Multifunctional high-precision grinder headstock static pressure spindle structure

Abstract

The application discloses a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock static pressure spindle structure, which comprises a headstock base, a headstock shell installed on the upper portion of the headstock base, a bearing system, a hydraulic system, a throttler system, a drive mechanism and a mode switching device.The bearing system comprises a front bearing system, a rear bearing system and a spindle, and the spindle passes through the front bearing system and the rear bearing system.The hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic station and a hydraulic pipeline.The throttler system comprises a gap throttler and a throttler flushing device.The front bearing system and the rear bearing system are coaxially arranged, and are internally provided with a static pressure oil cavity and a positioning cone surface.The drive mechanism comprises a driving component and a transmission component.The mode switching device is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system.The headstock spindle can be switched to a fixed mode and a rotating mode at will, and the requirement of various application scenarios can be met.The headstock spindle has extremely high rotation accuracy and stability in the rotating mode, and the headstock spindle can be stable and immovable and positioning is reliable in the fixed mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of grinding equipment technology, and in particular to a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision grinding, the headstock, as a key functional component of cylindrical grinding machines, directly affects machining accuracy and stability. Traditional grinding machine headstock spindles often employ ordinary sliding bearings or rolling bearings. Ordinary sliding bearings are prone to wear, and after long-term use, the spindle rotation accuracy is difficult to guarantee. For precision grinding of high-precision components such as optical lenses, aero-engine rotors, and hydraulic parts, they cannot meet sub-micron or even higher precision requirements. While rolling bearings are compact, maintenance-free, and can operate at high speeds, their rotation accuracy is still insufficient for ultra-precision grinding. Furthermore, the traditional headstock design has deficiencies in thermal stability. During prolonged continuous machining, the heat generated by the spindle cannot be effectively dissipated in time, leading to thermal deformation of the spindle and headstock components, thus affecting machining accuracy.

[0003] In the past, European and American countries had used hydrostatic shaft systems to solve the above problems. However, due to their overly complex structure and high manufacturing costs, and the throttle valves used with them being susceptible to pipeline contamination, hydrostatic bearings could fail due to throttle valve blockage, leading to malfunctions. Furthermore, headstock spindle structures using hydrostatic shaft systems struggle to meet the requirements of both stationary and high-precision rotating headstock spindle applications. This results in grinding machine headstocks with hydrostatic structures being not only structurally complex and prone to failure, making them difficult to promote, but also unable to meet the needs of both stationary and high-precision rotating headstock applications.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical issues, this invention provides a multifunctional, high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multifunctional, high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure, comprising:

[0007] A headframe base, wherein a headframe housing is mounted on the upper part of the headframe base;

[0008] The bearing system includes a front bearing system, a rear bearing system, and a main shaft. The front bearing system and the rear bearing system are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end of the headstock housing, and the main shaft passes through the front bearing system and the rear bearing system.

[0009] The hydraulic system includes a hydraulic power unit and hydraulic pipelines;

[0010] The throttle system includes a slit throttle and a throttle flushing device. The throttle flushing device is disposed inside the headstock housing, between the front bearing system and the rear bearing system, and is passed through by the main shaft. It is used to flush out any blockages in the slit throttle. The front bearing system and the rear bearing system are coaxially arranged and are provided with a hydrostatic oil chamber. The inner wall of the hydrostatic oil chamber is provided with an oil passage hole. The slit throttle communicates with the oil passage hole. The pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station is connected to the slit throttle through the hydraulic pipeline.

[0011] The drive mechanism includes a drive component and a transmission component. The drive component is mounted on the head frame housing, and the transmission component is mounted on the front bearing system. The transmission component and the drive component are in a transmission engagement.

[0012] A mode switching device is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system and is used to switch the spindle to a fixed state or a rotating state.

[0013] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the front bearing system includes:

[0014] The front connector body is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole at the front end of the headstock housing, and the mounting hole at the front end of the headstock housing is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface at the left end of the front connector body. The headstock housing and the front connector body are fixed together by screws. The main shaft passes through the front connector body. The inner hole of the front connector body is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the main shaft are respectively provided with positioning short conical surfaces. The conical surfaces of the front connector body are the same as the front conical surfaces of the main shaft, and can fit together completely.

[0015] The inner wall of the front connector body is provided with several sets of static pressure oil chambers at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The oil passage is opened on the inner wall of the static pressure oil chamber. An oil unloading groove is provided between adjacent static pressure oil chambers. One end of the oil unloading groove is connected to the oil return passage of the inner cavity of the head frame housing. Two sets of oil return holes I are opened on the front connector body.

[0016] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the rear bearing system includes:

[0017] The rear connector body is coaxially arranged with the rear mounting hole of the head frame housing, and the rear mounting hole of the head frame housing is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface of the right end of the rear connector body. The head frame housing and the rear connector body are fixed by screws, and the inner hole of the rear connector body is a cylindrical structure.

[0018] The inner diameter of the rear connector body is the same as that of the inner diameter of the front connector body and they are coaxial.

