A tunnel drilling and spraying integrated machine

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction and discloses a tunnel drilling and shotcreting integrated machine, comprising: a tunnel boring machine (TBM) for drilling and cutting tunnels; a shotcreting machine adjustablely mounted on the TBM for spraying concrete onto the tunnel inner wall after drilling and support; and a smoothing unit mounted on the connector of the shotcreting machine for smoothing the shotcreting concrete onto the tunnel inner wall. This invention, through the innovative combination of TBM vibration, shotcreting machine, and integrated smoothing unit, overcomes the limitations of traditional tunnel construction equipment, achieving efficient, high-quality, and low-cost tunnel lining construction. It enables continuous construction of rock drilling and shotcreting operations, resulting in a high degree of mechanization, reduced labor intensity for workers, improved construction efficiency, and guaranteed operational safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, specifically to a tunnel drilling and spraying integrated machine. Background Technology

[0002] When tunnels are constructed using the mining method, temporary support structures need to be built at the excavation section as early as possible to reduce deformation of the surrounding rock and ensure construction safety. The general construction process involves excavation followed by shotcrete support.

[0003] The existing equipment has the following disadvantages: the existing tunnel boring machine is separated from the concrete spraying. During the tunnel construction process, after the tunnel boring machine has finished chiseling the inner wall of the tunnel, it needs to retreat a certain distance to provide working space for the concrete spraying device. The conversion process requires the withdrawal and entry of mechanical equipment. In addition, the sprayed concrete surface is uneven, and the concrete surface needs to be leveled afterward. This makes the tunnel construction process complicated, the construction period is long, and it affects the efficiency of tunnel construction.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a tunnel drilling and spraying integrated machine to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel drilling and spraying integrated machine to solve the problems of complex procedures and long construction periods in tunnel construction, which affect the efficiency of tunnel construction operations.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel drilling and shotcreting integrated machine, comprising:

[0007] Tunnel boring machines are used to cut and excavate tunnels;

[0008] A concrete spraying machine, adjustable and mounted on the tunneling machine, is used to spray concrete onto the tunnel wall after it has been cut and supported.

[0009] A smoothing unit, installed on the connector of the concrete spraying machine, is used to smooth the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel.

[0010] The concrete spraying machine includes:

[0011] The chassis is rotated and mounted on the tunneling machine;

[0012] The robotic arm is adjustablely mounted on the rotating chassis;

[0013] The nozzle, located on the connector and connected to the concrete conveying device via a delivery pipe, is used to spray concrete onto the inner wall of the tunnel after the support has been completed.

[0014] The smoothing unit includes:

[0015] A fixing seat is provided on the connector head;

[0016] The mounting bracket is located on the side of the fixing base away from the connector;

[0017] The power component is mounted on the mounting bracket;

[0018] A mounting bracket is disposed on the side of the power component away from the mounting bracket;

[0019] A vibratory rod, positioned on the side of the fixed frame away from the power unit, is used to vibrate the concrete sprayed onto the tunnel wall.

[0020] The smoothing unit further includes:

[0021] An extrusion assembly, located on the side of the fixed frame away from the power unit, is used to flatten the concrete sprayed onto the tunnel wall.

[0022] The extrusion assembly includes:

[0023] The motor is mounted on the side plates on both sides of the fixed frame;

[0024] A rotating shaft is located at the power output end of the motor and passes through the side plate;

[0025] A pressing roller, positioned on the rotating shaft and between the two side plates, is used to flatten the concrete sprayed onto the tunnel wall.

[0026] The extrusion assembly further includes:

[0027] A cleaning mechanism, mounted on the side plate and connected to the pressing roller, is used to clean the concrete residue on the support frame;

[0028] A transmission mechanism is disposed on the side plate and connected to the cleaning mechanism;

[0029] A centering plate, mounted on the transmission mechanism, is used to center the concrete sprayed onto the tunnel wall toward one side of the pressing roller.

[0030] The cleaning mechanism includes:

[0031] The first wedge-shaped blocks are disposed on both sides of the pressing roller near the side plate;

[0032] A movable rod is provided with a second wedge block on the side plate and near the pressing roller;

[0033] A scraper, located on the side of the moving rod away from the pressing roller, is used to clean the concrete residue on the support frame.

[0034] The portion of the movable rod located between the second wedge block and the side plate is fitted with an elastic element;

[0035] The second wedge block is provided with a protective ring for protecting the elastic element;

[0036] The protective ring consists of two symmetrically arranged semi-circular arc-shaped structures that pass through slots in the side plate.

