A tunnel boring machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of full-face rock tunnel boring machine, and particularly relates to a tunnel boring machine, which comprises a cutter head, a main drive, a shield and a main beam support and propulsion system, the cutter head comprises a cutter head body, an automatic turnover edge cutter seat structure, a detachable shovel cutter seat structure and a detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure, the automatic turnover edge cutter seat structure, the detachable shovel cutter seat structure and the detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure cooperate to realize the cutter head body back-off. The main drive is connected with the cutter head and drives the cutter head; the shield comprises a bracing arm and a shield bracing shoe and is used for bracing the shield; the main beam support and propulsion system comprises a propulsion bracing shoe and a rear support and is used for bracing the tunnel boring machine. The automatic turnover edge cutter seat structure, the detachable shovel cutter seat structure and the detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure in the present application make the cutter head have the functions of automatic expansion and contraction and detachability, the present application does not change the design of the cutter head body, ensures the structural strength of the hard rock cutter head and greatly improves the cutter head diameter reduction efficiency, and realizes efficient back-off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of full-face rock tunnel boring machine technology, and specifically to a tunnel boring machine. Background Technology

[0002] Rock tunnel excavation methods have undergone long-term development, mainly including manual drill and blast method and rock tunneling machine (TBM) excavation, and the construction technology is mature. Among them, the TBM has been widely used in China in recent years due to its high construction efficiency, safety and environmental protection, high degree of mechanization, and low labor intensity. In recent years, with the acceleration of underground space construction and underground resource extraction, and the development of design technology, underground tunnels have become increasingly complex, and the diversity of underground engineering excavation chambers has increased day by day. TBM equipment will face different geological conditions, different diameters, and different types of tunnels.

[0003] Meanwhile, modern underground space construction and underground resource extraction often involve complex multi-channel tunnels rather than single tunnels. In the mining industry, multi-stage Y-shaped tunnels are the most common type of multi-channel tunnel. When using the TBM method to construct Y-shaped tunnels, after excavating the first tunnel, the TBM equipment needs to be retracted to the intersection of the Y-shaped tunnels before a second launch to excavate the tunnel on the other side of the Y. Because one tunnel has already been excavated at the intersection, starting the second launch inevitably results in the TBM's stabilization system failing to reach the tunnel wall, and this stabilization distance continuously increases. This also places higher demands on the difficulty and efficiency of the TBM cutterhead's retraction and diameter adjustment. Existing TBMs are not suitable for launching Y-shaped tunnels.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need for a tunnel boring machine that can easily retract its cutterhead and be used for starting Y-shaped tunnels to solve the existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel boring machine, and the specific technical solution is as follows: A tunnel boring machine, comprising: The cutter head includes a cutter head body, an automatic rotating side cutter holder structure, a detachable scraper holder structure, and a detachable outer wear-resistant structure. The automatic rotating side cutter holder structure includes an outer cutter holder plate, a pin shaft, a movable inner cutter holder plate, a side rolling cutter holder cylinder, and a cylinder piping system. The outer cutter holder plate is connected to the cutter head body, and the movable inner cutter holder plate is connected to the outer cutter holder plate via a pin shaft. The movable inner cutter holder plate is connected to the cutter head body via a side rolling cutter holder cylinder, which is connected to the cylinder piping system. The automatic rotating side cutter holder structure, the detachable scraper holder structure, and the detachable outer wear-resistant structure work together to achieve the retraction of the cutter head body. Main drive, connected to and drives the cutter head; The shield includes a tensioning arm and a shield support boot, which work together to tension the shield. The main beam support and propulsion system includes a propulsion shoe and a rear support, which work together to tighten the tunnel boring machine.

[0006] Optionally, the detachable shovel holder structure includes a shovel holder base plate, a detachable shovel holder, and a shovel blade connected in sequence. The shovel holder base plate is detachably connected to the detachable shovel holder, and the shovel blade is detachably connected to the detachable shovel holder.

[0007] Optionally, the blade holder base plate and the detachable blade holder are provided with matching boss limiting structures to improve the structural strength after installation.

[0008] Optionally, the detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure includes a mounting base and a detachable wear-resistant ring. The mounting base is disposed on the cutter head body, and the detachable wear-resistant ring is detachably connected to the mounting base.

