Display panel, touch detection method and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a display panel, a touch detection method and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of display devices. The display panel comprises a display area and a non-display area. The display area comprises a color filter. The color filter comprises a substrate, a color resistance layer and a touch sensing layer between the substrate and the color resistance layer. The non-display area comprises a pulsed light source and a processing module. The touch sensing layer comprises an acoustic wall mode microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponding to the acoustic wall mode microcavity array. The waveguide network is connected with the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used for inputting light signals emitted by the pulsed light source into the acoustic wall mode microcavity array and transmitting coupling signals output by the acoustic wall mode microcavity array to the processing module. The processing module is used for converting the coupling signals into electric signals and determining a touch position and / or a touch force based on the electric signals. In this way, the touch detection can be more sensitive through the acoustic wall mode microcavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display device technology, and in particular to a display panel, a touch detection method, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the field of 3D touch detection, it is often achieved through capacitive / resistive strain detection, optical / infrared positioning, and ultrasonic sensing, but it is difficult to detect minute pressure and non-contact hover touch (distance detection), resulting in defects in detection accuracy and sensitivity. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a display panel, a touch detection method, and an electronic device to solve the technical problem of poor touch detection performance.

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present application, a display panel is provided, the display panel including a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter, the color filter including: a substrate, a color resist layer, and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer; the non-display area includes: a pulsed light source and a processing module; the touch sensing layer includes: a sound-gallery pattern microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponding to the sound-gallery pattern microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected to the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source into the sound-gallery pattern microcavity array, and transmit the coupling signal output by the sound-gallery pattern microcavity array to the processing module; the processing module is used to convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities, with adjacent columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities being staggered; the waveguide network includes multiple waveguide structures, with each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities corresponding to one waveguide structure; the positions of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities and the waveguide structures are aligned with the gaps between the color resists in the color resist layer.

[0006] In one possible implementation, each of the waveguide structures is connected to a pulsed light source via a tapered optical fiber, and the pulsed light sources corresponding to different columns of waveguide structures have different wavelengths.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the processing module includes: multiple photoelectric converters, a transimpedance amplifier, a programmable gain amplifier, a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter, and a touch chip; wherein each photoelectric converter is connected to one of the waveguide structures via a tapered optical fiber; each photoelectric converter is connected to a set of the transimpedance amplifiers and the programmable gain amplifiers, for converting the coupled signal into a current signal and outputting it to the transimpedance amplifier; the transimpedance amplifier is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal and adjust the gain of the voltage signal through the programmable gain amplifier; multiple paths of the multiplexer are respectively connected to multiple programmable gain amplifiers, and the conduction window of the path coincides with the pulse opening window of the pulse light source connected to the corresponding waveguide structure; the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the multiplexer, for converting the voltage signal output by the conducted path into a digital signal and transmitting it to the touch chip; the touch chip is used to determine the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the digital signal.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the non-display area further includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper heat sink; the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is bonded to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate through the copper heat sink.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the touch sensing layer further includes: a substrate, on which the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array and the waveguide network are disposed; the substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than that of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array.

[0010] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a touch detection method is provided, applied to a display panel as described in any of the first aspects above. The method includes: acquiring a coupling signal output by a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array through a waveguide network; converting the coupling signal into an electrical signal; determining, based on the electrical signal, change data of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array; and determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data.

[0011] In one possible implementation, determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data includes: determining the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; determining whether to switch the pulse light source from a first mode to a second mode based on the degree of continuity; wherein the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode is higher than that in the first mode; and, in response to switching the pulse light source from the first mode to the second mode, determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source in the second mode in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities, each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities corresponding to one electrical signal; the change data includes: change rate, light intensity change, and wavelength offset; determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the change data includes: determining the touch position based on the change rate corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array; and determining the touch force based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array.

[0013] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, comprising a display panel as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0014] This application provides a display panel, a touch detection method, and an electronic device. The display panel includes a display area and a non-display area. The display area includes a color filter, which comprises a substrate, a color resist layer, and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer. The non-display area includes a pulsed light source and a processing module. The touch sensing layer includes a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponding to the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array. The waveguide network is connected to the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source into the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array, and transmit the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array to the processing module. The processing module is used to convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal, and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal. Thus, by integrating a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity into the display area, the optical signal transmitted through the waveguide network is coupled within the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity. Changes in the microcavity's deformation or resonance conditions under touch pressure can then be observed. The processing module, based on these changes in the coupled signal and converted into an electrical signal, can accurately detect parameters such as touch position and force. The high sensitivity of the microcavity enhances sensitivity and accuracy in 3D touch detection scenarios. Furthermore, by combining the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity's high sensitivity to environmental changes, not only is the sensitivity to panel touch improved, but it can also be accurately detected even when the touch action is at a small distance from the panel, further enhancing the detection sensitivity for hover touch scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0016] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a whispering-gallery mode microcavity and waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of a waveguide structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a whispering-gallery mode microcavity fabrication process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of a touch detection method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0024] 1. Color filter; 2. Pulsed light source; 3. Processing module; 4. Tapered optical fiber; 11. Substrate; 12. Color resist layer; 13. Touch sensing layer; 31. Photoelectric converter; 32. Transimpedance amplifier; 33. Programmable gain amplifier; 34. Multiplexer; 35. Analog-to-digital converter; 36. Touch chip; 131. Whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array; 132. Waveguide network; 1311. Whispering-gallery pattern microcavity; 1321. Waveguide structure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0027] This embodiment provides a display panel. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display panel provided in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the display panel includes a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter 1, which includes a substrate 11, a color resist layer 12, and a touch sensing layer 13 located between the substrate 11 and the color resist layer 12; the non-display area includes a pulsed light source 2 and a processing module 3.

