Spring shot blasting method

Abstract

The application discloses a spring shot blasting technology, and aims to provide a spring shot blasting method, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparing a spring; S2, feeding on a first conveying mechanism; S3, receiving the material on a second conveying mechanism; S4, accelerating and distributing the shot: the impeller of a shot blasting machine body is driven to a preset rotating speed V1 by a high-speed motor, the shot is conveyed from a storage bin to the center of the impeller through a flow guide pipe, so that the shot is uniformly dispersed to the root of each blade, then the shot is accelerated to a speed V2 along the blade groove under the action of centrifugal force, so that the shot is projected from the outlet of the impeller in a fan-shaped shot flow to the surface of the spring; wherein, in the accelerating and distributing process, a preheating unit in the storage bin maintains the temperature of the storage bin at 50-60 DEG C to reduce the plastic deformation of the shot; S5, dynamically adjusting shot blasting parameters; S6, detecting shot blasting coverage; S7, recycling and screening the shot; S8, discharging and quality inspection; the application is suitable for the spring shot blasting technical field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a spring shot blasting technology, and more specifically, to a spring shot blasting method. Background Technology

[0002] Springs are elastic components widely used in machinery, automobiles, aerospace, and other fields, and their performance directly affects the reliability and service life of equipment. Traditional spring manufacturing processes often employ surface treatment methods such as sandblasting, acid pickling, or mechanical polishing. However, these techniques suffer from drawbacks such as uneven treatment, environmental pollution, and significant material loss. With the increasing demands for fatigue strength and corrosion resistance in industrial applications, the development of novel surface strengthening technologies has become an urgent industry need.

[0003] In current spring surface treatment technology, traditional shot blasting strengthens the shot by gravity or centrifugal force, which has problems such as difficulty in accurately controlling the shot speed and insufficient coverage. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new shot blasting method that can achieve precise control of kinetic energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a spring shot blasting method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a spring shot blasting method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Prepare the springs: Select the springs to be shot blasted, and then the operator visually inspects the surface of the springs for impurities, including but not limited to oil stains and oxidation impurities. If they are present, they are pre-treated by manual processing, ultrasonic cleaning or sandblasting to ensure that the surface of the springs is free of impurities.

[0007] S2. Feeding the first conveyor mechanism: Place the springs on the conveyor belt of the first conveyor mechanism at preset intervals, and adjust the axial direction of the springs by the limiting plate on the conveyor belt so that the springs are conveyed to the second conveyor mechanism in an orderly manner.

[0008] S3, Second conveying mechanism receiving: When the spring moves to the end of the first conveying mechanism, the first conveying mechanism continues to convey, so that the spring rolls down along the guide plate at the end of the first conveying structure to the two rollers on the self-rotating structure in the second conveying mechanism, so that the spring continues to be conveyed into the shot blasting machine body while rotating.

[0009] S4. Shot Acceleration and Distribution: The impeller of the shot blasting machine body is driven to a preset speed V1 by a high-speed motor. The shot is transported from the storage bin to the center of the impeller through the guide pipe, so that the shot is evenly distributed to the root of each blade. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, the shot is accelerated to a speed V2 along the blade groove, so that the shot is thrown from the impeller outlet in a fan-shaped shot stream onto the spring surface. During the acceleration and distribution process, the preheating unit in the storage bin maintains the temperature of the storage bin at 50-60℃ to reduce the plastic deformation of the shot.

[0010] S5. Dynamic adjustment of shot blasting parameters: The load torque of the impeller is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor installed on the impeller. If the torque value exceeds the preset threshold Tmax, the motor speed is reduced to V1'.

[0011] S6. Shot blasting coverage inspection: A high-speed camera is used to capture the coverage rate of the shot impact area on the spring surface. If the coverage rate is lower than the preset value Amin, the opening of the guide tube is increased.

[0012] S7. Shot recovery and screening: After the shot is fired, the fragments with a diameter smaller than Bmin are separated by a vibrating screen. The remaining shot is returned to the storage silo after iron impurities are removed by a magnetic separator.