[0019] A rear hydrostatic bearing is coaxially mounted within the inner bore of the rear connector body, and is interference-fitted with the inner bore of the rear connector body. The inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing has a tapered bore structure. A tapered outer circle, matching the shape of the inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing, is machined on the end of the spindle away from the workpiece, precisely fitting the inner tapered bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing. Both have identical shapes and a wide contact surface. On the one hand, when the headstock spindle is fixed, this fit provides reliable support and positioning accuracy; on the other hand, when the headstock spindle rotates, a uniform oil film gap is formed between the tapered bore and the tapered outer circle, ensuring rotational accuracy and support rigidity.

[0020] The inner wall of the rear hydrostatic bearing is provided with a plurality of sets of hydrostatic oil chambers, and the oil passage hole is opened on the inner wall of the oil chamber of the rear connector body and the rear hydrostatic bearing. The oil passage hole on the rear connector body and the oil passage hole on the rear hydrostatic bearing are arranged coaxially, and the hydrostatic oil chamber is connected to the oil passage hole.

[0021] The outer walls of the rear connector body and the front connector body are respectively provided with annular oil grooves. The slit throttles are distributed in the annular oil grooves. The pressurized oil is distributed to the vicinity of the slit throttles through the annular oil grooves respectively provided on the outer walls of the rear connector body and the front connector body. It is then distributed into the oil passage through several slit throttles and enters the static pressure oil chamber from the oil passage. An oil discharge groove is provided between any adjacent static pressure oil chambers for the pressurized oil to return to the inner cavity of the head frame housing. The rear static pressure bearing is provided with an oil return hole II.

[0022] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the hydraulic pipeline includes:

[0023] A tee is installed on the head frame housing, and the output end of the hydraulic station is connected to the inlet end of the tee;

[0024] The high-pressure pipeline is provided in two sets. The inner wall of the head frame housing is provided with a pressure oil channel. The pressure oil channel is connected to the annular oil groove on the front connector body and the annular oil groove on the rear connector body respectively. The high-pressure pipeline is connected to the two sets of pressure oil channels respectively.

[0025] The oil return pipe has an oil return hole at the bottom of the inner cavity of the head frame housing, and the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole and the hydraulic station.

[0026] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the driving component includes:

[0027] A drive motor, which is fixed to the head frame housing;

[0028] A drive pulley is fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor.

[0029] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the transmission component includes:

[0030] A rolling bearing, which is fixed to the outer wall of the front connector body;

[0031] The driven pulley is fixed above the outer wall of the bearing, and the driven pulley and the drive pulley are connected by belt drive.

[0032] An end cap is fixed to the front end of the driven pulley. A seal is provided between the end cap and the main shaft. A seal is provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley away from the end cap and the front connector body. Seals are provided between the driven pulley and the end cap. The three sets of seals, together with the main shaft, the driven pulley, the front connector body, and the end cap, form a closed cavity. The oil unloading groove and the oil return hole I are connected to the closed cavity.

[0033] The end cover is equipped with a water baffle, and a drive component is detachably connected to the front end of the end cover. The drive component can drive the end cover to the main shaft. The position of the drive motor is adjusted by bolts to adjust the belt tension or relaxation.

[0034] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the throttle flushing device includes:

[0035] A steel fork, wherein the steel fork has a U-shaped structure and the lower end face of the steel fork is set as a symmetrical bevel;

[0036] The sealing sleeve is provided in two sets. The two sets of sealing sleeves have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically. The two sets of sealing sleeves are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft, and there is a gap between the inner hole of the sealing sleeve and the main shaft. The sealing sleeve is located in the inner cavity of the head frame housing, between the front connector body and the rear connector body.

[0037] A screw seat, which is fixed to the cover plate of the headstock housing;

[0038] A screw, which is rotatably connected to the screw seat, and the threaded portion of the screw is threadedly connected to the middle position of the steel fork;

[0039] The sealing sleeve is inlaid with several top-pressure steel balls, which contact and cooperate with the inclined surface of the steel fork. The other end of the sealing sleeve is provided with mounting holes and guide holes at equal intervals around its circumference. A sealing cone plug is installed in the mounting hole. There is a guide pin between the guide hole and the front connector body and the rear connector body to guide the direction. Below, there is a support base and a support semi-circular rail to support the sealing sleeve. Oil drain holes are respectively provided on the front connector body and the rear connector body. The sealing cone plug can abut against the oil drain hole to seal.

[0040] According to the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure provided by the present invention, the mode switching device includes:

[0041] A threaded adjusting sleeve is coaxially disposed at the rear end of the rear connector body. Several sets of set screws are installed on the threaded adjusting sleeve, and the set screws realize the locking and fastening between the threaded adjusting sleeve and the rear connector body. The front end of the threaded adjusting sleeve forms a contact support with the rear end face of the rear hydrostatic bearing, so as to realize the fine adjustment of the position of the rear hydrostatic bearing.

[0042] A thrust bearing, which is coaxially mounted on the rear end of the threaded adjusting sleeve;

[0043] A bearing rear cover is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing, and the bearing rear cover has several countersunk holes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0044] Compression springs, wherein several sets of compression springs are provided, and the several sets of compression springs are respectively disposed in the countersunk hole;

[0045] A pressure pad is sleeved on the main shaft, and one end of the compression spring abuts against the pressure pad;

[0046] An adjusting nut is threaded onto the rear thread of the main shaft, and the pressure pad is in contact with one end face of the adjusting nut under the elastic force of the compression spring.

