Intelligent precision cultivator and planter for layered fertilization of crops

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and specifically relates to a crop layered fertilization intelligent precision plowing and seeding machine, which comprises a rack, a walking driving part arranged on the rack, a seeder arranged on one side of the rack, a bearing frame fixedly connected to the side of the rack away from the seeder, a plurality of rotary tillage assemblies horizontally and equidistantly arranged on the bearing frame, a soil blocking assembly arranged on each rotary tillage assembly and used for blocking the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage assembly, a plurality of fertilization assemblies vertically slidably arranged on the bottom of the side of the bearing frame close to the rack, and a transmission assembly arranged between the soil blocking assembly and the fertilization assembly and used for converting the impact force of the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage assembly on the soil blocking assembly into the driving force of the height of the fertilization assembly. The impact force of the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage assembly is fed back to the soil texture, and the layered fertilization depth is adjusted in linkage, so that the defects of the fixed layered fertilization depth in the traditional plowing and seeding, the poor adaptability to different soil properties and the loss of soil nutrients are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops. Background Technology

[0002] The stratified fertilizing tillage and seeding machine is an agricultural machine that integrates rotary tillage, stratified fertilization and seeding functions. Through compartment design and multi-depth fertilization pipes, fertilizer is precisely applied according to different soil depths, while seeds are sown at the same time, realizing integrated operation of rotary tillage, fertilization and seeding.

[0003] Existing products, such as the Nonghaha 2BYGS-4 deep tillage and rotary tillage corn precision planter, integrate deep tillage, rotary tillage, stratified fertilization, and precision seeding. The stratified fertilization system achieves a longitudinal gradient distribution of fertilizer (less fertilizer in the upper layer, more in the lower layer) through a front bottom pipe and a rear upper pipe. It is equipped with a gearbox to adjust plant spacing, individually adjustable seeding depth, and a press wheel to ensure close contact between seeds and soil. This product's design breaks down the plow pan to improve soil permeability and enhances soil fertility utilization through stratified fertilization. Furthermore, it helps corn plants resist drought and lodging, increasing corn yield per unit area.

[0004] However, in practical applications, due to significant differences in soil texture (such as clay, loam, and sandy soil), basic fertility, and topsoil thickness among different farmlands, the fixed-depth fertilization used by the aforementioned corn tillers is difficult to match with the crop root distribution characteristics and soil nutrient migration patterns. This leads to an imbalance in fertilizer distribution in the soil, reducing the fertilizer utilization rate in the current season, and can also cause nutrient enrichment in the topsoil or nutrient deficiency in deeper layers. Long-term operation leads to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, ultimately affecting crop growth. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an intelligent precision tiller for crop stratified fertilization with the function of adjusting the depth of stratified fertilization to improve the adaptability of fertilization. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for stratified fertilization of crops. By using the impact force of rotary tillage to stir up soil particles and provide feedback on soil texture, the depth of stratified fertilization is adjusted accordingly. This solves the problems of poor adaptability of fixed stratified fertilization depth to different soil properties and nutrient loss in traditional tillage and seeding.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a crop layered fertilization intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine, including a frame, a walking drive unit for driving the frame displacement, a seeder for single contour sowing of seeds on one side of the frame, a support frame fixedly connected to the side of the frame away from the seeder, and a plurality of rotary tillage components for disturbing the soil to be planted are arranged laterally and equidistantly on the support frame.

[0007] The rotary tillage assembly is equipped with a soil retaining assembly to block soil particles raised by the rotary tillage assembly. The bottom of the support frame near the machine frame is equipped with several fertilizer application assemblies for layered fertilization and which can slide vertically. There is a transmission assembly between the soil retaining assembly and the fertilizer application assembly to adjust the depth of layered fertilization according to the soil conditions. The transmission assembly converts the impact force of soil particles raised by the rotary tillage assembly on the soil retaining assembly into a driving force for the height of the fertilizer application assembly.

[0008] A laying assembly for laying drip irrigation tape is provided between adjacent rotary tillage units.

[0009] The technical principle of the above solution is as follows: This solution achieves the displacement of the entire machine through an integrated walking drive unit on the frame. A seeder is set up on one side to complete seed sowing, while on the other side, a rotary tillage component, fertilization component, and laying component are arranged laterally through a support frame, forming an integrated operation of rotary tillage, stratified fertilization, and drip irrigation tape laying. When the rotary tillage component disturbs the soil, the soil retaining component intercepts the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage and transmits the impact force to the transmission component, driving the fertilization component to slide vertically to adjust the stratified fertilization depth. At the same time, the laying components between adjacent rotary tillage components synchronously complete the laying of drip irrigation tape, realizing the coordinated operation of soil pretreatment, stratified fertilization, and irrigation system layout.

[0010] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0011] 1. Traditional tillage techniques employ fixed-depth stratified fertilization, which struggles to match the nutrient penetration patterns of different soil textures (such as clay and sand), resulting in low fertilizer utilization. This solution uses a transmission component to convert soil impact force into the power for adjusting the depth of stratified fertilization, enabling adaptive control of deep application in clay and shallow application in sand, thereby improving nutrient absorption efficiency.

[0012] 2. The soil retaining component reduces soil erosion and maintains the stability of the topsoil structure by intercepting soil particles thrown up by rotary tillage. This avoids nutrient loss and surface compaction caused by soil particle splashing in traditional operations, providing a high-quality soil environment for subsequent sowing. A unique feature is that the soil retaining component can reflect the soil texture based on the impact force of the thrown soil particles.

[0013] 3. This solution integrates rotary tillage, stratified fertilization, and drip irrigation tape laying onto the same frame, solving the problem of low matching accuracy of each step in traditional step-by-step operations, shortening the operation cycle, and improving the tillage efficiency per unit area.

