An adaptive ring exhaust system

Abstract

This application discloses an adaptive annular ventilation system, comprising: an annular duct, at least two fans, and an adaptive control module. The annular duct connects to multiple compartments, and the two fans are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the annular duct, also connected to outdoor exhaust vents. The adaptive control module is electrically connected to the fans and includes multiple wind pressure sensors and a central controller. The multiple wind pressure sensors are correspondingly installed at the exhaust vents of the multiple compartments, and the central controller is electrically connected to both the wind pressure sensors and the fans. The central controller receives the wind pressure values ​​detected by each wind pressure sensor and calculates the wind pressure standard deviation. When the wind pressure standard deviation exceeds a threshold, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution of the two fans. This application ensures uniform airflow in each compartment by adaptively adjusting the power of the two fans, providing a stable and consistent ventilation environment for all compartments of the ship, thus protecting the health of the crew and the normal operation of equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of ship systems, and more particularly to an adaptive annular ventilation system. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of shipbuilding technology, the internal structure of ships is complex, with numerous compartments, from the engine room and cargo holds to living quarters, all of which have strict and diverse requirements for ventilation systems. A good ventilation system is not only a key factor in ensuring the healthy working and living environment of the crew, effectively removing stale air, harmful gases, and excess moisture from the compartments to prevent mold growth and equipment corrosion; it is also an important component in ensuring the normal operation of various ship equipment and guaranteeing safe navigation, such as providing suitable operating temperatures and air environments for critical equipment like engines in the engine room.

[0003] Currently, the ventilation systems widely used on ships generally adopt a linear ventilation system design. In the early stages of ship construction, this traditional linear ventilation system, with its relatively simple structure and convenient installation, met the basic ventilation needs of ships to a certain extent and occupied a dominant position in the field of ship ventilation.

[0004] However, as modern ships continue to develop towards larger, more intelligent, and multifunctional designs, the internal spatial layout of ships is becoming increasingly complex, and the performance requirements for ventilation systems are becoming increasingly stringent. The drawbacks of existing linear ventilation systems are gradually becoming apparent. Existing linear ventilation systems typically consist of multiple independent linear ventilation units, lacking an effective linkage and coordination mechanism between these units. In actual operation, this decentralized design leads to extremely uneven distribution of ventilation volume. In compartments or areas closer to the fan, due to lower airflow resistance, the ventilation volume is often excessive. This not only results in significant energy waste and increases ship operating costs but may also adversely affect equipment or items sensitive to airflow due to excessively high local airflow velocities. For example, in compartments storing precision instruments, excessively fast airflow may interfere with the normal operation of the instruments, affecting their measurement accuracy; in cargo holds storing easily scattered items, strong airflow may cause items to shift or be damaged.

[0005] Conversely, in compartments or corners farther from the fans, the airflow is significantly reduced due to increasing resistance as air flows through the ducts. This drastically reduces ventilation in these areas, preventing the timely and effective removal of polluted air and harmful gases, easily creating ventilation dead zones. Prolonged exposure to such an environment can seriously threaten the health of crew members, causing respiratory illnesses and other problems. It can also accelerate equipment aging and damage, reducing the overall lifespan of the vessel. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide an adaptive annular ventilation system that can solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: On the one hand, an adaptive annular ventilation system is provided, comprising: an annular duct, at least two fans and an adaptive control module, wherein the annular duct is connected to multiple compartments, the two fans are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the annular duct, and the two fans are also connected to an outdoor exhaust outlet; The adaptive control module is electrically connected to the fan. The adaptive control module includes multiple wind pressure sensors and a central controller. The multiple wind pressure sensors are respectively installed at the air vents of the multiple compartments. The central controller is electrically connected to the wind pressure sensors and the fan. The adaptive control module is configured such that the central controller receives the wind pressure values ​​detected by each of the wind pressure sensors and calculates the wind pressure standard deviation. When the wind pressure standard deviation exceeds a threshold, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution between the two wind turbines.

