A multi-stage detectable laser-fused 3D printing apparatus and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a multi-stage inspection device and method for laser melting 3D printing, belonging to the field of 3D printing technology. The laser melting 3D printing device includes a laser processing component and a detection component; the laser processing component includes a laser melting module, a beam splitting module, a powder bed, and a powder spraying module, the laser melting module being used to emit laser light; the detection component includes a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjustment module, and a beam analysis and control module, the detection light source being used to emit detection light; the multi-stage inspection device for laser melting 3D printing provided by this invention can not only inspect and adjust the powder bed spreading effect before welding, but also detect and adjust the surface data of the powder bed in real time during the welding process, and simultaneously re-inspect the welding effect after welding, greatly improving inspection efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of 3D printing technology, specifically relating to a laser melting 3D printing device and method capable of multi-stage detection. Background Technology

[0002] 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, is a fabrication process that uses three-dimensional data as a basis to manufacture parts or objects by depositing materials. Compared to traditional subtractive manufacturing, it boasts high material utilization, low cost, and eliminates the need for traditional tools, fixtures, machine tools, or any molds. It can quickly and accurately transform three-dimensional models into solid objects, and is widely used in fields such as biological tissue engineering, aerospace, energy storage, electronics and devices, vehicle manufacturing, and engineering composite materials. Currently, laser melting 3D printing technology uses high-precision lasers to melt metal powder layer by layer to build parts, achieving stable fusion results.

[0003] However, at present, the inspection in the field of laser melting 3D printing technology is mainly carried out after welding to check the processing quality. This requires damaging the welded parts or using high-precision instruments such as microscopes, which makes the inspection cycle long, the inspection efficiency low, and it is impossible to inspect the powder spreading effect before welding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a multi-stage inspection device and method for laser melting 3D printing. Its purpose is to not only inspect and adjust the powder bed spreading effect before welding, but also to detect and adjust the surface data of the powder bed in real time during the welding process, and to review the welding effect after welding, without damaging the workpiece or relying on high-precision instruments, thus greatly improving the inspection efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage inspection, the laser melting 3D printing device comprising a laser processing component and an inspection component;

[0006] The laser processing assembly includes a laser melting module, a beam splitting module, a powder bed, and a powder spraying module. The laser melting module is used to emit laser light, which is incident on the powder bed via the beam splitting module. The powder spraying module is used to spread powder on the powder bed.

[0007] The detection assembly includes a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjustment module, and a beam analysis and control module. The detection light source emits detection light, which is split into a reference beam and a detection beam after entering the coupler. The reference beam is emitted to the reflection module, which reflects the reference beam back to the coupler. The detection beam is sequentially output to the second galvanometer adjustment module, the beam splitting module, and the powder bed. The detection beam reflected by the powder bed returns along its original path to the beam splitting module and is sequentially injected into the second galvanometer adjustment module and the coupler. Both the reference beam and the detection beam reflected to the coupler are injected into the beam analysis and control module, which is electrically connected to the laser melting module and the powder spraying module, respectively.

[0008] The second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed. The beam analysis and control module is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain the surface data of the powder bed, and feed the surface data of the powder bed back to the powder spraying module or the laser melting module to control the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed or to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module.

[0009] Optionally, the second galvanometer adjustment module includes a second X-mirror and a second Y-mirror arranged sequentially along the emission direction of the detection beam. The second X-mirror is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the X direction, and the second Y-mirror is used to adjust the deflection of the detection beam in the Y direction.

[0010] Optionally, the detection component is configured to adjust the detection beam via the second galvanometer adjustment module when the beam analysis and control module fails to receive the detection beam, such that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are spaced apart in the laser welding trajectory direction.

[0011] Optionally, the laser processing assembly further includes a first galvanometer adjustment module, wherein the detection beam and the laser are sequentially incident on the powder bed via the beam splitting module and the first galvanometer adjustment module, and the first galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed.

[0012] Optionally, the detection light source is a low-coherence light source.

[0013] Optionally, the detection component further includes a reference collimating lens, which is used to project the reference beam emitted from the coupler parallel to the reflection module.

[0014] Optionally, the reference collimating lens can be movably arranged on one side of the reflection module to adjust the distance between the reference collimating lens and the reflection module.

[0015] Optionally, the reflection module is a reflector or a reflective film.

