A real-time tracking solar energy optical fiber guiding system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, and discloses a real-time tracking solar energy optical fiber introduction system.The system comprises a solar position data acquisition module, a model establishment and illumination intensity classification module, a weak light intensity optical fiber introduction module and a strong light intensity optical fiber introduction module;firstly, solar position data is acquired, a solar light perpendicular incidence model is established according to the solar position data, and the illumination intensity is divided into strong light intensity and weak light intensity;under weak light intensity, the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized based on the solar light perpendicular incidence model, a sun-tracking controller is established, and solar energy optical fiber introduction under weak light intensity is realized;under strong light intensity, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy optical fiber is adjusted in real time, and a position correction is performed using a fiber coupling dynamic compensation mechanism, so that solar energy optical fiber introduction under strong light intensity is realized.The present application realizes the purpose of solar energy optical fiber introduction by collecting solar energy, and the method is objective and accurate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of solar energy utilization, specifically to a real-time tracking optical fiber system for guiding solar energy. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, direct solar energy utilization technology has demonstrated significant application value in areas such as building energy conservation, indoor lighting, and plant factories. Traditional solar energy utilization mainly relies on two major technical routes: photovoltaic power generation and photothermal conversion. However, these methods suffer from limitations such as photoelectric conversion efficiency constrained by material properties and high costs associated with energy storage systems. In recent years, fiber-optic-based direct solar energy import technology has attracted attention due to its zero-energy conversion characteristics.

[0003] The solar energy fiber optic transmission system is a high-tech product on the market that uses automatic and precise solar tracking, high-tech lens light collection, fiber optic transmission, and safety lighting fixtures to transmit pure sunlight to living spaces lacking sunlight. It collects sunlight by actively tracking the sun with high precision outdoors, and then transmits the sunlight to indoor lighting fixtures through optical cables, where it is then projected into the indoor lighting.

[0004] Traditional methods of introducing solar energy through optical fibers typically rely on fixed installations or simple single-axis or dual-axis tracking systems. These systems lack efficient dynamic tracking mechanisms, making it impossible to achieve high-precision real-time tracking and resulting in low light energy collection efficiency. At the same time, equipment errors and environmental factors such as weather conditions lead to poor applicability of solar energy fiber optic systems, making it difficult to solve the problem of poor building lighting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems in related technologies, the present invention provides a real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] This invention is a real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system, specifically including: a solar position data acquisition module, a model building and light intensity classification module, a weak light intensity fiber optic import module, and a strong light intensity fiber optic import module.

[0008] The solar position data acquisition module is used to calculate the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar incident position to obtain solar position data;

[0009] The model building and light intensity classification module is used to build a vertical sunlight incidence model based on the sun's position data, and then classify the light intensity to obtain strong light intensity and weak light intensity.

[0010] The low light intensity fiber optic import module is used to establish a PID controller under low light intensity. Based on the vertical incidence model of sunlight, the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized to establish a sun-tracking controller and realize the import of solar energy into optical fiber under low light intensity.

[0011] The high-intensity optical fiber import module is used to adjust the outdoor light collector of the solar energy optical fiber in real time under high light intensity, and introduces a dynamic compensation mechanism for optical fiber coupling to correct the position, so as to realize the import of solar energy optical fiber under high light intensity.

[0012] Preferably, the calculation of the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and the incident position of sunlight to obtain solar position data includes:

[0013] By taking the Earth's center as the origin of the equatorial coordinate system, the location of the outdoor light collector for the solar energy fiber is determined, and the equatorial coordinate system is established. The solar declination angle and solar hour angle are calculated. Then, a horizontal coordinate system is established, and the transformation relationship between the equatorial coordinate system and the horizontal coordinate system is obtained, resulting in the coordinate axis transformation formula.

[0014] The latitude coordinates of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber are obtained. Combined with the solar declination angle and solar hour angle, the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle are calculated. The incident position of sunlight is determined by the coordinate axis transformation formula, and the solar position data is obtained.

[0015] Preferably, establishing the solar perpendicular incidence model based on solar position data includes:

[0016] In the horizontal coordinate system, the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is located is calculated based on the solar position data, ensuring that the incident position of sunlight in the solar position data coincides with the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is located, and establishing a vertical sunlight incidence model.

[0017] Preferably, the further classification of light intensity into strong light intensity and weak light intensity includes:

[0018] Light intensity is acquired using photoelectric sensors to obtain a set of light intensity data for solar energy optical fibers, and the time points at which the light intensity is acquired are recorded sequentially to generate a light intensity time series.