[0028] The touch sensing layer 13 includes: a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 and a waveguide network 132 corresponding to the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131; the waveguide network 132 is connected to the pulsed light source 2 and the processing module 3, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 into the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131, and transmit the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 to the processing module 3;

[0029] The processing module 3 is used to convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

[0030] In related technologies, traditional capacitive / resistive touch technology relies on changes in charge or resistance, making it difficult to detect minute pressures (e.g., <1N) and non-contact hover touch (distance detection). Existing 3D touch solutions struggle to achieve precise pressure feedback in complex application scenarios. Optical sensors are mostly used as standalone sensors, but their rigid structure makes them difficult to adapt to planar display substrates, resulting in poor display compatibility, low light coupling efficiency, and easy pixel obstruction when integrated into the display substrate, leading to decreased light transmittance (<85%), color distortion, or uneven brightness. Optical sensors also lack environmental stability and are easily affected by temperature and humidity, impacting detection accuracy.

[0031] In one embodiment, the display area may include: a color filter 1 (CF), also referred to as a color filter substrate, a liquid crystal layer, and an array substrate. The color filter 1 may include: a substrate 11, a color resist layer 12, and a touch sensing layer 13 located between the substrate 11 and the color resist layer 12. The substrate 11 may be a glass substrate. The non-display area may include a border area. The liquid crystal layer is located below the color filter 1, and the array substrate is located below the liquid crystal layer.

[0032] In one embodiment, the pulsed light source 2 can be a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) pulsed light source 2, and the light signal emitted can be in the non-visible light band (e.g., wavelength 1550nm) to reduce interference with the display effect.

[0033] In one embodiment, the color filter 1 may further include a protective layer beneath the color resist layer 12. Here, the protective layer may be an overcoat (OC) protective layer.

[0034] In one embodiment, the Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) microcavity array 131 includes at least one column of whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311. The whispering gallery mode microcavities 1311 are highly sensitive, and the optical circulation within the cavity can form standing waves. During touch operations, this causes changes in the physical parameters of the microcavity surface or the surrounding environment, such as mechanical deformation and / or refractive index changes, thereby altering the microcavity's resonance conditions. For example, at least one of resonant wave shift, mode splitting, and intensity changes may occur, resulting in a change between the coupled signal output from the whispering gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal.

[0035] In one embodiment, the waveguide network 132 can be connected to the pulsed light source 2 and the processing module 3 via tapered optical fibers 4, respectively. For example, the waveguide network 132 can include at least one row of waveguide structures 1321, with both ends of each row of waveguide structures 1321 connected to the pulsed light source 2 and the processing module 3 via tapered optical fibers 4, respectively. Here, connection to the processing module 3 can refer to connection to the photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3.

[0036] In one embodiment, the substrate of the waveguide network 132 may be silicon nitride (Si3N4), which has low loss, strong nonlinearity, tunable dispersion, and process compatibility. The processing module 3 may include a photoelectric converter 31, which converts the coupled signal into an electrical signal.

[0037] In one embodiment, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may contain multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311, and each column may contain multiple whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311. The whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns may be staggered. For example, in adjacent first and second columns, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the second column are aligned with the midpoint of the gap between two adjacent whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the first column.

[0038] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the touch position and / or touch intensity based on electrical signals. This can refer to the processing module 3 determining the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 based on the electrical signals; and determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data.

[0039] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data may include: the processing module 3 determining the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; determining whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from a first mode to a second mode based on the degree of continuity; the duty cycle of the pulse in the second mode being higher than that in the first mode; and, in response to switching the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode, determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulse light source 2 in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 in the second mode.

[0040] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the variation data of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 based on the electrical signal, which may include: determining the variation data of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity 1311 corresponding to the electrical signal based on the timing of the electrical signal; the variation data includes: the rate of change and the wavelength offset.

[0041] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 determines the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data, which may include: determining the touch position based on the change rate corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131; and determining the touch intensity based on the wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131.

[0042] In one embodiment, in response to a touch operation applied to the corresponding position of the sound-gallery pattern microcavity 1311 on the display panel, or in response to a touch operation applied to a predetermined distance range above the corresponding position of the sound-gallery pattern microcavity 1311 on the display panel, the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 will change in the sound-gallery pattern microcavity 1311, and the output coupling signal will be different from the input light signal.

[0043] Here, the touch operation is performed within a predetermined distance range above the corresponding position of the soundbar mode microcavity 1311 on the display panel, i.e., the aforementioned hover touch. The predetermined distance range can be 0-5mm, etc. The change can refer to a change in at least one of the parameters such as timing, wavelength, and light intensity.

[0044] In one embodiment, the touch sensing layer 13 further includes a substrate, on which the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network 132 are disposed; the substrate may be made of a transparent material, such as a perfluoroolefin vinyl ether polymer with a refractive index of 1.33. wait.

[0045] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 is used to determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal, which may include: the processing module 3 determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the electrical signal, and determining the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal if a touch operation is determined to have occurred.

[0046] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 can also be used to respond to touch operations based on the touch position and / or touch force, or to send the touch position and / or touch force to a module for responding to touch operations.

[0047] Thus, integrating a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity into the display area can isolate external environmental interference. The optical signal transmitted through the waveguide network, after coupling within the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity, can change based on the deformation or alteration of resonance conditions caused by touch pressure. The processing module, by converting the coupled signal into an electrical signal, can accurately detect parameters such as touch position and force. The high sensitivity of the microcavity is beneficial for improving sensitivity and accuracy in 3D touch detection scenarios. Furthermore, combining the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity's high sensitivity to environmental changes not only improves panel touch sensitivity but also allows for accurate detection even when the touch action is at a small distance from the panel, further enhancing detection sensitivity in hover touch scenarios.

[0048] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311, and the waveguide network 132 includes multiple waveguide structures 1321, with each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 corresponding to one waveguide structure 1321.