[0009] Optionally, the automatic flipping side blade holder structure, the detachable scraper holder structure, and the detachable outer wear-resistant structure work together to achieve the retraction of the blade disc body, as follows: When the tunnel boring machine completes the excavation of the adit and is ready to retreat, the outer circumferential roller cutter and shovel cutter of the cutterhead are disassembled in advance; Control the operation of the side hob holder cylinder to push the top of the movable inner cutter holder plate to rotate and hold it in place; The detachable blade holder and detachable wear ring are disassembled, and the blade disc body retracts with the whole machine; Before the tunnel boring machine retracts to the main tunnel and restarts, the control cylinder of the side cutter head is activated to pull the movable inner cutter head plate back into place. After the movable inner cutter head plate is in place, the cutter head, detachable shovel head, shovel, and detachable wear-resistant ring are installed, and the machine restarts.

[0010] Optionally, the shield further includes a top shield, a left overlapping shield, a right overlapping shield, a left side shield, a right side shield, and a bottom shield, wherein: The top shield is located at the top of the shield and is connected to the main drive through a guide sleeve and a top shield cylinder. The guide sleeve of the top shield is equipped with shield support shoes, which are connected to the top shield through a lifting cylinder. The left overlapping shield is located on the upper left of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield and the other end overlapping the left side shield; The right-side overlapping shield is located on the upper right side of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield and the other end overlapping the right-side shield. The left and right shields are located on the left and right sides of the shield and are connected to the main drive through guide sleeves and side shield cylinders. The guide sleeves of the side shields are equipped with shield support shoes, which are connected to the top shield through lifting cylinders. The bottom shield is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the left and right shields by bolts, and is used to support the main drive and the shield; The tensioning arm is located on the guide sleeves of the left and right shields. A rotary motor is installed at its connection point to drive the tensioning arm to rotate. The tensioning arm is equipped with a telescopic cylinder to achieve multi-stage telescopic movement. The shield supports multiple boots, which are respectively installed on the top shield, left side shield and right side shield. The shield supports extend under the action of the lifting cylinder and complete the shield tensioning.

[0011] Optional shield tightening includes: Under normal operating conditions, the lifting cylinders on the shield are fully retracted, the tensioning arm is retracted, and the telescopic arm is pointing towards the bottom of the tunnel. When the distance requiring the shield to be held tight is constantly increasing: 1) First-stage expansion: Loosen the bolts connecting the bottom shield to the left and right shields. The shield cylinders connecting the bottom shield, left shield, and right shield to the main drive extend. The bottom shield, left shield, and right shield expand outward along the guide post. The bolts connecting the bottom shield to the left and right shields are then reconnected. 2) Secondary extension: The shield support boot extends out from the sleeve of the shield under the action of the lifting cylinder; 3) Three-stage telescopic: The shield support boots retract, and the tensioning arm rotates 90° under the action of the rotary motor, so that the extension direction of the tensioning arm is towards the tunnel wall, and the tensioning arm is extended through the internal telescopic cylinder. 4) Fourth-stage extension: The support arm of the shield support boot extends a second time.

[0012] Optionally, the main beam support propulsion system also includes the main beam, main thrust cylinder, auxiliary thrust cylinder, and saddle frame; The front end of the main beam is connected to the main drive. The main push cylinder is located on both sides of the main beam. One end of the main push cylinder is connected to the support shoe, and the other end is connected to the front end of the main beam or to the main drive. The number of auxiliary push cylinders is at least two, and at least one auxiliary push cylinder is provided on the upper and lower sides of the main beam respectively. The saddle is mounted on the main beam and is slidably disposed relative to the main beam. The number of support boots is at least two, with at least one support boot on each of the left and right sides of the saddle frame.

[0013] The rear support connects to the tail of the main beam.

[0014] Optionally, the saddle frame includes an upper support shoe, an upper part of the saddle frame, a middle part of the saddle frame, a lower part of the saddle frame, a lower support shoe, and upper and lower tensioning cylinders; The main body of the saddle frame is composed of the upper part, middle part and lower part of the saddle frame connected together, and the main beam passes through the middle of the main body of the saddle frame; the upper support shoe and the lower support shoe are respectively connected to an upper and lower tensioning cylinder; One end of the auxiliary push cylinder is connected to the upper and lower parts of the saddle frame, and the other end is connected to the main beam.