[0019] Set a first light intensity threshold, a second light intensity threshold, and a time threshold;

[0020] When the duration of the light intensity time series exceeds a time threshold, the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is greater than or equal to the first light intensity threshold is recorded as strong light intensity; the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is less than the first light intensity threshold but greater than the second light intensity threshold is recorded as weak light intensity; and the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is less than or equal to the second light intensity threshold is recorded as zero light intensity. Under the zero light intensity, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber stops tracking the light and stops the introduction of solar energy fiber.

[0021] Preferably, the step of establishing a PID controller under low light intensity and optimizing the control parameters in the PID controller includes:

[0022] Under low light intensity, the control parameters in the PID controller are set to include proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and derivative coefficient. The PID controller is established using the solar tracking algorithm. The solar position data is used as the input of the PID controller. The output is the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber. The error between the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber and the target tracking angle is calculated and recorded as the integral time squared error. The integral time squared error is used as the control objective function.

[0023] The process of finding the optimal fitness function value by using the control objective function as the fitness function is the process of finding the minimum integral time squared error. The Magnificent Slender-tailed Wren algorithm is used to optimize the control parameters in the PID controller to obtain the optimized control parameters.

[0024] Preferably, the optimization of the control parameters in the PID controller using the Magnificent Wren algorithm includes:

[0025] The process of finding the optimal fitness function is regarded as a search space. It is assumed that there is a population of Magnificent Wrens in the search space, the population size of Magnificent Wrens is p, the population dimension of Magnificent Wrens is q, and the position of an individual Magnificent Wren in the population represents a candidate solution. The candidate solution includes a proportional coefficient, an integral coefficient, and a differential coefficient. The process of iterating the position of an individual Magnificent Wren is regarded as the process of optimizing the control parameters.

[0026] Initialize the population of Magnificent Wrens. At this time, the population of Magnificent Wrens has entered the juvenile growth stage. Set the current iteration number as t, update the individual positions of Magnificent Wrens, and obtain the new individual positions of Magnificent Wrens.

[0027] The population of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler has entered the breeding and feeding stage. A risk threshold is introduced to quantify the risk of the population. Maturity is used to describe the local exploration ability of the population. The location of new Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler individuals is updated based on the risk threshold and maturity.

[0028] The Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population enters the predator avoidance phase. The Levy flight simulation is introduced to model the individual flight process of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warblers. The positions of the new Magnificent Swan-tailed Warblers are then updated, completing all stages of the t-th iteration and generating a new Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population. The next iteration begins. Iteration continues until the current iteration count reaches the maximum iteration count, at which point it stops, yielding the final Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population. The optimal fitness function value corresponding to the position of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler is then identified, resulting in optimized control parameters.

[0029] Preferably, the establishment of the sun-tracking controller to realize the optical fiber introduction of solar energy under low light intensity includes:

[0030] The optimized control parameters include optimized proportional coefficient, optimized integral coefficient, and optimized derivative coefficient, which are input into the PID controller to obtain the optimized PID controller. The optimized PID controller is regarded as a solar tracking controller. The solar tracking controller is used to adjust the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber and conduct solar energy through the optical cable to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under low light intensity.

[0031] Preferably, the outdoor light collector that adjusts the solar energy fiber in real time under strong light intensity includes:

[0032] Under strong light intensity, a ring photodetector is arranged to form a photoelectric sensor group. A rectangular coordinate system is established on the photoelectric sensor group, and the offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group is calculated.

[0033] When the horizontal and vertical offsets of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system are equal to 0, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber does not rotate.

[0034] When the lateral offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system is greater than 0, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system.

[0035] When the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group has a longitudinal offset greater than 0 in the rectangular coordinate system, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the positive longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the negative longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system, thus completing the real-time adjustment of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber.

[0036] Preferably, the step of introducing a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling to correct the position and realize the fiber optic introduction of solar energy under strong light intensity includes:

[0037] A dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber optic coupling is introduced. The photoelectric sensor group measures the current value, calculates the lateral and longitudinal errors, obtains the compensation angle, and uses the compensation angle to correct the position of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber.

[0038] When the lateral error is greater than the longitudinal error, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Specifically, when the compensation angle is greater than 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system, and when the compensation angle is less than or equal to 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Dynamic compensation is achieved, and then solar energy is transmitted through the optical cable to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity.

[0039] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. This invention establishes a vertical sunlight incidence model, dividing the light intensity into strong and weak light intensities, ensuring that the sunlight always enters the outdoor light collector perpendicularly, thus guaranteeing the high efficiency of solar energy absorption. At the same time, by dividing the light intensity and considering different weather conditions, a multi-strategy hybrid fiber optic import method is adopted to solve the stability problem under cloudy weather or shading conditions.