[0049] The position of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321 is aligned with the gap between the color resists in the color resist layer 12.

[0050] In one embodiment, each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 corresponds to one waveguide structure 1321. Different columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 correspond to different waveguide structures 1321, and a column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and a waveguide structure 1321 are jointly disposed at a position corresponding to the gap between two adjacent columns of color resists. For example, the number of columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and the number of waveguide structures 1321 are both equal to the number of columns of color resists in the color resist layer 12. That is, each column of color resists can correspond to one column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and one waveguide structure 1321.

[0051] In one embodiment, alignment with the gaps between the color resists in the color resist layer 12 can refer to alignment with the black matrix between the color resists in the color resist layer 12. For example, a column of whispering-gallery mode microcavities 1311 and a waveguide structure 1321 are disposed together at positions corresponding to the black matrix between two adjacent columns of color resists.

[0052] In some embodiments, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns are staggered.

[0053] For example, such as Figure 2 The structure shown has the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns staggered. This means that in the adjacent first and second columns, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the second column are aligned with the midpoint of the gap between two adjacent whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the first column.

[0054] In one embodiment, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns are staggered, with the odd-numbered columns having the same distribution pattern and the even-numbered columns having the same distribution pattern. For example, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the first column are staggered with those in the second column, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the second column are staggered with those in the third column, and the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in the first column are the same in distribution pattern.

[0055] In one embodiment, the number of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns is different; for example, the difference in the number of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 in adjacent columns that are staggered is 1. In this way, by staggering adjacent columns, optical signal crosstalk caused by excessively high microcavity density can be avoided.

[0056] In one embodiment, the spacing between a row of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and a corresponding waveguide structure 1321 can be less than a predetermined value, for example, the predetermined value can be determined based on the evanescent field overlap range between the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321.

[0057] Thus, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 and waveguide structures 1321 are arranged in columns, accurately corresponding to the positions of the color resist gaps below, such as the positions of the black matrix (BM). Compared to related technologies where sensors easily obscure the color resist area, this avoids the touch sensing layer 13 blocking light transmission and affecting the normal light emission display effect of the color resist area. Moreover, each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 can be controlled and transmitted through independent waveguides, facilitating rapid and accurate positioning of the column position of any changing whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311.

[0058] In some embodiments, each waveguide structure 1321 is connected to a pulsed light source 2 via a tapered optical fiber 4, and the pulsed light sources 2 corresponding to different columns of waveguide structures 1321 have different light source wavelengths.

[0059] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first end of each waveguide structure 1321 is connected to a pulsed light source 2 via a tapered optical fiber 4, and the second end of each waveguide structure 1321 is connected to a photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3 via a tapered optical fiber 4. The mode field diameter of the waveguide structure 1321 is reduced in the waist region of the tapered optical fiber 4, and the evanescent field intensity is exponentially enhanced, overlapping with the surface evanescent field of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 to achieve efficient optical energy transmission.

[0060] Here, the tapered optical fiber 4 can refer to a first end whose width or diameter is the same as the width or diameter of the waveguide structure 1321, and a second end whose width or diameter is greater than the first end, and the first end of the tapered optical fiber 4 is connected to the waveguide structure 1321.

[0061] In one embodiment, the first end of the tapered optical fiber 4 is aligned with one end of a whispering mode microcavity 1311 located at a row of whispering mode microcavities 1311, thereby allowing the mode field of the tapered waist region to overlap with the evanescent field of the whispering mode microcavity surface, thus improving the optical transmission effect.

[0062] In one embodiment, the pulse width of the pulsed light source 2 can be less than or equal to a predetermined width, for example, a predetermined width of 1 ns. The pulsed light sources 2 connected to different waveguide structures 1321 have different light source wavelengths. For example, each column of whispering-gallery mode microcavities 1311 is assigned an independent light source wavelength. For example, multiple columns of whispering-gallery mode microcavities 1311 in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 are assigned corresponding wavelengths at 0.8 nm intervals in the 1550 nm band, so as to realize differentiated identification of optical signals of different columns of whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0063] In one embodiment, when the processing module 3 does not detect a touch operation, the pulse light source 2 operates in a low-power first mode, where the duty cycle is lower than a predetermined threshold, such as 1%. When the processing module 3 detects a changing coupling signal and the continuity of the change meets a predetermined condition, the pulse light source 2 switches to a second mode, which continuously emits pulses with a duty cycle greater than that of the first mode.

[0064] In one embodiment, when converting the coupled signal into an electrical signal, the amplitude of the electrical signal is related to the light intensity and resonant wavelength shift of the coupled signal, and the timing characteristics of the electrical signal are also related to the delay of the coupled signal. The wavelength of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 is related to the amplitude of the electrical signal; different light signal wavelengths result in different amplitudes of the converted electrical signal.

[0065] Thus, by assigning independent pulsed light sources 2 to the microcavities 1311 and their waveguide structures 1321 of different whispering-gallery modes and emitting light signals based on different wavelengths, the differential identification of the microcavities 1311 of different whispering-gallery modes can be achieved after photoelectric conversion, thereby enabling faster and more accurate positioning of the column corresponding to the touch operation that causes the change in light signal.

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the processing module 3 may include: multiple photoelectric converters 31, transimpedance amplifiers 32, programmable gain amplifiers 33, multiplexers 34, analog-to-digital converters 35, and touch chips 36; wherein each photoelectric converter 31 is connected to a waveguide structure 1321 via a tapered optical fiber 4.

[0067] Each of the photoelectric converters 31 is connected to a set of transimpedance amplifiers 32 and programmable gain amplifiers 33, for converting the coupled signal into a current signal and outputting it to the transimpedance amplifiers 32;

[0068] The transimpedance amplifier 32 is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and the gain of the voltage signal is adjusted by the programmable gain amplifier 33;

[0069] The multiple channels of the multiplexer 34 are respectively connected to the multiple programmable gain amplifiers 33, and the conduction window of the channel is consistent with the pulse opening window of the pulse light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321.