[0015] Optionally, the rear support includes a rear support frame, rear support legs, support cylinders, steering cylinders, and a guide device; The rear support frame and the rear support leg are connected together by a support cylinder and a steering cylinder, and the guide device is set in the middle position between the rear support frame and the rear support leg.

[0016] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) This invention provides a tunnel boring machine that addresses the starting problem of Y-shaped tunnels. By designing key small components that affect the retraction of the cutterhead of a TBM hard rock tunnel boring machine, the cutterhead is equipped with automatic telescopic and detachable functions without changing the base design of the cutterhead. This ensures the structural strength of the hard rock cutterhead and greatly improves the cutterhead diameter reduction efficiency, thus achieving efficient retraction.

[0017] (2) This invention designs the heavy, easy-to-disassemble but difficult-to-transport structure, such as the roller cutter holder, into an automated hydraulic cylinder extension and retraction mechanism, which greatly improves the diameter reduction efficiency. In addition, this invention designs the lighter and fewer structures, such as the shovel holder and the outer wear-resistant part, into a directly detachable type, which reduces the difficulty and complexity of cutter head maintenance and operation, while ensuring simple and quick retraction during diameter reduction. The detachable shovel holder structure proposed in this invention also solves the problem of frequent damage to the TBM cutter head shovel holder, which makes it impossible to install shovel teeth and thus affects the slag removal efficiency; the damaged shovel holder can be directly replaced by bolts, eliminating the need to stop the machine and spend a lot of time planing, positioning, and re-riveting a new shovel holder.

[0018] (3) The shield in this invention has a multi-level telescopic function, which can achieve a large range of tension; the left and right and up and down support boots are arranged, which is highly adaptable; in addition, the left and right and up and down support boots have independent power systems. If one system has a problem, it can be replaced immediately, which improves the work efficiency. (4) The present invention has two sets of support and propulsion systems. When encountering unfavorable strata or when the machine is stuck, the two systems can work simultaneously to get out of trouble. Among them, the rear support system of the present invention has a steering function and is flexible in use.

[0019] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the figures. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Side view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic flipping edge knife holder structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable scraper holder structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view along axis AA; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the detachable outer wear-resistant structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shield structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main beam support propulsion system in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the saddle frame in a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the rear support structure in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Among them, 1-cutter head, 11-cutter head body, 12-automatic flip-side cutter holder structure, 1201-outer cutter holder plate, 1202-pin, 1203-movable inner cutter holder plate, 1204-side rolling cutter holder cylinder, 1205-cylinder pipeline system, 13-detachable scraper holder structure, 1301-scraper holder base plate, 1302-detachable scraper holder, 1303-scraper, 14-detachable outer wear-resistant structure, 1401-mounting base 1401, 1402-detachable wear-resistant ring; 2-Main drive; 3-Shield, 31-Top shield, 32-Left overlapping shield, 33-Right overlapping shield, 34-Left side shield, 35-Right side shield, 36-Bottom shield, 37-Stabilizing arm, 38-Shield supporting boot; 4-Main beam support and propulsion system, 41-Main beam, 42-Main thrust cylinder, 43-Auxiliary thrust cylinder, 44-Saddle frame, 4401-Upper support shoe, 4402-Upper part of saddle frame, 4403-Middle part of saddle frame, 4404-Lower part of saddle frame, 4405-Lower support shoe, 4406-Upper and lower tensioning cylinders, 45-Propulsion support shoe, 46-Rear support, 4601-Rear support frame, 4602-Rear support leg, 4603-Support cylinder, 4604-Directional cylinder, 4605-Guiding device. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1-10 As shown, this embodiment provides a tunnel boring machine, including: Cutter head 1, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cutter head 1 includes a cutter head body 11, an automatic rotating side cutter holder structure 12, a detachable scraper holder structure 13, and a detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure 14. The automatic rotating side cutter holder structure 12 includes an outer cutter holder plate 1201, a pin 1202, a movable inner cutter holder plate 1203, a side rolling cutter holder cylinder 1204, and a cylinder pipeline system 1205. The outer cutter holder plate 1201 is connected to the cutter head body 11, and the movable inner cutter holder plate 1203 is connected to the outer cutter holder plate 1201 via the pin 1202. The movable inner cutter holder plate 1203 is connected to the cutter head body 11 via the side rolling cutter holder cylinder 1204. The side rolling cutter holder cylinder 1204 is connected to the cylinder pipeline system 1205. The automatic rotating side cutter holder structure 12, the detachable scraper holder structure 13, and the detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure 14 cooperate to achieve the retraction of the cutter head body 11. Main drive 2 connects to and drives cutter head 1; in this embodiment, main drive 2 is a conventional main drive. Shield 3, which includes a tensioning arm 37 and a shield support boot 38, the tensioning arm 37 and the shield support boot 38 working together to tension the shield 3; The main beam support and propulsion system 4 includes a propulsion support shoe 45 and a rear support 46, which work together to tighten the tunnel boring machine.