[0047] A dust cover is installed at the rear end of the rear connector body. The threaded adjusting sleeve, the thrust bearing, the bearing rear cover, the pressure pad, and the adjusting nut are all located inside the dust cover.

[0048] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0049] 1) The spindle's operating state can be easily adjusted via a mode switching device to adapt to different grinding scenarios. When switched to spindle rotation mode, the headstock spindle can achieve high-precision rotary motion, enabling high-precision grinding of disc-shaped or shorter workpieces. In spindle stationary mode, the spindle remains stationary, allowing for double-edge grinding using the center holes at both ends of the workpiece. This balances the needs of two different scenarios, achieving the integration and flexible switching of multiple functions.

[0050] 2) In the headstock spindle rotation mode, a pressure oil film is formed in the hydrostatic oil chambers of the front bearing system and the rear bearing system, realizing a pure liquid lubrication state between the headstock spindle and the front and rear bearing systems, which greatly reduces friction and wear, ensures that the spindle has extremely high rotational accuracy and stability when rotating, effectively reduces vibration and noise, and improves machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0051] 3) The gap throttle used can achieve the throttling effect and automatically match the pressure oil flow required by multiple sets of hydrostatic oil chambers in the front and rear bearing systems, ensuring the rotational accuracy and rigidity of the spindle and meeting the high-precision rotation requirements of the headstock spindle.

[0052] 4) The throttle flushing device installed between the front and rear bearing systems can flush the throttle when necessary, preventing impurities and dirt from clogging the throttle, ensuring the smooth flow of the pressure oil circuit, and further improving the reliability and stability of the system.

[0053] 5) The joints of the front and rear bearing systems are coaxially arranged, with cylindrical inner bores of uniform diameter for easy precision machining and assembly. The rear bearing system employs a hydrostatic oil chamber structure with an inner conical surface, precisely fitting with the rear conical surface of the spindle to provide radial and axial rotational support. Furthermore, with the headstock spindle fixed, the front conical surface of the front bearing system contacts the front conical surface of the spindle, and the tapered inner bore of the rear hydrostatic bearing contacts the rear conical surface of the spindle, providing reliable support for the headstock spindle. Attached Figure Description

[0054] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrostatic spindle structure of the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock of the present invention (in spindle rotation mode). Figure I ;

[0056] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the hydrostatic spindle structure of the multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock of the present invention (in the fixed spindle mode). Figure II ;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the flushing device of the throttle device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a sectional view of the front view of the connector body of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 5 This is the left view of the front view of the connector body of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a sectional view of the main spindle front view of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a left view of the main axis of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the steel fork of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the oil circuit for flushing the throttle device of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the circulation lubrication of oil entering the inner cavity of the driven pulley according to the present invention.

[0066] Among them, 1. Head frame base; 2. Head frame shell;

[0067] 3. Bearing system;

[0068] 310. Front bearing system; 320. Rear bearing system; 330. Spindle; 340. Hydrostatic oil chamber;

[0069] 311. Front connector body; 312. Oil unloading groove; 313. Oil return hole I;

[0070] 321. Rear connector body; 322. Rear hydrostatic bearing; 323. Annular oil groove; 324. Oil return hole II;

[0071] 4. Hydraulic system;

[0072] 410. Hydraulic station (static oil tank); 420. Hydraulic pipeline;

[0073] 421. Tee; 422. High-pressure pipeline; 423. Pressure oil passage;

[0074] 5. Throttling system;

[0075] 510. Slotted throttle; 520. Throttling device flushing device;

[0076] 521. Steel fork; 522. Sealing sleeve; 523. Screw seat; 524. Cover plate; 525. Screw; 526. Top pressure steel ball; 527. Sealing cone plug; 528. Oil drain hole; 529. Support semi-circular rail; 530. Support base;

[0077] 6. Drive mechanism;

[0078] 610. Drive components; 620. Transmission components;

[0079] 611. Drive motor; 612. Drive pulley;

[0080] 621. Rolling bearing; 622. Driven pulley; 623. Drive belt; 624. End cap; 625. Seal; 626. Water shield; 627. Lever;

[0081] 7. Mode switching device;

[0082] 701. Threaded adjusting sleeve; 702. Thrust bearing; 703. Bearing rear cover; 704. Spring; 705. Pressure pad; 706. Adjusting nut; 707. Dust cover; 708. Drive component. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0083] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0085] Reference Figure 1-11 This invention provides a multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure, comprising:

[0086] Head frame base 1, with head frame housing 2 mounted on the upper part of head frame base 1;

[0087] The bearing system 3 includes a front bearing system 310, a rear bearing system 320, and a spindle 330. The front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end of the headstock housing 2, and the spindle 330 passes through the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320.

[0088] Hydraulic system 4, which includes hydraulic station 410 and hydraulic pipeline 420;

[0089] Throttling system 5 includes a slit throttle 510 and a throttle flushing device 520. The throttle flushing device 520 is installed inside the headstock housing 2, located between the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320, and is passed through by the main shaft 330. It is used to flush the blocked slit throttle 510. The front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 are respectively provided with static pressure oil chambers 340. The static pressure oil chambers 340 are provided with oil passage holes. The slit throttle 510 is connected to the oil passage holes. The pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station 410 is connected to the slit throttle 510 through the hydraulic pipeline 420.

