A stamping automobile mold planing and milling processing equipment

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of machining equipment technology, specifically to a milling and planing machine for stamping automotive molds. It includes a base frame, a sliding fixing component, a gantry frame, a transverse movement section, a vertical movement section, and a milling and planing motor. The tool magazine includes a fixing component fixed to one side of the gantry frame, a turntable rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the fixing component, multiple tool holders fixed to the outer edge of the turntable's bottom surface, and a drive component. A C-shaped frame is provided on the outer side of the bottom of the tool holder. The tool includes a base column slidably engaged with the C-shaped frame, a tool head fixed to the bottom of the base column, a top column fixed to the top of the base column, and a prism fixed to the top of the top column. A bushing is fixed to the top surface of one side of the tool holder, and a sliding groove and a slot are provided on the other side wall, which are respectively slidably engaged with the base column and the prism in the transverse direction. A C-shaped plate is vertically slidably fitted inside the arc-shaped groove at the top of the inner end of the sliding groove. A prism groove is provided on the top surface of the inner end of the slot, and a spring connects the bottom surface of the arc-shaped groove to the bottom surface of the C-shaped plate. This improves the efficiency of tool changing during milling and planing of automotive stamping parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining equipment technology, specifically to a stamping-type automotive mold milling machine. Background Technology

[0002] Stamping dies are specialized equipment used in cold stamping processes to process metal or non-metal materials into parts or semi-finished products. They utilize a press and dies to apply external force to sheet metal, strip, tube, and profiles, causing plastic deformation or separation to obtain stamped parts of the desired shape and size. In the automotive industry, stamping is essential for components such as car bodies, chassis, fuel tanks, radiator fins, boiler drums, container shells, and the silicon steel cores of motors and electrical appliances.

[0003] In actual processing, after automotive stamping parts are stamped, they often require surface finishing using milling equipment. Because the milling requirements vary for different automotive stamping parts or different locations on the parts, frequent tool switching is necessary during milling. Traditionally, tool switching relies on manual operation, resulting in low automation and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stamping-type automotive mold milling and planing equipment to solve the problem of difficulty in efficiently changing tools when milling and planing automotive stamping parts formed by stamping dies in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a stamping-type automotive mold milling machine, comprising a base frame, a sliding fixing member that slides back and forth along the top of the base frame, a gantry frame spanning the middle of the base frame, a transverse moving part that moves laterally along the top of the gantry frame, a vertical moving part that moves vertically along the transverse moving part, and a milling motor fixed to the vertical moving part. The tool magazine includes a fixing member fixedly mounted on a vertical beam on one side of the gantry frame, a turntable rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the fixing member, multiple tool holders circumferentially fixed to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the turntable, and a driving member for driving the turntable to rotate. The bottom outer side of the tool holder is provided with a C-shaped bracket with a radial opening. The tool includes a tool that is radially slidably engaged with the... The C-shaped frame contains a bottom column, a cutter head fixed to the bottom of the bottom column, a top column fixed to the top of the bottom column, and a prism fixed to the top of the top column. The cutter holder includes a base, a C-shaped plate, and a top pressure spring. A bushing is fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the power output shaft of the milling motor on one side of the top surface of the cutter holder. The bottom of the other side wall of the cutter holder is provided with a sliding groove that slides and engages with the bottom column laterally. The top of the sliding groove is provided with a slot that slides and engages with the prism. The top of the sliding groove opposite the bushing is provided with an arc-shaped groove. The top surface of the inner end of the slot is provided with a prism slot opposite the bushing. The C-shaped plate is slidably fitted into the arc-shaped groove along the vertical direction. The spring is connected between the bottom surface of the arc-shaped groove and the bottom surface of the C-shaped plate.

[0006] Preferably, the fixing component includes a sleeve fixedly fitted to the top of one side vertical beam of the gantry frame and an annular plate whose inner edge of the top surface is fixed to the bottom of the sleeve, and the turntable is rotatably installed at the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate.

[0007] Preferably, the turntable includes a fixed ring fixed to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate, an external gear ring rotatably fitted outside the fixed ring, and a connecting ring fixed to the inner edge of the bottom surface of the external gear ring. A circular plate is fixed to the outer side of the annular plate, and the circular plate has a shaft hole at its center. The driving component includes a drive motor fixed to the top surface of the circular plate and having its power output shaft passing through the shaft hole, and a gear fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the drive motor's power output shaft and meshing with the external gear ring. The top end of the tool holder is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the connecting ring.