[0025] This embodiment provides a cutterhead structure that facilitates retraction. For a hard rock tunneling machine cutterhead to achieve large-clearance retraction on one side, one of the influencing factors is the side cutter holder. In conventional designs, the cutter holder is welded to the cutterhead body 11, and a single-sided protrusion affects retraction. The protruding part is the load-bearing structure of the cutter and cannot be directly cut off. For example... Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment provides an automatic flipping edge tool holder structure 12, which divides the conventional welded outer tool holder into two parts, consisting of an outer tool holder plate 1201 and an inner tool holder plate 1203. The outer tool holder plate 1201 is fixed to the cutter head body 11 by welding, and its external dimensions are controlled within the required retraction diameter. The inner tool holder plate 1203 is connected and fixed to the outer tool holder plate 1201 by a pin 1202, and bolt connections can be added to further enhance structural stability. At the same time, the inner tool holder plate 1203 is connected to the cutter head body 11 by a hydraulic cylinder 1204. During retraction, the hydraulic cylinder 1204 extends to push out and flip the inner tool holder plate 1203, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the diameter of the cutter head edge hobbing tool holder.

[0026] Furthermore, the cutter head body 11 in this embodiment is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder observation hole for wiring and maintenance of the hydraulic cylinder pipeline system 1205. The hydraulic cylinder pipeline system 1205 converges inward along the cutter head body 11 and connects to the hydraulic pump through the center of rotation of the cutter head.

[0027] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the detachable scraper holder structure 13 in this embodiment includes a scraper holder base plate 1301, a detachable scraper holder 1302, and a scraper 1303 connected in sequence. The scraper holder base plate 1301 is detachably connected to the detachable scraper holder 1302, and the scraper 1303 is detachably connected to the detachable scraper holder 1302. Furthermore, the scraper holder base plate 1301 and the detachable scraper holder 1302 are provided with matching boss limiting structures to improve the structural strength after installation.

[0028] It should be noted that one of the influencing factors for the cutterhead of a hard rock tunnel boring machine to achieve large-clearance single-sided retraction is the blade holder. In conventional designs, the blade holder is welded to the cutterhead body 11, and a single-sided protrusion affects the retraction. The protruding part is the load-bearing structure of the blade and cannot be directly cut off. This embodiment designs a detachable blade holder structure 13, which divides the conventional welded blade holder into two parts, consisting of a blade holder base plate 1301 and a detachable blade holder 1302. The two are fixed together with bolts, and a boss limiting structure is designed to ensure installation accuracy and structural strength. The blade holder base plate 1301 is welded and fixed to the cutterhead body 11, and its outer dimensions are controlled within the retraction diameter. The blade 1303 is bolted to the detachable blade holder 1302 and is designed as a wedge-shaped structure along its force direction to ensure its stress performance and structural stability.

[0029] like Figure 6As shown, the detachable outer wear-resistant structure 14 in this embodiment includes a mounting base 1401 and a detachable wear-resistant ring 1402. The mounting base 1401 is disposed on the cutter head body 11, and the detachable wear-resistant ring 1402 is detachably connected to the mounting base 1401.