[0014] Furthermore, each rotary tiller assembly includes a crossbar fixedly connected to the support frame. A rotary tiller outer cylinder is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbar on the side away from the frame. A rotary tiller inner cylinder is vertically slidably connected inside the rotary tiller outer cylinder. A rotary tiller blade is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotary tiller inner cylinder through a slot. A drive unit for driving several rotary tiller blades to rotate is provided on the crossbar. The drive unit is signal-connected to a controller for signal-adjusting the rotation speed of several rotary tiller blades.

[0015] Beneficial effects: This design, through the vertical sliding cooperation between the outer and inner rotary tillage cylinders and the signal connection between the drive components and the controller, enables intelligent adjustment of the soil penetration depth and tillage intensity of the rotary tillage blades. This solves the problem of traditional mechanical adjustment requiring machine stopping and turning, and improves the accuracy of rotary tillage depth control and the continuity of operation.

[0016] Furthermore, each fertilization component includes a fertilization outer cylinder fixedly connected to a corresponding crossbar. The top of the fertilization outer cylinder is connected to a fertilizer storage component for storing and transporting fertilizer. Each fertilization outer cylinder is vertically slidably connected to an inner fertilization cylinder. Each inner fertilization cylinder includes a soil-breaking shovel on the side away from the frame and a fertilization leg on the side close to the frame. The soil-breaking shovel is fixedly connected to the fertilization leg. Several fertilizer outlet grooves are vertically and equidistantly opened on the side of the fertilization leg away from the soil-breaking shovel. All of the fertilizer outlet grooves are connected to the inside of the fertilization outer cylinder.

[0017] Beneficial effects: The inner fertilizer cylinder is designed to slide vertically inside the outer fertilizer cylinder. Through the cooperation of the soil-breaking shovel and the fertilizer legs with multiple fertilizer outlet grooves, it can achieve layered fertilizer release at different soil depths, which solves the defect of traditional layered fertilizer machines that cannot meet the needs of crop roots for layered absorption due to the fixed layered fertilization depth, and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, each transmission component includes a transmission outer cylinder fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the corresponding crossbar, a transmission inner cylinder vertically slidably connected inside the transmission outer cylinder, a first connecting rod hinged to each retaining plate, a second connecting rod hinged to the outer wall of each fertilizing leg, the end of the second connecting rod away from the fertilizing leg being hinged to the end of the corresponding first connecting rod away from the rotary tillage inner cylinder, and the middle part of the second connecting rod being hinged to the bottom end of the corresponding transmission inner cylinder.

[0019] Beneficial effects: This design, through the hinged linkage of the first link, the second link and the transmission inner cylinder, transforms the impact force of soil particles on the retaining plate into the driving force for the vertical displacement of the fertilization inner cylinder, achieving the effect that the height of the fertilization inner cylinder is driven by the swing angle of the retaining plate. That is, the stratified fertilization depth is dynamically adjusted according to the soil texture, solving the problem of mismatch between the traditional stratified fertilization depth and soil conditions.

[0020] Furthermore, each laying component includes a tape tray support fixedly connected to the support frame. The bottom of each tape tray support is fixedly connected to a laying outer cylinder. The top of each laying outer cylinder is connected to a tape storage component for storing and transporting the drip irrigation tape to be laid. A laying inner cylinder is vertically slidably connected inside the laying outer cylinder. A hollow laying shovel is vertically slidably connected inside the laying inner cylinder. The hollow part of the laying shovel is connected to the laying outer cylinder.

[0021] Beneficial effects: This design delivers drip irrigation tape through a storage tape assembly. Guided by the outer laying cylinder and the sliding inner laying cylinder, the drip irrigation tape is buried by a hollow laying shovel, solving the problem of asynchronous drip irrigation tape laying and tillage rhythm, and realizing the integrated connection between drip irrigation tape laying and tillage.

[0022] Furthermore, a third connecting rod is rotatably connected to one side of the inner cylinder via a bearing. A limit groove is provided on the second connecting rod, and a limit block is slidably connected in the limit groove. The end of the third connecting rod away from the inner cylinder is rotatably connected to the limit block via a bearing.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The third link slides with the limiting groove of the second link through the limiting block, and synchronously transmits the displacement of the retaining plate to the inner cylinder, so that the laying depth of the drip irrigation tape is adjusted in conjunction with the layered fertilization depth. That is, the burial depth of the drip irrigation tape is related to the soil texture, which solves the problem of water and fertilizer loss caused by the mismatch between the burial depth of the traditional drip irrigation tape and the fertilization layer.

[0024] Furthermore, each of the inner cylinders is hinged to a contour wheel at the bottom, and each contour wheel is hinged to a fourth connecting rod. Each of the inner cylinders is provided with a vertical groove that extends into the interior of the inner cylinder. Each vertical groove contains a vertical block that is slidably connected to a paving shovel. The end of the fourth connecting rod away from the contour wheel is hinged to the corresponding vertical block.

[0025] Beneficial effects: The contour wheel, through the fourth link and the vertical block, drives the laying shovel to slide vertically with the terrain undulations, ensuring that the soil depth of the drip irrigation tape is consistent during laying, solving the problem of drip irrigation tape burial depth error caused by uneven terrain, and improving the uniformity of subsequent drip irrigation.

[0026] Furthermore, each inner cylinder of the transmission is fixedly connected to an electric pusher cylinder, the output shaft of which is fixedly connected to the inner cylinder of the transmission along the same axis, and the electric pusher cylinder is connected to the controller signal.