[0008] Preferably, the tool holder further includes an arc-shaped block whose top end is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the connecting ring, and the C-shaped frame is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the arc-shaped block on the side away from the opening.

[0009] Preferably, the inner peripheral wall of the C-shaped frame is provided with an arc-shaped protrusion in the middle, and the front and rear walls of the bottom column are respectively provided with grooves that slide and engage with the arc-shaped protrusion.

[0010] Preferably, the front and rear walls of the arc-shaped protrusion opening are respectively provided with side grooves, and limit blocks are slidably fitted in the side grooves. A limit spring is connected between the limit block and the inner end face of the side groove.

[0011] Preferably, the outer edge of the C-shaped plate has a conical structure, and the opening width of the C-shaped plate is equal to the outer diameter of the bottom column.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom surface of the arc groove is provided with a plurality of insertion holes evenly distributed, and the bottom end of the top pressure spring is inserted into the insertion holes.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped block has multiple vertically extending through holes, and the top of the bolt passing through the through holes is threadedly engaged with the bottom surface of the connecting ring.

[0014] Preferably, the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the annular plate by bolts.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention relates to a milling and planing machine for stamping automotive molds. When a tool needs to be replaced, the milling and planing structure is moved towards the tool magazine by a lateral movement part, so that the tool is precisely inserted into the empty tool holder. The lateral movement part moves the milling and planing structure away from the tool magazine by a certain distance, so that the drive component can rotate the tool holder corresponding to the tool to be replaced to the position corresponding to the tool holder. The lateral movement part moves towards the tool magazine again, so that the tool holder and the tool to be replaced are assembled, thereby facilitating the efficient tool replacement process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the entire invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool holder of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the tool holder of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the C-shaped plate of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool magazine of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the fastener of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the turntable of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tool holder of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the driving component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutting tool of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1 - base frame;

[0029] 2-Sliding fixing component;

[0030] 3-Gantry frame;

[0031] 4- Lateral movement section;

[0032] 5-Vertical shifting section;

[0033] 6- Milling motor;

[0034] 7-Tool holder; 7.1-Base; 7.1.1-Slide groove; 7.1.2-Slot; 7.1.3-Pyramidal groove; 7.1.4-Arc groove; 7.1.5-Insertion hole; 7.1.6-Sleeve; 7.2-C-shaped plate; 7.3-Top pressure spring;

[0035] 8-Fixed component; 8.1-Annular plate; 8.2-Sleeve; 8.3-Circular plate; 8.3.1-Shaft hole;

[0036] 9-Turntable; 9.1-Fixing ring; 9.2-External gear ring; 9.3-Connecting ring;

[0037] 10-Tool holder; 10.1-Arc-shaped block; 10.2-C-shaped frame; 10.2.1-Arc-shaped protrusion; 10.2.2-Side groove; 10.3-Limiting block; 10.4-Limiting spring;

[0038] 11-Drive component; 11.1-Drive motor; 11.2-Gear;

[0039] 12-Cutting tool; 12.1-Bottom post; 12.1.1-Groove; 12.2-Cutting head; 12.3-Top post; 12.4-Pyramid. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] Please see Figure 1-11 This invention provides a technical solution: a stamping-type automotive mold milling processing equipment, comprising a base frame 1, a sliding fixing member 2 that slides back and forth along the top of the base frame 1, a gantry frame 3 spanning the middle of the base frame 1, a transverse moving part 4 that moves laterally along the top of the gantry frame 3, a vertical moving part 5 that moves vertically along the transverse moving part 4, and a milling motor 6 fixed on the vertical moving part 5. The sliding fixing member 2 is used to fix the automotive stamping part to be milled and to carry the automotive stamping part to move longitudinally, in conjunction with the milling structure for the milling process. The transverse moving part 4 is used to carry the vertical moving part and the milling structure to move laterally, thereby changing the transverse milling position of the automotive stamping part. The vertical moving part 5 is used to carry the milling structure to move up and down, facilitating adjustment of the milling depth, etc. The milling motor 6 is used to drive the cutting tool 12 to rotate at high speed to realize the milling process.