[0030] It should be noted that one of the influencing factors for achieving large-clearance single-sided retraction of the cutterhead in hard rock tunnel boring machines is the wear resistance of the outer circumference of the disc. In conventional designs, the wear-resistant outer circumference is welded to the cutterhead body 11, and the single-sided protrusion affects the retraction. Since it has the key functions of protecting the disc body and preventing slag from entering the back of the cutterhead, this invention designs a detachable wear-resistant outer circumference structure 14, which consists of a mounting base 1401 and a detachable wear-resistant ring 1402. The two are fixed together by bolts and are configured in the cutter box on the outer circumference of the cutterhead. The bolts are designed inside the cutterhead, sharing the tool replacement space, making disassembly and installation more convenient. The detachable wear-resistant ring 1402 is welded from wear-resistant material and steel plate, ensuring both its wear resistance and load-bearing capacity. The mounting base 1401 is welded to the cutterhead body 11, providing mounting bolt holes while reconnecting the openings on the back of the cutterhead body 11, ensuring that the overall structural strength of the cutterhead remains unchanged.

[0031] In this embodiment, the automatic flipping side blade holder structure 12, the detachable scraper holder structure 13, and the detachable outer peripheral wear-resistant structure 14 work together to achieve the retraction of the blade disc body 11, as follows: When the tunnel boring machine completes the excavation of the adit and is ready to retreat, the outer circumferential roller cutter and the shovel cutter 1303 of the cutterhead are disassembled in advance; The control cylinder 1204 of the side hob holder is used to push and rotate the movable inner cutter holder plate 1203, and hold it in place after it is in position. Disassemble the detachable blade holder 1302 and the detachable wear ring 1402, and the blade body 11 will retract with the whole machine; Before the tunnel boring machine retracts to the main tunnel and restarts, the control cylinder 1204 of the side cutter head is activated to pull the movable inner cutter head plate 1203 back into place. After the movable inner cutter head plate 1203 is in place, the cutter head, the detachable shovel holder 1302, the shovel 1303 and the detachable wear-resistant ring 1402 are installed, and the machine restarts.

[0032] like Figure 7 As shown, the shield 3 in this embodiment also includes a top shield 31, a left overlapping shield 32, a right overlapping shield 33, a left side shield 34, a right side shield 35, and a bottom shield 36, wherein, The top shield 31 is located on top of the shield 3 and is connected to the main drive 2 through the guide sleeve and the top shield cylinder. The guide sleeve of the top shield 31 contains the shield support shoe 38, which is connected to the top shield 31 through the lifting cylinder. The left overlapping shield 32 is located on the upper left of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield 31 and the other end overlapping the left side shield 34; The right overlapping shield 33 is located on the upper right side of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield 31 and the other end overlapping the right side shield 35. The left shield 34 and the right shield 35 are located on the left and right sides of the shield 3, and are connected to the main drive 2 through the guide sleeve and the side shield cylinder. The guide sleeve of the side shield is equipped with the shield support shoe 38, and the shield support shoe 38 is connected to the top shield 31 through the lifting cylinder. The bottom shield 36 is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the left shield 34 and the right shield 35 by bolts, and is used to support the main drive 2 and the shield 3; The tensioning arm 37 is located on the guide sleeves of the left shield 34 and the right shield 35. A rotary motor is installed at its connection point to drive the tensioning arm 37 to rotate. The tensioning arm 37 is equipped with a telescopic cylinder to achieve multi-stage telescopic movement. Shield support boots 38 are provided on the shield 3. They are respectively set on the top shield 31, the left shield 34 and the right shield 35. The shield support boots 38 extend under the action of the lifting cylinder and complete the tensioning of the shield 3.

[0033] It should be noted that when the top shield 31, left shield 34 and right shield 35 expand in diameter, the left overlapping shield 32 and right overlapping shield 33 expand in diameter along with the top shield 31, but can always maintain overlap with the left shield 34 and right shield 35 to prevent soil from entering the interior of the shield 3.