[0037] The transmission mechanism includes:

[0038] The mounting box is located on the side plate;

[0039] The first rack is mounted on the moving rod and passes through the moving slot opened on the mounting box;

[0040] The connecting shaft is located inside the mounting box;

[0041] An incomplete gear is fixed on the connecting shaft and meshes with the first rack.

[0042] The second rack is disposed inside the mounting box and meshes with the incomplete gear, with one side extending out of the mounting box and fixedly connected to the center plate.

[0043] The mounting box is equipped with a slide rail inside, and a limiting block that is slidably connected inside the slide rail is provided on the side where the second rack is connected to the slide rail.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] 1. This invention breaks through the limitations of traditional tunnel construction equipment by innovatively combining a tunnel boring machine vibrator, a concrete spraying machine, and an integrated smoothing unit. It achieves efficient, high-quality, and low-cost tunnel lining construction, enables continuous construction of rock drilling and concrete spraying operations, has a high degree of mechanization, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves construction efficiency, and ensures operational safety.

[0046] 2. During the rotation of the pressing roller, the present invention drives the cleaning mechanism to move, which scrapes away excess concrete from the support frame. During the movement of the cleaning mechanism, the centering plate is driven to move through the transmission mechanism. The centering plate pushes the concrete sprayed on the side of the support frame closer to the pressing roller, which makes the concrete more evenly distributed at the front end of the pressing roller. This avoids the problem of over- or under-flattening in some areas due to uneven concrete distribution, thereby improving the overall quality of concrete flattening and making the concrete layer of the tunnel inner wall smoother. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the main structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a concrete spraying machine according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a concrete spraying machine with a smoothing unit installed in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the smoothing unit in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connector structure in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the pressing component and the vibrating rod in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This is a front view of the pressing component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 9 This is a side view of the pressing component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the pressing component in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressing component exploding in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the transmission mechanism in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 15 for Figure 14 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle.

[0062] In the diagram: 1. Tunneling machine; 2. Concrete spraying machine; 21. Rotating chassis; 22. Mechanical arm; 221. Connector; 23. Nozzle; 24. Conveying pipe; 25. Smoothing unit; 251. Mounting base; 252. Mounting frame; 253. Power component; 254. Mounting frame; 2541. Side plate; 254101. Through groove; 255. Vibrator; 256. Pressing assembly; 2561. Motor; 2562. Rotating shaft; 2563. Pressing roller; 2564. Cleaning mechanism; 25 641. First wedge block; 25642. Second wedge block; 25643. Moving rod; 25644. Scraper; 25645. Protective ring; 25646. Elastic element; 2565. Transmission mechanism; 25651. Mounting box; 2565101. Moving groove; 25652. First rack; 25653. Connecting shaft; 25654. Incomplete gear; 25655. Second rack; 256551. Limiting block; 256552. Slide rail; 2566. Centering plate. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] Please see Figure 1-15 The present invention provides a technical solution: a tunnel drilling and spraying integrated machine, comprising: a tunneling machine 1, used for drilling and cutting the tunnel; a concrete spraying machine 2, adjustablely mounted on the tunneling machine 1 for spraying concrete onto the tunnel inner wall after drilling and support; and a smoothing unit 25, mounted on the connector 221 on the concrete spraying machine 2 for smoothing the concrete sprayed on the tunnel inner wall.

[0065] It should be noted that during operation, the concrete spraying machine 2 is combined with the tunneling machine 1. After the tunneling machine 1 completes its excavation, the concrete spraying machine 2 on the tunneling machine 1 is used to spray the initial support concrete on the excavation face. After the concrete is sprayed onto the inner wall of the tunnel, the smoothing unit 25 can simultaneously smooth the surface of the concrete. After the concrete spraying on the initially supported frame, during the concrete strengthening waiting time, the tunneling machine 1 chiseles the inner wall of the next section of the tunnel and uses a trolley to assemble the frame. This method reduces the need for the tunneling machine 1 to retreat to clear the spraying and anchoring working face, reduces the process transition time, and also allows for mechanized operation of the concrete spraying machine 2. After spraying, the surface of the poured concrete is smoothed by the smoothing unit 25. This not only reduces the need for subsequent leveling of the concrete wall, but also reduces the potential harm to the human body caused by factors such as exposed excavation face and concrete particles during spraying. This device, through the innovative combination of the tunneling machine 1 (vibrator), the concrete spraying machine 2, and the integrated smoothing unit 25, breaks through the limitations of traditional tunnel construction equipment, realizes efficient, high-quality, and low-cost tunnel lining construction, enables continuous construction of rock drilling and concrete spraying operations, has a high degree of mechanization, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves construction efficiency, and ensures operational safety.