[0027] Beneficial effects: The electric push cylinder designed inside the transmission cylinder can drive the rotary tiller cylinder to rise and fall through the signal sent by the controller, thereby adjusting the position of the rotary tiller blades and fertilizer application legs. This enables rapid lifting and resetting of rotary tillage and stratified fertilization, solving the problems of high resistance and time-consuming operation when changing lanes and turning in traditional technology, and improving the overall operating efficiency of the machine.

[0028] Furthermore, symmetrical elastic blocks are welded at the bottom exit of the laying shovel. Each elastic block has a heating element fused to its surface. The heating elements are connected to the controller signal and are coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The elastic pressure block at the outlet of the laying shovel, together with the heating plate, achieves automatic melting and sealing of the drip irrigation tape through heat fusion pressing. This design connects the laying of the drip irrigation tape with the tillage and sowing mechanism through the signal connection between the controller and the heating plate. Compared with conventional tillage and sowing machines, the problem of the melting and breaking time of the drip irrigation tape needs to be considered when laying the drip irrigation tape after sowing.

[0030] Furthermore, a connecting component is provided between the seeder and the walking drive unit to adjust the height of the seeder off the ground. The connecting component includes a connecting block, which is vertically slidably connected to the walking drive unit. An electro-hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the block and is connected to the controller signal.

[0031] Beneficial effects: The connecting block is connected to the electro-hydraulic cylinder, and the height of the seeder off the ground is adjusted by the controller, so that the operation of the seeding system can be controlled by signals; it solves the problems of low adjustment accuracy and need to stop the machine for operation in traditional machinery, and improves the adaptability of the seeding depth to the terrain.

[0032] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a partial isometric sectional view of the support frame in an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered crop fertilization of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a partial isometric sectional view of each component on the support frame in an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered crop fertilization of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to the present invention. Figure 2 A magnified view of the laying components at point A in the middle;

[0037] Figure 5 This is an isometric sectional view of the outer cylinder laid in an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is an isometric schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the connecting components and the frame in an embodiment of the intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to the present invention.

[0039] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Frame; 2. Walking drive unit; 201. Engine; 202. Walking wheel; 3. Support frame; 4. Crossbar; 5. Rotary tillage assembly; 501. Rotary tillage outer cylinder; 502. Rotary tillage inner cylinder; 503. Rotary tillage blade; 504. Rotary tillage gearbox; 6. Soil retaining assembly; 601. Soil retaining plate; 7. Fertilizer assembly; 701. Fertilizer outer cylinder; 702. Fertilizer storage assembly; 703. Fertilizer inner cylinder; 7031. Soil breaking shovel; 7032. Fertilizer leg; 7033. Fertilizer outlet trough; 8. Transmission. Components; 801, transmission outer cylinder; 802, transmission inner cylinder; 803, first connecting rod; 804, second connecting rod; 9, laying assembly; 901, tape tray support; 902, laying outer cylinder; 903, tape storage assembly; 904, laying inner cylinder; 905, laying shovel; 10, third connecting rod; 11, limiting groove; 12, limiting block; 13, contour wheel; 14, fourth connecting rod; 15, vertical groove; 16, vertical block; 17, electric push cylinder; 18, connecting block; 19, electro-hydraulic cylinder; 20, elastic pressure block; 21, heating element. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] This embodiment provides an intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for stratified fertilization of crops, as detailed in the attached document. Figure 1 As shown, the machine includes a frame 1, on which a traveling drive unit 2 is provided for driving the displacement of the frame 1. The traveling drive unit 2 includes an engine 201 which is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1 by bolts. The output end of the engine 201 is connected to a traveling wheel 202, which provides power for the displacement of the whole machine. A seeder (not shown in the figure) for single contour sowing of seeds is provided on one side of the frame 1. The seeder includes a seed box, a seed metering device, a disc furrow opener and a press wheel.

[0046] A support frame 3 is fixedly connected to the side of the frame 1 away from the connecting block 18, in combination with... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, several rotary tillage components 5 for disturbing the soil to be planted are arranged horizontally and equidistantly on the support frame 3. This embodiment takes one rotary tillage component 5 as an example for explanation. The rotary tillage component 5 includes a crossbar 4 integrally formed with the support frame 3. A rotary tillage outer cylinder 501 is welded to the bottom of the crossbar 4 on the side away from the frame 1. A rotary tillage inner cylinder 502 is vertically slidably connected inside the rotary tillage outer cylinder 501 through a slider and groove mechanism. A rotary tillage blade 503 is provided with a groove at the bottom of the rotary tillage inner cylinder 502. Based on the design of several rotary tillage blades 503, a rotary tillage gearbox 504 is provided on the crossbar 4. The output end of the rotary tillage gearbox 504 transmits power to each rotary tillage blade 503 through a horizontal splined main shaft.

[0047] The outer walls of the rotary tiller inner cylinder 502 are equipped with soil-blocking components 6 to prevent soil particles stirred up by the rotary tiller blades 503. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, each of the soil-retaining components 6 includes a soil-retaining plate 601 hinged to the outer wall of the rotary tillage inner cylinder 502. During rotary tillage, when the rotary tillage blade 503 rotates at high speed and disturbs the soil, the hinged structure between the soil-retaining plate 601 and the rotary tillage inner cylinder 502 allows the soil-retaining plate 601 to swing. On the one hand, the soil-retaining plate 601 can effectively intercept and guide the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage blade 503, reducing the amount of dust spreading to the surrounding environment and reducing pollution to the tillage and sowing environment. On the other hand, by limiting the range of soil particle splashing, the soil-retaining plate 601 avoids the total amount of soil loss in the planting area due to excessive spreading, ensuring the stability of soil thickness and structure, and providing better basic conditions for subsequent sowing.