[0070] The analog-to-digital converter 35 is connected to the multiplexer 34 and is used to convert the voltage signal output by the activated path into a digital signal and transmit it to the touch chip 36.

[0071] The touch chip 36 is used to determine the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the digital signal.

[0072] In one embodiment, the photoelectric converter 31 can be a photodiode (PD). The first end of a photoelectric converter 31 is connected to a waveguide structure 1321 via a tapered optical fiber 4, and different photoelectric converters 31 are connected to different waveguide structures 1321. A trans-impedance amplifier 32 (TIA) can be connected to the second end of the photoelectric converter 31, and different photoelectric converters 31 are connected to different trans-impedance amplifiers 32. A programmable gain amplifier 33 (PGA) is connected to the photoelectric converter 31 via the trans-impedance amplifier 32.

[0073] In one embodiment, a set of transimpedance amplifiers 32 and programmable gain amplifiers 33 may refer to a transimpedance amplifier 32 and a programmable gain amplifier 33 connected in series. A photoelectric converter 31 in the processing module 3 is connected in series with a corresponding set of transimpedance amplifiers 32 and programmable gain amplifiers 33, and is also connected in series with the multiplexer 34, the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the touch chip 36.

[0074] In one embodiment, the programmable gain amplifier 33 adjusts the gain of the voltage signal, which may include: the programmable gain amplifier 33 adjusting the gain of the voltage signal according to the signal strength. The amplified voltage signal is then the amplified electrical signal.

[0075] In one embodiment, the multiplexer 34 (MUX) includes multiple paths. One path is connected to a photoelectric converter 31 corresponding to a waveguide structure 1321 via a programmable gain amplifier 33. Different paths correspond to different waveguide structures 1321. The path is turned on when the pulsed light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321 is in the pulse on window and turned off when the pulsed light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321 is in the pulse off window. When the path is on, the amplified voltage signal output from the programmable gain amplifier 33 is transmitted as a sampling electrical signal to the analog-to-digital converter 35.

[0076] In one embodiment, the analog-to-digital converter 35 quantizes the analog voltage signal into a digital value, i.e., converts it into a digital signal. The touch chip 36 is used to locate the touch position, i.e., the XY axis coordinates of the touch position and / or the touch force, i.e., the pressure value in the Z axis direction, through an algorithm.

[0077] In one embodiment, the display panel further includes a pulsed light source driving circuit connected to the pulsed light source 2. The touch chip 36 further includes a Touch Event Detection (TED) module and a Dynamic Drive Controller (DDC). The TED is connected to the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the DDC is connected to both the TED and the pulsed light source driving circuit. The TED is used to determine the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data and sends the determination result to the DDC. The DDC is used to determine whether to switch the pulsed light source 2 from a first mode to a second mode based on the degree of continuity, and if a switch is determined, controls the pulsed light source driving circuit to switch to the second mode.

[0078] In one embodiment, the processing module 3 further includes a processing module connected between the analog-to-digital converter 35 and the touch chip 36. The touch chip 36 (Integrated Circuit, IC) can also be used to respond to touch operations. The analog-to-digital converter 35 sends digital signals to the processing module, which can be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or a digital signal processor (DSP), for determining the touch position, i.e., touch coordinates, based on the digital signals.

[0079] Thus, by processing module 3, the coupled signals output by the microcavities 1311 in different column whispering galvanic modes can be independently amplified and identified, thereby avoiding confusion in the processing of signals from different columns. Furthermore, by combining the multiplexer 34 whose path conduction and pulse opening window are consistent, sampling can be performed only within the effective window of the optical pulse, thereby improving efficiency and reducing power consumption.

[0080] Changes in ambient temperature can affect the optical signal transmission of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131, leading to accidental touches or decreased touch accuracy.

[0081] Therefore, in some embodiments, the non-display area further includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper heat sink; the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is bonded to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate through the copper heat sink.

[0082] Here, the closed-loop control accuracy range of the thermoelectric cooler (TEC) can be ±0.1℃. The thermoelectric cooler may include a temperature control circuit, and the closed-loop control accuracy range is the accuracy range of the temperature control circuit. The substrate 11 may include a metal layer, which may be located at the edge of the substrate 11. For example, the metal layer may be a copper thermally conductive layer.

[0083] In one embodiment, the cold end can be bonded to the metal layer of the substrate 11 using highly thermally conductive silicone grease. This bonding can be achieved through bonding. The hot end can be rigidly connected to a copper heat sink via soldering.

[0084] In one embodiment, the substrate 11, the thermoelectric cooler, and the copper heat sink can be a stacked structure, for example, the substrate 11, the thermoelectric cooler, and the copper heat sink can be in a stepped contact.

[0085] For example, the cold end is located obliquely above the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the copper heat sink is located obliquely above the hot end; or, the cold end is located obliquely below the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the copper heat sink is located obliquely below the hot end, etc., thereby forming a stepped stacked structure.

[0086] In one embodiment, the thermally conductive reactor (TEC) can be embedded and mounted along the perimeter of the substrate in the non-display area; for example, each non-display area corresponding to one edge of the display area can contain one TEC. Each TEC is directly bonded to a copper thermally conductive layer at the edge of the substrate. The copper heat sink can have a double-helix microchannel inside to improve the circulation efficiency of the liquid working fluid (e.g., a water / ethanol mixture) through capillary action. The TEC can achieve heat transfer between the hot and cold ends through carrier migration in the semiconductor PN junction. When current flows forward through the TEC, the cold end absorbs heat to achieve cooling; when current flows in reverse, the hot end absorbs heat to achieve heating, thereby achieving bidirectional temperature control.