[0013] S8. Unloading and Quality Inspection: After shot blasting, the spring enters the quality inspection area through the inclined slide at the end of the second conveying mechanism. The Ra value is measured using a surface roughness meter. If Ra≤0.8μm, it is deemed qualified; otherwise, return to step S2.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that: the first conveying mechanism includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying springs, a tensioning device for maintaining the preload of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support;

[0015] The conveyor belt is provided with several uniformly arranged limiting plates that are vertically arranged along the conveying direction to ensure that the springs are conveyed to the second conveying mechanism in an orderly and consistent manner; the end of the first conveying mechanism is provided with a guide plate fixed to the frame and used to guide the springs into the second conveying mechanism, and the inclination angle of the guide plate is 30°-45°.

[0016] The present invention is further configured such that: the second conveying mechanism penetrates the shot blasting machine body and includes a conveying structure and a self-rotating structure. The conveying structure includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying the self-rotating structure, a tensioning device for maintaining the pretension of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support.

[0017] The self-rotating structure includes several uniformly arranged truncated cones on the conveyor belt. Two rollers symmetrical and parallel with respect to the conveying direction of the conveying structure are provided on the truncated cones for rotating the spring. A micro motor for driving the rollers to rotate, thereby driving the spring to rotate, is also provided on the truncated cones. A fixing plate for preventing the spring from falling off and shifting is also provided on the truncated cones.

[0018] The end of the second conveying mechanism is also provided with an inclined slide fixed to the frame and used to guide the spring after shot blasting into the quality inspection area.

[0019] The present invention is further configured such that: the shot blasting machine body includes a storage bin for storing shot, a guide pipe for conveying shot from the storage bin to the center of the impeller, an impeller for accelerating shot, a collection bin for collecting shot after blasting, a vibrating screen for screening the collected shot into debris, a magnetic separator for removing iron impurities from the shot after screening, a conveying pipe for conveying shot after removing iron impurities to the storage bin, and a high-speed camera for capturing shot distribution density images and generating coverage curves;

[0020] An adjustable guide plate assembly is provided at the impeller outlet, consisting of 5 arc-shaped titanium alloy plates. The angle of the guide plate can be adjusted in real time according to the spring helix angle. The adjustment formula is θ=arctan(D / d), where D is the mean diameter of the spring and d is the diameter of the spring wire.

[0021] The present invention is further configured such that, in step S5, the dynamic adjustment method includes the following steps:

[0022] S51. Preset torque threshold range [Tmin, Tmax], where Tmin = 120 N·m, Tmax = 180 N·m;

[0023] S52. If the real-time torque T∈[Tmin,Tmax], then maintain the current speed V1;

[0024] S53. If T > Tmax, then calculate the corrected speed according to the formula V1' = V1 × [1 - (T - Tmax) / Tmax].

[0025] S54. If T < Tmin, increase the opening of the guide pipe to 1.2 times the original opening. After increasing the opening, delay for 30 seconds and check the torque change rate again. If dT / dt < 10 N·m / s, trigger the blockage warning, stop the equipment and issue an alarm to notify the operator.

[0026] The present invention is further configured such that, in step S6, the coverage determination method includes the following steps:

[0027] S61. Convert the image captured by the high-speed camera into a grayscale matrix and calculate the standard deviation σ of the grayscale values;

[0028] S62. If σ≤σ0, the coverage rate is deemed to meet the standard.

[0029] S63. If σ>σ0, then further identify the percentage of uncovered area B% through edge detection algorithm;

[0030] S64. If B% > (100-Amin)%, then increase the opening of the guide tube.

[0031] The present invention is further configured such that, in step S4, the composition of the projectiles is in the mass ratio of: cast iron shot: steel shot: ceramic shot = 5:3:2, wherein the particle size of the cast iron shot is 0.4-0.6 mm, the particle size of the steel shot is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the particle size of the ceramic shot is 0.2-0.4 mm.

[0032] The present invention is further configured such that the impeller has 8-12 blades, and the ratio of the thickness of the blades to the diameter of the projectile is 1:1.5-1:2.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] 1. Compared with existing technologies, the spring shot blasting method of this invention achieves intelligent and refined surface treatment of springs by establishing a complete shot blasting process system; the pretreatment stage adopts multiple cleaning methods to ensure the cleanliness of the substrate, creating ideal interface conditions for subsequent shot blasting; the dual conveying mechanism works together to achieve orderly and directional conveying of springs; the dynamic torque adjustment system adopts a closed-loop feedback mechanism to ensure the blasting intensity while avoiding the risk of equipment overload and extending the service life of core components; the coverage detection technology based on machine vision realizes real-time optimization of process parameters, improving detection efficiency compared with traditional manual sampling methods; the shot recovery system maintains the stability of shot particle size through multi-stage sorting technology, ensuring the consistency of shot blasting intensity; in particular, the introduction of the preheating unit significantly reduces the plastic deformation rate of cold shot, increasing the number of shot reuses.