[0048] Furthermore, the hinged design of the retaining plate 601 and the rotary tillage inner cylinder 502 (i.e., the retaining plate 601 can swing at an angle) enables the monitoring of soil texture. When the rotary tillage blade 503 turns over the soil, the splashed soil particles will impact the inner side of the retaining plate 601, generating dynamic impact force. Due to the differences in the cohesion, particle size, and flowability of different soil textures (such as clay, loam, and sand), the intensity and frequency of the impact force on the retaining plate 601 will also differ: for example, heavy clay has high resistance to turning over, resulting in a strong and long-lasting impact force; while loose sand has a weak and short-lived impact force. When the rotary tiller 503 turns over the soil, the dynamic impact force generated by the splashed soil particles hitting the inner side of the retaining plate 601 will push the retaining plate 601 to swing around the hinge point. The swing angle of the retaining plate 601 is directly related to the magnitude of the impact force: when the soil texture is heavy (such as clay), the soil particles are highly cohesive and the cohesion between the particles is large, resulting in high resistance when turning over the soil. The impact force hitting the retaining plate 601 is strong and continuous, causing the retaining plate 601 to swing with a large amplitude and slow return speed, ultimately stabilizing the retaining plate 601 at a large swing angle. If the soil texture is loose (such as sandy soil), the soil particles are poorly cohesive and highly fluid, resulting in low resistance when turning over the soil. The impact force is weak and dispersed, and the retaining plate 601 only produces small-amplitude, high-frequency rapid swing, ultimately stabilizing the retaining plate 601 at a smaller angle.

[0049] The support frame 3 has several fertilizer application components 7 for tiered fertilization on the bottom side near the frame 1, combined with... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment uses one of the fertilization components 7 as an example for explanation. The fertilization component 7 includes a fertilization outer cylinder 701 welded to the corresponding crossbar 4. The top of the fertilization outer cylinder 701 is connected to a fertilizer storage component 702 for storing and transporting fertilizer. The fertilizer storage component 702 includes a fertilizer storage box welded to the top of the corresponding crossbar 4. The bottom of the fertilizer storage box is connected to a fertilizer delivery pipe. A fertilization inner cylinder 703 is vertically slidably connected inside the fertilization outer cylinder 701 through a slider and groove mechanism. The two ends of the fertilizer delivery pipe are respectively connected to the fertilizer storage box and the fertilizer inner cylinder 703. The fertilizer delivery pipe is equipped with a fertilizer pump (not shown in the figure) for pumping fertilizer. The fertilizer pump is preferably Y-shaped. The ZB-15 miniature plunger pump includes a fertilizer inner cylinder 703 comprising a soil-breaking shovel 7031 on the side away from the frame 1 and fertilizer legs 7032 on the side closer to the frame 1. The soil-breaking shovel 7031 and fertilizer legs 7032 are welded and fixed. Several fertilizer outlet grooves 7033 are vertically and equidistantly formed on the side of the fertilizer legs 7032 away from the soil-breaking shovel 7031, and all fertilizer outlet grooves 7033 are connected to the interior of the fertilizer outer cylinder 701. This design allows for flexible adjustment of the burial depth of the fertilizer outlet grooves 7033 through the relative displacement between the fertilizer inner cylinder 703 and the fertilizer outer cylinder 701 (i.e., the fertilizer legs 7032 sliding up and down within the fertilizer outer cylinder 701). When the fertilizer inner cylinder 703 moves upward, the fertilizer outlet grooves 7033 approach the ground surface, achieving shallow layered fertilization; when it moves downward, the fertilizer outlet grooves 7033 penetrate deeper into the soil, completing deep layered fertilization.

[0050] Conventional tillage techniques generally employ a fixed-depth stratified fertilization model, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to differences in land plots. Due to significant variations in soil texture (e.g., clay, loam, sandy soil), basic fertility, and topsoil thickness among different farmlands, fixed-depth fertilization struggles to match crop root distribution characteristics and soil nutrient migration patterns. For instance, deep fertilization in heavy clay soils is prone to root absorption difficulties due to low permeability, while shallow fertilization in sandy soils exacerbates nutrient leaching and loss. This traditional fixed-depth fertilization method directly leads to a mismatch between fertilizer and crop needs in time and space, resulting in reduced nutrient utilization, decreased fertilization efficiency, and increased risk of agricultural non-point source pollution.

[0051] This embodiment is based on the mechanism of vertical displacement of the fertilizing leg 7032 (i.e., adjustable stratified fertilization depth), combined with the principle that the retaining plate 601 can reflect soil texture. In this embodiment, the bottom of each crossbar 4 is also equipped with a transmission component 8 for adjusting the stratified fertilization depth according to soil conditions. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, one of the transmission components 8 is described. The transmission component 8 includes an outer transmission cylinder 801 welded to the middle of the bottom surface of the crossbar 4. An inner transmission cylinder 802 is vertically slidably connected inside the outer transmission cylinder 801 through a slider and groove mechanism. A first connecting rod 803 is hinged to the end of the corresponding retaining plate 601. A second connecting rod 804 is hinged to the outer wall of the fertilizing leg 7032. The end of the second connecting rod 804 away from the fertilizing leg 7032 is hinged to the end of the first connecting rod 803 away from the rotary tillage inner cylinder 502. The middle part of the second connecting rod 804 is hinged to the bottom end of the inner transmission cylinder 802.