[0090] The drive mechanism 6 includes a drive component 610 and a transmission component 620. The drive component 610 is mounted on the head frame housing 2, and the transmission component 620 is mounted on the front bearing system 310. The transmission component 620 and the drive component 610 are in a transmission engagement.

[0091] The mode switching device 7 is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system 320 and is used to switch the spindle 330 to either fixed mode or rotating mode according to process requirements.

[0092] When the mode switching device 7 is in the spindle rotation mode, the hydraulic station 410 pumps pressurized oil. The pressurized oil is delivered to the annular oil groove 323 through the hydraulic pipeline 420, and then distributed to the vicinity of several slit throttles 510. After being throttled by the slit throttles 510, the oil enters the hydrostatic oil chambers 340 on the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 through the oil passage. Pressure is formed in the hydrostatic oil chambers 340. In rotation mode, the spindle 330 moves forward a small distance under the axial pressure of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, thereby separating from the support cone surfaces of the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320. This allows the spindle 330 to be in a hydraulically suspended state under the support of the oil film, thus significantly reducing friction and wear. After the drive component 708 is installed on the end cover 624, the end face slot structure of the spindle 330 is precisely engaged in the opposite side structure of the drive component 708. In this way, the torque and motion output by the drive component 610 are transmitted to the end cover 624 and the drive component 708 via the transmission component 620, and finally to the spindle 330, realizing the high-precision rotation of the spindle 330 and its smooth operation under the support of the pressure oil film.

[0093] When switching the mold switching device 7 to the spindle fixed mode, first, the pressure oil in the hydraulic line 420 should be shut off to reduce the pressure in the front and rear bearing systems to zero. Then, remove the drive component 708 and install the lever 627 that drives the workpiece rotation. Appropriately rotate the adjusting nut 706 to pull the spindle 330 backward. The front tapered surface and the rear tapered outer surface of the spindle 330 will gradually approach the front tapered surface of the front connector body 311 and the inner hole of the tapered surface of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, ultimately making the front and rear tapered surfaces of the spindle 330 completely fit with the corresponding tapered surfaces of the front and rear bearing systems, forming reliable surface contact and support. The resulting friction restricts the movement of the spindle 330. At this time, the torque and movement of the drive component 610 are transmitted to the end cover 624 via the transmission component 620. The lever 627 that drives the workpiece rotation is fixed on the end cover 624. By installing a suitable fixed center in the Morse taper hole of the spindle 330, the device of the present invention can be put into the working state of headstock spindle fixed.

[0094] During equipment operation, if the slit throttle 510 becomes clogged, it can be flushed using the throttle flushing device 520. The throttle flushing device 520 is located between the front bearing system 310 and the rear bearing system 320 and passes through the main shaft 330. It uses pressurized oil or other flushing media (such as special cleaning oil) provided by the hydraulic system 4 to flush the clogged slit throttle 510. This ensures the normal throttling function of the slit throttle 510, thereby maintaining the stability of the oil film in the hydrostatic oil chamber 340 and the normal operation of the main shaft 330.

[0095] Further optimization of the design, the front bearing system 310 includes:

[0096] The front connector body 311 is coaxially arranged with the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame housing 2, and the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame housing 2 is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface at the left end of the front connector body 311. The head frame housing 2 and the front connector body 311 are fixed together by screws; this ensures that the two are tightly connected and accurately positioned, and provides a basis for the coaxial arrangement of the front and rear bearing systems.

[0097] The main spindle 330 passes through the front connector body 311. The inner hole of the front connector body 311 is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the main spindle 330 are respectively provided with positioning cone surfaces. The cone surface at the front end of the front connector body 311 has the same taper as the cone surface at the front end of the main spindle 330, so they can fit tightly together to form a reliable automatic positioning and support.

[0098] The inner wall of the front connector body 311 is provided with several sets of static pressure oil chambers 340 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Oil passage holes are opened on the inner wall of the static pressure oil chambers 340. An oil discharge groove 312 is provided between adjacent static pressure oil chambers 340. One end of the oil discharge groove 312 is connected to the oil return passage of the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2. The other end of the oil discharge groove 312 is connected to the inner cavity of the driven pulley 622 through the front cone surface of the front connector body 311. Two sets of oil return holes I 313 are also provided on the front connector body 311.

[0099] When the pressurized oil overflows from the static pressure oil chamber 340 to the adjacent unloading groove 312, part of the oil flows directly back into the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2 through the unloading groove 312, while the other part enters the inner cavity of the driven pulley 622, passes through the gap between the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing 621, and finally flows back to the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2 through the return oil hole I 313, and then returns to the hydraulic station 410 through the return oil pipeline, completing the circulation of pressurized oil.

[0100] Further optimization of the design, the rear bearing system 320 includes:

[0101] The rear connector body 321 is coaxially arranged with the rear end mounting hole of the headstock housing 2, and the rear end mounting hole of the headstock housing 2 is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface of the right end of the rear connector body 321. The headstock housing 2 and the rear connector body 321 are fixed together by screws to ensure a tight connection and accurate positioning between the two, and to provide a basis for the coaxial arrangement of the front and rear bearing systems.

[0102] Furthermore, the inner hole of the rear connector body 321 is a cylindrical structure; and it is coaxially arranged with the cylindrical inner hole of the front connector body 311, and has the same diameter.