[0008] Furthermore, the central controller executes the following control logic: Using the target wind pressure P0 as a benchmark, calculate the deviation value ΔP of the real-time wind pressure Pi in each compartment: ΔP = |Pi - P0|. The deviation value ΔP is weighted and summed, and the weighting coefficient is positively correlated with the distance between the compartment and the pipe of the fan; Based on the weighted deviation and the dynamically generated power compensation coefficients K1 and K2, K1+K2=1; The power of the two wind turbines is adjusted by the central controller to W1=K1*Wa and W2=K2*Wb, respectively, where Wa and Wb are the original operating power of the two wind turbines.

[0009] Furthermore, the weighting coefficients are set in stages according to the duct distance between the compartment and the fan, wherein: For compartments with a distance ≤ 5m, the weighting coefficient is 0.3; For cabins with a distance of 5m to 10m, the weighting coefficient is 0.6. For compartments with a distance > 10m, the weighting coefficient is 1.0.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a fault detection module, which is used to detect the operating status of the two wind turbines and is electrically connected to the adaptive control module; when the fault detection module detects a fault in one of the wind turbines, the central controller controls the faulty wind turbine to stop operating and controls the power of the other wind turbine to gradually increase to the maximum operating power.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific control logic for gradually increasing the power of the other fan to the maximum operating power is as follows: increase the power by 15% every 2 minutes and maintain it for 10 seconds until the maximum operating power is reached.

[0012] Furthermore, the annular duct is a spiral duct with a diameter of 160mm, and a turbulence suppression structure is provided at the nodes of the spiral duct.

[0013] Furthermore, the turbulence suppression structure is a guide fin disposed on the inner wall, the tilt angle of the guide fin gradually decreases along the airflow direction, and the total decrease is 5°-15°.

[0014] Furthermore, the inner wall of the annular duct is coated with an oleophobic coating.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the oleophobic coating is 80-100 μm.

[0016] Furthermore, the outer wall of the annular duct is provided with multiple shock-absorbing bases.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: Through the layout of the annular duct and the intelligent adjustment of the adaptive control module, the system can monitor the air pressure in each compartment in real time. When uneven air pressure is detected, i.e., the standard deviation of air pressure exceeds the threshold, the central controller will dynamically adjust the power distribution of the two fans. This intelligent adjustment mechanism allows the system to flexibly change the exhaust volume according to actual needs, ensuring that each compartment at different distances from the fans can obtain a relatively uniform exhaust effect. This effectively avoids the problem of excessive exhaust near the fans and insufficient exhaust further away from the fans in traditional linear exhaust systems, providing a stable and consistent ventilation environment for all compartments of the ship, and ensuring the health of the crew and the normal operation of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adaptive annular exhaust system described in an embodiment of this application.

[0020] In the diagram: 1. Circular duct; 2. Fan; 3. Cabin. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical problems solved by this application, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are further described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive annular ventilation system, including: an annular duct 1, at least two fans 2, and an adaptive control module. The annular duct 1 is connected to multiple chambers 3, and the two fans 2 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the annular duct 1. The two fans 2 are also connected to an outdoor exhaust vent. The adaptive control module is electrically connected to the fans 2. The adaptive control module includes multiple wind pressure sensors and a central controller. The multiple wind pressure sensors are correspondingly installed at the exhaust vents of the multiple chambers 3, and the central controller is electrically connected to the wind pressure sensors and the fans 2 respectively. The adaptive control module is configured such that the central controller receives the wind pressure values ​​detected by each of the wind pressure sensors and calculates the wind pressure standard deviation. When the wind pressure standard deviation exceeds a threshold, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution between the two wind turbines 2.

[0025] Based on the above scheme, in terms of system structure, a ring-shaped duct 1 connects multiple compartments 3. This ring-shaped layout allows air to form a circulating flow path throughout the system, providing a physical basis for uniform air extraction compared to traditional linear exhaust systems. Simultaneously, at least two fans 2 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ring-shaped duct 1 and connected to the outdoor exhaust vents. This layout not only increases the system's exhaust power source but also achieves wider area coverage through reasonable power distribution.

