand the RF performance status of the target device and quickly determine if there are performance problems, such as weak signal or high interference. Furthermore, based on the RF performance score, horizontal and vertical comparisons of RF performance across different devices or time periods can be made, providing strong evidence for device optimization, debugging, and maintenance, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the entire wireless communication system.

[0086] Technical effects of this technical solution:

[0087] The free Wireshark software on the Windows platform eliminates the need for expensive professional packet capture and analysis software, significantly reducing software procurement costs. For many small and medium-sized enterprises or individual developers, this undoubtedly alleviates the financial burden, making wireless testing and analysis more economically feasible. The wireless bridge device is responsible for establishing a connection with the target 802.11ah device, receiving data frames, performing a series of processing steps, and finally sending the processed data to the test computer via Ethernet. The test computer only needs to use a standard Ethernet port to receive data; there is no need for an 802.11ah protocol wireless network card or its driver, greatly reducing hardware costs and configuration complexity.

[0088] The S208 wireless bridge device encapsulates the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11ah data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and then sends the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port.

[0089] The wireless bridge device itself has the hardware capability to convert wireless frames into Ethernet frames. After obtaining the appropriate Ethernet frame header, the wireless bridge device encapsulates the updated 802.11ah data frame (i.e., the 802.11ah data frame filled with RF measurement results) with the Ethernet frame header. The encapsulation process combines the Ethernet frame header and the 802.11ah data frame into a complete Ethernet data frame according to the Ethernet protocol format. After encapsulation, the wireless bridge device sends the generated Ethernet data frame to the test computer through its Ethernet port for further processing and analysis.

[0090] For example, a wireless bridge device receives an Ethernet frame header with an Ethernet type value of 0x88B5 and an updated 802.11ah data frame. It combines this Ethernet frame header and the 802.11ah data frame into a complete Ethernet data frame according to the Ethernet protocol format. Then, it sends this Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port.

[0091] In some possible embodiments of this application, after generating Ethernet data frames, the wireless bridge device performs redundancy analysis on the content of the data frames. Ethernet data frames may contain repetitive data patterns, unnecessary padding bytes, or data structures that can be simplified. For example, in some cases, the same identification information or default parameter values ​​may appear multiple times in the data frame. The wireless bridge device identifies these redundant parts using specific algorithms and removes them using appropriate compression strategies. For instance, for consecutively occurring sequences of the same bytes, run-length encoding (RLE) can be used to represent these repeating bytes with shorter codes, thereby reducing the size of the data frame.

[0092] In addition to removing redundant data, wireless bridge devices also optimize the data format within data frames. For example, for numerical data with a limited value range, a more compact encoding method can be used. Suppose a field originally used 32 bits to represent a value between 0 and 1000; the wireless bridge device can optimize this to use 10 bits of binary data, saving 22 bits of storage space. Optimizing the data format further compresses Ethernet data frames, improving data transmission efficiency.

[0093] Wireless bridge devices select appropriate compression algorithms based on the characteristics of data frames and actual needs. Common compression algorithms include LZ77, LZ78, and their variants. These algorithms compress repetitive patterns in data frames by using dictionary encoding, sliding window matching, and other methods. The wireless bridge device applies the selected compression algorithm to Ethernet data frames, converting the original data frames into compressed ones. Compressed data frames occupy less bandwidth during transmission, allowing more data to be transmitted in the same amount of time.

[0094] To ensure the security of Ethernet data frames during transmission, wireless bridge devices select a suitable encryption algorithm. Common encryption algorithms include symmetric encryption algorithms (such as AES) and asymmetric encryption algorithms (such as RSA). When high performance is required and the data volume is large, wireless bridge devices typically choose symmetric encryption algorithms because they have relatively low computational complexity and fast encryption and decryption speeds. For example, the AES algorithm offers high security and efficiency, effectively protecting sensitive information in data frames.

[0095] After determining the encryption algorithm, the wireless bridge device generates the key required for encryption. Key generation typically uses a random number generator to ensure the key's randomness and unpredictability. Simultaneously, the wireless bridge device needs to securely manage the key to prevent leakage. It may store the key in a secure storage area and employ a key update mechanism to periodically change the key, thereby improving data security.