[0087] In one embodiment, the thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate 11 through the copper block heat sink, which may include: in cooling mode, the cold end of the thermoelectric cooler absorbs heat from the substrate through the metal layer of the substrate 11, and the hot end dissipates the heat to the external environment through the microchannels and surface coating of the copper block heat sink.

[0088] In one embodiment, the thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate 11 via the copper heat sink, and may further include: in heating mode, the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler absorbs heat from the external environment and heats the metal layer of the substrate 11 via the cold end. This can suppress the influence of temperature fluctuations on the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311.

[0089] In one embodiment, the TEC may further include a temperature sensor, such as eight high-precision PT1000 platinum resistance temperature sensors (3×3 grid layout at the edge) embedded in the substrate edge. Upon detection of a touch signal, temperature data is collected by the temperature sensors at predetermined intervals, for example, every 0.01 seconds, covering key areas at the substrate edge. The sensor signals are converted into digital values ​​via a 24-bit ADC, achieving a resolution of 0.001°C.

[0090] In the TEC (Thermal Design Circuit), the controller compares the set temperature (T_set) with the sensor-measured temperature (T_real) and calculates the temperature difference ΔT = T_set - T_real. When a temperature deviation from the set value is detected in a certain area (e.g., exceeding ±0.5℃), the TEC's temperature adjustment action is triggered. Depending on the temperature signal, there are cooling / heating modes. In cooling mode, the drive circuit outputs a forward current, the cold end of the TEC (contacting the substrate) absorbs heat, and the hot end (contacting the heat sink) releases heat. In heating mode, the drive circuit outputs a reverse current, the hot end of the TEC becomes the heat-absorbing end, and the cold end becomes the heat-releasing end, transferring heat to the substrate.

[0091] In one embodiment, a fuzzy adaptive PID controller is employed, with the temperature regulation parameter dynamically adjusted according to ΔT. For example, when the absolute value of the temperature difference |ΔT| > 1℃, the proportional coefficient Kp is increased to accelerate the response; when approaching the target temperature, the integral term Ki is enhanced to eliminate steady-state error. If the temperature in a certain area is abnormal, multiple adjacent TECs can simultaneously cool the area and transfer the cooling energy to the target area through the heat sink's temperature uniformity characteristics.

[0092] Therefore, the synergistic effect of TEC's temperature control and temperature sensing algorithm compensation can further reduce the impact of ambient temperature changes on the touch optical signal of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131. Signal compensation is performed on the optical signal of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 to improve the stability of 3D touch in different environments.

[0093] Thus, temperature control ensures that the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 can achieve stable three-dimensional touch feedback over a wide ambient temperature range.

[0094] In some embodiments, the touch sensing layer 13 further includes a substrate, on which the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network 132 are disposed;

[0095] The substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than that of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0096] In one embodiment, the substrate can serve as a planarization layer; for example, the transparent material of the substrate can be a low-refractive-index transparent polymer (e.g., a perfluoroolefin vinyl ether polymer). A refractive index of 1.33 is used as the filling material. The substrate can also be used to fill the gap between the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the waveguide structure 1321.

[0097] Here, transparent material can refer to material with a light transmittance higher than a preset lower limit, such as 95%, to avoid affecting the display effect.

[0098] In one embodiment, the bottom of the substrate is in contact with the top of the color resist layer 12. The surface flatness of the substrate can be higher than a predetermined flatness range, for example, the surface roughness can be lower than a predetermined upper limit value, for example, the predetermined upper limit value can be 10 nm, etc.

[0099] Thus, the substrate can provide a uniform substrate for the underlying color resist layer 12 process. The transparent material can reduce the impact of the touch sensing layer 13 on the normal light-emitting display, and the substrate's refractive index is lower than that of the whispering-gallery microcavity 1311, which can enhance the confinement and transmission of laser signals by the whispering-gallery microcavity array 131 and the waveguide network, thereby optimizing the light transmission effect.

[0100] In one embodiment, the fabrication process of the sound-gallery mode microcavity 1311 can be achieved using standardized liquid crystal display (LCD) technology, with the main process steps as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0101] The glass substrate 11 is cleaned by removing surface contaminants through plasma cleaning, for example, using a mixture of oxygen (O2) and argon (Ar).

[0102] Substrate deposition: The substrate for the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and waveguide structure 1321 is generated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).

[0103] The whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 is generated by growing a SiO2 layer on a substrate using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and generating the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 using ultraviolet lithography (wavelength 365nm) and reactive ion etching of CF4 / CHF3 mixed gas.

[0104] Waveguide network 132, Si3N4 thin film is deposited by PECVD (SiH4 / NH3 / Ar mixed gas), and silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide structure 1321 is formed by ultraviolet lithography (wavelength 365nm) and reactive ion etching of CF4 / CHF3 / O2 mixed gas.

[0105] Planarization layer, spin coating The solution solidifies to form a touch-sensitive planar layer.

[0106] This application provides a touch detection method, applicable to the display panel described in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the method includes:

[0107] S10: Obtain the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array through the waveguide network;

[0108] S20: Convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal;

[0109] S30: Determine the variation data of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array based on the electrical signal;

[0110] S40: Determine the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data.

[0111] Here, the above method can be applied to the processing module 3, steps S10-S20 can be executed in the photoelectric converter 31, and steps S30-S40 can be executed in the touch chip 36.

[0112] In one embodiment, after step S20 and before step S30, the method may further include:

[0113] The current signal is converted into a voltage signal by the transimpedance amplifier 32, and the gain of the voltage signal is adjusted by the programmable gain amplifier 33.

[0114] The multiplexer 34 outputs the amplified voltage signal from the active path to the analog-to-digital converter 35, and the analog-to-digital converter 35 converts the voltage signal from the path into a digital signal and transmits it to the touch chip 36. The multiple paths of the multiplexer 34 are respectively connected to multiple programmable gain amplifiers 33, and the conduction window of the path is consistent with the pulse opening window of the pulse light source 2 connected to the corresponding waveguide structure 1321.