[0026] The adaptive control module is the core intelligent component of the system. Multiple wind pressure sensors are installed at the exhaust vents of each compartment 3, enabling real-time and accurate detection of wind pressure values ​​in each compartment 3. The central controller, acting as the control hub, is electrically connected to both the wind pressure sensors and the fans 2. It receives wind pressure data from each sensor and calculates the standard deviation of this data. The standard deviation of wind pressure is a crucial indicator of data dispersion. When it exceeds a set threshold, it indicates a significant difference in wind pressure between the compartments 3, suggesting uneven ventilation. In this case, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution between the two fans 2 according to a preset algorithm. By changing the power of the fans 2, their ventilation capacity is adjusted, thereby altering the air intake and exhaust volumes in each compartment 3, ultimately balancing the wind pressure across the entire system and achieving uniform ventilation.

[0027] The adaptive annular ventilation system of this application has several significant advantages and effectively solves many problems in the prior art. First, it achieves a major breakthrough in ventilation uniformity. Through the layout of the annular duct 1 and the intelligent adjustment of the adaptive control module, the system can monitor the air pressure in each compartment 3 in real time. When uneven air pressure is detected, i.e., the standard deviation of air pressure exceeds the threshold, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution of the two fans 2. This intelligent adjustment mechanism allows the system to flexibly change the ventilation volume according to actual needs, ensuring that each compartment 3 at different distances from the fans 2 can obtain a relatively uniform ventilation effect. This effectively avoids the problem of excessive ventilation closer to the fans 2 and insufficient ventilation farther away in traditional linear ventilation systems, providing a stable and consistent ventilation environment for each compartment 3 of the ship, and ensuring the health of the crew and the normal operation of the equipment.

[0028] Secondly, it improves the reliability and stability of the system. In existing technologies, because linear ventilation systems rely on a single fan 2, the entire system will be paralyzed if fan 2 fails. This application, however, employs a design with at least two fans 2 symmetrically distributed and working collaboratively through an adaptive control module. Even if one fan 2 fails or is damaged, the other fan 2 can continue to operate, maintaining the system's basic ventilation function. Simultaneously, the central controller can readjust the power distribution based on the performance of the remaining fans 2 and actual needs, ensuring the stability of the ventilation effect as much as possible. This significantly reduces the risk of ventilation interruption due to fan 2 failure, providing strong protection for the safe navigation of ships.

[0029] Furthermore, the system offers energy-saving advantages. The adaptive control module can dynamically adjust the power of fan 2 based on actual wind pressure conditions, avoiding energy waste caused by fan 2 always operating at maximum power. When the wind pressure in each compartment 3 is uniform and ventilation needs are met, the system can reduce the power of fan 2, thereby reducing energy consumption and lowering the ship's operating costs, aligning with the modern trend of energy conservation and emission reduction in ships.

[0030] Furthermore, the central controller executes the following control logic: First, using the target wind pressure P0 as a benchmark, calculate the deviation value ΔP=|Pi of the real-time wind pressure Pi in each compartment 3. P0∣. The purpose of this step is to quantify the difference between the current actual wind pressure and the ideal target wind pressure in each compartment 3, and to clarify the degree of deviation between the ventilation effect of each compartment 3 and the expectation.

[0031] Next, the deviation values ​​ΔP are weighted and summed, with the weighting coefficient positively correlated with the duct distance between compartment 3 and fan 2. This means that compartment 3, which is farther from fan 2, has a greater weight in the overall adjustment of its air pressure deviation. Because in actual ventilation systems, compartment 3, which is farther from fan 2, is often more prone to insufficient ventilation or substandard air pressure, this weighting method highlights the air pressure problems of these critical compartments 3, allowing the system to give them more attention during adjustment.

[0032] Then, power compensation coefficients K1 and K2 are dynamically generated based on the weighted deviation sum, satisfying K1 + K2 = 1. The weighted deviation sum reflects the overall wind pressure deviation of each compartment 3 in the entire system. Based on this overall situation, the central controller dynamically determines the power distribution ratio of the two fans 2 according to a specific algorithm. This method of dynamically generating compensation coefficients allows the system to flexibly adjust the operating state of the two fans 2 according to the real-time wind pressure conditions, rather than using a fixed power distribution mode.