[0096] Wireless bridge devices encrypt compressed Ethernet data frames using a generated key and a selected encryption algorithm. The encryption process involves transforming each byte of the data frame according to the rules of the encryption algorithm, making the original data unreadable. For example, in the AES encryption algorithm, the data frame is divided into multiple blocks, and each block undergoes a series of logical operations with the key to obtain the encrypted data block. Even if the encrypted Ethernet data frame is intercepted during transmission, attackers cannot directly obtain the original information, thus ensuring data security.

[0097] Wireless bridge devices, by compressing and encrypting Ethernet data frames, bring significant technical benefits to data transmission. Compression reduces the size of data frames, lowers the bandwidth required for data transmission, and improves data transmission efficiency, enabling the transmission of more data within limited network bandwidth. This is particularly suitable for applications with high real-time requirements or large data volumes. Encryption ensures data security during transmission, preventing data theft, tampering, or forgery, and ensuring that the data received by the test computer is complete, authentic, and confidential. This is especially important for test environments involving the transmission of sensitive information, effectively protecting the security of test data and related equipment.

[0098] S209. The test computer loads a Lua script using Wireshark software to parse the received Ethernet data frames whose Ethernet type value is equal to the first custom value or the second custom value, obtaining the Ethernet frame header, 802.11ah frame header and 802.11ah frame body, and displays the parsing results.

[0099] In this process, after the test computer receives Ethernet data frames sent by the wireless bridge device, it uses Wireshark software to capture and analyze the packets. To correctly parse Ethernet data frames with Ethernet type values ​​equal to either a first or second custom value, the test computer needs to pre-load a Lua script. This Lua script contains parsing rules for specific Ethernet type values, enabling it to parse Ethernet data frames layer by layer according to the protocol specifications, extracting information such as the Ethernet frame header, 802.11ah frame header, and 802.11ah frame body. After parsing, Wireshark software displays the parsing results on the interface for easy viewing and analysis by testers.

[0100] For example, after the test computer receives an Ethernet data frame with an Ethernet type value of 0x88B5, it launches the Wireshark software and loads the corresponding Lua script. The Wireshark software parses the Ethernet data frame according to the parsing rules in the Lua script, extracting information such as the Ethernet frame header, 802.11ah frame header, and 802.11ah frame body. Then, these parsing results are displayed on the Wireshark interface, allowing the tester to visually see information such as the source MAC address and destination MAC address in the Ethernet frame header, the frame type and sequence number in the 802.11ah frame header, and the specific data content in the 802.11ah frame body.

[0101] In some possible embodiments of this application, after receiving Ethernet data frames from the wireless bridge device, the test computer first parses these data frames. It identifies different types of Ethernet frames based on the frame header information, particularly the frame type field. Common Ethernet frame types include data frames, control frames, and management frames. For example, data frames are typically used to transmit actual application data, control frames are used to coordinate communication between devices in the network, and management frames are used for network configuration and management. By analyzing the value of the frame type field, the test computer can accurately determine the specific type of each Ethernet frame.

[0102] To more intuitively demonstrate the parsing results of different types of Ethernet frames, the test computer pre-defines a color mapping rule. This rule associates different types of Ethernet frames with specific colors. For example, data frames are mapped to blue, control frames to green, and administrative frames to red. This color mapping rule is designed based on the human visual sensitivity and ability to distinguish colors, enabling testers to quickly and accurately identify different types of frames.

[0103] After completing the Ethernet frame parsing and color mapping, the test computer will present the results visually. This may involve creating a dedicated display area on the graphical user interface (GUI) to show the parsed information of each Ethernet frame (such as frame header information, payload data, etc.) according to its corresponding color. For example, when the test computer parses a data frame, it will display the frame's detailed information in a blue background or blue font in the display area; when parsing a control frame, it will be displayed in green. In this way, testers can clearly understand the distribution and content of different types of Ethernet frames, improving the efficiency of data analysis.

[0104] The test computer extracts RF performance data, such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate, from Ethernet data frames sent by the wireless bridge device. It collects and organizes this data, sorting it chronologically for subsequent trend analysis. For example, the test computer records RF performance data at each point in time, forming a time-series dataset.

[0105] To plot RF performance trends, the test computer selects an appropriate graphing algorithm. Common algorithms include line graphs and bar graphs. For displaying RF performance trends, line graphs are more suitable because they clearly show how the data changes over time. The test computer converts the compiled RF performance data into the coordinate points needed for plotting, based on the requirements of the selected algorithm. For example, time is used as the x-axis, and RF performance indicators (such as signal strength) are used as the y-axis to calculate the coordinate values ​​for each time point.