[0035] 2. The design of the first conveying mechanism in the spring shot blasting method of the present invention can efficiently and stably complete the conveying and adjustment of springs; the drive motor provides sufficient power output, and the reducer, together with the reducer, achieves precise adjustment of speed and torque, ensuring the smooth operation of the conveyor belt; the active / driven rollers and the tensioning device work together to effectively support and pull the conveyor belt, ensuring the stable transmission of springs; the uniform arrangement of the limiting plates effectively ensures the order and consistency of the springs during the conveying process to the second conveying mechanism, thereby avoiding the problems of springs being disordered or squeezed during the conveying process; the inclined angle design of the guide plate allows the springs to be smoothly guided into the second conveying mechanism at the end of the conveying process, ensuring conveying efficiency and accuracy; this design improves the stability, reliability and efficiency of the conveying system, and helps to improve the overall production efficiency.

[0036] 3. In this invention, by setting up a second conveying mechanism, a conveying structure and a rotation structure are integrated, enabling the spring to rotate at a uniform speed during the conveying process. The speed and torque of the conveyor belt are adjusted by the drive motor and reducer of the conveying structure, ensuring that the spring can be conveyed stably and orderly, avoiding possible bumps or displacement problems during transportation. At the same time, the rotation structure, by setting up rollers and micro motors, ensures that the spring maintains the correct rotation state during shot blasting, improving the uniformity of shot blasting and thus improving the surface treatment effect of the spring. The implementation of this solution helps to improve production efficiency, reduce mechanical wear, reduce equipment failure rate, and ensure the high efficiency and stability of the spring processing process.

[0037] 4. In this invention, by introducing multiple auxiliary devices into the shot blasting machine body, such as a storage bin, impeller, collection bin, and vibrating screen, the efficiency of shot blasting and the recycling rate of shot are greatly improved. Precise control of the guide pipe ensures accurate shot delivery and reduces energy waste. The adjustable guide plate design allows for real-time adjustment of the guide plate angle according to the spring helix angle, ensuring precise control of the shot firing direction and force during shot blasting, thereby ensuring a uniform treatment effect on the spring surface. Furthermore, monitoring with a high-speed camera allows for real-time capture of shot distribution density images, generating coverage curves and providing data support for subsequent adjustments and optimizations. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the spring shot blasting method of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 1-2 Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Spring; 2. First conveying mechanism; 3. Second conveying mechanism; 4. Shot blasting machine body; 5. Limiting plate; 6. Guide plate; 7. Frustum; 8. Roller; 9. Fixing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Reference Figure 1-2 The embodiments of the spring shot blasting method of the present invention are further described below.

[0042] For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as “up,” “down,” “left,” and “right” are used in the embodiments to describe the relationship of one element or feature shown in the figures relative to another element or feature. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figures is inverted, an element described as being “down” of other elements or features would be positioned “up” of those other elements or features. Therefore, the exemplary term “down” can encompass both up and down orientations. The device may be positioned in other ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.

[0043] Moreover, relational terms such as “first” and “second” are used merely to distinguish one component from another that has the same name, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between the components.

[0044] Figures 1 to 2 The spring shot peening method shown includes the following steps:

[0045] S1. Prepare spring 1: Select spring 1 to be shot blasted, and then the operator visually inspects the surface of spring 1 for impurities, including but not limited to oil stains and oxidation impurities. If they are present, they are pre-treated by manual processing, ultrasonic cleaning or sandblasting to ensure that the surface of spring 1 is free of impurities.

[0046] S2. Feeding the first conveyor mechanism 2: Place the springs 1 on the conveyor belt of the first conveyor mechanism 2 at preset intervals, and adjust the axial direction of the springs 1 by the limiting plate 5 on the conveyor belt so that the springs 1 are conveyed to the second conveyor mechanism 3 in an orderly manner.

[0047] S3, Second conveying mechanism 3 receiving material: When spring 1 moves to the end of the first conveying mechanism 2, the first conveying mechanism 2 continues to convey, so that spring 1 rolls down along the guide plate 6 at the end of the first conveying structure to the two rollers 8 on the self-rotating structure in the second conveying mechanism 3, so that spring 1 continues to be conveyed into the shot blasting machine body 4 while rotating.