[0041] 2. This invention establishes a PID controller under low light intensity and optimizes the control parameters of the PID controller using the Magnificent Slender-tailed Warbler algorithm to create a solar tracking controller, enabling the fiber optic introduction of solar energy under low light intensity. By combining PID control and optimization algorithms, the control signal is adjusted to calculate the control quantity, achieving precise angle tracking and greatly improving the control effect. Compared with other algorithms, the Magnificent Slender-tailed Warbler algorithm has a faster convergence speed and the ability to escape local optima, making the angle tracking speed of the solar tracking controller faster and the system response time shorter, ensuring efficient solar tracking under low light intensity.

[0042] 3. This invention cleverly eliminates internal errors in measuring equipment by adjusting the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber in real time under strong light intensity, using the area of ​​the solar spot, and introduces a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling for position correction. It can correct deviations in real time through closed-loop feedback, reduce transmission loss, maximize the utilization of solar energy resources, realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity, and solve the problem of poor building lighting.

[0043] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For those skilled in the art, the drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This invention provides a flowchart illustrating a real-time tracking method for introducing solar energy into optical fibers. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Traditional methods of introducing solar energy through optical fibers typically rely on fixed installations or simple single-axis or dual-axis tracking systems. These systems lack efficient dynamic tracking mechanisms, making it impossible to achieve high-precision real-time tracking and resulting in low light energy collection efficiency. At the same time, equipment errors and environmental factors such as weather conditions lead to poor applicability of solar energy fiber optic systems, making it difficult to solve the problem of poor building lighting.

[0048] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system, specifically comprising: a solar position data acquisition module, a model building and light intensity classification module, a weak light intensity fiber optic import module, and a strong light intensity fiber optic import module. The solar position data acquisition module calculates the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar incidence position to obtain solar position data. The model building and light intensity classification module establishes a solar vertical incidence model based on the solar position data and then classifies the light intensity into strong and weak light intensities. The weak light intensity fiber optic import module establishes a PID controller under weak light intensity, optimizes the control parameters in the PID controller based on the solar vertical incidence model, establishes a sun-tracking controller, and realizes solar energy fiber optic import under weak light intensity. The strong light intensity fiber optic import module adjusts the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber in real time under strong light intensity and introduces a fiber coupling dynamic compensation mechanism for position correction to realize solar energy fiber optic import under strong light intensity.

[0049] In the specific implementation of the above embodiments, firstly, an equatorial coordinate system and a horizontal coordinate system are established to calculate the solar declination angle and solar hour angle. Then, GPS is used to obtain the latitude coordinates of the outdoor light collector location of the solar-powered fiber optic cable, calculating the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle to determine the solar incidence position and obtain solar position data. Different coordinate systems are appropriately used to calculate the solar angle, improving the accuracy and practicality of the solar angle calculation and laying the foundation for subsequent adjustments to the outdoor light collector of the solar-powered fiber optic cable. Secondly, a vertical solar incidence model is established based on the solar position data to ensure the detection and tracking of the focus point. Light intensity is divided into strong and weak light intensities, taking into account various weather conditions. This light intensity division facilitates the use of a multi-strategy hybrid fiber optic import method, resolving applicability issues under cloudy or obstructed conditions. This significantly reduces equipment wear while maintaining light collection efficiency. Under weak light intensity, a solar tracking algorithm is used to establish a PID controller. Solar position data is used as the input to the PID controller, and the output is the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector on the solar-powered fiber optic cable. Based on the aforementioned vertical solar incidence model, the Magnificent Wren algorithm is used to adjust the control parameters in the PID controller. Optimization was performed, using the individual positions of the Magnificent Swan-warbler to represent the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients, to establish a solar tracking controller. This enables the fiber optic import of solar energy under low light intensity. Combining PID control and optimization algorithms significantly improves control performance. Compared to other algorithms, the Magnificent Swan-warbler algorithm exhibits faster convergence speed and the ability to escape local optima, resulting in faster angle tracking and shorter system response time for the solar tracking controller. This ensures efficient solar tracking under low light intensity, providing an effective solution for light energy harvesting in low-light environments. Under strong light intensity, the group... A photoelectric sensor array is constructed, and the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is adjusted in real time by calculating the offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor array. A dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling is introduced, and the rotation angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is finely adjusted after calculating the compensation angle. This enables the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity, cleverly eliminates the internal error of the measurement equipment, and introduces a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling to correct deviations in real time through closed-loop feedback, reduce transmission loss, maximize the utilization of solar energy resources, and solve the problem of poor building lighting.