[0033] Finally, the power of the two fans 2 is adjusted by the central controller to W1=K1*Wa and W2=K2*Wb, respectively, where Wa and Wb are the original operating power of the two fans 2. In this way, the power of the two fans 2 is precisely adjusted to meet the air pressure requirements of different compartments 3, thereby achieving the goal of uniform air pressure and good ventilation effect throughout the system.

[0034] Furthermore, the weighting coefficients are set in stages based on the distance of compartment 3 from the duct of fan 2: 0.3 for compartment 3 with a distance ≤ 5m; 0.6 for compartment 3 with a distance < 5m ≤ 10m; and 1.0 for compartment 3 with a distance > 10m. In this scheme, compartment 3 is divided into three intervals according to its distance from the duct of fan 2. When the distance of compartment 3 from the duct of fan 2 is less than or equal to 5 meters, the weighting coefficient for that compartment 3 is set to 0.3; if the distance of compartment 3 is between 5 meters and 10 meters (inclusive), its weighting coefficient is 0.6; and when the distance of compartment 3 from the duct of fan 2 is greater than 10 meters, the weighting coefficient is set to 1.0. This tiered setting of weighting coefficients is based on the fact that in actual ship ventilation systems, the ventilation effect of compartments 3 at different distances from fan 2 is affected to varying degrees. In compartment 3, which is closer to fan 2, airflow is relatively easy, ventilation is generally better, and the likelihood and degree of deviation of air pressure from the target value are relatively small. Conversely, in compartment 3, which is farther from fan 2, air encounters greater resistance in the duct, making insufficient ventilation and substandard air pressure more likely, and the deviation from the target value is more severe. By setting different weighting coefficients according to distance levels, the greater the proportion of air pressure deviation in the overall adjustment of compartment 3, the farther away from fan 2. This allows the system to focus more on improving the ventilation of compartment 3, which is farther from fan 2, when subsequently adjusting the power of fan 2 based on weighted deviation.

[0035] In some embodiments, a fault detection module is further included. This module detects the operating status of the two wind turbines 2 and is electrically connected to the adaptive control module. When the fault detection module detects a fault in one of the wind turbines 2, the central controller stops the faulty wind turbine 2 and gradually increases the power of the other wind turbine 2 to its maximum operating power. From the perspective of system reliability and safety, the fault detection module acts as a "safety guardian" of the system, capable of monitoring the operating status of the wind turbines 2 in real time. Once a fault is detected in a wind turbine 2, the central controller can react quickly and stop the faulty wind turbine 2 from operating, effectively avoiding more serious consequences that might result from the continued operation of the faulty wind turbine 2, such as accelerated equipment damage or fires caused by electrical faults. This greatly improves the safety and reliability of the system and ensures the safety of personnel and equipment on board.

[0036] Regarding the continuity of system operation, when one of the fans 2 fails, the central controller gradually increases the power of the other fan 2 to its maximum operating power, ensuring that the system is not completely paralyzed due to the failure of a single fan 2. This design guarantees that the system can still maintain basic ventilation functions in the event of a failure, providing necessary air circulation to the ship's compartments 3, meeting the basic breathing needs of the crew and the heat dissipation requirements of the equipment, and ensuring that the ship is not affected by ventilation interruptions during navigation, thus improving the continuity and stability of system operation.

[0037] From the perspective of equipment protection and cost control, the central controller's method of gradually increasing the power of the normal wind turbine 2 to its maximum operating power fully considers the equipment's capacity. This avoids mechanical damage and electrical overload problems caused by sudden and significant power increases in wind turbine 2, extending its service life, reducing the frequency of equipment maintenance and replacement, and lowering the ship's operating costs. Simultaneously, this intelligent fault handling mechanism reduces the need for manual intervention, improves the efficiency and accuracy of fault handling, and further enhances the overall system performance and economic benefits.

[0038] The specific control logic for gradually increasing the power of the other fan 2 to its maximum operating power is as follows: Power is increased by 15% every 2 minutes and maintained for 10 seconds until the maximum operating power is reached. This control process is carried out in an orderly manner with fixed time intervals and power increase increments. The central controller sends a power increase command to the normal fan 2 every 2 minutes, increasing its power by 15%. After the power increase, the fan 2 operates at this new power for 10 seconds. This 10-second maintenance time has two important functions. First, it gives the fan 2 sufficient time to adapt to the new power state, ensuring stable operation after the power increase and avoiding instability such as abnormal vibration or overheating caused by sudden power changes. Second, during these 10 seconds, the system can monitor the operating parameters of the fan 2 at the new power, such as speed, current, and voltage, to determine whether the fan 2 can normally withstand this power. If the fan 2 operates stably, the central controller will continue to send power increase commands in the next 2-minute cycle, repeating the above process until the power of the fan 2 is gradually increased to its maximum operating power.