[0106] Trend Chart Display and Interaction: The test computer uses a graphics library or tool to plot the converted coordinate point data into an RF performance trend chart, which is then displayed on the GUI. The trend chart visually shows how the RF performance of the target 802.11ah device changes over time. The test computer also provides interactive functions such as zooming in, zooming out, and panning the trend chart, allowing testers to observe RF performance changes in more detail over a specific time period. For example, testers can use the mouse to zoom in on a specific area of ​​the trend chart to observe subtle fluctuations in signal strength during that time period.

[0107] The test computer uses different colors to distinguish the parsing results of different types of Ethernet frames and to plot and display the RF performance trend charts of the target 802.11ah device, resulting in significant technical improvements. In Ethernet frame analysis, color differentiation allows testers to quickly identify different types of frames, improving the efficiency of data parsing and understanding, and helping to promptly identify abnormal frame types or problems in network communication. In RF performance monitoring, the trend charts visually display the changes in the target device's RF performance over time. Testers can observe the trend charts to promptly detect fluctuations or anomalies in RF performance, such as a sudden drop in signal strength or an increase in bit error rate, thereby taking timely measures for optimization and adjustment to ensure the stability and reliability of the wireless communication system.

[0108] In one possible embodiment of this application, after the test computer receives multiple Ethernet frames from the target 802.11ah device, it performs feature extraction on each frame. These features may include the frame length, key fields in the frame header (such as source MAC address, destination MAC address, frame type, etc.), statistical characteristics of the data portion (such as data entropy, average value, variance, etc.), and signal-related features (such as signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, etc.). For example, by analyzing the frame header fields, the source and destination of the frame can be determined; by calculating the data entropy, the randomness and complexity of the data can be understood. These features can reflect the communication status of the Ethernet frame and potential fault information.

[0109] The test computer inputs feature data from multiple extracted Ethernet frames into a pre-trained fault detection model. Based on learned knowledge and patterns, the model infers and analyzes the input features to determine if the target 802.11ah device is faulty. For example, the model might compare the features of the current frame with the feature distribution of frames under normal conditions; if it finds that certain features deviate from the normal range, it will determine that a fault may exist. The model comprehensively considers the feature information of multiple Ethernet frames to improve the accuracy and reliability of fault detection and avoid misjudgments caused by accidental anomalies in a single frame.

[0110] After the model's inference and analysis, the test computer will output the fault detection result. The result can be a simple binary classification, indicating whether the device is normal or faulty; or it can be a more detailed fault type classification, such as signal interference fault, hardware fault, software fault, etc. Simultaneously, the test computer will also output the confidence level of the detection result, that is, the reliability of the model's judgment. For example, a high confidence level indicates that the model's judgment of the fault is relatively certain, while a low confidence level may require further analysis or the collection of more data.

[0111] The testing computer will evaluate the test results. If the results indicate a fault, it will trigger an alert mechanism. It will determine whether to send an alert to the testers based on the type and severity of the fault. For example, for severe faults, such as a complete loss of communication, an alert will be triggered immediately; while for minor faults, such as a slight decrease in signal strength still within acceptable limits, the system may first record and observe the fault, triggering an alert only if the fault persists or worsens.

[0112] Warning Information Generation: When it is determined that a warning information needs to be sent, the test computer will generate detailed warning information. The warning information includes the identification information of the faulty device (such as device name, MAC address, etc.), the type of fault, the detection time, the severity of the fault, and the possible scope of impact. For example, the warning information may specifically state that "the target 802.11ah device (MAC address: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX) has experienced a signal interference fault, the detection time was 10:00 on July 1, 2024, the severity of the fault is moderate, and it may cause a decrease in communication quality in some areas."

[0113] The test computer sends alerts to testers through various methods. Common methods include email, SMS, and instant messaging tools. It selects the appropriate method based on the tester's pre-set receiving methods and preferences. For example, if the tester has set up email alerts, the test computer will send the alert to the designated email address; if they have set up SMS alerts, the information will be sent to the tester's mobile phone via an SMS platform. This ensures that testers receive alerts promptly so they can take appropriate action.

[0114] The test computer utilizes a pre-trained fault detection model to detect faults in multiple Ethernet frames of the target 802.11ah device and sends warning messages to testers when faults are detected, resulting in significant technical benefits. It enables automated fault detection, greatly improving the timeliness and accuracy of fault discovery and reducing the workload and errors of manual testing. By outputting detailed detection results and warning messages, testers can quickly understand the fault situation, including the fault type and severity, enabling them to take targeted measures for troubleshooting and repair, improving the reliability and stability of the equipment, and ensuring the normal operation of the wireless communication system.