[0103] The rear hydrostatic bearing 322 is coaxially installed in the cylindrical inner hole of the rear connector body 321 and has an interference fit with the inner hole of the rear connector body 321. The inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 has a tapered hole structure. The rear end of the spindle 330 is machined with a tapered outer circle that matches the shape of the inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 to ensure the positioning accuracy and reliable support of the rear end of the spindle 330.

[0104] The inner wall of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 is provided with several sets of hydrostatic oil chambers 340. The oil passage is opened on the inner wall of the oil chamber of the rear connector body 321 and the rear hydrostatic bearing 322. The oil passage on the rear connector body 321 and the oil passage on the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 are arranged coaxially. The hydrostatic oil chambers 340 are connected to the oil passage.

[0105] The rear hydrostatic bearing 322 has several sets of hydrostatic oil chambers 340 in its tapered inner hole. When the headstock spindle is in the rotating mode, the pressurized oil enters the hydrostatic oil chambers 340 through the oil passage and forms hydrostatic support for the spindle 330.

[0106] The outer walls of the rear connector body 321 and the front connector body 311 are respectively provided with annular oil grooves 323. Several sets of slit throttles 510 are distributed in the annular oil grooves 323. Pressurized oil enters the annular oil grooves 323 through the oil passage 423 and is distributed to the vicinity of each slit throttle 510. Through the slit throttles 510, it is distributed into the oil passage holes and finally enters the static pressure oil chamber 340. The throttling of the slit throttles 510 ensures that the pressure and flow rate are precisely matched, thus ensuring the rigidity of the oil film in the static pressure oil chamber 340. An oil discharge groove 312 is provided between adjacent static pressure oil chambers 340 to return the overflowing pressurized oil to the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2. An oil return hole II 324 is provided on the rear static pressure bearing 322 to discharge the oil at the rear end of the rear static pressure bearing 322 back into the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2, realizing the return circulation of pressurized oil.

[0107] Further optimization of the design, hydraulic line 420 includes:

[0108] Tee 421 is installed on headstock housing 2, and the output end of hydraulic station 410 is connected to the inlet end of tee 421.

[0109] High pressure pipeline 422, two sets of high pressure pipeline 422 are provided, and pressure oil channel 423 is opened on the inner wall of head frame housing 2. Pressure oil channel 423 is connected to annular oil groove 323 on front connector body 311 and annular oil groove 323 on rear connector body 321 respectively. High pressure pipeline 422 is connected to two sets of pressure oil channels 423 respectively.

[0110] The oil return pipe has an oil return hole at the bottom of the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2. The oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole and is connected to the hydraulic station 410.

[0111] The output end of the hydraulic station 410 is connected to the inlet end of the tee 421 installed on the headstock housing 2, and the pressure oil is delivered to the tee 421. The tee 421 distributes the pressure oil to two sets of high-pressure pipelines 422. The high-pressure pipelines 422 are connected to the annular oil grooves 323 on the front connector body 311 and the rear connector body 321 respectively through the pressure oil channel 423 on the inner wall of the headstock housing 2, and distribute the pressure oil to the periphery of several slit throttles 510 through the annular oil grooves 323. After being throttled by the throttles, the oil enters the static pressure oil chambers 340 of the front and rear bearing systems 320 through their respective oil passages.

[0112] A return oil hole is provided on the headstock housing 2, and a return oil pipe is connected to the return oil hole to transport the return oil back to the hydraulic station 410. This forms a pressure oil circulation system, ensuring a continuous supply and normal circulation of pressure oil.

[0113] Further optimization of the design, the drive component 610 includes:

[0114] Drive motor 611, drive motor 611 is fixed on head frame housing 2;

[0115] Drive pulley 612 is fixed on the output shaft of drive motor 611.

[0116] The transmission component 620 is further optimized and includes:

[0117] Bearing 621 is fixed to the outer wall of the front connector body 311;

[0118] Driven pulley 622 is fixed above the outer wall of bearing 621, and driven pulley 622 is connected to drive pulley 612 through belt 623;

[0119] End cap 624 is fixed to the front end of driven pulley 622. A seal 625 is provided between end cap 624 and main shaft 330. A seal 625 is also provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley 622 away from end cap 624 and front connector body 311. Seals are also provided between driven pulley 622 and end cap 624. The three sets of seals, together with main shaft 330, driven pulley 622, front connector body 311, and end cap 624, form a closed cavity. Oil discharge groove 312 and oil return hole I are both connected to the closed cavity.

[0120] The end cover 624 is equipped with a water baffle 626. The front end of the end cover 624 is detachably connected to a drive component 708 (used in spindle rotation mode) and a drive lever 627 (used in spindle fixed mode). The position of the drive motor 611 is adjusted by bolts to adjust the tension or relaxation of the belt 623.

[0121] Further optimization of the design includes the following: Throttling device flushing unit 520

[0122] Steel fork 521, steel fork 521 has a U-shaped structure, and the lower end face of steel fork 521 is set as a symmetrical bevel.

[0123] Screw seat 523, screw seat 523 is fixed on cover plate 524 of head frame housing 2;

[0124] Screw 525 is rotatably connected to screw seat 523, and the threaded part of screw 525 is threadedly connected to the middle position of steel fork 521;

[0125] The sealing sleeve 522 is provided in two sets. The two sets have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically. The two sets of sealing sleeves 522 are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft 330, and there is a gap between the inner hole of the sealing sleeve 522 and the main shaft 330. The sealing sleeve 522 is located in the inner cavity of the head frame housing 2, between the front connector body 311 and the rear connector body 321.