[0115] Step S30 may include: determining the variation data of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 based on the digital signal.

[0116] Here, determining the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may include: determining whether the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 has changed in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131; and in response to determining that a change has occurred, determining the change data of the light signal in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131.

[0117] The change data can refer to the change between the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131 and the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2. For example, the change data may include at least one of the following: change rate, change in light intensity, and wavelength shift.

[0118] In one embodiment, determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data may include: determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the change data; and, in response to a touch operation, determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the change data. Here, a touch operation can refer to touch operations other than accidental touches, such as hover touch operations.

[0119] In one embodiment, determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the change data may include: determining the degree of continuity of the change based on the change data; and determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the degree of continuity. For example, determining whether a touch operation has occurred based on the degree of continuity may include: determining whether the degree of continuity meets a predetermined condition; if so, determining that a touch operation has occurred.

[0120] In one embodiment, after step S40, the method may further include: responding to a touch operation based on the touch location and / or touch force. Responding to a touch operation may include: providing feedback based on the touch operation.

[0121] Thus, based on the changes between the coupling signal transmitted from the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the optical signal input to the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311, it is possible to accurately determine whether a touch operation has caused a change in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311, resulting in a change in the optical signal. Furthermore, by combining the change data, the position and force of the touch can be accurately detected, thereby achieving three-dimensional touch detection.

[0122] In some embodiments, step S40 may include:

[0123] The degree of continuity of the change is determined based on the change data;

[0124] Based on the degree of continuity, it is determined whether to switch the pulsed light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode; in the second mode, the duty cycle of the pulse is higher than that in the first mode;

[0125] In response to switching the pulsed light source 2 from a first mode to a second mode, the touch position and / or touch intensity are determined based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the second mode in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0126] In one embodiment, determining the degree of continuity of the change may refer to determining the degree of continuity of the change within a predetermined duration or within a predetermined number of times. For example, the predetermined duration may be 100 ms, etc.

[0127] In one embodiment, determining whether to switch the pulsed light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode based on the continuity level may include: determining whether the continuity level meets a predetermined condition; if it does, then determining to switch the pulsed light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode.

[0128] For example, in TED, the degree of continuity of the change is determined based on the change data, and the degree of continuity is used to determine whether to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode. If it is determined that the pulse light source 2 should be switched from the first mode to the second mode, a command is sent to DDC via TED, and DDC controls the pulse light source 2 drive circuit to switch the pulse light source 2 from the first mode to the second mode.

[0129] In one embodiment, the predetermined condition may refer to the fact that all the coupling signals corresponding to the pulses within a predetermined duration change, or that the coupling signals corresponding to the pulses for a predetermined number of consecutive pulses change, etc.

[0130] In one embodiment, in response to switching the pulsed light source 2 from a first mode to a second mode, the method may further include: determining to switch the pulsed light source 2 from the second mode to the first mode when it is determined, based on an electrical signal, that the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 has not changed in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array 131.

[0131] Here, "no change" in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 can mean that no change occurred in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 within a predetermined time period or a predetermined number of times.

[0132] Thus, by varying the degree of continuity, a false touch can be accurately identified. When there is no change, the pulse light source 2 operates in a low duty cycle first mode, significantly reducing power consumption and avoiding power waste caused by continuously sending high-frequency pulses. Under continuously varying conditions, it can switch to a high-frequency continuous pulse mode, improving the detection frequency and accuracy of touch and optimizing touch feedback sensitivity.

[0133] In some embodiments, the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311, each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities 1311 corresponding to one of the electrical signals; the change data includes: change rate, light intensity change amount, and wavelength offset.

[0134] Step S40 may include:

[0135] The touch position is determined based on the change rate corresponding to at least one column in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131;

[0136] The touch intensity is determined based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131.

[0137] Here, the change in light intensity and the wavelength shift can be used to indicate the change in the resonant wave in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity, that is, the change in the resonant wave (i.e., the coupled signal) generated and output by the optical signal in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity relative to the optical signal.

[0138] In one embodiment, the rate of change characterizes the delay generated by the optical signal in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311, i.e., the time difference between the coupled signal and the optical signal. A greater rate of change indicates a smaller delay, i.e., a smaller time difference. The change in light intensity refers to the difference in light intensity between the coupled signal output by the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal. The wavelength shift refers to the difference in wavelength between the coupled signal output by the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 and the input optical signal.

[0139] In one embodiment, step S30 may include: determining the rate of change of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source 2 in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311 of the corresponding column of the electrical signal based on the timing of the electrical signal.

[0140] In one embodiment, determining the touch position based on the rate of change corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may include determining the touch position based on the rate of change corresponding to each column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131. For example, the lowest rate of change is the center of the touch position, and the highest rate of change is the edge of the touch position.

[0141] In one embodiment, the rate of change based on at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may include: the rate of change, the amount of light intensity change, and the wavelength shift based on at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131.

[0142] In one embodiment, determining the touch intensity based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may include: determining the touch pressure value based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131. The touch pressure value can characterize the touch intensity, i.e., the degree of pressure. The wavelength offset and light intensity change can be mapped to a pressure value; for example, the mapping between wavelength offset and pressure value can be positively correlated, and the mapping between light intensity change and pressure value can also be positively correlated.

[0143] In one embodiment, the calculation based on the light intensity change and wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131 may include: performing a weighted calculation based on the light intensity change and wavelength shift corresponding to at least one column of the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array 131.

[0144] Thus, based on the characteristics of the electrical signals corresponding to the coupling signals output by each column, the temporal changes, light intensity changes, and wavelength shifts of the optical signals in each column can be identified. This allows for accurate mapping of the touch position and force that cause the aforementioned changes on the whispering-gallery mode microcavity 1311, thereby improving the sensitivity of touch detection.