[0048] S4. Shot Acceleration and Distribution: The impeller of the shot blasting machine body 4 is driven to a preset speed V1 by a high-speed motor. The shot is transported from the storage bin to the center of the impeller through the guide pipe, so that the shot is evenly distributed to the root of each blade. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, the shot is accelerated to a speed V2 along the blade groove, so that the shot is thrown from the impeller outlet in a fan-shaped shot stream onto the surface of the spring 1. During the acceleration and distribution process, the preheating unit in the storage bin maintains the temperature of the storage bin at 50-60℃ to reduce the plastic deformation of the shot.

[0049] S5. Dynamic adjustment of shot blasting parameters: The load torque of the impeller is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor installed on the impeller. If the torque value exceeds the preset threshold Tmax, the motor speed is reduced to V1'.

[0050] S6. Shot blasting coverage test: Use a high-speed camera to capture the coverage rate of the shot impact area on the surface of spring 1. If the coverage rate is lower than the preset value Amin, increase the opening of the guide tube.

[0051] S7. Shot recovery and screening: After the shot is fired, the fragments with a diameter smaller than Bmin are separated by a vibrating screen. The remaining shot is returned to the storage silo after iron impurities are removed by a magnetic separator.

[0052] S8. Unloading and Quality Inspection: After shot blasting, spring 1 enters the quality inspection area through the inclined slide at the end of the second conveying mechanism 3. The Ra value is measured by a surface roughness meter. If Ra≤0.8μm, it is deemed qualified; otherwise, return to step S2.

[0053] By establishing a complete shot blasting process system, intelligent and refined surface treatment of spring 1 was achieved. Multiple cleaning methods were employed in the pretreatment stage to ensure substrate cleanliness, creating ideal interface conditions for subsequent shot blasting. Dual conveying mechanisms worked together to achieve orderly and directional transport of spring 1. The dynamic torque adjustment system adopted a closed-loop feedback mechanism, ensuring blasting intensity while avoiding equipment overload risks and extending the service life of core components. Machine vision-based coverage detection technology enabled real-time optimization of process parameters, improving detection efficiency compared to traditional manual sampling methods. The shot recovery system maintained shot particle size stability through multi-stage sorting technology, ensuring consistent shot blasting intensity. In particular, the introduction of a preheating unit significantly reduced the plastic deformation rate of cold shot, increasing the number of shot reuses.

[0054] The first conveying mechanism 2 includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying the spring 1, a tensioning device for maintaining the preload of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support.

[0055] The conveyor belt is provided with several uniformly arranged limiting plates 5 vertically along the conveying direction to ensure that the springs 1 are conveyed to the second conveying mechanism 3 in an orderly and consistent manner; the end of the first conveying mechanism 2 is provided with a guide plate 6 fixed on the frame to guide the springs 1 into the second conveying mechanism 3, and the inclination angle of the guide plate 6 is 30°-45°.

[0056] The design of the first conveying mechanism 2 enables efficient and stable conveying and adjustment of the spring 1. The drive motor provides sufficient power output, and the reducer, in conjunction with the reducer, achieves precise adjustment of speed and torque, ensuring the smooth operation of the conveyor belt. The active / driven rollers and the tensioning device work together to effectively support and pull the conveyor belt, ensuring the stable transmission of the spring 1. The uniform arrangement of the limiting plates 5 effectively ensures the orderliness and consistency of the spring 1 during its transmission to the second conveying mechanism 3, thereby avoiding the problems of misalignment or compression of the spring 1 during the transmission process. The inclined angle design of the guide plate 6 allows the spring 1 to be smoothly guided into the second conveying mechanism 3 at the end of the transmission, ensuring conveying efficiency and accuracy. This design improves the stability, reliability, and efficiency of the transmission system, and helps to improve overall production efficiency.

[0057] The second conveying mechanism 3 penetrates the shot blasting machine body 4 and includes a conveying structure and a self-rotating structure. The conveying structure includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying the self-rotating structure, a tensioning device for maintaining the pretension of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support.

[0058] The self-rotating structure includes several uniformly arranged frustums 7 on the conveyor belt. Each frustum 7 has two rollers 8 that are symmetrical and parallel with respect to the conveying direction of the conveying structure and are used to rotate the spring 1. Each frustum 7 also has a micro motor for driving the rollers 8 to rotate, thereby driving the spring 1 to rotate. Each frustum 7 also has a fixing plate 9 for preventing the spring 1 from falling or shifting. The two rollers 8 rotate in the same direction.