[0050] Furthermore, to better illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, based on the above-mentioned real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a real-time tracking method for optical fiber transmission of solar energy, specifically including the following:

[0051] S1. Establish an equatorial coordinate system, calculate the solar declination angle and solar hour angle based on the equatorial coordinate system, then establish a horizontal coordinate system, obtain the transformation relationship between the equatorial coordinate system and the horizontal coordinate system, calculate the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle and the position of sunlight incidence, and obtain the solar position data.

[0052] S1 includes the following steps:

[0053] S11. Taking the Earth's center as the origin O of the equatorial coordinate system, determine the location of the outdoor light collector for the solar power fiber, and establish the equatorial coordinate system O-XYZ, where the X-axis of the equatorial coordinate system points towards the solar power fiber.

[0054] The outdoor light collector is located at the intersection of the meridian and the Earth's equator. The Z-axis points towards the Earth's polar axis (North Pole). Using the right-hand rule, the thumb points to the right, corresponding to the positive X-axis; the middle finger, perpendicular to the palm, corresponds to the positive Z-axis; and the index finger points upwards, corresponding to the positive Y-axis. Let m be the m-th day of the year; then the solar declination angle on day m is... Obtain the current time and current time difference, and record the sum of the current time and current time difference as the true solar time a of the outdoor light collector position of the solar energy fiber. At this time, the solar time angle β = (a-12)·15°.

[0055] S12. Taking the location of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber as the origin O′ of the horizontal coordinate system, and using the due south, due east, and zenith directions of the outdoor light collector location as the X′, Y′, and Z′ axes of the horizontal coordinate system, respectively, a horizontal coordinate system O′-X′Y′Z′ is established. The latitude coordinates of the outdoor light collector location of the solar fiber are obtained, and the unit vectors of the equatorial coordinate system are set as follows: and The unit vectors of the horizontal coordinate system are respectively and At this point, establishing the transformation relationship between the equatorial coordinate system and the horizontal coordinate system yields the following formula for the coordinate axis transformation:

[0056]

[0057] Where χ represents the latitude coordinate of the location of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber;

[0058] The solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and the position of solar incidence are calculated in the horizontal and equatorial coordinate systems. The specific steps are as follows:

[0059] S121. Based on the solar declination angle, solar hour angle, and the latitude coordinates of the outdoor light-collecting device location of the solar energy fiber, the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle are calculated using the following formulas:

[0060] δ=arcsin(sinχsinα+cosχcosαcosβ);

[0061]

[0062] Where δ represents the solar altitude angle and ε represents the solar azimuth angle;

[0063] S122. Obtain the unit vector in the horizontal coordinate system by solving the coordinate axis transformation formula. Then, combine the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle to determine the incident position of sunlight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Where φ represents the position of sunlight incident;

[0066] By combining the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and the location of sunlight incidence, the solar position data is obtained;

[0067] In this embodiment, by establishing an equatorial coordinate system and a horizontal coordinate system, the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and the incident position of sunlight are calculated to obtain solar position data. This method reasonably uses different coordinate systems to calculate the solar angle, improving the accuracy and practicality of solar angle calculation, and laying the foundation for subsequent adjustments to the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber. Specifically, for example, on the 100th day of the year, at the current time 14:00 (true solar time 14), the latitude coordinate of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is 30° North latitude, and the solar declination angle at this time is... Solar hour angle β=(14-12)·15°=30°, solar altitude angle δ=arcsin(0.736)≈53.9°, solar azimuth angle ε=arcsin(0.736)≈47.4°, and the position of sunlight incidence. Taking the unit vector in the horizontal coordinate system, the incident position of sunlight is (0.8, 0.4, 0.4);

[0068] S2. Establish a vertical incidence model of sunlight based on the solar position data, and detect the light intensity, dividing the light intensity into strong light intensity and weak light intensity.

[0069] S2 includes the following steps:

[0070] S21. In the horizontal coordinate system, based on the solar altitude angle δ and solar azimuth angle ε in the solar position data, calculate the rotation angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber. The calculated tilt angle of the outdoor solar collector relative to the ground is... At this moment, the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is located is... To ensure that the solar incident position in the solar position data coincides with the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is located, a solar vertical incidence model is established.