[0034] In this embodiment, the shield 3 can achieve multi-stage expansion and contraction, and achieve a large-scale tightening. The tightening of the shield 3 specifically includes: Under normal operating conditions, the lifting cylinder on shield 3 is in a fully retracted state, the tensioning arm 37 is in a retracted state, and the telescopic arm is facing the bottom of the tunnel. When the distance that requires shield 3 to be held tight is constantly increasing: 1) First-stage expansion: Loosen the bolts connecting the bottom shield 36 with the left shield 34 and the right shield 35. The shield cylinders connecting the bottom shield 36, the left shield 34 and the right shield 35 to the main drive 2 extend. The bottom shield 36, the left shield 34 and the right shield 35 expand outward along the guide post. The bolts connecting the bottom shield 36 with the left shield 34 and the right shield 35 are then reconnected. 2) Secondary telescopic movement: Under the action of the lifting cylinder, the shield support boot 38 extends out from the sleeve of the shield 3; 3) Three-stage telescopic: The shield support boot 38 retracts, and the tensioning arm 37 rotates 90° under the action of the rotary motor, so that the extension direction of the tensioning arm 37 faces the tunnel wall, and the tensioning arm 37 extends through the internal telescopic cylinder. 4) Fourth-stage extension: The tensioning arm 37 of the shield support boot 38 extends a second time.

[0035] like Figure 8 As shown, the main beam support propulsion system 4 in this embodiment also includes a main beam 41, a main thrust cylinder 42, an auxiliary thrust cylinder 43, and a saddle frame 44; The front end of the main beam 41 is connected to the main drive 2; The main thrust cylinder 42 is located on both sides of the main beam 41. One end of the main thrust cylinder 42 is connected to the support shoe 45, and the other end is connected to the front end of the main beam 41 or to the main drive 2. The main thrust cylinder 42 is used to provide thrust for the cutterhead to advance. The number of auxiliary thrust cylinders 43 is at least two, and at least one auxiliary thrust cylinder 43 is provided on the upper and lower sides of the main beam 41 respectively; when the left and right support shoes cannot support the left and right tunnel walls, the auxiliary thrust cylinder 43 replaces the main thrust cylinder 42 to provide thrust for the cutterhead excavation. The saddle 44 is mounted on the main beam 41 and is slidably disposed relative to the main beam 41. The number of support boots 45 is at least two, and at least one support boot 45 is provided on each of the left and right sides of the saddle frame 44.

[0036] The rear support 46 is connected to the tail of the main beam 41. When the left and right support shoes are used for normal propulsion, the rear support 46 mainly serves to support the main beam 41; when the upper and lower support shoes are used, the rear support 46 not only serves to support the main beam 41, but also serves as a device for controlling the direction adjustment of the main unit.

[0037] like Figure 9 As shown, the saddle frame 44 includes an upper support shoe 4401, an upper part of the saddle frame 4402, a middle part of the saddle frame 4403, a lower part of the saddle frame 4404, a lower support shoe 4405, and upper and lower tensioning cylinders 4406. The main body of the saddle frame 44 is composed of the upper part 4402, the middle part 4403, and the lower part 4404 connected together. The main beam 41 passes through the middle of the main body of the saddle frame 44. The upper support shoe 4401 and the lower support shoe 4405 are respectively connected to an upper and lower tensioning cylinder 4406. The upper support shoe 4401 and the lower support shoe 4405 can be tensioned and retracted under the action of the upper and lower tensioning cylinders 4406. When the left and right support shoes 45 cannot support the left and right tunnel walls, the upper support shoe 4401 and the lower support shoe 4405 replace the support shoes 45 to provide a counter-thrust force for the cutterhead excavation. One end of the auxiliary push cylinder 43 is connected to the upper part 4402 and the lower part 4404 of the saddle frame, and the other end is connected to the main beam 41.

[0038] like Figure 10 As shown, the rear support 46 includes a rear support frame 4601, a rear support leg 4602, a support cylinder 4603, a steering cylinder 4604, and a guide device 4605. The rear support frame 4601 and the rear support leg 4602 are connected together by the support cylinder 4603 and the steering cylinder 4604, and the guide device 4605 is located at the middle position between the rear support frame 4601 and the rear support leg 4602.

[0039] The process of retraction using the tunnel boring machine in this embodiment is as follows: S1: When the tunneling machine completes the excavation of the branch tunnel and is ready to retract, the outer circumferential roller cutter and the shovel cutter 1303 of the cutterhead are disassembled in advance.