[0016] Optionally, the laser processing assembly further includes a protective mirror and a collimating mirror, wherein the laser light is incident on the beam splitting module through the protective mirror and the collimating mirror in sequence.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-stage detection method for laser melting 3D printing, the laser melting 3D printing method being based on the laser melting 3D printing apparatus described in the first aspect, the laser melting 3D printing method comprising:

[0018] Based on the powder spraying module spreading powder on the powder bed, the second galvanometer adjustment module adjusts the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, thereby obtaining the surface data of the powder bed before welding through the beam analysis and control module, thereby controlling the powder spraying module to respread powder on the powder bed until the metal powder spread on the powder bed meets the processing requirements;

[0019] The incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial. The laser melting module is started, the laser melting 3D printing device is moved by the displacement module, and the welding parameters of the laser melting module are adjusted in real time after the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module.

[0020] After welding is completed, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, and the surface data of the powder bed after welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module, so as to review the welding effect.

[0021] The aforementioned improved technical features can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] In summary, the beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention compared with the prior art include:

[0023] In the multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device provided in this embodiment of the invention, during 3D printing, firstly, powder is spread on the powder bed by the powder spraying module. The incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module. The surface data of the powder bed before welding (including powder layer thickness, dust depressions or accumulation, etc.) is obtained by the beam analysis and control module, thereby controlling the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed until the metal powder on the powder bed meets the processing requirements. At this time, the entire laser melting 3D printing device does not need to move via the displacement module, and the laser melting module does not emit laser light. Since the area formed by the corresponding metal powder on the powder bed is small, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted only by the second galvanometer adjustment module, thereby enabling the detection beam to scan the powder bed and ultimately determine the surface data of the powder bed before welding. When the powder bed surface data does not meet the set requirements, the beam analysis and control module controls the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed, thereby ensuring the powder spreading effect of the powder bed before welding (if the set requirements are met, re-spreading powder is not necessary).

[0024] Next, the incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, ensuring that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial. The laser melting module is then activated, and the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module. The welding parameters of the laser melting module are adjusted in real time after acquiring the surface data of the powder bed before welding through the beam analysis and control module. During the welding process, as the displacement module moves the entire device along a set path, the detection beam and laser are coaxial. The detection beam and laser move synchronously, and the surface data of the powder bed (e.g., melt depth data) can be acquired in real time through the detection beam. This surface data is then used by the beam analysis and control module to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module (e.g., power), thus achieving real-time detection during the welding process.

[0025] Finally, after welding is completed, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module. The surface data of the powder bed after welding is then obtained by the beam analysis and control module. Similarly, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module alone. This allows the detection beam to scan the powder bed and determine the welding effect of the workpiece after welding. This enables the welding effect to be reviewed after welding (splashes, slag, or deformation during cooling can easily affect the welded position). This does not require damaging the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, greatly improving the detection efficiency.

[0026] In other words, the laser melting 3D printing device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can not only detect and adjust the powder bed spreading effect before welding, but also detect and adjust the surface data of the powder bed in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also review the welding effect after welding without damaging the workpiece or relying on high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically:

[0030] 1. Laser processing components; 11. Laser melting module; 12. First galvanometer adjustment module; 121. First X-ray galvanometer; 122. First Y-ray galvanometer; 123. Third motor; 124. Fourth motor; 13. Beam splitting module; 14. Powder bed; 15. Powder spraying module; 16. Protective mirror; 17. Collimating mirror; 2. Detection components; 21. Detection light source; 22. Coupler; 23. Reflection module; 24. Second galvanometer adjustment module; 241. Second X-ray galvanometer; 242. Second Y-ray galvanometer; 243. First motor; 244. Second motor; 245. Reflector; 25. Beam analysis and control module; 26. Reference collimating mirror; 3. First housing; 4. Second housing. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0033] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0034] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] Example:

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the laser melting 3D printing device includes a laser processing component 1 and a detection component 2.

[0038] The laser processing component 1 includes a laser melting module 11, a beam splitting module 13, a powder bed 14, and a powder spraying module 15. The laser melting module 11 is used to emit laser light, which is incident on the powder bed 14 through the beam splitting module 13. The powder spraying module 15 is used to spread powder on the powder bed 14.