[0052] When tillage is carried out in hard soil (such as clay) or soil with low sand content, the rotary tiller 503 needs to output stronger driving power to ensure the soil disturbance effect due to the high cohesion of the soil. At this time, the impact force of the soil particles turned up on the retaining plate 601 is significantly increased, causing the retaining plate 601 to rotate upward at a larger angle around the hinge point. Through the pulling action of the first connecting rod 803, the second connecting rod 804 is driven to generate lever motion with the bottom end of the transmission inner cylinder 802 as the fulcrum. This, in turn, pushes the fertilizer applicator leg 7032 to move downward along the chute mechanism, making the stratified fertilization depth deeper and effectively solving the problem that fertilizer is difficult to penetrate into the crop root distribution layer in hard soil. Conversely, when tillage is carried out in softer soil, the soil texture is smoother. In soft soils (such as humus) or sandy soils, the soil particles have weak cohesion and high fluidity. The soil particles turned up by the rotary tiller 503 have a smaller impact on the retaining plate 601, and the swing angle of the retaining plate 601 decreases accordingly. The pulling effect of the first connecting rod 803 on the second connecting rod 804 is weakened. Under the dual action of soil resistance and gravity reset of the transmission inner cylinder 802, the fertilizer leg 7032 moves upward along the chute mechanism, and the stratified fertilization depth becomes shallower accordingly. This avoids the deep loss of fertilizer in sandy soils due to excessive infiltration, and achieves adaptive adjustment of deep application in hard soils and shallow application in soft soils, significantly improving fertilizer utilization efficiency under different soil conditions.

[0053] In existing tillage and seeding processes, drip irrigation tape is laid simultaneously with soil tillage and fertilization. In this embodiment, a laying assembly 9 for laying drip irrigation tape is provided between adjacent crossbars 4, combined with... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, each laying component 9 includes a tape reel support 901 welded to the support frame 3. A laying outer cylinder 902 is welded to the bottom of each tape reel support 901. A tape storage component 903 for storing and transporting drip irrigation tape to be laid is connected to the top of each laying outer cylinder 902. The tape storage component 903 includes a tape storage box welded to the top of the tape reel support 901. A rotatable tape reel shaft is provided inside the tape storage box. A torsion spring is fitted to the end of the tape reel shaft to achieve automatic winding of the drip irrigation tape. The drip irrigation tape is wound around the tape reel shaft and extends through the tape storage box into the laying outer cylinder 902. Symmetrical outlets are provided at the outlets of the tape storage boxes. Two sets of conveying rollers driven by stepper motors form a clamping conveying mechanism; the laying outer cylinder 902 is vertically slidably connected to the laying inner cylinder 904 through a slider and groove mechanism, and the laying inner cylinder 904 is vertically slidably connected to the hollow laying shovel 905, the hollow part of the laying shovel 905 is connected to the laying outer cylinder 902; during operation, the drip irrigation tape in the storage box is actively pushed to the laying outer cylinder 902 by the conveying roller group, passes through the cavity of the laying inner cylinder 904 in sequence, and is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the laying shovel 905; the overall burial depth can be changed by adjusting the vertical position of the laying inner cylinder 904.

[0054] What's special is that, specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, a third connecting rod 10 is rotatably connected to one side of the inner cylinder 904 via bearings. A limiting groove 11 is provided on each of the second connecting rods 804, and a limiting block 12 is slidably connected within each limiting groove 11. The end of the third connecting rod 10 away from the inner cylinder 904 is rotatably connected to the limiting block 12 via bearings. Based on the vertical sliding design of the inner cylinder 904 and the outer cylinder 902, when the second connecting rod 804 swings due to changes in the soil impact force on the retaining plate 601 (such as hard soil causing the retaining plate 601 to flip at a large angle), The second connecting rod 804 is driven to swing downwards, and the limiting block 12 will slide relative to the limiting groove 11 of the second connecting rod 804 (at this time, the limiting block 12 moves away from the hinge point along the limiting groove 11). Through the transmission action of the third connecting rod 10, the inner cylinder 904 is pushed to move downwards along the sliding groove of the outer cylinder 902. Conversely, the swing angle of the retaining plate 601 under the soft soil decreases, the second connecting rod 804 swings back upwards, the limiting block 12 slides in the opposite direction and is pulled upwards by the third connecting rod 10. This process dynamically links the laying depth of the drip irrigation tape with the soil texture. In hard soil, the inner cylinder 904 moves downward, and the drip irrigation tape goes deeper into the tillage layer with the laying shovel 905, avoiding water and fertilizer retention on the surface due to low soil permeability. In soft soil, the inner cylinder 904 moves upward, and the drip irrigation tape is buried shallower, preventing water and fertilizer from seeping away too quickly in sandy soil. This achieves coordinated regulation of the laying depth of the drip irrigation tape, soil texture, and stratified fertilization depth, improving the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of tillage and sowing operations.

[0055] In addition, specifically as Figure 4 As shown, each inner cylinder 904 has a contour wheel 13 hinged to its bottom, and each contour wheel 13 has a fourth connecting rod 14 hinged to it. Each inner cylinder 904 has a vertical groove 15 extending into its interior. Each vertical groove 15 has a vertical block 16 slidably connected to a paving shovel 905. The end of the fourth connecting rod 14 furthest from the contour wheel 13 is hinged to the corresponding vertical block 16. During tillage, when the contour wheel 13 travels to a raised part of the soil (such as a ridge),... The wheel body is pushed upward by the ground and swings upward. Through the pulling action of the fourth connecting rod 14, it drives the vertical block 16 to slide upward along the vertical groove 15, simultaneously raising the height of the laying shovel 905, so that the drip irrigation tape outlet maintains a constant distance from the ground. Conversely, when the contour wheel 13 sinks into a depression in the soil (such as a furrow), the wheel body swings downward due to its own weight. The fourth connecting rod 14 pushes the vertical block 16 to slide downward along the vertical groove 15, driving the laying shovel 905 to move downward as well, compensating for terrain differences. This single independent contour design can accurately adapt to local unevenness within a 5-15cm range of the soil surface (such as stubble accumulation, uneven soil clods, etc.), ensuring that the drip irrigation tape laying depth error is controlled within ±2cm. This avoids the problem of deep furrows and deep burials and shallow laying on high ridges caused by terrain undulations, improves the uniformity and reliability of drip irrigation tape laying, and lays the foundation for subsequent precise water and fertilizer supply.