[0071] S22. Use a photoelectric sensor to acquire light intensity, obtain a light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber, and record the time points of acquiring the light intensity in sequence to generate a light intensity time series; set a first light intensity threshold, a second light intensity threshold, and a time threshold; when the duration of the light intensity time series is greater than the time threshold, the light intensity corresponding to the solar energy fiber light intensity data set being greater than or equal to the first light intensity threshold is recorded as strong light intensity, the light intensity corresponding to the solar energy fiber light intensity data set being less than the first light intensity threshold but greater than the second light intensity threshold is recorded as weak light intensity, and the light intensity corresponding to the solar energy fiber light intensity data set being less than or equal to the second light intensity threshold is recorded as zero light intensity; furthermore, under the zero light intensity, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber stops tracking the light and stops the introduction of the solar energy fiber;

[0072] In this embodiment, by establishing a vertical incidence model of sunlight to ensure the detection and tracking of the focal point, the light intensity is divided into strong and weak light intensities. Considering different weather conditions, the light intensity division is facilitated by a multi-strategy hybrid fiber optic import method, solving the applicability problem under cloudy or obstructed weather conditions. Specifically, for example, when the solar altitude angle is 73.2° and the solar azimuth angle is 180° (due south), at this time... Therefore, A = [-0.289, 0, 0.957] T The drive motor of the solar fiber adjusts the light collector to a designated position, ensuring that the incident light coincides with the normal vector. This guarantees that the sunlight always enters the outdoor light collector perpendicularly, ensuring high-efficiency solar energy absorption. A first threshold is set at 80,000 lux (direct sunlight), a second threshold at 5,000 lux (cloudy days or night), and a time threshold of 300 seconds. If the light intensity drops sharply from 80,000 lux to 2,000 lux within 10 seconds, a 300-second delay is set before determining whether night mode has truly been entered. This process identifies strong light intensity (light intensity greater than or equal to 80,000 lux) and weak light intensity (light intensity less than 80,000 lux but greater than or equal to 5,000 lux), significantly reducing equipment wear while maintaining high light collection efficiency.

[0073] S3. Under low light intensity, a PID controller is established using a solar tracking algorithm. Based on the solar vertical incidence model, the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized using the magnificent slender-tailed warbler algorithm to obtain the optimized control parameters. A solar tracking controller is then established to realize the optical fiber introduction of solar energy under low light intensity.

[0074] S3 includes the following steps:

[0075] S31. Under low light intensity, the control parameters in the PID controller are set to include proportional coefficient, integral coefficient, and derivative coefficient. A PID controller is established using a solar tracking algorithm. The solar position data is used as the input of the PID controller, and the output is the tracking angle of the outdoor solar collector of the solar fiber. The tracking angle of the outdoor solar collector includes the tilt angle of the outdoor solar collector relative to the ground and the rotation angle of the outdoor solar collector. The target tracking angle is set. According to the solar vertical incidence model, the error between the tracking angle of the outdoor solar collector and the target tracking angle is calculated and denoted as the integral time squared error. The integral time squared error is used as the control objective function.

[0076] S32. The process of finding the optimal fitness function value, which is the same as finding the minimum integral time squared error, is to use the Magnificent Wren algorithm to optimize the control parameters in the PID controller and obtain the optimized control parameters. The specific steps are as follows:

[0077] S321. The process of finding the optimal fitness function is considered as a search space. Let the search space contain a population of *Graceful Wren*, with population size *p* and population dimension *q*. The position of an individual *Graceful Wren* within the population represents a candidate solution, which includes proportionality coefficients, integral coefficients, and differential coefficients. The process of iterating over the positions of individual *Graceful Wren* is considered as optimizing control parameters. The *Graceful Wren* population is initialized, at which point it enters the juvenile growth stage. The current iteration number is set to *t*, where *r1* and *r2* represent random numbers within the interval [0, 1]. The upper bound of the search space is *l′*, and the lower bound is *l″*. Let represent the position of the i-th Magnificent Slender-tailed Warbler in the population at the j-th iteration. When r1 > 0.5, the position is... Updated to obtain the location of a new individual Magnificent Slender-tailed Warbler.

[0078] S322. The population of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler has entered the breeding and feeding stage. Let d1 and d2 represent random numbers following a normal distribution. Introduce a risk threshold to quantify the risk of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population. The risk threshold c = 20·d1 + 20·d2. Set the maximum number of iterations to T, then the iteration coefficient... The population of Magnificent Swan-tailed Warblers was fed, and maturity was used to describe the local exploration ability of the population. Maturity η = sin(2(l′-l″) + γ(l′-l″)). In the current iteration, the current optimal fitness function value was selected to obtain the current optimal individual position C of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler. best When r1 < 0.5 and c < 20, the position is re-evaluated. Update and get