[0039] Specifically, the annular duct 1 is a spiral duct with a diameter of 160mm, and turbulence suppression structures are installed at the nodes of the spiral duct. The diameter of the duct directly affects the airflow and velocity within the system. The 160mm diameter is based on a comprehensive evaluation of various factors, including the ventilation requirements of the entire ship's compartments 3, the performance of the fan 2, and the spatial layout. From a ventilation perspective, this diameter ensures sufficient airflow to each compartment 3 during normal operation of the fan 2, meeting the ventilation requirements for crew breathing and equipment cooling. Simultaneously, considering the pressure and airflow characteristics of the fan 2, the 160mm diameter allows the air to maintain a suitable velocity within the duct, preventing both excessively low velocities leading to air accumulation and low ventilation efficiency, and excessively high velocities resulting in excessive noise and energy loss.

[0040] Incorporating turbulence suppression structures at the nodes of spiral ducts is a crucial measure addressing airflow characteristics. At duct nodes, changes in duct routing and connection methods can drastically alter airflow patterns, easily generating turbulence. Turbulence increases energy loss, reduces ventilation efficiency, and generates significant noise, impacting the living and working environment of crew members. Turbulence suppression structures, through specific shapes and designs, guide and rectify airflow, allowing for a smoother transition as air passes through the nodes, reducing turbulence, thereby decreasing energy loss and noise, and further improving the performance of the ventilation system.

[0041] More specifically, the turbulence suppression structure consists of guide fins on the inner wall, with the inclination angle of the guide fins gradually decreasing along the airflow direction, and the total decrease being 5°-15°. The core purpose of installing guide fins on the inner wall at the nodes of the annular spiral duct is to precisely guide airflow. When air flows through the duct to the node, the airflow becomes complex due to changes in the duct's direction and cross-section, easily generating turbulence. The guide fins act like "guides" for airflow, changing its direction and directing it along a predetermined path, reducing disordered collisions and vortex generation at the node, thereby lowering the probability of turbulence. The design of the guide fins with a gradually decreasing inclination angle along the airflow direction, with a total decrease of 5°-15°, embodies profound aerodynamic principles. When air first enters the duct, its velocity is high and its direction changes significantly. At this point, a large-angle guide fin is needed to strongly guide and redirect the airflow, allowing it to quickly adapt to the change in duct orientation. As the airflow moves forward along the guide fin, its energy is gradually depleted, its velocity decreases, and its direction stabilizes. If the guide fin angle remains large at this stage, it will create excessive resistance to the airflow, hindering its smooth flow. Therefore, gradually decreasing the guide fin angle along the airflow direction by a total reduction of 5°-15° provides appropriate guiding force at different stages. This ensures smooth airflow redirection at the duct while reducing resistance in subsequent flow stages, maintaining a stable and orderly airflow within the duct.

[0042] Generally, the inner wall of the annular duct 1 is coated with an oleophobic coating with a thickness of 80-100 μm. In a marine environment, ventilation systems are often exposed to various oil contaminants, such as kitchen fumes and lubricating oil vapors from machinery. The 80-100 μm oleophobic coating on the inner wall of the annular duct 1 effectively prevents these oil contaminants from adhering. When oil contaminants come into contact with the inner wall of the duct with the airflow, they quickly form spherical shapes and roll off the coating surface due to the action of the oleophobic coating, preventing them from remaining and accumulating on the inner wall of the duct. This not only keeps the inner wall of the duct clean, reducing the problems of reduced duct diameter and increased ventilation resistance caused by oil contaminant adhesion and ensuring the smooth operation of the ventilation system, but also prevents the growth of bacteria and mold in the duct, improving the air quality in the cabin 3 and providing a healthier working and living environment for the crew.