[0059] The end of the second conveying mechanism 3 is also provided with an inclined slide fixed on the frame and used to guide the spring 1 after shot blasting into the quality inspection area; wherein the conveying speed of the second conveying mechanism 3 is set according to the speed of the first conveying mechanism 2, so that each spring 1 conveyed by the first conveying mechanism 2 can fall into the self-rotating structure in the second conveying mechanism 3 in sequence.

[0060] By setting up a second conveying mechanism 3, which integrates a conveying structure and a rotation structure, the spring 1 can rotate at a constant speed during the conveying process. The speed and torque of the conveyor belt are adjusted by the drive motor and reducer of the conveying structure, ensuring that the spring 1 can be conveyed stably and orderly, avoiding possible bumps or displacement problems during transportation. At the same time, the rotation structure, by setting up rollers 8 and micro motors, ensures that the spring 1 can maintain the correct rotation state at all times during shot blasting, improving the uniformity of shot blasting and thus improving the surface treatment effect of the spring 1. The implementation of this solution helps to improve production efficiency, reduce mechanical wear, reduce equipment failure rate, and ensure the high efficiency and stability of the spring 1 processing process.

[0061] The shot blasting machine body 4 includes a storage bin for storing shot, a guide pipe for conveying shot from the storage bin to the center of the impeller, an impeller for accelerating shot, a collection bin for collecting shot after blasting, a vibrating screen for screening the collected shot into debris, a magnetic separator for removing iron impurities from the shot after screening, a conveying pipe for conveying shot after removing iron impurities to the storage bin, and a high-speed camera for capturing shot distribution density images and generating coverage curves.

[0062] An adjustable guide plate assembly is provided at the impeller outlet, consisting of 5 arc-shaped titanium alloy plates. The angle of the guide plate can be adjusted in real time according to the helix angle of spring 1. The adjustment formula is θ=arctan(D / d), where D is the mean diameter of spring 1 and d is the diameter of the spring wire.

[0063] By introducing multiple auxiliary devices into the shot blasting machine body 4, such as a storage bin, impeller, collection bin, and vibrating screen, the efficiency of shot blasting and the recycling rate of shot are greatly improved. Precise control of the guide pipe ensures accurate shot delivery and reduces energy waste. The adjustable guide plate design allows for real-time adjustment of the guide plate angle based on the helix angle of spring 1, ensuring precise control of the shot firing direction and force during shot blasting, thereby ensuring a uniform surface treatment effect on spring 1. Furthermore, monitoring with a high-speed camera allows for real-time capture of shot distribution density images, generating coverage curves and providing data support for subsequent adjustments and optimizations.

[0064] In step S5, the dynamic adjustment method includes the following steps:

[0065] S51. Preset torque threshold range [Tmin, Tmax], where Tmin = 120 N·m, Tmax = 180 N·m;

[0066] S52. If the real-time torque T∈[Tmin,Tmax], then maintain the current speed V1;

[0067] S53. If T > Tmax, then calculate the corrected speed according to the formula V1' = V1 × [1 - (T - Tmax) / Tmax].

[0068] S54. If T < Tmin, increase the opening of the guide pipe to 1.2 times the original opening. After increasing the opening, delay for 30 seconds and check the torque change rate again. If dT / dt < 10 N·m / s, trigger the blockage warning, stop the equipment and issue an alarm to notify the operator.

[0069] During the shot blasting process of Spring 1, real-time monitoring of torque changes ensures the stability and efficiency of the equipment. When the torque exceeds the set range, the speed or the opening of the guide tube can be automatically adjusted according to the actual situation, avoiding the risk of equipment overload or uneven shot distribution. Specifically, when the torque is greater than the maximum value, adjusting the speed can effectively reduce the equipment load and avoid energy waste or machine failure caused by excessive speed. If the torque is lower than the minimum value, the shot blasting effect is improved by increasing the opening of the guide tube, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the surface treatment of Spring 1. In addition, the blockage warning mechanism can detect potential problems in time and automatically stop the machine, reducing production stoppages caused by equipment failures and effectively improving production efficiency and equipment reliability.

[0070] In step S6, the coverage determination method includes the following steps:

[0071] S61. Convert the image captured by the high-speed camera into a grayscale matrix and calculate the standard deviation σ of the grayscale values;

[0072] S62. If σ≤σ0, the coverage rate is deemed to meet the standard.