[0040] S2: Control the operation of the side hob holder cylinder 1204 to push and rotate the movable inner cutter holder plate 1203 of the side hob, and hold it in place.

[0041] S3: Remove the outer peripheral blade holder 1302 and the outer peripheral wear ring 1402. The blade disc retracts with the whole machine.

[0042] S4: Before the tunneling machine retracts to the main tunnel and restarts, control the side cutter holder cylinder 1204 to work, pull up the side cutter movable inner cutter holder plate 1203 back to its position, and install the cutter, outer shovel holder 1302, shovel 1303, and outer wear-resistant ring 1402 to restart.

[0043] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, include: The cutter head (1) includes a cutter head body (11), an automatic flipping side cutter holder structure (12), a detachable scraper holder structure (13), and a detachable outer wear-resistant structure (14). The automatic flipping side cutter holder structure (12) includes an outer cutter holder plate (1201), a pin shaft (1202), a movable inner cutter holder plate (1203), a side rolling cutter holder cylinder (1204), and a cylinder pipeline system (1205). The outer cutter holder plate (1201) is connected to the cutter head body (11). The movable inner cutter holder plate (1203) is connected to the outer cutter holder plate (1201) via a pin (1202), and the movable inner cutter holder plate (1203) is connected to the cutter head body (11) via a side rolling cutter holder cylinder (1204). The side rolling cutter holder cylinder (1204) is connected to the cylinder pipeline system (1205). The automatic flipping side cutter holder structure (12), the detachable scraper holder structure (13), and the detachable outer wear-resistant structure (14) work together to realize the retraction of the cutter head body (11). Main drive (2) connects to cutter head (1) and drives cutter head (1); The shield (3) includes a tensioning arm (37) and a shield support boot (38), which work together to tension the shield (3); The main beam support and propulsion system (4) includes a propulsion support shoe (45) and a rear support (46), which work together to tighten the tunnel boring machine.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detachable shovel holder structure (13) includes a shovel holder base plate (1301), a detachable shovel holder (1302), and a shovel (1303) connected in sequence. The shovel holder base plate (1301) is detachably connected to the detachable shovel holder (1302), and the shovel (1303) is detachably connected to the detachable shovel holder (1302).

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base plate (1301) of the blade holder and the detachable blade holder (1302) are provided with matching boss limiting structures to improve the structural strength after installation.

4. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The detachable outer wear-resistant structure (14) includes a mounting base (1401) and a detachable wear-resistant ring (1402). The mounting base (1401) is disposed on the cutter head body (11), and the detachable wear-resistant ring (1402) is detachably connected to the mounting base (1401).

5. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The automatic flip-up side blade holder structure (12), the detachable scraper holder structure (13), and the detachable outer wear-resistant structure (14) work together to achieve the retraction of the cutter head body (11), as follows: When the tunnel boring machine completes the excavation of the adit and is ready to retreat, the outer circumferential roller cutter and shovel cutter (1303) of the cutterhead are disassembled in advance. The control cylinder (1204) of the side hob holder is operated to push and rotate the movable inner cutter holder plate (1203) and hold it in place; The detachable blade holder (1302) and the detachable wear ring (1402) are disassembled, and the blade body (11) retracts with the whole machine; Before the tunnel boring machine retracts to the main tunnel and restarts, the control cylinder (1204) of the side cutter head is activated to pull the movable inner cutter head plate (1203) back into place. After the movable inner cutter head plate (1203) is in place, the cutter head, the detachable shovel head (1302), the shovel (1303) and the detachable wear-resistant ring (1402) are installed, and the machine restarts.