[0079] S323. The magnificent swan-warbler population enters a predator avoidance phase. Individual magnificent swan-warblers issue calls to alert the population. A Levy flight simulation is introduced to demonstrate the individual flight process of the magnificent swan-warbler. The call frequency is set to d, and the random step size of the Levy flight is e. The call frequency value is then... Adaptive balance factor When r1 < 0.5 and c > 20, re-evaluate the position. Update and get At this point, all stages of the t-th iteration are completed, a new population of Magnificent Wrens is generated, and the next iteration begins; until the current iteration count reaches the maximum iteration count, the iteration stops, the final population of Magnificent Wrens is obtained, the individual positions of Magnificent Wrens corresponding to the optimal fitness function value are found, and the optimized control parameters are obtained;

[0080] S33. The optimized control parameters include optimized proportional coefficient, optimized integral coefficient and optimized derivative coefficient, which are input into the PID controller to obtain the optimized PID controller. The optimized PID controller is regarded as the sun-tracking controller. The sun-tracking controller is used to adjust the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber and transmit the solar energy through the optical cable to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under weak light intensity.

[0081] In this embodiment, a PID controller is established under low light intensity, and the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized using the Magnificent Wren algorithm to establish a sun-tracking controller, realizing the introduction of solar energy into optical fibers under low light intensity. The combination of PID control and optimization algorithm greatly improves the control effect. Compared with other algorithms, the Magnificent Wren algorithm has a faster convergence speed and the ability to escape local optima, making the angle tracking speed of the sun-tracking controller faster and the system response time shorter, ensuring efficient sun tracking under low light intensity. Specifically, for example, the PID parameter range is set as follows: proportional coefficient [0, 10], integral coefficient [0, 5], derivative coefficient [0, 2], population size p = 50, population dimension q = 3, maximum number of iterations is 100, upper bound of search space is 10, lower bound is 0, initial population is randomly generated with proportional coefficient 6.2, integral coefficient 1.8, derivative coefficient 0.5, and when r1 > 0.5, r2 = 0.3, at which point the new Magnificent Wren individual positions are obtained. When r1 < 0.5 and c < 20, move closer to the optimal individual; when r1 < 0.5 and c > 20, update the position according to Levi's flight, complete this iteration, and enter the next iteration; calculate the control quantity to adjust the control signal to achieve accurate angle tracking, improve the optical fiber's ability to bring in light energy and the system's stabilization time, and provide an effective solution for light energy collection in low-light environments;

[0082] S4. Under strong light intensity, the outdoor light collector of solar energy fiber is adjusted in real time using the four-quadrant positioning method, and a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling is introduced. After calculating the compensation angle, fine-tuning is performed to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity.

[0083] S4 includes the following steps:

[0084] S41. Under strong sunlight, a ring-shaped photodetector is arranged to form a photoelectric sensor group. A rectangular coordinate system is established on the photoelectric sensor group, so that the photoelectric sensor group is evenly distributed in the four quadrants of the rectangular coordinate system, obtaining the first, second, third, and fourth position quadrants respectively. Sunlight illuminates the photoelectric sensor group, and the areas of the solar spots in the first, second, third, and fourth position quadrants are obtained in the rectangular coordinate system. The offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group is calculated using the following formula:

[0085]

[0086] in, This represents the lateral offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor array in the Cartesian coordinate system. E1 represents the vertical offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system, E2 represents the area of ​​the solar spot in the first position quadrant, E3 represents the area of ​​the solar spot in the second position quadrant, and E4 represents the area of ​​the solar spot in the fourth position quadrant.

[0087] S42. When the lateral and longitudinal offsets of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system are both 0, the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber does not rotate. When the lateral offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system is greater than 0, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. When the longitudinal offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system is greater than 0, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the positive longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the negative longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system, thus completing the real-time adjustment of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber.

[0088] S43. Introducing a fiber-optic coupling dynamic compensation mechanism, the photoelectric sensor group measures the current values ​​in the first, second, third, and fourth quadrants. Then, the lateral error... Longitudinal error Where I1 represents the current value in the first quadrant, I2 represents the current value in the second quadrant, I3 represents the current value in the third quadrant, and I4 represents the current value in the fourth quadrant; the angle of rotation per unit lateral offset is set to θ. x The angle of rotation per unit vertical offset is θ. y At this time, the compensation angle The position of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is corrected using the aforementioned compensation angle. When the lateral error is greater than the longitudinal error, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the lateral direction of the Cartesian coordinate system. Specifically, when the compensation angle is greater than 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the Cartesian coordinate system; when the compensation angle is less than or equal to 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the Cartesian coordinate system. Otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar fiber is rotated in the longitudinal direction of the Cartesian coordinate system. This achieves dynamic compensation, and then the solar energy is transmitted through the optical cable to enable the introduction of solar energy into the optical fiber under strong light intensity.