[0042] The tool magazine includes a fixing member 8 fixedly mounted on one side of the vertical beam of the gantry 3, a turntable 9 rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the fixing member 8, multiple tool holders 10 circumferentially fixed on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the turntable 9, and a drive member 11 for driving the turntable 9 to rotate. The tool holders 10 have radially open C-shaped brackets 10.2 on their outer bottom. The central axis of the tool magazine is aligned with the central axis of the milling motor 6. The fixing member 8 includes a sleeve 8.2 fixedly mounted on one side of the vertical beam of the gantry 3 near the top, and an annular plate 8.1 fixed to the bottom end of the sleeve 8.2 at its inner edge. The turntable 9 is rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate 8.1. A circular plate 8.3 is fixed to the outer side of the annular plate 8.1, and the circular plate 8.3 has a shaft hole 8.3.1 at its center. The sleeve 8.2 is bolted to the side wall of the vertical beam of the gantry 3. The turntable 9 includes a fixing ring 9.1 bolted to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate 8.1, an external gear ring 9.2 rotatably fitted outside the fixing ring 9.1, and a connecting ring 9.3 fixed to the inner edge of the bottom surface of the external gear ring 9.2. The drive unit 11 includes a drive motor 11.1 fixed to the top surface of the circular plate 8.3 with its power output shaft passing through the shaft hole 8.3.1, and a gear 11.2 fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the power output shaft of the drive motor 11.1 and meshing with the external gear ring 9.2. The tool holder 10 also includes an arc-shaped block 10.1 whose top end is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the connecting ring 9.3, and a C-shaped frame 10.2 whose side away from the opening is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the arc-shaped block 10.1. The arc-shaped block 10.1 has multiple vertically extending through holes, and the top of the bolt passing through the through holes is threaded onto the bottom surface of the connecting ring 9.3. The C-shaped frame 10.2 has an arc-shaped protrusion 10.2.1 in the middle of its inner peripheral wall.

[0043] The cutting tool 12 includes a bottom post 12.1 that is radially slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the C-shaped frame 10.2, a cutting head 12.2 fixed to the bottom of the bottom post 12.1, a top post 12.3 fixed to the top of the bottom post 12.1, and a prism 12.4 fixed to the top of the top post 12.3. The bottom post 12.1 has grooves 12.1.1 on its front and rear walls that are slidably engaged with the arc-shaped protrusion 10.2.1.

[0044] The tool holder 7 includes a base 7.1, a C-shaped plate 7.2, and a top pressure spring 7.3. A bushing 7.1.6 is fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the power output shaft of the milling motor 6 on the top surface of one side of the tool holder 7. A sliding groove 7.1.1 is provided at the bottom of the other side wall of the tool holder 7, which is slidably engaged with the bottom post 12.1 in the transverse direction. The top of the sliding groove 7.1.1 is provided with a slot 7.1.2 that is slidably engaged with the prism 12.4. The top of the sliding groove 7.1.1, which is opposite to the bushing 7.1.6, is provided with an arc groove 7.1.4. The top surface of the inner end of the slot 7.1.2 is provided with a prism slot 7.1.3 that is opposite to the bushing 7.1.6. The C-shaped plate 7.2 is slidably fitted into the arc groove 7.1.4 in the vertical direction. The spring 7.3 is connected between the bottom surface of the arc groove 7.1.4 and the bottom surface of the C-shaped plate 7.2. The outer edge of the C-shaped plate 7.2 has a conical structure, and the opening width of the C-shaped plate 7.2 is equal to the outer diameter of the bottom post 12.1. The bottom surface of the arc groove 7.1.4 is evenly provided with multiple insertion holes 7.1.5, and the bottom end of the top pressure spring 7.3 is inserted into the insertion hole 7.1.5.

[0045] In summary, during normal milling and planing, the tool 12 used in the current milling process is mounted on the tool holder 7, and the milling and planing motor 6 drives the tool 12 to rotate at high speed through the tool holder 7, thus performing the milling and planing process. At this time, the C-shaped bracket 10.2, which is directly opposite the tool holder 7 in the transverse direction, is in an empty state, that is, no other tool 12 is mounted in its inner cavity.

[0046] When a tool change is required, the milling motor 6 adjusts the direction of the tool holder 7 so that the tool 12 to be used is directly opposite the unused C-shaped frame 10.2, and the side of the base 7.1 with the slot 7.1.2 and slide 7.1.1 is away from the tool magazine direction. Both the milling motor 6 and the drive motor 11.1 are servo motors to facilitate precise control of the rotation angle.