[0073] S63. If σ>σ0, then further identify the percentage of uncovered area B% through edge detection algorithm;

[0074] S64. If B% > (100-Amin)%, then increase the opening of the guide tube.

[0075] Images captured by a high-speed camera are converted into a grayscale matrix, and the standard deviation of the grayscale values ​​is calculated to monitor the uniformity of shot blasting coverage on the surface of spring 1 in real time. The standard deviation of the grayscale values ​​is used to determine whether the standard is met. If the coverage does not meet the requirements, an edge detection algorithm can be used to further identify the area of ​​the uncovered area and automatically adjust it according to the proportion. If the coverage still does not meet the standard, the system will automatically increase the opening of the guide tube to further improve the projection effect of the shot. This intelligent adjustment process ensures that the cleaning effect on the surface of spring 1 always meets the set standard, avoids errors caused by manual intervention, improves the level of automation in production, and reduces the scrap rate caused by uneven coverage, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0076] In step S4, the composition of the projectiles by mass ratio is: cast iron shot: steel shot: ceramic shot = 5:3:2, wherein the particle size of the cast iron shot is 0.4-0.6 mm, the particle size of the steel shot is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the particle size of the ceramic shot is 0.2-0.4 mm.

[0077] By selecting a reasonable ratio of cast iron shot, steel shot, and ceramic shot, not only is shot blasting efficiency improved, but the consistency and stability of the surface treatment of spring 1 are also enhanced. The differences in size and hardness of different types of shot ensure that a wider range of surfaces can be covered during the treatment process, avoiding uneven wear or insufficient treatment on the surface of spring 1. The larger particle size of cast iron shot can effectively remove surface roughness, while steel shot and ceramic shot help to refine the surface cleaning, making the surface of spring 1 smooth and uniform. The appropriate ratio can optimize the shot blasting effect and avoid the disadvantages that may be caused by using too much of a certain type of shot, such as excessive wear or poor effect.

[0078] The impeller has 8-12 blades, and the ratio of the blade thickness to the projectile diameter is 1:1.5-1:2.

[0079] By precisely designing the number of impeller blades and their ratio to the shot diameter, the optimal shot projection effect during shot blasting can be ensured. An appropriate number of blades and thickness ratio helps to achieve a more uniform shot distribution, thereby avoiding uneven treatment on the surface of spring 1. When the number of blades and thickness ratio are matched with the shot diameter, the acceleration effect of the shot can be effectively improved, enhancing the strength and uniformity of surface cleaning. At the same time, it can also ensure that the equipment can perform at its best under different shot sizes and processing requirements, thereby improving overall production efficiency and surface treatment quality.