[0056] The following experiments were conducted using the tillage and seeding machine proposed in this embodiment:

[0057] • Experimental objective: To verify whether the tillage and seeding device proposed in this embodiment can solve the technical defects of traditional tillage and seeding machines, such as poor adaptability of fixed-layer fertilization depth, soil nutrient loss, and insufficient operational coordination.

[0058] Experimental steps:

[0059] 1. Experimental Materials and Grouping

[0060] Test equipment:

[0061] Experimental group: The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops (with soil texture adaptive adjustment function);

[0062] Control group: Traditional fixed-depth stratified fertilization tillage machine (such as Nonghaha 2BYGS-4, with a fixed stratified fertilization depth of 20cm).

[0063] Test soils: Three typical soil textures were selected, with each treatment replicated three times. The plot area was 50 m². 2 :

[0064] Clay (clay content >30%);

[0065] Loam soil (clay content 20%-30%);

[0066] Sandy soil (clay content <20%).

[0067] The crop tested was maize (variety: Zhengdan 958), with a planting density of 4,500 plants per mu.

[0068] 2. Experimental Procedure

[0069] Step 1: Soil Pretreatment

[0070] The initial soil physicochemical properties (organic matter content, available nitrogen / phosphorus / potassium content, and bulk density) of each plot were measured.

[0071] Step 2: Tillage and sowing operations

[0072] Experimental group: The intelligent tillage machine was started, and the soil retaining component 6 automatically sensed the soil texture and adjusted the depth of stratified fertilization in conjunction with it, and simultaneously completed rotary tillage, stratified fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O is a ternary compound fertilizer of 15-15-15) and drip irrigation tape laying.

[0073] Control group: A traditional tillage and seeding machine was used, with a fixed 20cm depth for layered fertilization. Other operating parameters (rotary tillage depth, seeding rate) were kept the same as those in the experimental group.

[0074] Step 3: Sampling and Measurement

[0075] Dynamic adjustment of stratified fertilization depth: During the operation, the stratified fertilization depth of the experimental group in different soil textures was recorded in real time (by monitoring the displacement of the inner cylinder of the fertilization tube through sensors);

[0076] Fertilizer utilization rate: During the corn grain-filling stage, plant samples were collected, the nitrogen / phosphorus accumulation in the aboveground parts was measured, and the fertilizer utilization rate for the season was calculated (fertilizer utilization rate = amount of nutrients absorbed by the plant / total amount of fertilizer applied × 100%).

[0077] Soil nutrient loss: Soil samples were collected from the 0-60cm soil layer, and the nitrate nitrogen leaching amount in the soil was measured 30 days after fertilization (water-soil ratio 5:1 extraction, flow injection).

[0078] Work coordination: Record the completion of 50m by two sets of equipment. 2 Total time spent on tilling and sowing the plot and laying drip irrigation tape.

[0079] 3. Data Statistics

[0080] Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences between the two groups of equipment in different soil textures, with the significance level set at P<0.05.

[0081] • Experimental data:

[0082]

[0083]

[0084] • Experimental conclusions:

[0085] In the experimental group, the stratified fertilization depth in clay, loam, and sandy soil was automatically adjusted to 28.5 cm, 22.3 cm, and 15.6 cm, respectively, which were significantly higher or lower than the fixed 20 cm in the control group (P<0.05). This demonstrates that the linkage mechanism of the retaining component 6 and the transmission component 8 can adjust the stratified fertilization depth in real time according to the soil texture, matching the nutrient migration patterns of different soils (e.g., deep application in clay reduces volatilization, and shallow application in sandy soil reduces leaching).

[0086] The average fertilizer utilization rate in the experimental group reached 48.9%, an increase of 34.0% compared to the control group (36.5%); the average nitrate nitrogen leaching amount was 10.3 mg / kg, a decrease of 48.0% compared to the control group (19.8 mg / kg) (P<0.05). This indicates that dynamic stratified fertilization depth adjustment effectively reduced the surface enrichment of nutrients in clay soil and deep leaching in sandy soil, solving the problems of fertilizer waste and soil physicochemical deterioration caused by traditional fixed depth fertilization.

[0087] The time taken for the experimental group to complete tillage and drip irrigation tape laying (12.5 min) was 44.0% shorter than that of the control group (22.3 min) (P<0.05), which verified the synergy of the integrated design of rotary tillage, stratified fertilization and drip irrigation tape laying, and solved the defects of high energy consumption and soil compaction in traditional step-by-step operations.