[0047] The vertical moving part 5 adjusts the vertical position of the reused tool 12 to ensure that the groove 12.1.1 is aligned with the arc protrusion 10.2.1 of the empty C-shaped frame 10.2; then the horizontal moving part 4 drives the vertical moving part 5 and the milling structure to move towards the tool magazine, so that the groove 12.1.1 of the reused tool 12 fits into the arc protrusion 10.2.1. At this point, the vertical moving part 5 drives the entire milling structure to move slightly upward. Since the bottom column 12.1 is engaged with the arc-shaped protrusion 10.2.1, a vertical limit is formed, that is, the tool holder 7 is lifted relative to the tool 12, so that the prism 12.4 applies downward pressure to the C-shaped plate 7.2, that is, ensuring that the top of the prism 12.4 is disengaged from the prism groove 7.1.3, and the prism 12.4 is exactly aligned with the groove 7.1.2. Then, the horizontal moving part 4 drives the vertical moving part 5 and the milling structure to continue moving towards the tool magazine, so that the prism 12.4 and the top column 12.3 slide out of the groove 7.1.2 and the slide groove 7.1.1 respectively. Then, the vertical moving part 5 drives the milling motor 6 and the tool holder 7 to move upward, so that the bottom surface of the tool holder 7 is higher than the top surface of the tool 12 in the tool holder 10. Then, the horizontal moving part 4 moves a certain distance away from the tool magazine, so that the tool holder 7 moves to the left side of the leftmost tool holder 10.

[0048] The vertical moving part 5 moves downward, and the milling motor 6 drives the tool holder 7 to rotate 180°, so that the slot 7.1.2 is directly aligned with the prism 12.4 of the tool 12 that has just been placed on the tool holder 10.

[0049] The drive motor 11.1 drives the connecting ring 9.3 to rotate through the gear 11.2 and the external gear ring 9.2, so that the connecting ring 9.3 rotates the other tool 12 to be installed to a position directly opposite the tool holder 7.

[0050] At this time, the transverse part 4 moves towards the tool magazine, so that the prism 12.4 and the top post 12.3 of the other tool 12 are precisely engaged and slid into the inner ends of the slot 7.1.2 and the slide groove 7.1.1, respectively. When the prism 12.4 slides into the innermost end of the slot 7.1.2, it will gradually press down on the C-shaped plate 7.2, causing the top spring 7.3 to compress, and the bottom post 12.1 will gradually engage in the opening groove of the C-shaped plate 7.2; until the prism 12.4 is directly aligned with the prism slot 7.1.3, the top spring 7.3 has an upward rebound tendency. However, since the tool 12 is limited by the limiting effect of the arc protrusion 10.2.1, it will not move upward directly under the rebound effect of the top spring 7.3. Therefore, the vertical part 5 needs to move downward by the depth of the prism slot 7.1.3 so that the top of the prism 12.4 is engaged in the prism slot 7.1.3. Then, the transverse section 4 moves away from the tool magazine, which can drive the other tool 12 to disengage from the corresponding C-shaped frame 10.2. Due to the rebound effect of the top pressure spring 7.3, the C-shaped plate 7.2 exerts an upward pressure on the prism 12.4 to ensure that the top of the prism 12.4 is always stuck in the prism groove 7.1.3, thus completing the tool 12 replacement process.