[0066] In one embodiment, the concrete spraying machine 2 includes: a rotating chassis 21 mounted on the tunneling machine 1; a robotic arm 22 adjustablely mounted on the rotating chassis 21; and a nozzle 23 mounted on a connector 221 and connected to a concrete conveying device via a conveying pipe 24, for spraying concrete onto the supported inner wall of the tunnel.

[0067] This design is for reference. Figure 1-5 Rotating the chassis 21 allows the robotic arm 22 to rotate horizontally, covering the entire tunnel cross-section. This eliminates the need for frequent movement of the tunnel boring machine 1 to adjust the spraying area, adapting to changes in tunnel shape under complex geological conditions and significantly reducing equipment repositioning time. The robotic arm 22 has multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment functions (such as pitch, swing, and extension), precisely controlling the distance and angle between the nozzle 23 and the tunnel wall to achieve uniform concrete distribution and reduce missed or repeated spraying. The nozzle 23 is directly connected to the concrete conveying device via a delivery pipe 24, which features a flexible design and moves with the robotic arm 22. The system is dynamically adjusted to avoid tangling or breakage, ensuring a continuous and stable supply of concrete, reducing construction stoppages caused by material supply interruptions, and improving the overall continuity of operations. The delivery pipe 24 uses a delivery pump to evenly deliver concrete from the concrete delivery device to the nozzle 23, and then sprays it from the nozzle 23 onto the frame on the inner wall of the tunnel. The smoothing unit 25 is located behind the nozzle 23 in the direction of movement and can move along with the nozzle 23 to smooth the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel, realizing an integrated "spraying-smoothing" operation. There is no need for subsequent leveling of the solidified concrete, which significantly improves construction efficiency.

[0068] In one embodiment, the smoothing unit 25 includes: a fixed base 251 disposed on the connector 221; a mounting frame 252 disposed on the side of the fixed base 251 away from the connector 221; a power component 253 disposed on the mounting frame 252; a fixed frame 254 disposed on the side of the power component 253 away from the mounting frame 252; and a vibrating rod 255 disposed on the side of the fixed frame 254 away from the power component 253 for vibrating the concrete sprayed on the tunnel inner wall. The power component 253 includes, but is not limited to, a hydraulic cylinder, a linear guide rail, an electric push rod, and a pneumatic cylinder.

[0069] This design is for reference. Figure 3-15 The power unit 253 drives the fixed frame 254 to move closer to the concrete wall, and causes the vibrator 255 to extend into the concrete. When the concrete spraying machine 2 sprays concrete, the connector 221 will vibrate, which in turn drives the vibrator 255 to penetrate into the concrete and vibrate it. This can reduce air bubbles in the concrete and perform preliminary leveling of the concrete surface, making the concrete surface more uniform.

[0070] In one embodiment, the smoothing unit 25 further includes a pressing component 256 disposed on the side of the fixing frame 254 away from the power component 253, for pressing the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel flat.

[0071] This design is for reference. Figure 4 The extrusion component 256 is located on the side of the vibrator 255 away from the nozzle 23. It can further extrude the concrete surface after vibration, expel air and excess moisture in the concrete, make the concrete denser, effectively eliminate unevenness on the concrete surface, and make the concrete layer of the tunnel inner wall reach a high flatness standard, thus meeting the requirements of tunnel engineering for the quality of the inner wall.

[0072] In one embodiment, the extrusion assembly 256 includes: a motor 2561, disposed on the side plates 2541 on both sides of the fixing frame 254; a rotating shaft 2562, disposed on the power output end of the motor 2561 and passing through the side plates 2541; and a pressing roller 2563, disposed on the rotating shaft 2562 and located between the two side plates 2541, for pressing the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel flat.

[0073] This design is for reference. Figure 6-15 The pressing roller 2563, driven by the power component 253, contacts the surface of the concrete and rotates under the drive of the motor 2561, uniformly flattening the surface of the concrete, which greatly improves the efficiency and effect of the flattening operation and shortens the construction time.

[0074] In one embodiment, the extrusion assembly 256 further includes: a cleaning mechanism 2564, disposed on the side plate 2541 and connected to the pressing roller 2563, for cleaning concrete residue on the support frame; a transmission mechanism 2565, disposed on the side plate 2541 and connected to the cleaning mechanism 2564; and a centering plate 2566, disposed on the transmission mechanism 2565, for centering the concrete sprayed on the tunnel inner wall toward one side of the pressing roller 2563.