[0088] Example 2:

[0089] As attached Figure 1 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 3 is that, based on the vertical sliding connection between the inner transmission cylinder 802 and the outer transmission cylinder 801, an electric push cylinder 17 is fixedly connected to the inner transmission cylinder 802 by bolts. The output shaft of the electric push cylinder 17 is coaxially fixedly connected to the inner transmission cylinder 802 by a coupling. The electric push cylinder 17 is connected to the controller signal. In this design, when the tiller needs to change lanes or turn, the operator sends a "lift" command through the cab touch screen. The controller calculates the current tillage depth data in real time and outputs a pulse signal to the electric push cylinder 17. The output shaft of the electric push cylinder 17 retracts synchronously, driving the transmission inner cylinder 802 to move upward, ultimately driving several rotary tillage blades 503 to lift as a whole, so that the blade teeth completely disengage from the tillage layer, significantly reducing the walking resistance; after completing the turn, the controller sends a "lower" command, the output shaft of the electric push cylinder 17 extends to the preset tillage depth position, and several rotary tillage blades 503 re-cut into the soil to resume operation, solving the pain points of traditional mechanical adjustment requiring machine stop operation and lag response, reducing the time spent on the tillage machine changing lanes or turning, and improving the efficiency and ease of operation of tillage and sowing.

[0090] Example 3:

[0091] As attached Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 2 is that a connecting component capable of adjusting the height of the seeder off the ground is provided between the seeder and the engine 201. The connecting component includes a connecting block 18, which is vertically slidably connected to the engine 201 via a slide rail and a slider mechanism. The top of the slider is provided with an electro-hydraulic cylinder 19 that is fixedly connected to the frame 1 by bolts. The electro-hydraulic cylinder 19 is signal-connected to a controller for adjusting the height of the connecting block 18 according to the working status.

[0092] During operation, the controller sends a signal to the electro-hydraulic cylinder 19, causing the piston rod of the electro-hydraulic cylinder 19 to retract rapidly, driving the connecting block 18 to move upward along the linear guide rail, simultaneously lifting the seeder and completely detaching the seed metering device and furrow opener from the soil, thus preventing deformation of the seed furrow due to dragging during turning. After turning, the system controls the piston rod of the electro-hydraulic cylinder 19 to extend to a preset height based on the surface elevation data (such as the difference between the top of the ridge and the furrow) fed back by the terrain scanner, ensuring that the furrow opening depth of the seeder matches the current terrain. This overcomes the limitations of traditional mechanical clamp-type connections, which require manual stopping and have low adjustment precision, effectively improving the consistency and adaptability of sowing operations, especially in complex terrain conditions such as slopes and ridge planting.

[0093] Example 4:

[0094] As attached Figure 5 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 3 is that symmetrical elastic blocks 20 are welded to the bottom outlet of the laying shovel 905. The elastic blocks 20 are made of fluororubber with a Shore hardness of 65±5, and their inner surfaces are machined with V-shaped serrated grooves with a depth of 0.5mm. Heating elements 21 are fused to the surface of each elastic block 20, and each heating element 21 is connected to the controller signal. The surface of the heating elements 21 is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene coating. When the tillage needs to be turned, the operator manually sends a melting command to the controller, which then sends a drive signal to each heating element 21. Several heating elements 21 heat up synchronously, and at the same time, the elastic blocks 20, under the action of the silicone rubber restoring force, clamp the drip irrigation tape and apply continuous pressure, so that the heating elements 21 heat up and melt the drip irrigation tape. The symmetrical elastic blocks 20 also provide pressure sealing at the melted part of the drip irrigation tape.

[0095] Based on the principle of connecting several heating elements 21 to the controller signal, the controller is designed to integrate a drip irrigation tape position detection module, a fuse trigger command receiving module, and a fuse trigger execution module.

[0096] The drip irrigation tape position detection module is connected to an incremental encoder installed at the outlet of the tape storage box. The incremental encoder collects the pulse signal as the drip irrigation tape moves in real time. The drip irrigation tape position detection module collects this pulse signal, records the number of pulses, and performs the following calculations:

[0097] (1) Calculation of laying length: The drip tape position detection module calculates the actual length of the drip tape laying according to the formula based on the number of pulses:

[0098] Laying length (m) = Total number of pulses ÷ Encoder resolution (1000 pulses / m)

[0099] (2) Calculation of distance from the edge of the field: The starting point (edge ​​of the field) of the tiller is used as the reference, and the laying length is directly used as the 'distance from the current position to the edge of the field'.

[0100] The drip irrigation tape position detection module is also connected to a display screen located in the walking drive unit 2. The display screen is used to receive and display the 'current position and distance from the edge of the field'. This design provides the operator with feedback on the position information of the drip irrigation tape, which serves as the basis for the operator to manually cut the drip irrigation tape at the correct position.

[0101] The fuse triggering command receiving module includes a physical button located in the walking drive unit 2. The physical button receives the trigger signal pressed by the operator. When the physical button is pressed, the current distance data is synchronously latched, and a control signal containing the command 'drip tape fuse trigger' and the corresponding position parameters is generated.

[0102] The fuse triggering module receives the 'drip tape fuse trigger' command and position parameters sent by the receiving module. When the fuse triggering module receives the fuse command, the drive circuit outputs a PWM signal to the heating element to control it to heat up to 180-200℃ within 2 seconds (the target temperature is preset by the controller).

[0103] After the heating element maintains the target temperature for 5 seconds, the heating power is cut off, and the elastic pressure block is kept in a clamping state until the temperature drops below 80°C, forming a 3-5mm wide sealed welding band. At the same time, a 'welding complete' signal is sent to the welding command receiving module to upload the result (including the actual welding position, time, etc.) to the cockpit display screen for operator confirmation.

[0104] This design collects real-time data on the remaining length of the drip irrigation tape from the end of the drip irrigation tape to the edge of the plot, allowing operators to pre-draw the corresponding length of drip irrigation tape based on the boundary distance, and completes the cutting at a preset position through a precise positioning and melting function, thus achieving adaptive matching between the drip irrigation tape laying length and the plot boundary.