[0145] This application also provides an electronic device, wherein the electronic device includes the display panel described in any one or more of the foregoing embodiments.

[0146] Here, electronic devices can be any device with display and touch functions, such as color electronic paper, mobile phones, watches, tablets, televisions, or laptops.

[0147] As one possible implementation, this embodiment provides a three-dimensional touch detection structure and method for an LCD substrate based on a WGM microcavity. The WGM microcavity is embedded in a standard LCD manufacturing process, and a touch sensing layer is added between the CF-side substrate and the black matrix (i.e., the color resist layer), thus achieving touch sensor integration. Figure 7 As shown, the overall structure includes a CF substrate layer, a liquid crystal layer, and an array substrate layer. The CF substrate layer (i.e., the color filter) consists of a glass substrate, a WGM microcavity sensing layer (i.e., the touch sensing layer), a color resist layer, and an OC protective layer. The color resist layer includes a BM layer and an RGB color filter layer (i.e., color resist). The WGM microcavity sensing layer structure includes a WGM microcavity array, a waveguide network, VCSEL pulse light sources and photodiodes (PDs) at both ends of the waveguide structure (substrate edges), and filling material.

[0148] WGM microcavity arrays are a key structure for realizing 3D touch sensing. SiO2 exhibits extremely low absorption loss (approximately 0.17 dB / km) in the visible to near-infrared band, low intrinsic scattering loss, and can achieve an ultra-high quality factor. It also boasts high compatibility with semiconductor processes, making it a suitable substrate for WGM microcavities. WGM microring cavities possess a high quality factor (≥10⁸) and low radiation loss, and can be adapted to various integration schemes (through waveguides, fiber tapers, or free-space coupling). Their fabrication process is mature, and microring cavities serve as the basic structural unit for sensors. WGM microcavities offer high sensitivity; the circulating light within the cavity forms standing waves. During touch operations, this causes changes in the physical parameters of the microcavity surface or surrounding medium (mechanical deformation / refractive index change), altering the microcavity's resonance conditions (resonant wave shift, mode splitting, intensity changes, etc.). Touch recognition is achieved by sensing these signal changes. The microring cavity array is integrated into the RGB pixel gap region, strictly aligned with the BM coverage area, ensuring that the LCD panel display and the whispering-gallery mode microcavities do not interfere with each other. The adjacent arrays of micro-cavities are arranged in a staggered manner to avoid optical signal crosstalk caused by excessive microcavity density.

[0149] Waveguide networks serve as the transmission method for optical signal input / output in microcavity sensors. Signal coupling between the microcavity and a horizontal tapered waveguide is a highly efficient optical transmission mechanism based on evanescent field energy exchange. The tapered waveguide's mode field diameter decreases in the waist region, resulting in an exponentially increased evanescent field intensity, which overlaps with the evanescent field on the microcavity surface, achieving efficient optical energy transmission (coupling rate ≥99%). Si3N4, with its low loss, strong nonlinearity, tunable dispersion, and process compatibility, is used as the waveguide substrate. The waveguide network is integrated into the RGB pixel gap region, precisely aligned with the BM coverage area. Each waveguide structure extends to both sides of the substrate's edge region, connecting to the VCSEL pulsed light source and photoelectric converter respectively via tapered fiber structures. A single silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide is shared within the same column of the microcavity array.

[0150] The VCSEL pulsed light source and photoelectric converter are integrated on the bezel areas on both sides of the substrate to avoid interfering with the LCD panel display. Each column of WGM microcavity arrays and one waveguide network corresponds to a set of VCSEL pulsed light sources and photoelectric converters. The VCSEL pulsed light source provides the light signal, and the photoelectric converter converts the light signal from the waveguide into an electrical signal for touch recognition. The VCSEL pulsed light source uses a non-visible light band (1550nm) to reduce interference with the display effect. Each column of microcavity arrays is assigned an independent light source wavelength (e.g., 0.8nm interval in the 1550nm band) to achieve differentiated recognition of the light signals of different columns of WGM microcavity arrays. A pulsed laser signal (narrow pulse light, pulse width ≤1ns) is selected, and the signal differentiation recognition of different touch positions of the WGM microcavity array is achieved by detecting the temporal changes in the resonant waves of multiple columns of WGM microcavities during touch. Meanwhile, to achieve energy efficiency optimization and dynamic driving, the microcavity light source operates in low-power pulse mode (duty cycle 1%) by default, with power consumption ≤5mW. After detecting pressure or distance changes, it switches to continuous mode with a response delay ≤1ms, thereby achieving ultra-low power consumption.

[0151] The specific mode switching process is as follows: When the WGM microcavity array detects a change in pressure or distance on the panel surface, the photoelectric converter monitors the change in the resonance signal (i.e., coupling signal) transmitted by the microcavity in real time and transmits the changed signal to the touch event detection module (TED). Based on the continuity of the signal, it determines whether to trigger mode switching. The dynamic drive controller (DDC) receives the TED instruction and controls the VCSEL drive circuit to switch to continuous mode.

[0152] Standby power consumption is reduced by 80% compared to traditional capacitive touch, adapting to the long battery life requirements of mobile devices, and achieving fast response. It supports a 120Hz touch sampling rate to meet the needs of gaming and drawing scenarios.

[0153] WGM's microcavity sensing layer uses a low-refractive-index transparent polymer (e.g., A refractive index of 1.33 is used as a filler material to provide a substrate for the WGM microcavity and waveguide structure, and to fill the gap area between the WGM microcavity and the waveguide, ensuring surface flatness (roughness ≤10nm) and providing a uniform substrate for the BM / RGB layer process. It has excellent optical transparency (transmittance in the visible light band ≥95%), avoiding any impact on the display effect. It also has good thermal stability, which can withstand subsequent manufacturing processes. Furthermore, its low refractive index can enhance the confinement and transmission of laser signals by the WGM microcavity array and waveguide structure.