[0089] In this embodiment, by adjusting the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber in real time under strong light intensity, the internal error of the measuring equipment is cleverly eliminated by using the area of ​​the solar spot, and a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling is introduced for position correction. This allows for real-time correction of deviations through closed-loop feedback, reducing transmission loss and maximizing the utilization of solar energy resources. This enables the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity, solving the problem of poor building lighting. Specifically, for example, a four-quadrant photoelectric sensor group (ring array, 20cm diameter), a dual-axis servo motor, a light intensity of 120,000 lux, and four quadrant spot areas of 18.6cm² each are used. 2 17.9cm 2 16.2cm 2 and 15.8cm 2 Calculate the lateral offset Calculate the longitudinal offset If the lateral offset is greater than 0, the drive motor rotates in the negative lateral direction (-X-axis); if the longitudinal offset is greater than 0, the drive motor rotates in the positive longitudinal direction (+Y-axis). After adjustment, the measured current values ​​are 12.3mA, 11.8mA, 10.6mA, and 10.2mA, respectively. The lateral error is then calculated. Longitudinal error The compensation angle λ = 0.064·0.1·0.8° + 0.028·3.3·0.6° = 0.0515°, and the longitudinal error is greater than the lateral error. By rotating the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber in the positive longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system to compensate the angle, the dynamic response speed is greatly increased and the dynamic compensation error is reduced.

[0090] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "example," "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0091] The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A real-time tracking optical fiber system for guiding solar energy, characterized in that, include: The solar position data acquisition module is used to calculate the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and the position of sunlight incidence to obtain solar position data; The model building and light intensity classification module is used to build a model of vertical sunlight incidence based on solar position data, and then classify the light intensity to obtain strong light intensity and weak light intensity. The low-light-intensity fiber optic import module is used to establish a PID controller under low light intensity. Based on the vertical incidence model of sunlight, the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized to establish a sun-tracking controller and realize the import of solar energy into optical fibers under low light intensity. The high-intensity optical fiber import module is used to adjust the outdoor light collector of solar energy optical fiber in real time under high light intensity, and introduces a dynamic compensation mechanism for optical fiber coupling to correct the position, so as to realize the import of solar energy optical fiber under high light intensity. The process of establishing a PID controller under low light intensity and optimizing the control parameters in the PID controller includes: Under low light intensity, the control parameters in the PID controller are set to include proportional coefficient, integral coefficient and derivative coefficient. The PID controller is established using the solar tracking algorithm. The solar position data is used as the input of the PID controller. The output is the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber. The error between the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber and the target tracking angle is calculated and recorded as the integral time squared error. The integral time squared error is used as the control objective function. The process of finding the optimal fitness function value by taking the control objective function as the fitness function is the process of finding the minimum integral time squared error. The magnificent slender-tailed warbler algorithm is used to optimize the control parameters in the PID controller to obtain the optimized control parameters. The optimization of control parameters in the PID controller using the Magnificent Wren algorithm includes: The process of finding the optimal fitness function is regarded as a search space. It is assumed that there is a population of Magnificent Wrens in the search space. The position of an individual Magnificent Wren in the population represents a candidate solution. The candidate solution includes a proportional coefficient, an integral coefficient, and a differential coefficient. The process of iterating the position of an individual Magnificent Wren is regarded as the process of optimizing the control parameters. Initialize the population of Magnificent Wrens. At this time, the population of Magnificent Wrens has entered the juvenile growth stage. Update the individual positions of Magnificent Wrens to obtain new individual positions of Magnificent Wrens. The population of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler has entered the breeding and feeding stage. A risk threshold is introduced to quantify the risk of the population. Maturity is used to describe the local exploration ability of the population. The location of new Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler individuals is updated based on the risk threshold and maturity. The Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population enters the predator avoidance phase. The Levy flight simulation is introduced to model the individual flight process of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warblers. The positions of new Magnificent Swan-tailed Warblers are then updated, generating a new population and initiating the next iteration. This process continues until the maximum number of iterations is reached, at which point iteration stops, yielding the final Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler population. The optimal fitness function value corresponding to the position of the Magnificent Swan-tailed Warbler is then identified, resulting in optimized control parameters. The introduction of a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling for position correction to achieve fiber optic transmission of solar energy under high light intensity includes: A dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber optic coupling is introduced. The photoelectric sensor group measures the current value, calculates the lateral and longitudinal errors, obtains the compensation angle, and uses the compensation angle to correct the position of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber. When the lateral error is greater than the longitudinal error, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Specifically, when the compensation angle is greater than 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system, and when the compensation angle is less than or equal to 0, the compensation angle is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system. Dynamic compensation is achieved, and then solar energy is transmitted through the optical cable to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity.