[0039] The detection component 2 includes a detection light source 21, a coupler 22, a reflection module 23, a second galvanometer adjustment module 24, and a beam analysis and control module 25. The detection light source 21 is used to emit detection light. After entering the coupler 22, the detection light is split into a reference beam and a detection beam. The reference beam is emitted to the reflection module 23, which is used to reflect the reference beam back to the coupler 22. The detection beam is sequentially output to the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, the beam splitting module 13, and the powder bed 14. The detection beam reflected by the powder bed 14 returns to the beam splitting module 13 along the original path and is sequentially injected into the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 and the coupler 22. The reference beam reflected to the coupler 22 and the detection beam reflected to the coupler 22 are both injected into the beam analysis and control module 25. The beam analysis and control module 25 is electrically connected (communicationally connected) to the laser melting module 11 and the powder spraying module 15, respectively.

[0040] The second galvanometer adjustment module 24 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14. The beam analysis and control module 25 is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14, and feed the surface data of the powder bed 14 back to the powder spraying module 15 or the laser melting module 11 to control the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14 or to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11.

[0041] In the multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing device provided in this embodiment of the invention, during 3D printing, firstly, powder is spread on the powder bed 14 based on the powder spraying module 15. The incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24. Then, the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding (including powder layer thickness, dust depressions or accumulation, etc.) is obtained by the beam analysis and control module 25. This controls the powder spraying module 15 to respread powder on the powder bed 14 until the metal powder on the powder bed 14 meets the processing requirements. At this time, the entire laser melting 3D printing device does not need to be moved by the displacement module. The laser melting module 11 does not emit laser. Since the area formed by the corresponding metal powder on the powder bed 14 is small, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted only by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, thereby realizing the detection beam scanning of the powder bed 14 and finally determining the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding. When the surface data of the powder bed 14 does not meet the set requirements, the beam analysis and control module 25 controls the powder spraying module 15 to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14, thereby ensuring the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 before welding (if the set requirements are met, there is no need to re-spread powder).

[0042] Next, the incident position of the laser on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed 14 are coaxial. The laser melting module 11 is started, and the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device is controlled by the displacement module. The surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding is obtained by the beam analysis control module 25, and the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11 are adjusted in real time. During the welding process, when the displacement module moves the entire device along the set path, the detection beam is coaxial with the laser. The detection beam moves synchronously with the laser, and the surface data of the powder bed 14 (e.g., melt depth data) can be obtained in real time through the detection beam. The surface data of the powder bed 14 is obtained by the beam analysis control module 25 to adjust the welding parameters (e.g., power) of the laser melting module 11, thereby realizing real-time detection during the welding process.

[0043] Finally, after welding is completed, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, and the surface data of the powder bed 14 after welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module 25. Thus, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, so that the detection beam can scan the powder bed 14 to determine the welding effect of the workpiece after welding. This allows for the review of the welding effect after welding (splashes, slag, or deformation during cooling can easily affect the welded position), without damaging the workpiece or using high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.

[0044] In other words, the laser melting 3D printing device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can not only detect and adjust the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 before welding, but also detect and adjust the surface data of the powder bed 14 in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also review the welding effect after welding without damaging the workpiece or relying on high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.

[0045] For example, the laser melting module 11, the beam splitting module 13, the powder spraying module 15, and the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 are all mounted on the first housing 3, forming a whole. An interface is provided on one side of the first housing 3, through which the detection beam enters the first housing 3. The other structures are disposed on the second housing 4, forming another whole.

[0046] It should be noted that after receiving and processing the reference beam and the detection beam, the beam analysis and control module 25 calculates the data of each point by the path difference between the two beams, and integrates the data of each point under the control of the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 or the displacement module to obtain the surface data of the powder bed 14 (this processing and calculation method is a conventional technical means in this field and will not be described in detail here), and feeds the surface data of the powder bed 14 back to the powder spraying module 15 or the laser melting module 11.

[0047] For example, when the laser on the right passes through the beam splitter 13, it is reflected to the powder bed 14, while the detection light can pass directly through the beam splitter 13 after entering it from top to bottom or bottom to top.

[0048] This laser melting 3D printing device can directly acquire data of the weld pool during welding, with an accuracy of ±5μm.

[0049] For example, the coupler 22 has a first channel a, a second channel b, a third channel c and a fourth channel d, wherein the detection light enters the coupler 22 through the first channel a, the reference beam exits from the second channel b, and the detection beam exits from the third channel c. The reference beam reflected to the coupler 22 and the detection beam reflected to the coupler 22 are both injected into the beam analysis and control module 25 through the fourth channel d.

[0050] In this embodiment, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 includes a second X-mirror 241 and a second Y-mirror 242 arranged sequentially along the emission direction of the detection beam. The second X-mirror 241 is used to adjust the detection beam to deflect in the X direction, and the second Y-mirror 242 is used to adjust the detection beam to deflect in the Y direction.