[0115] The following are embodiments of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the embodiments of the method described in this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method described in this application.

[0116] Please see Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a wireless bridge device provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application, hereinafter referred to as device 3. Device 3 can be implemented as all or part of a wireless bridge device through software, hardware, or a combination of both. Device 3 includes: a connection unit 301, a receiving unit 302, a determining unit 303, an acquiring unit 304, a filling unit 305, and a transmitting unit 306.

[0117] The connection unit 301 is used to receive connection configuration information from the test computer and establish a connection with the target 802.11ah device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11ah protocol;

[0118] The receiving unit 302 is used to receive 802.11ah data frames from the target 802.11ah device;

[0119] A verification unit is used to verify the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0120] The determining unit 303 is used to determine the frame type of the 802.11ah data frame if the verification passes; and to discard the 802.11ah data frame if the verification fails.

[0121] The acquisition unit 304 is used to acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value if the frame type is NDP.

[0122] The acquisition unit 304 is further configured to, if the frame type is not NDP, acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a second custom value;

[0123] The filling unit 305 is used by the wireless bridge device to measure the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11 AH device and fill the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11 AH data frame;

[0124] The sending unit 306 is used to encapsulate the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11 AH data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and to send the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port, so that the test computer can load a Lua script through the Wireshark software to parse the received Ethernet data frame whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom type value, and display the parsing result.

[0125] In one or more possible embodiments, the radio frequency interface of the wireless bridge device is connected to the radio frequency interface of the target 802.11ah device via a radio frequency cable.

[0126] In one or more possible embodiments, the wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11 AH device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11 AH data frame, including:

[0127] The wireless bridge device measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, phase noise, frequency deviation, and bit error rate of the target 802.11ah device.

[0128] By using a pre-established RF performance evaluation model, an RF performance score is calculated based on RF measurement results;

[0129] The calculated RF performance score and the RF measurement results are filled into the frame header of the 802.11ah data frame.

[0130] In one or more possible embodiments, before sending the Ethernet data frame to the test computer via the Ethernet port, the method further includes:

[0131] Wireless bridge devices compress and encrypt Ethernet data frames.

[0132] In one or more possible embodiments, the wireless bridge device establishes connections with multiple target 802.11ah devices simultaneously, enabling simultaneous packet capture of multiple target 802.11ah devices.

[0133] It should be noted that the device 3 provided in the above embodiments, when performing the packet capture method on an 802.11 AH device, is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the above functions. In addition, the wireless bridge device provided in the above embodiments and the packet capture method embodiment on an 802.11 AH device belong to the same concept, and its implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] The sequence numbers of the embodiments in this application are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0135] See Figure 4 This application provides a computer storage medium, which can be a disk, optical disk, magnetic tape, or USB flash drive, etc. The computer storage medium can store multiple instructions (i.e., computer programs), which are adapted to be loaded and executed by a processor as described above. Figure 1 The method steps of the illustrated embodiment can be found in the following documentation for detailed execution. Figure 1 The specific details of the illustrated embodiments will not be elaborated here.

[0136] This application also provides a computer program product that stores at least one instruction, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the packet capture method for 802.11 AH devices as described in the above embodiments.

[0137] Please see Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wireless bridge device provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 As shown, the wireless bridge device 500 may include: at least one processor 501, at least one network interface 504, user interface 503, memory 505, and at least one communication bus 502.

[0138] The communication bus 502 is used to enable communication between these components.

[0139] The user interface 503 may include a display screen and a camera. Optionally, the user interface 503 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0140] The network interface 504 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface).

[0141] The processor 501 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 501 connects to various parts within the wireless bridge device 500 using various interfaces and lines. It executes various functions and processes data of the wireless bridge device 500 by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in the memory 505, and by calling data stored in the memory 505. Optionally, the processor 501 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Programmable Logic Array (PLA).

[0142] The memory 505 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory 505 may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 505 can be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 505 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory 505 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 501. Figure 5 As shown, the memory 505, which serves as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and application programs.

[0143] exist Figure 5 In the wireless bridge device 500 shown, the user interface 503 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and to obtain user input data; while the processor 501 can be used to call the application program stored in the memory 505 and specifically execute, such as Figure 2 The method shown can be referred to for details. Figure 2 As shown, it will not be elaborated further here.