[0043] Preferably, the outer wall of the annular duct 1 is provided with multiple vibration-damping bases. During ship operation, it is subjected to various complex external forces, such as the impact of waves, the vibration of the ship's engine, and the fluctuations caused by water currents during navigation. These external forces are transmitted to the ship's structure in the form of vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes. As an important component of the ship's ventilation system, the annular duct 1 is closely connected to the hull and is inevitably affected by these vibrations. The core principle of the multiple vibration-damping bases on the outer wall is to absorb and dissipate vibration energy by utilizing the deformation of elastic elements. When vibration is transmitted to the vibration-damping base, the elastic element (such as a spring, rubber, etc.) undergoes elastic deformation, converting the kinetic energy of the vibration into elastic potential energy. At the same time, during the deformation and recovery process of the elastic element, due to the friction inside the material and the interaction with the surrounding medium, some energy is dissipated in the form of heat, thereby reducing the vibration intensity transmitted to the annular duct 1 and achieving the effect of vibration reduction.

[0044] In the description herein, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and other orientations or positional relationships are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive distinction and have no special meaning.

[0045] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0046] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style of the specification is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0047] The technical principles of this application have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. These descriptions are merely for explaining the principles of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application in any way. Based on this explanation, those skilled in the art can readily conceive of other specific embodiments of this application without inventive effort, and these embodiments will all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An adaptive annular exhaust system, characterized in that, include: The system comprises an annular duct (1), at least two fans (2), and an adaptive control module. The annular duct (1) is connected to multiple compartments (3). The two fans (2) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the annular duct (1) and are also connected to outdoor exhaust vents. The adaptive control module is electrically connected to the fans (2). The adaptive control module includes multiple wind pressure sensors and a central controller. The multiple wind pressure sensors are correspondingly set at the exhaust vents of multiple compartments (3). The central controller is electrically connected to the wind pressure sensors and the fans (2) respectively. The adaptive control module is configured such that: the central controller receives the wind pressure values ​​detected by each wind pressure sensor and calculates the wind pressure standard deviation. When the wind pressure standard deviation exceeds a threshold, the central controller dynamically adjusts the power distribution of the two fans (2). The central controller executes the following control logic: with the target wind pressure P0 as a reference, calculate the deviation value ΔP of the real-time wind pressure Pi of each compartment (3) ΔP = |Pi - P0│; The deviation value ΔP is weighted and summed, and the weight coefficient is positively correlated with the pipe distance between the cabin (3) and the fan (2); According to the weighted deviation and the dynamically generated power compensation coefficients K1 and K2, K1+K2=1; The power of the two fans (2) is adjusted to W1=K1*Wa and W2=K2*Wb respectively by the central controller, where Wa and Wb are the original operating power of the two fans (2); It also includes a fault detection module, which is used to detect the operating status of the two fans (2) and is electrically connected to the adaptive control module; When the fault detection module detects a fault in one of the fans (2), the central controller controls the faulty fan (2) to stop running and controls the power of the other fan (2) to gradually increase to the maximum operating power; The specific control logic for controlling the power of the other fan (2) to gradually increase to the maximum operating power is as follows: Increase the power by 15% every 2 minutes and maintain it for 10 seconds until the maximum operating power is reached.

2. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weighting coefficient is set according to the pipe distance between the compartment (3) and the fan (2), wherein: for compartments (3) with a distance ≤ 5m, the weighting coefficient is 0.3; for compartments (3) with a distance < 5m and a distance ≤ 10m, the weighting coefficient is 0.6; and for compartments (3) with a distance > 10m, the weighting coefficient is 1.

0.

3. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular duct (1) is a spiral duct with a diameter of 160 mm, and a turbulence suppression structure is provided at the node of the spiral duct.

4. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The turbulence suppression structure is a flow guide fin disposed on the inner wall. The tilt angle of the flow guide fin gradually decreases along the airflow direction, and the total decrease is 5°-15°.

5. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the annular duct (1) is coated with an oleophobic coating.

6. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness of the oleophobic coating is 80-100 μm.

7. The adaptive annular exhaust system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the annular duct (1) is provided with multiple shock-absorbing bases.

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