[0126] The sealing sleeve 522 has mounting holes and guide holes evenly spaced around its end near the front and rear connector bodies. A sealing cone plug 527 is installed in the mounting hole. Guide pins guide the direction of movement between the guide holes and the front connector body 311 and the rear connector body 321. Below, there are supporting semi-circular rails 529 and support seats 530 that support the sealing sleeve 522. Oil drain holes 528 are respectively provided on the front connector body 311 and the rear connector body 321. The supporting semi-circular rails 529 and support seats 530 support the sealing sleeve 522, and the guide pins ensure the directional accuracy of the sealing sleeve 522 during movement.

[0127] The other end of the sealing sleeve 522 is fixed with a top-pressure steel ball 526, which slides in contact with the inclined surface of the steel fork 521. When the screw 525 is rotated, the screw 525 is threaded on the screw seat 523, which drives the steel fork 521 to move up and down. The inclined surface of the steel fork 521 pushes the top-pressure steel ball 526, causing the sealing sleeve 522 to move axially, thereby causing the sealing cone plug 527 to abut or separate from the oil drain hole 528 on the front and rear connector bodies 321.

[0128] When the device is in normal use, the sealing cone plug 527 and the drain hole 528 are in a contact sealing state. When it is necessary to flush the clogged slit throttle 510, the two are in a separated state.

[0129] When the steel fork 521 rises, the two sets of sealing sleeves 522, under the oil pressure in the drain hole 528, push open the sealing cone plug 527 and move towards the center. The sealing cone plug 527 separates from the drain hole 528, and pressurized oil (or other special cleaning oil) is quickly sprayed out from the drain hole 528. During this process, the pressurized oil flushes the area around the slit throttle, clearing blockages around the slit throttle 510 and performing a flushing function. The oil sprayed from 528 returns to the inner cavity of the headstock housing 2 and flows back to the hydraulic station 410 through the return oil line. After flushing, the steel fork 521 is moved down by rotating the screw 525, forcing the sealing cone plug 527 on the sealing sleeve 522 to re-insert into the drain hole 528, achieving a seal, and the device returns to normal function and operating condition.

[0130] Further optimization of the scheme, the mode switching device 7 includes:

[0131] The threaded adjusting sleeve 701 is coaxially disposed at the rear end of the rear connector body 321. Several sets of set screws are installed on the threaded adjusting sleeve 701, which lock the threaded adjusting sleeve 701 and the rear connector body 321. The front end of the threaded adjusting sleeve 701 forms a contact support with the rear end face of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, and can finely adjust the axial position of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322.

[0132] Thrust bearing 702 is coaxially mounted on the rear end of threaded adjusting sleeve 701;

[0133] The bearing rear cover 703 is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing 702. The bearing rear cover 703 has several countersunk holes at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0134] Compression spring 704, several sets of compression spring 704 are provided, and several sets of compression spring 704 are respectively installed in the countersunk hole;

[0135] Pressure pad 705 is sleeved on spindle 330, and one end of compression spring 704 abuts against pressure pad 705;

[0136] Adjusting nut 706 is threaded onto the rear thread of spindle 330. Pressure pad 705 is in contact with one end face of adjusting nut 706 under the elastic force of compression spring 704.

[0137] Dust cover 707 is installed at the rear end of the rear connector body 321. Threaded adjusting sleeve 701, thrust bearing 702, bearing rear cover 703, pressure pad 705, and adjusting nut 706 are all located inside the dust cover 707.

[0138] The threaded adjusting sleeve 701 is coaxially mounted at the rear end of the rear connector body 321 and is securely fastened to the rear connector body 321 by a set screw. When the set screw is loosened, the position of the hydrostatic bearing 322 can be finely adjusted by rotating the threaded adjusting sleeve 701 appropriately. In the spindle fixed mode, it is ensured that the front tapered surface of the spindle 330 is in close contact with the front positioning tapered hole of the front connector body 311, while the outer tapered circle of the rear end of the spindle 330 is in close contact with the inner tapered hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322, forming a high-rigidity support with simultaneous contact of the front and rear tapered surfaces.

[0139] A bearing rear cover 703 is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing 702. Several countersunk holes are equally spaced around the cover, and several sets of compression springs 704 are disposed within these countersunk holes. A pressure pad 705 is fitted onto the main shaft 330. One end of each spring 704 abuts against the pressure pad 705, and the pressure pad 705, under the elastic force of the spring 704, abuts against one end face of the adjusting nut 706. By rotating the adjusting nut 706, the compression of the spring 704 can be changed, thus adjusting the axial tension on the main shaft 330.

[0140] When it is necessary to switch the spindle 330 to a fixed state, remove the drive component 708 and install the lever 627 that drives the workpiece to rotate. Then, close the hydraulic oil circuit to the front and rear bearing systems. When the oil pressure is zero, rotate the adjusting nut 706 to increase the compression of the spring 704, thereby increasing the backward pulling force on the spindle 330 and pulling the spindle 330 backward. When the front tapered surface of the spindle 330 and the inner hole of the tapered surface of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322 are in contact, the front tapered surface of the spindle 330 also happens to be in contact with the front positioning tapered surface of the front connector body 311, forming a positioning support between the front and rear tapered surfaces, generating contact pressure and friction to ensure that the spindle 330 is stable and does not move.