[0144] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory, or random access memory, etc.

[0145] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application shall still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for packet capture of 802.11AH devices, characterized in that, include: The wireless bridge device receives connection configuration information from the test computer and establishes a connection with the target 802.11AH device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11AH protocol; The wireless bridge device receives 802.11AH data frames from the target 802.11AH device; The wireless bridge device verifies the 802.11AH data frame; If the verification passes, the wireless bridge device determines the frame type of the 802.11AH data frame; If the verification fails, the 802.11AH data frame is discarded; If the frame type is NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the first custom value; If the frame type is not NDP, the wireless bridge device obtains an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the second custom value; The wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11AH device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11AH data frame; The wireless bridge device encapsulates the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11AH data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and sends the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port. The test computer loads a Lua script using Wireshark software to parse Ethernet data frames whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom value, and displays the parsing results.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radio frequency interface of the wireless bridge device is connected to the radio frequency interface of the target 802.11AH device via a radio frequency cable.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The wireless bridge device measures the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11AH device and fills the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11AH data frame, including: The wireless bridge device measures the signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, phase noise, frequency deviation, and bit error rate of the target 802.11AH device; By using a pre-established RF performance evaluation model, an RF performance score is calculated based on RF measurement results; The calculated RF performance score and the RF measurement results are filled into the frame header of the 802.11AH data frame.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before sending the Ethernet data frame to the test computer via the Ethernet port, the method further includes: Wireless bridge devices compress and encrypt Ethernet data frames.

5. The method according to claim 1, 2, or 4, characterized in that, The wireless bridge device can simultaneously establish connections with multiple target 802.11AH devices, enabling simultaneous packet capture of multiple target 802.11AH devices.

6. A wireless bridge device, characterized in that, include: The connection unit is used to receive connection configuration information from the test computer and establish a connection with the target 802.11AH device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11AH protocol; The receiving unit is used to receive 802.11AH data frames from the target 802.11AH device; A verification unit is used to verify the 802.11AH data frame; A determining unit is used to determine the frame type of the 802.11AH data frame if the verification passes; If the verification fails, the 802.11AH data frame is discarded; The acquisition unit is configured to, if the frame type is NDP, acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value; The acquisition unit is further configured to, if the frame type is not NDP, acquire an Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to a second custom value; A filling unit is used by the wireless bridge device to measure the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11AH device and fill the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11AH data frame; The sending unit is used to encapsulate the acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11AH data frame to generate an Ethernet data frame, and to send the Ethernet data frame to the test computer through the Ethernet port, so that the test computer can load a Lua script through the Wireshark software to parse the received Ethernet data frame whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom type value, and display the parsing result.

7. A wireless bridge device, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory; wherein the memory stores a computer program adapted to be loaded by the processor and executed the method steps as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

8. A test system based on the 802.11AH protocol, characterized in that, include: Wireless bridge equipment and test computer; The wireless bridge device is used to receive connection configuration information from a test computer and establish a connection with a target 802.11AH device through the connection configuration information; the connection configuration information includes SSID, frequency point, bandwidth and WiFi password; the wireless bridge device supports the 802.11AH protocol; Receive 802.11ah data frames from the target 802.11AH device; The 802.11AH data frame is verified; If the verification passes, the frame type of the 802.11AH data frame is determined; if the verification fails, the 802.11AH data frame is discarded. If the frame type is NDP, obtain the Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the first custom value; If the frame type is not NDP, obtain the Ethernet frame header whose Ethernet type value is equal to the second custom value; Measure the radio frequency performance of the target 802.11AH device and fill the radio frequency measurement results into the frame header of the 802.11AH data frame; The acquired Ethernet frame header and the updated 802.11AH data frame are encapsulated to generate an Ethernet data frame, and the Ethernet data frame is sent to the test computer through the Ethernet port. The test computer is used to load Lua scripts using Wireshark software to parse received Ethernet data frames whose Ethernet type value is equal to a first custom value or a second custom value, and to display the parsing results.

9. The testing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test computer is also used to distinguish the parsing results of different types of Ethernet frames using different colors, and to draw and display the radio frequency performance trend chart of the target 802.11AH device.

10. The testing system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The test computer is also used to perform fault detection on multiple Ethernet frames received from the target 802.11AH device using a pre-trained fault detection model, output the detection results, and send a warning message to the test personnel if the detection results indicate that a fault has occurred.

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