[0154] This structural design primarily utilizes the sensitivity to changes in the resonant conditions of WGM microcavity arrays to achieve the basic operational logic of 3D touch control. By sensing the timing of a single-column pulse signal, the system detects the rate of change and resonant wave changes of the optical signal from a single-column WGM microcavity array (i.e., the change data corresponding to the coupling signal), identifying the source of the optical signal change in the single-column WGM microcavity array. Combined with the changes in the optical signals from multiple WGM microcavity arrays during touch (including changes in rate of change and resonant wave changes), the system accurately identifies the specific touch point (XY axis direction) on the substrate. By identifying the resonant wave changes of the optical signals from multiple WGM microcavity arrays during touch, the system accurately identifies the pressure level (Z axis direction) (sensitivity 0.1 nm / mN). The identified position signal and pressure level signal are then processed to achieve precise 3D touch control of the LCD display panel.

[0155] In this signal transmission mode, the circuit scheme includes the following components: VCSEL pulse light source, photodiode (PD), transimpedance amplifier (TIA), programmable gain amplifier (PGA), multiplexer (MUX), high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and touch IC.

[0156] Signal transmission process: A light signal is emitted by a VCSEL pulse light source; when the external light touches the LCD panel, it changes the optical characteristics of the WGM microcavity, causing a change in the light signal. The signal delay time varies for different array microcavities; the PD converts the received light intensity change into a current signal, the amplitude of which is related to the light intensity and the resonant wavelength shift; each column of PD is connected to an independent TIA, which converts the current signal into a voltage signal, and then the PGA automatically adjusts the gain according to the signal strength; the PD array is grouped by column and sequentially selected by the MUX. The MUX switching is synchronized with the VCSEL pulse and sampling is only performed within the effective window of the light pulse; the 18-bit ADC quantizes the analog voltage into a digital value, and the algorithm locates the XY coordinates and Z-axis pressure. Finally, the data interface interacts with the touch chip.

[0157] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods according to the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal device (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0158] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0159] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A display panel, characterized in that, The display panel includes a display area and a non-display area; the display area includes a color filter, which includes a substrate, a color resist layer, and a touch sensing layer located between the substrate and the color resist layer; the non-display area includes a pulsed light source and a processing module. The touch sensing layer includes: a whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array and a waveguide network corresponding to the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array; the waveguide network is connected to the pulsed light source and the processing module, and is used to input the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source into the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array, and transmit the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array to the processing module; The processing module is used to convert the coupling signal into an electrical signal and determine the touch position and / or touch force based on the electrical signal.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities, with adjacent columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities being staggered; the waveguide network includes multiple waveguide structures, and each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities corresponds to one waveguide structure; The position of the whispering-gallery mode microcavity and the waveguide structure is aligned with the gap between the color resists in the color resist layer.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each waveguide structure is connected to a pulsed light source via a tapered optical fiber, and the pulsed light sources corresponding to different waveguide structures have different wavelengths.

4. The display panel according to claim 2, characterized in that, The processing module includes: multiple photoelectric converters, a transimpedance amplifier, a programmable gain amplifier, a multiplexer, an analog-to-digital converter, and a touch chip; wherein each photoelectric converter is connected to one of the waveguide structures via a tapered optical fiber; Each of the photoelectric converters is connected to a set of the transimpedance amplifiers and the programmable gain amplifiers, for converting the coupled signal into a current signal and outputting it to the transimpedance amplifiers; The transimpedance amplifier is used to convert the current signal into a voltage signal, and the gain of the voltage signal is adjusted by the programmable gain amplifier; The multiple channels of the multiplexer are respectively connected to the multiple programmable gain amplifiers, and the conduction window of the channel is consistent with the pulse opening window of the pulse light source connected to the corresponding waveguide structure. The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the multiplexer and is used to convert the voltage signal output by the activated path into a digital signal and transmit it to the touch chip. The touch chip is used to determine the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the digital signal.

5. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The non-display area also includes: a thermoelectric cooler and a copper heat sink; The cold end of the thermoelectric cooler is bonded to the metal layer of the substrate, and the hot end of the thermoelectric cooler is connected to the copper heat sink; the thermoelectric cooler is used to regulate the temperature of the substrate through the copper heat sink.

6. The display panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The touch sensing layer further includes a substrate, on which the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array and the waveguide network are disposed; The substrate is made of a transparent material, and the refractive index of the transparent material is lower than that of the whispering-gallery mode microcavities in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array.

7. A touch detection method, characterized in that, Applied to the display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the method comprises: Acquire the coupling signal output by the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array through the waveguide network; The coupling signal is converted into an electrical signal; Based on the electrical signal, determine the variation data of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array; The touch position and / or touch intensity are determined based on the change data.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the changed data includes: The degree of continuity of the change is determined based on the change data; Based on the degree of continuity, it is determined whether to switch the pulsed light source from the first mode to the second mode; in the second mode, the duty cycle of the pulse is higher than that in the first mode; In response to switching the pulsed light source from a first mode to a second mode, the touch position and / or touch intensity are determined based on the change data of the light signal emitted by the pulsed light source in the second mode in the whispering-gallery mode microcavity array.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array includes multiple columns of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities, each column of whispering-gallery pattern microcavities corresponding to one of the electrical signals; the change data includes: change rate, light intensity change, and wavelength shift. Determining the touch position and / or touch intensity based on the changed data includes: The touch position is determined based on the change rate corresponding to at least one column in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array; The touch intensity is determined based on the light intensity change and wavelength offset corresponding to at least one column in the whispering-gallery pattern microcavity array.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes the display panel as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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