[0141] When it is necessary to switch the spindle 330 to the rotating state, rotate the adjusting nut 706 to reduce the compression of the spring 704, thereby reducing the axial tension on the spindle 330. This opens the pressure oil circuit of the front and rear bearing systems, causing the spindle 330 to move forward a small distance under the oil film pressure of the rear hydrostatic bearing 322. This causes the front and rear tapered surfaces of the spindle 330 to disengage from the aforementioned support surfaces, creating a gap. In the hydraulically open state, the front and rear bearing systems will provide hydrostatic support to the headstock spindle 330.

[0142] Driven by the drive component 610, the torque and rotational motion are transmitted to the driven pulley 622 and the end cover 624 through the transmission component 620. The front end of the end cover 624 is detachably connected to the drive component 708. The torque and rotational motion are transmitted to the slot structure at the front end of the spindle 330 through the opposite side structure on the drive component 708, thereby driving the spindle 330 to rotate with high precision.

[0143] The dust cover 707 is installed at the rear end of the rear connector body 321, and encloses components such as the threaded adjusting sleeve 701, thrust bearing 702, bearing rear cover 703, pressure pad 705, and adjusting nut 706 to prevent dust and other impurities from entering and ensure the normal operation of the device.

[0144] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0145] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure, characterized in that, include: Head frame base (1), and a head frame housing (2) is installed on the upper part of the head frame base (1); The bearing system (3) includes a front bearing system (310), a rear bearing system (320), and a spindle (330). The front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320) are respectively installed at the front end and the rear end of the head frame housing (2). The spindle (330) passes through the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320). Hydraulic system (4), the hydraulic system (4) includes hydraulic station (410) and hydraulic pipeline (420); Throttling system (5), the throttle system (5) includes a slit throttle (510) and a throttle flushing device (520). The throttle flushing device (520) is disposed in the head frame housing (2), located between the front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320), and is passed through by the main shaft (330) for flushing the blocked slit throttle (510). The front bearing system (310) and the rear bearing system (320) are respectively provided with static pressure oil chambers (340). The static pressure oil chambers (340) are provided with oil passage holes. The slit throttle (510) is connected to the oil passage holes. The pressure oil pumped by the hydraulic station (410) is connected to the slit throttle (510) through the hydraulic pipeline (420). The drive mechanism (6) includes a drive component (610) and a transmission component (620). The drive component (610) is mounted on the head frame housing (2), and the transmission component (620) is mounted on the front bearing system (310). The transmission component (620) and the drive component (610) are in a transmission engagement. Mode switching device (7), which is installed at the rear end of the rear bearing system (320), is used to switch the spindle (330) to a fixed state or a rotating state; The front bearing system (310) includes a front connector body (311); The rear bearing system (320) includes: The rear connector body (321) is coaxially arranged with the rear mounting hole of the head frame housing (2), and the rear mounting hole of the head frame housing (2) is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface of the right end of the rear connector body (321). The head frame housing (2) and the rear connector body (321) are fixed by screws. The inner hole of the rear connector body (321) is a cylindrical structure. The inner hole of the front connector body (311) is coaxial with the inner hole of the rear connector body (321) and has the same diameter. A rear hydrostatic bearing (322) is coaxially installed in the inner hole of the rear connector body (321) and has an interference fit with the inner hole of the rear connector body (321). The inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322) has a tapered hole structure. The rear end of the spindle (330) is machined with a tapered outer circle that matches the shape of the inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322) and has a precise fit with the inner hole of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322) to ensure positioning accuracy and support rigidity. The inner wall of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322) is provided with a plurality of sets of hydrostatic oil chambers (340), and oil passage holes are opened on the inner walls of the rear connector body (321) and the rear hydrostatic bearing (322). The oil passage holes on the rear connector body (321) and the oil passage holes on the rear hydrostatic bearing (322) are arranged coaxially, and the hydrostatic oil chambers (340) are connected to the oil passage holes. Among them, the outer wall of the rear connector body (321) and the outer wall of the front connector body (311) are respectively provided with annular oil grooves (323). The slit throttles (510) are distributed in the annular oil grooves (323). The pressure oil is distributed to the vicinity of the slit throttles (510) through the annular oil grooves respectively provided on the outer wall of the rear connector body (321) and the outer wall of the front connector body (311). The oil is distributed into the oil passage through several slit throttles (510) and enters the static pressure oil chamber (340) from the oil passage. An oil discharge groove (312) is provided between any adjacent static pressure oil chambers (340) for the pressure oil to return to the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2). The rear static pressure bearing (322) is provided with an oil return hole II (324).

2. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front bearing system (310) includes: A front connector body (311) is arranged coaxially with the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame housing (2), and the mounting hole at the front end of the head frame housing (2) is interference-fitted with the outer circular surface at the left end of the front connector body (311). The head frame housing (2) and the front connector body (311) are fixed together by screws. The main shaft (330) passes through the front connector body (311). The inner hole of the front connector body (311) is a cylindrical structure, and the front end of the inner hole and the front end of the main shaft (330) are respectively provided with a tapered surface. The tapered surface at the front end of the front connector body (311) has the same taper as the tapered surface at the front end of the main shaft (330). The inner wall of the front connector body (311) is provided with several sets of static pressure oil chambers (340) at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Oil passage holes are opened on the inner wall of the static pressure oil chambers (340). An oil discharge groove (312) is provided between adjacent static pressure oil chambers (340). One end of the oil discharge groove (312) is connected to the oil return passage of the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2). Two sets of oil return holes I (313) are opened on the front connector body (311).

3. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic line (420) includes: A tee (421) is installed on the head frame housing (2), and the output end of the hydraulic station (410) is connected to the inlet end of the tee (421); High-pressure pipeline (422), the high-pressure pipeline (422) is provided in two sets, the inner wall of the head frame housing (2) is provided with pressure oil channel (423), the pressure oil channel (423) is connected to the annular oil groove (323) on the front connector body (311) and the annular oil groove (323) on the rear connector body (321) respectively, and the high-pressure pipeline (422) is connected to the two sets of pressure oil channels (423) respectively; The oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole in the lower part of the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2), and the oil return pipe is connected to the oil return hole and the hydraulic station (410).

4. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive component (610) includes: A drive motor (611) is fixed on the head frame housing (2); A drive pulley (612) is fixed on the output shaft of the drive motor (611).

5. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission component (620) includes: A rolling bearing (621) is fixed to the outer wall of the front connector body (311); Driven pulley (622) is fixed above the outer wall of the rolling bearing (621), and the driven pulley (622) and the drive pulley (612) are connected by a belt (623) for transmission. An end cap (624) is fixed to the front end of the driven pulley (622). A seal (625) is provided between the end cap (624) and the main shaft (330). A seal (625) is provided between the inner wall of the driven pulley (622) away from the end cap (624) and the front connector body (311). Seals (625) are also provided between the driven pulley (622) and the end cap (624). The three sets of seals (625) form a closed cavity with the main shaft (330), the driven pulley (622), the front connector body (311), and the end cap (624). The oil unloading groove (312) and the oil return hole I (313) are connected to the closed cavity. The end cap (624) is equipped with a water baffle (626), and the front end of the end cap (624) is detachably connected to a drive component (708). The position of the drive motor (611) is adjusted by bolts to achieve tensioning or loosening of the belt (623).

6. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The throttle flushing device (520) includes: A steel fork (521), wherein the steel fork (521) has a U-shaped structure and the lower end face of the steel fork (521) is set as a symmetrical inclined surface; A sealing sleeve (522) is provided in two sets. The two sets have the same structure and are arranged symmetrically. The two sets of sealing sleeves (522) are symmetrically sleeved on the main shaft (330), and there is a gap between the inner hole of the sealing sleeve (522) and the main shaft (330). The sealing sleeve (522) is located in the inner cavity of the head frame housing (2) between the front connector body (311) and the rear connector body (321). Screw seat (523), the screw seat (523) is fixed on the cover plate (524) of the head frame housing (2); A screw (525) is rotatably connected to a screw seat (523), and the threaded portion of the screw (525) is threadedly connected to the middle position of the steel fork (521). The sealing sleeve (522) is inlaid with several top-pressure steel balls (526), ​​which are in contact with the inclined surface of the steel fork (521). The other end of the sealing sleeve (522) is provided with mounting holes and guide holes at equal intervals around the circumference. A sealing cone plug (527) is installed in the mounting hole. There is a guide pin between the guide hole and the front connector body (311) and the rear connector body (321) to guide the direction. Below, there is a supporting semi-circular rail (529) and a support seat (530) to support the sealing sleeve (522). The front connector body (311) and the rear connector body (321) are respectively provided with oil drain holes (528), and the sealing cone plug (527) can abut against the oil drain hole (528) to seal.

7. The multifunctional high-precision grinding machine headstock hydrostatic spindle structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mode switching device (7) includes: A threaded adjusting sleeve (701) is coaxially disposed at the rear end of the rear connector body (321). Several sets of set screws are installed on the threaded adjusting sleeve (701), which lock the threaded adjusting sleeve (701) and the rear connector body (321) together. The front end of the threaded adjusting sleeve (701) forms a contact support with the rear end face of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322), thereby enabling fine adjustment of the position of the rear hydrostatic bearing (322). A thrust bearing (702) is coaxially mounted on the rear end of the threaded adjusting sleeve (701); A bearing rear cover (703) is installed at the rear end of the thrust bearing (702), and the bearing rear cover (703) has a plurality of countersunk holes evenly spaced in the circumferential direction; Compression spring (704), wherein several sets of compression spring (704) are provided, and several sets of compression spring (704) are respectively provided in the countersunk hole; Pressure pad (705), the pressure pad (705) is sleeved on the main shaft (330), and one end of the compression spring (704) abuts against the pressure pad (705); Adjusting nut (706), the adjusting nut (706) is threadedly connected to the rear thread of the main shaft (330), and the pressure pad (705) is in contact with one end face of the adjusting nut (706) under the elastic force of the compression spring (704); A dust cover (707) is installed at the rear end of the rear connector body (321). The threaded adjusting sleeve (701), the thrust bearing (702), the bearing rear pressure cover (703), the pressure pad (705), and the adjusting nut (706) are all located inside the dust cover (707).

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