[0105] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A smart precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops, comprising a frame (1), a walking drive unit (2) for driving the frame (1) to move on the frame (1), and a seeder for single-unit contour sowing of seeds on one side of the frame (1), characterized in that, A support frame (3) is fixedly connected to the side of the frame (1) away from the seeder. Several rotary tillage components (5) for disturbing the soil to be planted are arranged horizontally and equidistantly on the support frame (3). Each rotary tillage component (5) is equipped with a soil retaining component (6) to block soil particles raised by the rotary tillage component (5). The bottom of the support frame (3) near the frame (1) is equipped with several fertilizer components (7) for layered fertilization and vertical sliding. A transmission component (8) is provided between the soil retaining component (6) and the fertilizer component (7) to adjust the layered fertilization depth according to the soil conditions. The transmission component (8) converts the impact force of the soil particles raised by the rotary tillage component (5) on the soil retaining component (6) into a driving force for the height of the fertilizer component (7). A laying assembly (9) for laying drip irrigation tape is provided between adjacent rotary tillage assemblies (5).

2. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each rotary tillage assembly (5) includes a crossbar (4) fixedly connected to the support frame (3). A rotary tillage outer cylinder (501) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the crossbar (4) on the side away from the frame (1). A rotary tillage inner cylinder (502) is vertically slidably connected inside the rotary tillage outer cylinder (501). A rotary tillage blade (503) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the rotary tillage inner cylinder (502). A drive unit for driving several rotary tillage blades (503) to rotate is provided on the crossbar (4). The drive unit is signal connected to a controller for signal adjustment of the rotation speed of several rotary tillage blades (503). Each retaining component (6) includes a retaining plate (601) hinged to the corresponding rotary tillage inner cylinder (502), and the retaining plate (601) is an arc-shaped structure.

3. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each fertilizer application component (7) includes a fertilizer application outer cylinder (701) fixedly connected to the corresponding crossbar (4). The top of the fertilizer application outer cylinder (701) is connected to a fertilizer storage component (702) for storing and transporting fertilizer. Each fertilizer application outer cylinder (701) is vertically slidably connected to a fertilizer application inner cylinder (703). Each fertilizer application inner cylinder (703) includes a soil breaking shovel (7031) on the side away from the frame (1) and a fertilizer application leg (7032) on the side close to the frame (1). The soil breaking shovel (7031) and the fertilizer application leg (7032) are fixedly connected. Several fertilizer outlet grooves (7033) are vertically and equidistantly opened on the side of the fertilizer application leg (7032) away from the soil breaking shovel (7031). Several fertilizer outlet grooves (7033) are all connected to the inside of the fertilizer application outer cylinder (701).

4. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each transmission assembly (8) includes a transmission outer cylinder (801) fixedly connected to the middle of the bottom surface of the corresponding crossbar (4). A transmission inner cylinder (802) is vertically slidably connected inside the transmission outer cylinder (801). A first connecting rod (803) is hinged on the retaining plate (601). A second connecting rod (804) is hinged on the outer wall of the fertilizing leg (7032). The end of the second connecting rod (804) away from the fertilizing leg (7032) is hinged to the end of the corresponding first connecting rod (803) away from the rotary tillage inner cylinder (502). The middle part of the second connecting rod (804) is hinged to the bottom end of the corresponding transmission inner cylinder (802).

5. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each laying assembly (9) includes a tray support (901) fixedly connected to the support frame (3). The bottom of the tray support (901) is fixedly connected to the outer laying cylinder (902). The top of the outer laying cylinder (902) is connected to a storage assembly (903) for storing and transporting drip irrigation tape to be laid. The inner laying cylinder (904) is vertically slidably connected inside the outer laying cylinder (902). The inner laying cylinder (904) is vertically slidably connected to the inner laying cylinder (904). The hollow laying shovel (905) is connected to the hollow part of the laying shovel (905) and communicates with the outer laying cylinder (902).

6. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 5, characterized in that, A third connecting rod (10) is rotatably connected to one side of the inner cylinder (904) via a bearing. A limiting groove (11) is provided on the second connecting rod (804). A limiting block (12) is slidably connected in the limiting groove (11). The end of the third connecting rod (10) away from the inner cylinder (904) is rotatably connected to the limiting block (12) via a bearing.

7. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom of each laying inner cylinder (904) is hinged with a contour wheel (13), and a fourth connecting rod (14) is hinged on each contour wheel (13). Each laying inner cylinder (904) has a vertical groove (15) that extends into the interior of the laying inner cylinder (904). Each vertical groove (15) has a vertical block (16) that is slidably connected to the laying shovel (905). The end of the fourth connecting rod (14) away from the contour wheel (13) is hinged to the corresponding vertical block (16).

8. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 7, characterized in that, Electric push cylinders (17) are fixedly connected inside the transmission inner cylinder (802). The output shafts of the electric push cylinders (17) are all fixedly connected to the transmission inner cylinder (802) on the same axis. The electric push cylinders (17) are all connected to the controller signal.

9. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 8, characterized in that, Symmetrical elastic blocks (20) are welded at the bottom outlet of the laying shovel (905). Each elastic block (20) has a heating element (21) welded to its surface. Each heating element (21) is connected to the controller signal. The surface of the heating element (21) is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

10. The intelligent precision tillage and seeding machine for layered fertilization of crops according to claim 9, characterized in that, A connecting component is provided between the seeder and the walking drive unit (2) to adjust the height of the seeder off the ground. The connecting component includes a connecting block (18), which is vertically slidably connected to the walking drive unit (2). The top of the block is provided with an electro-hydraulic cylinder (19) that is fixedly connected to the frame (1). The electro-hydraulic cylinder (19) is connected to the controller signal.

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