[0075] This design is for reference. Figure 6-15 During the rotation of the pressing roller 2563, the cleaning mechanism 2564 is driven to move, causing the cleaning frame to scrape off excess concrete from the support frame. During the movement of the cleaning mechanism 2564, the centering plate 2566 is driven to move through the transmission mechanism 2565. The centering plate 2566 pushes the concrete sprayed on the side of the support frame closer to the pressing roller 2563, which can make the concrete more evenly distributed at the front end of the pressing roller 2563. This avoids the problem of excessive or insufficient flattening in some areas due to uneven concrete distribution, thereby improving the overall quality of concrete flattening and making the concrete layer of the tunnel inner wall smoother.

[0076] In one embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 2564 includes: a first wedge block 25641 disposed on both sides of the pressing roller 2563 near the side plate 2541; a moving rod 25643 passing through the side plate 2541 and having a second wedge block 25642 disposed on the side near the pressing roller 2563; and a scraper 25644 disposed on the side of the moving rod 25643 away from the pressing roller 2563 for cleaning concrete residue on the support frame.

[0077] This design is for reference. Figure 10 ,as well as Figure 14 During the rotation of the pressing roller 2563, the first wedge block 25641 is driven to rotate. When the first wedge block 25641 moves to one side of the second wedge block 25642, it contacts the second wedge block 25642 and squeezes the second wedge block 25642, causing the second wedge block 25642 to move away from the pressing roller 2563. Then, it moves on the side plate 2541 through the moving rod 25643, thereby causing the scraper 25644 to clean the concrete remaining on the surface of the support frame, eliminating the need for subsequent cleaning of the solidified concrete wall surface.

[0078] In one embodiment, the portion of the moving rod 25643 located between the second wedge block 25642 and the side plate 2541 is fitted with an elastic element 25646; the second wedge block 25642 is provided with a protective ring 25645 for protecting the elastic element 25646; the protective ring 25645 is two symmetrically arranged semi-circular arc structures and passes through the slots 254101 opened on the side plate 2541; the elastic element 25646 is made of a spring or elastic pad to be damped.

[0079] This design is for reference. Figure 11 ,as well as Figure 14 When the first wedge block 25641 squeezes the second wedge block 25642, the second wedge block 25642 squeezes the elastic element 25646. After the first wedge block 25641 and the second wedge block 25642 separate, the elastic element 25646, with its own elastic restoring force, can quickly push the moving rod 25643 back to its initial position, realizing the automatic reset of the moving rod 25643 and preparing for the next cleaning action. The protective ring 25645 is a symmetrical semi-circular arc structure that can be tightly fitted on the outside of the elastic element 25646, providing all-round protection for the elastic element 25646. In the tunnel construction environment, there are a large amount of concrete dust, debris and other impurities. The protective ring 25645 can prevent these impurities from entering the interior of the elastic element 25646, avoiding wear, corrosion or jamming caused by impurities, thereby extending the service life of the elastic element 25646.

[0080] In one embodiment, the transmission mechanism 2565 includes: a mounting box 25651 disposed on a side plate 2541; a first rack 25652 disposed on a moving rod 25643 and passing through a moving groove 2565101 opened in the mounting box 25651; a connecting shaft 25653 disposed inside the mounting box 25651; an incomplete gear 25654 fixed on the connecting shaft 25653 and meshing with the first rack 25652; and a second rack 25655 disposed inside the mounting box 25651 and meshing with the incomplete gear 25654, with one side extending out of the mounting box 25651 and fixedly connected to a centering plate 2566.

[0081] This design is for reference. Figure 12 ,as well as Figure 13When the moving rod 25643 moves linearly back and forth away from the pressing roller 2563 under the push of the first wedge block 25641, it drives the first rack 25652 to move synchronously in the moving groove 2565101 of the mounting box 25651. Since the first rack 25652 is meshed with the incomplete gear 25654, during the translation of the first rack 25652, it will drive the incomplete gear 25654 to rotate on the connecting shaft 25653, which in turn causes the second rack 25655 to move under the action of the incomplete gear 25654. The second rack 25655 drives the center plate 2566 to move closer to the pressing roller 2563, pushing the concrete dispersed on both sides of the pressing roller 2563 to the front end of the pressing roller 2563, and then being pressed into the support frame by the extrusion of the pressing roller 2563.

[0082] In one embodiment, a slide rail 256552 is provided inside the mounting box 25651, and a limiting block 256551 that is slidably connected inside the slide rail 256552 is provided on the side where the second rack 25655 is connected to the slide rail 256552.