[0080] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any ordinary changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spring shot blasting method, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare spring (1): Select spring (1) to be shot blasted, and then check by the operator whether there are impurities on the surface of spring (1). If there are, pre-treatment is carried out by manual processing, ultrasonic cleaning or sandblasting to ensure that there are no impurities on the surface of spring (1). S2, First conveyor mechanism (2) feeding: Place the springs (1) on the conveyor belt of the first conveyor mechanism (2) at preset intervals, and adjust the axial direction of the springs (1) by the limiting plate (5) on the conveyor belt so that the springs (1) are conveyed to the second conveyor mechanism (3) in an orderly manner. S3, Second conveying mechanism (3) receiving material: When the spring (1) moves to the end of the first conveying mechanism (2), the first conveying mechanism (2) continues to convey, so that the spring (1) rolls down along the guide plate (6) at the end of the first conveying mechanism (2) to the two rollers (8) on the self-rotating structure in the second conveying mechanism (3), so that the spring (1) continues to be conveyed into the shot blasting machine body (4) while rotating. S4. Shot Acceleration and Distribution: The impeller of the shot blasting machine body (4) is driven to a preset speed V1 by a high-speed motor. The shot is transported from the storage bin to the center of the impeller through the guide pipe so that the shot is evenly distributed to the root of each blade. Then, under the action of centrifugal force, the shot is accelerated to a speed V2 along the blade groove, so that the shot is thrown from the impeller outlet and into the surface of the spring (1) in a fan-shaped shot stream. During the acceleration and distribution process, the preheating unit in the storage bin maintains the temperature of the storage bin at 50-60℃ to reduce the plastic deformation of the shot. S5. Dynamic adjustment of shot blasting parameters: The load torque of the impeller is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor installed on the impeller. If the torque value exceeds the preset threshold Tmax, the motor speed is reduced to V1'. S6. Shot blasting coverage test: Use a high-speed camera to capture the coverage of the shot impact area on the surface of the spring (1). If the coverage is lower than the preset value Amin, increase the opening of the guide tube. S7. Shot recovery and screening: After blasting, the shot is separated by a vibrating screen to remove debris with a diameter smaller than Bmin. The remaining shot is returned to the storage silo after iron impurities are removed by a magnetic separator. S8. Unloading and quality inspection: After shot blasting, the spring (1) enters the quality inspection area through the inclined slide at the end of the second conveying mechanism (3). The surface roughness meter is used to measure the Ra value. If Ra≤0.8μm, it is deemed qualified; otherwise, return to step S2. The first conveying mechanism (2) includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying the spring (1), a tensioning device for maintaining the pretension of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support. The conveyor belt is provided with several uniformly arranged limiting plates (5) that are used to transport the springs (1) to the second conveying mechanism (3) in an orderly and consistent manner; the end of the first conveying mechanism (2) is provided with a guide plate (6) fixed on the frame and used to guide the springs (1) into the second conveying mechanism (3), and the inclination angle of the guide plate (6) is 30°-45°. The second conveying mechanism (3) penetrates the shot blasting machine body (4) and includes a conveying structure and a self-rotating structure. The conveying structure includes a drive motor for providing power output, a reducer for adjusting speed and torque, an active roller / driven roller for supporting and pulling the conveyor belt, a conveyor belt for carrying the self-rotating structure, a tensioning device for maintaining the pretension of the conveyor belt, and a frame for overall support. The self-rotating structure includes several uniformly arranged frustums (7) on the conveyor belt. Two rollers (8) symmetrical and parallel with respect to the conveying direction of the conveying structure are provided on the frustums (7) for rotating the spring (1). A micro motor is also provided on the frustums (7) for driving the rollers (8) to rotate, thereby driving the spring (1) to rotate. A fixing plate (9) is also provided on the frustums (7) for preventing the spring (1) from falling and shifting. The end of the second conveying mechanism (3) is also provided with an inclined slide that is fixed on the frame and used to guide the spring (1) to enter the quality inspection area after shot blasting is completed; The shot blasting machine body (4) includes a storage bin for storing shot, a guide pipe for conveying shot from the storage bin to the center of the impeller, an impeller for accelerating shot, a collection bin for collecting shot after blasting, a vibrating screen for screening the collected shot into debris, a magnetic separator for removing iron impurities from the shot after screening, a conveying pipe for conveying shot after removing iron impurities to the storage bin, and a high-speed camera for capturing shot distribution density images and generating coverage curves. An adjustable guide plate assembly, consisting of five arc-shaped titanium alloy plates, is provided at the impeller outlet. In step S6, the coverage determination method includes the following steps: S61. Convert the image captured by the high-speed camera into a grayscale matrix and calculate the standard deviation σ of the grayscale values; S62. If σ≤σ0, the coverage rate is deemed to meet the standard. S63. If σ > σ0, then further identify the percentage of uncovered area (B%) using an edge detection algorithm. S64. If B% > (100-Amin)%, then increase the opening of the guide tube.

2. The spring shot blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the dynamic adjustment method includes the following steps: S51. Preset torque threshold range [Tmin, Tmax], where Tmin = 120 N•m, Tmax = 180 N•m; S52. If the real-time torque T∈[Tmin, Tmax], then maintain the current speed V1; S53. If T > Tmax, then calculate the corrected speed according to the formula V1' = V1 × [1 - (T - Tmax) / Tmax]. S54. If T < Tmin, increase the opening of the guide pipe to 1.2 times the original opening. After increasing the opening, delay for 30 seconds and check the torque change rate again. If dT / dt < 10 N•m / s, trigger the blockage warning, stop the equipment and issue an alarm to notify the operator.

3. The spring shot blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the composition of the projectiles by mass ratio is: cast iron shot: steel shot: ceramic shot = 5:3:2, wherein the particle size of the cast iron shot is 0.4-0.6 mm, the particle size of the steel shot is 0.3-0.5 mm, and the particle size of the ceramic shot is 0.2-0.4 mm.

4. The spring shot blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impeller has 8-12 blades, and the ratio of the blade thickness to the projectile diameter is 1:1.5-1:2.

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