[0051] In the above embodiment, by adjusting the laser with the second X-mirror 241 and the second Y-mirror 242 respectively, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 can be adjusted (that is, the plane position corresponding to the incident on the powder bed 14, including the X direction and the Y direction, is adjusted), so that the detection beam and the laser are coaxially incident on the powder bed 14.

[0052] Furthermore, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 also includes a first motor 243 and a second motor 244. The first motor 243 is drivenly connected to the second X galvanometer 241 to deflect the second X galvanometer 241 in the X direction. The second motor 244 is drivenly connected to the second Y galvanometer 242 to deflect the second Y galvanometer 242 in the Y direction. Thus, automatic adjustment is achieved through the first motor 243 and the second motor 244, thereby realizing automatic adjustment of the detection beam.

[0053] For example, the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 further includes a reflector 245 for reflecting the detection beam emitted from the second Y galvanometer 242 to the beam splitter module 13.

[0054] For example, the detection light source 21 is a low-coherence light source, which can effectively reduce interference such as electromagnetic radiation and spatter from the molten pool, and improve the stability of the measurement during continuous welding.

[0055] In this embodiment, the detection component 2 is configured to adjust the detection beam through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 when the beam analysis and control module fails to receive the detection beam, so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are spaced apart in the direction of the laser welding trajectory.

[0056] It's easy to understand that during the welding process, laser spatter and weld slag can interfere with the detection beam, preventing the beam analysis and control module from receiving the reflected beam. However, by adjusting the detection beam using the second galvanometer adjustment module, the displacement module moves the entire device along a set path. This adjustment, along with the laser beam's spacing, allows for real-time acquisition of powder bed surface data at the welded position. This significantly reduces interference from spatter and weld slag, ensuring the beam analysis and control module receives the reflected beam and obtains the powder bed surface data to adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module, thus achieving real-time detection during the welding process.

[0057] In other words, by controlling the detection beam and laser interval (with a small interval, such as 5-10mm) during the welding process, the device can be maintained under abnormal conditions, thus improving detection reliability.

[0058] In one implementation of this embodiment, the laser processing component further includes a first galvanometer adjustment module 12. The detection beam and the laser are sequentially incident on the powder bed 14 through the beam splitting module and the first galvanometer adjustment module 12. The first galvanometer adjustment module 12 is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed 14.

[0059] In the above embodiment, the first galvanometer adjustment module 12 can achieve small-range disturbance of the laser and detection beam, thereby increasing the adjustment range of the laser.

[0060] In addition, the first galvanometer adjustment module 12 includes a first X-galvanometer 121 and a first Y-galvanometer 122. The first X-galvanometer 121 is used to adjust the deflection of the laser and detection beams in the X direction, and the first Y-galvanometer 122 is used to adjust the deflection of the laser and detection beams in the Y direction. The first X-galvanometer 121 can be driven and adjusted by a third motor 123, and the first Y-galvanometer 122 can be driven and adjusted by a fourth motor 124.

[0061] See also Figure 1The detection component 2 also includes a reference collimating lens 26, which is used to project the reference beam emitted from the coupler 22 into the reflection module 23 in parallel. A parallel reference beam can be formed through the reference collimating lens 26.

[0062] Furthermore, the reference collimating lens 26 is movably arranged on one side of the reflection module 23 to adjust the distance between the reference collimating lens 26 and the reflection module 23. By adjusting its position relative to the reflection module 23, the reference collimating lens 26 can adapt to different detection objects, thereby increasing the applicability of this device.

[0063] For example, the reflection module 23 is a reflector or a reflective film.

[0064] It should be noted that the reflection module 23 can also be other reflection structures, and the present invention does not limit this.

[0065] For example, the laser processing assembly also includes a protective mirror 16 and a collimating mirror 17. The laser beam is incident into the beam splitting module 13 through the protective mirror 16 and the collimating mirror 17 in sequence. The protective mirror 16 can prevent spatter and slag generated during welding from contaminating the laser melting module 11.

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 As shown, this laser melting 3D printing method is based on the aforementioned laser melting 3D printing apparatus, and includes:

[0067] S1. Based on the powder spraying module 15, powder is spread on the powder bed 14. The incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24. The surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module 25. The powder spraying module 15 is then controlled to re-spread powder on the powder bed 14 until the metal powder spread on the powder bed 14 meets the processing requirements.