[0083] This design is for reference. Figure 13 The slide rail 256552 provides a precise movement track for the second rack 25655. The second rack 25655 is slidably connected to the slide rail 256552 through the limiting block 256551, so that the second rack 25655 can only move along the straight line direction specified by the slide rail 256552, avoiding the second rack 25655 from deviating, shaking or twisting, thus ensuring the accuracy and stability of the linear movement of the second rack 25655. This, in turn, ensures that the centering plate 2566, which is fixedly connected to the second rack 25655, can move in the predetermined direction, improving the accuracy of the concrete centering operation.

[0084] Furthermore, if the embodiments involve descriptions such as "first," "second," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relation to the specification. The significance or implied number of the indicated technical features is not specified. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features.

Claims

1. A tunneling and spraying integrated machine, characterized in that, include: Tunnel boring machine (1), used for cutting tunnels; A concrete spraying machine (2) is adjustablely mounted on the tunnel boring machine (1) for spraying concrete onto the tunnel wall after it has been cut and supported. The nozzle (23), mounted on the connector (221) and connected to the concrete conveying device via the delivery pipe (24), is used to spray concrete onto the tunnel inner wall after the support has been completed. A smoothing unit (25) is installed on the connector (221) of the concrete spraying machine (2) for smoothing the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel; The smoothing unit (25) includes: A fixing base (251) is provided on the connector (221); Mounting bracket (252) is disposed on the side of the fixing base (251) away from the connector (221); The power unit (253) is mounted on the mounting frame (252). The power unit 253 drives the fixed frame 254 to move closer to the concrete wall and causes the vibrator 255 to extend into the concrete. A mounting bracket (254) is disposed on the side of the power component (253) away from the mounting bracket (252); A vibrating rod (255) is provided on the side of the fixed frame (254) away from the power member (253) for vibrating the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The smoothing unit (25) also includes: The extrusion assembly (256), located on the side of the fixed frame (254) away from the power member (253), is used to flatten the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel. The extrusion assembly (256) includes: The motor (2561) is mounted on the side plates (2541) on both sides of the fixed frame (254); A rotating shaft (2562) is disposed at the power output end of the motor (2561) and passes through the side plate (2541); The pressing roller (2563) is mounted on the rotating shaft (2562) and located between the two side plates (2541) for pressing the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel flat. The extrusion assembly (256) further includes: A cleaning mechanism (2564), disposed on the side plate (2541) and connected to the pressing roller (2563), is used to clean the concrete residue on the support frame; A transmission mechanism (2565) is disposed on the side plate (2541) and connected to the cleaning mechanism (2564); A centering plate (2566) is provided on the transmission mechanism (2565) for centering the concrete sprayed on the inner wall of the tunnel toward one side of the pressing roller (2563); The cleaning mechanism (2564) includes: The first wedge block (25641) is disposed on both sides of the pressing roller (2563) near the side plate (2541); A movable rod (25643) is mounted on the side plate (2541) and a second wedge block (25642) is provided on the side near the pressing roller (2563). When the first wedge block 25641 moves to the side of the second wedge block 25642, it contacts the second wedge block 25642 and squeezes the second wedge block 25642, causing the second wedge block 25642 to move away from the pressing roller 2563. A scraper (25644) is disposed on the side of the moving rod (25643) away from the pressing roller (2563) for cleaning concrete residue on the support frame; The portion of the movable rod (25643) located between the second wedge block (25642) and the side plate (2541) is fitted with an elastic element (25646). The second wedge block (25642) is provided with a protective ring (25645) for protecting the elastic member (25646). The protective ring (25645) consists of two symmetrically arranged semi-circular arc-shaped structures that pass through the slot (254101) on the side plate (2541); The transmission mechanism (2565) includes: Mounting box (25651) is provided on the side plate (2541); The first rack (25652) is disposed on the moving rod (25643) and passes through the moving groove (2565101) opened on the mounting box (25651); The connecting shaft (25653) is disposed inside the mounting box (25651); An incomplete gear (25654) is fixed on the connecting shaft (25653) and meshes with the first rack (25652); The second rack (25655) is disposed inside the mounting box (25651) and meshes with the incomplete gear (25654), and one side extends out of the mounting box (25651) and is fixedly connected to the centering plate (2566).

2. The tunneling and spraying integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concrete spraying machine (2) includes: Rotate the chassis (21) and mount it on the tunneling machine (1); The robotic arm (22) is adjustablely mounted on the rotating chassis (21).

3. The tunneling and spraying integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting box (25651) is provided with a slide rail (256552) inside. The second rack (25655) is provided with a limiting block (256551) that is slidably connected inside the slide rail (256552) on the side where it is connected to the slide rail (256552).

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