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shield (3) further includes a top shield (31), a left overlapping shield (32), a right overlapping shield (33), a left side shield (34), a right side shield (35), and a bottom shield (36), wherein, The top shield (31) is located at the top of the shield (3) and is connected to the main drive (2) through the guide sleeve and the top shield cylinder. The guide sleeve of the top shield (31) is equipped with a shield support shoe (38), and the shield support shoe (38) is connected to the top shield (31) through the lifting cylinder. The left overlapping shield (32) is located on the upper left of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield (31) and the other end overlapping the left side shield (34); The right overlapping shield (33) is located on the upper right side of the shield, with one end hinged to the top shield (31) and the other end overlapping the right side shield (35); The left shield (34) and the right shield (35) are located on the left and right sides of the shield (3), and are connected to the main drive (2) through the guide sleeve and the side shield cylinder. The guide sleeve of the side shield is equipped with shield support shoe (38), and the shield support shoe (38) is connected to the top shield (31) through the lifting cylinder. The bottom shield (36) is located at the bottom of the shield and is connected to the left shield (34) and the right shield (35) by bolts to support the main drive (2) and the shield (3). The tensioning arm (37) is located on the guide sleeves of the left shield (34) and the right shield (35). A rotary motor is installed at its connection point to drive the tensioning arm (37) to rotate. The tensioning arm (37) is equipped with a telescopic cylinder inside to achieve multi-stage telescopic movement. Shield support boots (38) are provided on the shield (3), and are respectively set on the top shield (31), the left shield (34) and the right shield (35). The shield support boots (38) extend under the action of the lifting cylinder and complete the shield (3) to tighten.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shield (3) is tightened by: Under normal working conditions, the lifting cylinder on the shield (3) is in a fully retracted state, the tensioning arm (37) is in a retracted state, and the telescopic arm is facing the bottom of the tunnel. When the distance that requires shields (3) to be held tight is constantly increasing: 1) First-stage expansion: Loosen the bolt connection between the bottom shield (36) and the left shield (34) and the right shield (35). The shield cylinders of the bottom shield (36), the left shield (34) and the right shield (35) connected to the main drive (2) extend. The bottom shield (36) and the left shield (34) and the right shield (35) expand outward along the guide post. The bolts between the bottom shield (36) and the left shield (34) and the right shield (35) are reconnected. 2) Secondary telescopic movement: The shield support boot (38) extends out from the sleeve of the shield (3) under the action of the lifting cylinder; 3) Three-stage telescopic: The shield support boot (38) retracts, and the tension arm (37) rotates 90° under the action of the rotary motor, so that the tension arm (37) extends towards the tunnel wall, and the tension arm (37) extends through the internal telescopic cylinder. 4) Fourth-level extension: The support arm (37) of the shield support boot (38) extends a second time.

8. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main beam support propulsion system (4) also includes the main beam (41), the main thrust cylinder (42), the auxiliary thrust cylinder (43), and the saddle frame (44). The front end of the main beam (41) is connected to the main drive (2); The main push cylinder (42) is located on both sides of the main beam (41). One end of the main push cylinder (42) is connected to the support shoe (45), and the other end is connected to the front end of the main beam (41) or to the main drive (2). The number of auxiliary push cylinders (43) is at least two, and at least one auxiliary push cylinder (43) is provided on the upper and lower sides of the main beam (41). The saddle (44) is mounted on the main beam (41), and the saddle (44) is slidably arranged back and forth relative to the main beam (41); The number of support boots (45) is at least two, and at least one support boot (45) is provided on the left and right sides of the saddle frame (44). The rear support (46) is connected to the tail of the main beam (41).

9. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 8, characterized in that, The saddle frame (44) includes an upper support shoe (4401), an upper part of the saddle frame (4402), a middle part of the saddle frame (4403), a lower part of the saddle frame (4404), a lower support shoe (4405), and upper and lower tensioning cylinders (4406). The main body of the saddle frame (44) is composed of the upper part (4402), the middle part (4403) and the lower part (4404) of the saddle frame. The main beam (41) passes through the middle of the main body of the saddle frame (44). The upper support shoe (4401) and the lower support shoe (4405) are respectively connected to an upper and lower tensioning cylinder (4406). One end of the auxiliary push cylinder (43) is connected to the upper part (4402) and the lower part (4404) of the saddle frame, and the other end is connected to the main beam (41).

10. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rear support (46) includes a rear support frame (4601), a rear support leg (4602), a support cylinder (4603), a steering cylinder (4604), and a guide device (4605). The rear support frame (4601) and the rear support leg (4602) are connected together by the support cylinder (4603) and the steering cylinder (4604), and the guide device (4605) is located in the middle position between the rear support frame (4601) and the rear support leg (4602).

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