2. The real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle, and solar incidence position to obtain solar position data includes: By taking the Earth's center as the origin of the equatorial coordinate system, the location of the outdoor light collector for the solar energy fiber is determined, and the equatorial coordinate system is established. The solar declination angle and solar hour angle are calculated. Then, a horizontal coordinate system is established, and the transformation relationship between the equatorial coordinate system and the horizontal coordinate system is obtained, resulting in the coordinate axis transformation formula. The latitude coordinates of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber are obtained. Combined with the solar declination angle and solar hour angle, the solar altitude angle and solar azimuth angle are calculated. The incident position of sunlight is determined by the coordinate axis transformation formula, and the solar position data is obtained.

3. The real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process of establishing a vertical incidence model of sunlight based on solar position data includes: In the horizontal coordinate system, the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is located is calculated based on the solar position data, ensuring that the incident position of sunlight in the solar position data coincides with the normal vector of the plane where the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is located, and establishing a vertical sunlight incidence model.

4. The real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The further classification of light intensity into strong light intensity and weak light intensity includes: The light intensity is acquired using a photoelectric sensor to obtain a set of light intensity data for solar energy optical fibers, and the time points at which the light intensity is acquired are recorded sequentially to generate a light intensity time series. Set a first light intensity threshold, a second light intensity threshold, and a time threshold; When the duration of the light intensity time series is greater than a time threshold, the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is greater than or equal to the first light intensity threshold is recorded as strong light intensity; the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is less than the first light intensity threshold but greater than the second light intensity threshold is recorded as weak light intensity; and the light intensity corresponding to the light intensity data set of the solar energy fiber that is less than or equal to the second light intensity threshold is recorded as zero light intensity. Under zero light intensity, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber stops tracking the light and stops the introduction of solar energy fiber.

5. A real-time tracking optical fiber transmission system for solar energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of the solar tracking controller to realize the fiber optic introduction of solar energy under low light intensity includes: The optimized control parameters include optimized proportional coefficient, optimized integral coefficient, and optimized derivative coefficient, which are input into the PID controller to obtain the optimized PID controller. The optimized PID controller is regarded as a solar tracking controller. The solar tracking controller is used to adjust the tracking angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber and conduct solar energy through the optical cable to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under low light intensity.

6. A real-time tracking solar energy fiber optic import system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outdoor light collector that adjusts the solar energy fiber in real time under strong light intensity includes: Under strong light intensity, a ring photodetector is arranged to form a photoelectric sensor group. A rectangular coordinate system is established on the photoelectric sensor group, and the offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group is calculated. When the horizontal and vertical offsets of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system are equal to 0, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber does not rotate. When the lateral offset of the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group in the rectangular coordinate system is greater than 0, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the negative lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the angle of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the positive lateral direction of the rectangular coordinate system. When the central solar spot of the photoelectric sensor group has a longitudinal offset greater than 0 in the rectangular coordinate system, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the positive longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system; otherwise, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is rotated in the negative longitudinal direction of the rectangular coordinate system, thus completing the real-time adjustment of the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber.

7. A method for real-time tracking of solar energy fiber optic transmission as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: S1. Establish an equatorial coordinate system, calculate the solar declination angle and solar hour angle based on the equatorial coordinate system, then establish a horizontal coordinate system, obtain the transformation relationship between the equatorial coordinate system and the horizontal coordinate system, calculate the solar altitude angle, solar azimuth angle and the position of sunlight incidence, and obtain the solar position data. S2. Establish a vertical incidence model of sunlight based on the solar position data, and detect the light intensity, dividing the light intensity into strong light intensity and weak light intensity. S3. Under low light intensity, a PID controller is established using a solar tracking algorithm. Based on the solar vertical incidence model, the control parameters in the PID controller are optimized using the magnificent slender-tailed warbler algorithm to obtain the optimized control parameters. A solar tracking controller is then established to realize the optical fiber introduction of solar energy under low light intensity. S4. Under strong light intensity, the outdoor light collector of the solar energy fiber is adjusted in real time using the four-quadrant positioning method, and a dynamic compensation mechanism for fiber coupling is introduced. After calculating the compensation angle, fine-tuning is performed to realize the introduction of solar energy fiber under strong light intensity.

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