[0068] S2. Adjust the incident position of the laser on the powder bed 14 through the second galvanometer adjustment module 24 so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial. Start the laser melting module 11, control the movement of the laser melting 3D printing device through the displacement module, and adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module 11 in real time after obtaining the surface data of the powder bed 14 before welding through the beam analysis and control module 25.

[0069] S3. After welding is completed, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed 14 is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module 24, and the surface data of the powder bed 14 after welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module 25, so as to review the welding effect.

[0070] The present invention provides a multi-stage detection method for laser melting 3D printing, which can not only detect and adjust the powder spreading effect of the powder bed 14 before welding, but also detect and adjust the surface data of the powder bed 14 in real time during the welding process. At the same time, it can also re-inspect the welding effect after welding without damaging the workpiece or relying on high-precision instruments, which greatly improves the detection efficiency.

[0071] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage inspection laser melting 3D printing device, characterized in that, The laser melting 3D printing device includes a laser processing component and a detection component; The laser processing assembly includes a laser melting module, a beam splitting module, a powder bed, and a powder spraying module. The laser melting module is used to emit laser light, which is incident on the powder bed via the beam splitting module. The powder spraying module is used to spread powder on the powder bed. The detection assembly includes a detection light source, a coupler, a reflection module, a second galvanometer adjustment module, and a beam analysis and control module. The detection light source emits detection light, which is split into a reference beam and a detection beam after entering the coupler. The reference beam is emitted to the reflection module, which reflects the reference beam back to the coupler. The detection beam is sequentially output to the second galvanometer adjustment module, the beam splitting module, and the powder bed. The detection beam reflected by the powder bed returns along its original path to the beam splitting module and is sequentially injected into the second galvanometer adjustment module and the coupler. Both the reference beam and the detection beam reflected to the coupler are injected into the beam analysis and control module, which is electrically connected to the laser melting module and the powder spraying module, respectively. The second galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, and the beam analysis and control module is used to receive and process the reference beam and the detection beam to obtain the surface data of the powder bed, and feed the surface data of the powder bed back to the powder spraying module or the laser melting module to control the powder spraying module to re-spread powder on the powder bed or adjust the welding parameters of the laser melting module. The second galvanometer adjustment module includes a second X galvanometer and a second Y galvanometer arranged sequentially along the emission direction of the detection beam. The second X galvanometer is used to adjust the detection beam to deflect in the X direction, and the second Y galvanometer is used to adjust the detection beam to deflect in the Y direction. The laser processing assembly further includes a first galvanometer adjustment module. The detection beam and the laser are sequentially incident on the powder bed through the beam splitting module and the first galvanometer adjustment module. The first galvanometer adjustment module is used to adjust the incident position of the detection beam and the laser on the powder bed.

2. The laser melting 3D printing device with multi-stage detection capability according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component is configured such that when the beam analysis and control module fails to receive the detection beam, the detection beam is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are spaced apart in the laser welding trajectory direction.

3. The laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection light source is a low-coherence light source.

4. The laser melting 3D printing device with multi-stage detection capability according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection component also includes a reference collimating lens, which is used to project the reference beam emitted from the coupler parallel to the reflection module.

5. The laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reference collimating lens is movably arranged on one side of the reflection module to adjust the distance between the reference collimating lens and the reflection module.

6. The laser melting 3D printing device capable of multi-stage detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflection module is a reflector or a reflective film.

7. A multi-stage detection laser melting 3D printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The laser processing assembly also includes a protective mirror and a collimating mirror, and the laser beam is incident on the beam splitting module through the protective mirror and the collimating mirror in sequence.

8. A multi-stage detection method for laser melting 3D printing, characterized in that, The laser melting 3D printing method is based on the laser melting 3D printing apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, and the laser melting 3D printing method includes: Based on the powder spraying module spreading powder on the powder bed, the second galvanometer adjustment module adjusts the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed, thereby obtaining the surface data of the powder bed before welding through the beam analysis and control module, thereby controlling the powder spraying module to respread powder on the powder bed until the metal powder spread on the powder bed meets the processing requirements; The incident position of the laser on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module so that the incident positions of the laser and the detection beam on the powder bed are coaxial. The laser melting module is started, the laser melting 3D printing device is moved by the displacement module, and the welding parameters of the laser melting module are adjusted in real time after the surface data of the powder bed before welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module. After welding is completed, the incident position of the detection beam on the powder bed is adjusted by the second galvanometer adjustment module, and the surface data of the powder bed after welding is obtained by the beam analysis and control module, so as to review the welding effect.

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