[0051] To prevent the tool 12 placed on the C-shaped frame 10.2 from easily slipping off, side grooves 10.2.2 are provided on the front and rear walls of the opening end of the arc-shaped protrusion 10.2.1. Limiting blocks 10.3 are slidably fitted inside the side grooves 10.2.2, and a limiting spring 10.4 connects the limiting block 10.3 to the inner end face of the side groove 10.2.2. That is, by the lateral movement of the transverse part 4, when the tool 12 is engaged or disengaged from the C-shaped frame 10.2, a squeezing effect is applied to the limiting block 10.3, causing it to compress the limiting spring 10.4 and retract into the side groove 10.2.2, thus satisfying the needs of normal engagement and disengagement operations. Under normal conditions, the limiting spring 10.4 pushes the limiting block 10.3 out of the side groove 10.2.2 to prevent the tool 12 inside from slipping off. The outer surface of the limiting block 10.3 is an arc surface.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A milling and planing machine for stamping automotive molds, comprising a base frame (1), a sliding fixing member (2) that slides back and forth along the top surface of the base frame (1), a gantry frame (3) spanning the middle of the base frame (1), a transverse moving part (4) that moves laterally along the top surface of the gantry frame (3), a vertical moving part (5) that moves vertically along the transverse moving part (4), and a milling and planing motor (6) fixed on the vertical moving part (5), characterized in that, Also includes: The tool magazine includes a fixing member (8) fixedly mounted on a vertical beam on one side of the gantry (3), a turntable (9) rotatably mounted on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the fixing member (8), a plurality of tool holders (10) fixed circumferentially on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the turntable (9), and a driving member (11) for driving the turntable (9) to rotate. The tool holders (10) are provided with C-shaped frames (10.2) with radial openings on the outer side of the bottom. The cutting tool (12) includes a bottom post (12.1) that is radially slidably engaged with the inner cavity of the C-shaped frame (10.2), a cutting head (12.2) fixed to the bottom of the bottom post (12.1), a top post (12.3) fixed to the top of the bottom post (12.1), and a prism (12.4) fixed to the top of the top post (12.3). The tool holder (7) includes a base (7.1), a C-shaped plate (7.2), and a top pressure spring (7.3). A bushing (7.1.6) is fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the power output shaft of the milling motor (6) on one side of the tool holder (7). A sliding groove is provided at the bottom of the other side wall of the tool holder (7) to slide laterally with the bottom post (12.1). 7.1.1), the top of the slide groove (7.1.1) is provided with a slot (7.1.2) that slides and engages with the prism (12.4), the top of the slide groove (7.1.1) and the bushing (7.1.6) is provided with an arc groove (7.1.4), the top surface of the inner end of the slot (7.1.2) is provided with a prism groove (7.1.3) that is directly opposite to the bushing (7.1.6), the C-shaped plate (7.2) is slidably fitted into the arc groove (7.1.4) in the vertical direction, and the top pressure spring (7.3) is connected between the bottom surface of the arc groove (7.1.4) and the bottom surface of the C-shaped plate (7.2); The fastener (8) includes a sleeve (8.2) fixedly fitted to the top of one side of the vertical beam of the gantry frame (3) and an annular plate (8.1) fixed to the bottom of the sleeve (8.2) on the inner edge of the top surface. The turntable (9) is rotatably installed on the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate (8.1). The turntable (9) includes a fixed ring (9.1) fixed to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the annular plate (8.1), an external gear ring (9.2) rotatably fitted outside the fixed ring (9.1), and a connecting ring (9.3) fixed to the inner edge of the bottom surface of the external gear ring (9.2). A circular plate (8.3) is fixed to the outer side of the annular plate (8.1). The circular plate (8.3) has a shaft hole (8.3.1) at its center. The driving component (11) includes a drive motor (11.1) fixed to the top surface of the circular plate (8.3) with its power output shaft passing through the shaft hole (8.3.1) and a gear (11.2) fixedly fitted to the bottom end of the power output shaft of the drive motor (11.1) and meshing with the external gear ring (9.2). The top end of the tool holder (10) is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the connecting ring (9.3). The C-shaped frame (10.2) has an arc-shaped protrusion in the middle of its inner peripheral wall. 10.2.1), the front and rear walls of the bottom column (12.1) are respectively provided with grooves that slide and engage with the arc-shaped protrusion (10.2.1). 12.1.1), the front and rear walls of the opening end of the arc-shaped protrusion (10.2.1) are respectively provided with side grooves (10.2.2), and limit blocks (10.3) are slidably fitted in the side grooves (10.2.2). A limit spring (10.4) is connected between the limit block (10.3) and the inner end face of the side groove (10.2.2).

2. The stamping-type automotive mold milling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tool holder (10) also includes an arc-shaped block (10.1) whose top end is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the bottom surface of the connecting ring (9.3), and the C-shaped frame (10.2) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the outer wall of the arc-shaped block (10.1) on the side away from the opening.

3. The stamping-type automotive mold milling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge of the C-shaped plate (7.2) has a conical structure, and the opening width of the C-shaped plate (7.2) is equal to the outer diameter of the bottom column (12.1).

4. The stamping-type automotive mold milling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the arc groove (7.1.4) is uniformly provided with multiple insertion holes (7.1.5), and the bottom end of the top pressure spring (7.3) is inserted into the insertion hole (7.1.5).

5. The stamping-type automotive mold milling equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc-shaped block (10.1) has multiple vertically extending through holes, and the top of the bolt passing through the through holes is threaded into the bottom surface of the connecting ring (9.3).

6. The stamping-type automotive mold milling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing ring (9.1) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the annular plate (8.1) by bolts.

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